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Svirskaite LM, Kasparavičius E, Steponaitis M, Grzibovskis R, Franckevičius M, Katerski A, Naujokaitis A, Karazhanov S, Gopi SV, Aizstrauts A, Vembris A, Getautis V, Malinauskas T. Fluorene- and fluorenone-based molecules as electron-transporting SAMs for photovoltaic devices. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14973-14981. [PMID: 38737649 PMCID: PMC11082726 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
New semiconductors containing fluorene or fluorenone central fragments along with phosphonic acid anchoring groups were synthesized and investigated as electron transporting materials for possible application in photovoltaic devices. These derivatives demonstrate good thermal stability and suitable electrochemical properties for effective electron transport from perovskite, Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3 absorber layers. Self-assembled fluorene and fluorenone electron-transporting materials have shown improved substrate wettability, indicating bond formation between monolayer-forming compounds and the ITO, TiO2, Sb2S3, or Sb2Se3 surface. Additionally, investigated materials have compatible energetic band alignment and can passivate perovskite interface defects, which makes them interesting candidates for application in the n-i-p structure perovskite solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryna Monika Svirskaite
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Kasparavičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Matas Steponaitis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Raitis Grzibovskis
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia Kengaraga st. 8 Riga LV-1063 Latvia
| | - Marius Franckevičius
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Sauletekio Ave. 3 10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Atanas Katerski
- Department of Material and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology Ehitajate tee 5 Tallinn 19086 Estonia
| | - Arnas Naujokaitis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Sauletekio Ave. 3 10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Smagul Karazhanov
- Department for Solar Energy, Institute for Energy Technology PO BOX 40 2027 Kjeller Norway
| | - Sajeesh Vadakkedath Gopi
- Department of Material and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology Ehitajate tee 5 Tallinn 19086 Estonia
| | - Arturs Aizstrauts
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia Kengaraga st. 8 Riga LV-1063 Latvia
| | - Aivars Vembris
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia Kengaraga st. 8 Riga LV-1063 Latvia
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology Radvilenu pl. 19 Kaunas 50254 Lithuania
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Samir M, Moustafa E, Almora O, Ramírez-Como M, Montero-Rama MP, Sánchez JG, Palomares E, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. CPE-Na-Based Hole Transport Layers for Improving the Stability in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16317-16327. [PMID: 38526453 PMCID: PMC10995908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have experienced significant development in the last decades after the introduction of nonfullerene acceptor molecules with top power conversion efficiencies reported over 19% and considerable versatility, for example, with application in transparent/semitransparent and flexible photovoltaics. Yet, the optimization of the operational stability continues to be a challenge. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the use of a conjugated polyelectrolyte polymer (CPE-Na) as a hole layer (HTL) to improve the performance and longevity of OPV cells. Two different fabrication approaches were adopted: integrating CPE-Na with PEDOT:PSS to create a composite HTL and using CPE-Na as a stand-alone bilayer deposited beneath PEDOT:PSS on the ITO substrate. These configurations were compared against a reference device employing PEDOT:PSS alone, as the HTL increased efficiency and fill factor. The instruments with CPE-Na also demonstrated increased stability in the dark and under simulated operational conditions. Device-based PEDOT:PSS as an HTL reached T80 after 2500 h while involving CPE-Na in the device kept at T90 in the same period, evidenced by a reduced degradation rate. Furthermore, the impedance spectroscopy and photoinduced transient methods suggest optimized charge transfer and reduced charge carrier recombination. These findings collectively highlight the potential of CPE-Na as a HTL optimizer material for nonfluorine OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Enas Moustafa
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Science
and Engineering of Renewable Energy Department, Faculty of Postgraduate
Studies for Advanced Science, Beni Suef
University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Osbel Almora
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Magaly Ramírez-Como
- Sección
de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, UPIITA Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
| | - Maria Pilar Montero-Rama
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia-CERCA (ICIQ-CERCA), Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia-CERCA (ICIQ-CERCA), Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Institución
Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Department
of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Feng L, Li Z, Liu Y, Hua L, Wei Z, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Xu B. Counterion Engineering toward High-Performance and pH-Neutral Polyoxometalates-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Efficient Organic Optoelectronic Devices. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3276-3285. [PMID: 38252155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Although protonated polyoxometalates (POMs) are promising hole-transporting layer (HTL) materials for optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent hole collection/injection property, pH neutrality, and noncorrosiveness, POMs are seldom used as high-performance HTL materials. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of mixed-additive POMs with pH-neutral counterions (NH4+, K+, and Na+) as HTL materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray analyses indicated that the use of the lacunary heteropolyanion [P2W15O56]12- as an intermediate ensured successful incorporation of the counterions into the mixed-addenda POMs without causing deterioration of the POM frameworks. The hole-transporting layer performance of POM-NH4, which was characterized by a high work function and good conductivity and could be prepared using a low-cost method surpassed those of its protonated counterpart POM-4 and many classic HTL materials. An organic solar cell (OSC) modified with POM-NH4 delivered a power conversion efficiency of 18.0%, which was the highest photovoltaic efficiency achieved by POM-based OSCs to date. Moreover, an HTL material based on POM-NH4 reduced the turn-on voltage of an organic light-emitting diode from 4.2 to 3.2 V. The results of this study suggest that POMs are promising alternatives to the classic HTL materials owing to their excellent hole-collection ability, low costs, neutral nature, and high-chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhengrong Wei
- School of physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- School of physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhang G, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Fang J, Zhao C, Wei Y, Li W. Co-La-Based Hole-Transporting Layers for Binary Organic Solar Cells with 18.82 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216304. [PMID: 36448962 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a widely used hole transporting layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs), but its acidity severely reduces the stability of devices. Until now, very few HTLs were developed to replace PEDOT:PSS toward stable and high-performance OSCs. Herein, a new cobalt-lanthanum (Co-La) inorganic system was reported as HTL to show a high conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.82 %, which is among the top PCEs in binary OSCs. Since electron-rich outer shell of La atom can interact with Co atom to form charge transfer complex, the work function and conductivity of the Co-La system could be simultaneously enhanced compared to Co or La-based HTLs. This Co-La system could also be applied into other OSCs to show high performance. All these results demonstrate that binary Co-La systems as HTL can efficiently tackle the issue in hole transporting and show powerful application in OSCs to replace PEDOT:PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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5
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Solution-processed Molybdenum Oxide Hole Transport Layer Stabilizes Organic Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Jing X, Liu Y, Liu H, Li S, Yu L, Dai S, Sun M. Achieving the low interfacial tension by balancing crystallization and film-forming ability of the cathode interlayer for organic solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:880-890. [PMID: 35901567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of molecules with imide units bridged by the core of thiophene-based groups, namely N-dimethylaminopropyl-4-thiophene-1,8- naphthalimide (NT), bis(N-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-thiophene-1,8-naphthalimide (NTN), and bis(N-dimethylaminopropyl)-4-bithiophene-1,8-naphthalimide (N2TN), have been reported as cathode interfacial materials (CIMs) to realize low interfacial tension with the blend in organic solar cells (OSCs). We evaluated the Ohmic contact between the active layer and these cathode interlayers basedon various characterizations, which is of great significance for further understanding these imide-based interlayers. It turned out that the homogeneous and continuous NTN interlayer as a CIM balanced the factors of crystallization and film-forming property, and broke through the limitation of poor conductivity and high aggregation in our previous work. Moreover, compared with NT and N2TN, the NTN interlayer achieve a combination of good solubility in methanol, efficient electron mobility, and aligned work function. These advantages of NTN are conducive to the realization of high-efficient interfacial electron collection and transfer, thus improving the short-circuit current density (JSC) and filling factor (FF) of devices. Therefore, the binary OSCs (PM6:Y6) based on NTN engineered aluminium-cathode with excellent stability demonstrate a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.56 %, which is higher than NT (PCE = 1.34 %) and N2TN (PCE = 13.90 %). The enhanced performance is ascribed to the improvement of JSC and FF, which is originated from the outstanding conductivity and high-quality interface of NTN. Surprisingly, the PM6:Y6-based semitransparent device with NTN obtain a PCE of 13.43 % with an average visible transmittance of 17.79 %, which is better than traditional PDINO. This study highlights a potential strategy for enhancing the performance of OSCs by the interface engineering via decreasing the interfacial intension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xin Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shaonan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuixing Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Mingliang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266100, China.
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