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Lv Y, Ye H, You L. Multiple control of azoquinoline based molecular photoswitches. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3290-3299. [PMID: 38425524 PMCID: PMC10901508 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05879d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-addressable molecular switches with high sophistication are creating intensive interest, but are challenging to control. Herein, we incorporated ring-chain dynamic covalent sites into azoquinoline scaffolds for the construction of multi-responsive and multi-state switching systems. The manipulation of ring-chain equilibrium by acid/base and dynamic covalent reactions with primary/secondary amines allowed the regulation of E/Z photoisomerization. Moreover, the carboxyl and quinoline motifs provided recognition handles for the chelation of metal ions and turning off photoswitching, with otherwise inaccessible Z-isomer complexes obtained via the change of stimulation sequence. Particularly, the distinct metal binding behaviors of primary amine and secondary amine products offered a facile way for modulating E/Z switching and dynamic covalent reactivity. As a result, multiple control of azoarene photoswitches was accomplished, including light, pH, metal ions, and amine nucleophiles, with interplay between diverse stimuli further enabling addressable multi-state switching within reaction networks. The underlying structural and mechanistic insights were elucidated, paving the way for the creation of complex switching systems, molecular assemblies, and intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108 China
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2
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Benchimol E, Tessarolo J, Clever GH. Photoswitchable coordination cages. Nat Chem 2024; 16:13-21. [PMID: 38182764 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive behaviour is key to the design of smart materials, surfaces, nano-systems and effector molecules, allowing their application as switchable catalysts, molecular transporters, bioimaging probes or caged drugs. Supramolecular chemistry has embraced the widespread integration of photoswitches because of their precise spatiotemporal addressability and waste-free nature. In the vibrant area of discrete metal-mediated self-assembly, however, photoswitches are still rarely employed. Only recently has it been shown that embedding photoswitches into the organic backbones of coordination cages enables control of their host and material properties and thus unlocks the hitherto unexploited dynamic adaptivity of such systems. Here we discuss four cases where triggering ligand-integrated photoswitches leads to (1) control over disassembly/reassembly, (2) bi-stable switching between defined states, (3) interplay with thermal processes in metastable systems and (4) light-fuelled dissipative self-assembly. We highlight first clues concerning the relationship between fundamental photophysics and dynamic assembly equilibria and propose directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Benchimol
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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3
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Molinska P, Tarzia A, Male L, Jelfs KE, Lewis JEM. Diastereoselective Self-Assembly of Low-Symmetry Pd n L 2n Nanocages through Coordination-Sphere Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315451. [PMID: 37888946 PMCID: PMC10952360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are popular host architectures assembled from ligands and metal ions/nodes. Assembling structurally complex, low-symmetry MOCs with anisotropic cavities can be limited by the formation of statistical isomer libraries. We set out to investigate the use of primary coordination-sphere engineering (CSE) to bias isomer selectivity within homo- and heteroleptic Pdn L2n cages. Unexpected differences in selectivities between alternative donor groups led us to recognise the significant impact of the second coordination sphere on isomer stabilities. From this, molecular-level insight into the origins of selectivity between cis and trans diastereoisomers was gained, highlighting the importance of both host-guest and host-solvent interactions, in addition to ligand design. This detailed understanding allows precision engineering of low-symmetry MOC assemblies without wholesale redesign of the ligand framework, and fundamentally provides a theoretical scaffold for the development of stimuli-responsive, shape-shifting MOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Molinska
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Louise Male
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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4
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Nieland E, Voss J, Schmidt BM. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Cages and Macrocycles. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300353. [PMID: 37638597 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of light to achieve precise manipulation and control over the structure and function of supramolecular assemblies has emerged as a highly promising approach in the development of complex, configurable, or multifunctional systems and nanoscopic machine-like entities. In this minireview, we highlight recent examples of self-assembled and covalently bound cages and macrocycles with a focus on the external and internal functionalisation of a structure with a photoswitchable unit or the embedment of a photoswitch into the framework of a structure. Functionalising the interior or exterior of a supramolecular cage or macrocycle with a photoresponsive group enables control over different properties, such as guest binding or assembly in the solid-state, while the overall shape of the assembly often undergoes no significant change. By directly integrating a photoswitchable unit into the framework of a supramolecular structure, the isomerisation can either induce a geometry change, the disassembly, or the disassembly and reassembly of the structure. Historical and recent examples covered in this review are based on azobenzene, diarylethene, stilbene photoswitches, or alkene motors that were incorporated into macrocycles and cages constructed by metal-organic, dynamic covalent, or covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jona Voss
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Sangchai T, Al Shehimy S, Penocchio E, Ragazzon G. Artificial Molecular Ratchets: Tools Enabling Endergonic Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309501. [PMID: 37545196 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium chemical systems underpin multiple domains of contemporary interest, including supramolecular chemistry, molecular machines, systems chemistry, prebiotic chemistry, and energy transduction. Experimental chemists are now pioneering the realization of artificial systems that can harvest energy away from equilibrium. In this tutorial Review, we provide an overview of artificial molecular ratchets: the chemical mechanisms enabling energy absorption from the environment. By focusing on the mechanism type-rather than the application domain or energy source-we offer a unifying picture of seemingly disparate phenomena, which we hope will foster progress in this fascinating domain of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Sangchai
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shaymaa Al Shehimy
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emanuele Penocchio
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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6
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Zhu J, Sun XW, Yang X, Yu SN, Liang L, Chen YZ, Zheng X, Yu M, Yan L, Tang J, Zhao W, Yang XJ, Wu B. In Situ Photoisomerization of an Azobenzene-Based Triple Helicate with a Prolonged Thermal Relaxation Time. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202314510. [PMID: 37926915 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphate-coordination triple helicates A2 L3 (A=anion) with azobenzene-spaced bis-bis(urea) ligands (L) have proven to undergo a rare in situ photoisomerization (without disassembly of the structure) rather than the typically known, stepwise "disassembly-isomerization-reassembly" process. This is enabled by the structural self-adaptability of the "aniono" assembly arising from multiple relatively weak and flexible hydrogen bonds between the phosphate anion and bis(urea) units. Notably, the Z→E thermal relaxation rate of the isomerized azobenzene unit is significantly decreased (up to 20-fold) for the triple helicates compared to the free ligands. Moreover, the binding of chiral guest cations inside the cavity of the Z-isomerized triple helicate can induce optically pure diastereomers, thus demonstrating a new strategy for making light-activated chiroptical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xintong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shu-Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ya-Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Li Yan
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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7
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Algar JL, Phillips JE, Evans JD, Preston D. Stoichiometric Control of Guest Recognition of Self-Assembled Palladium(II)-Based Supramolecular Architectures. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300673. [PMID: 37643994 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We report flexible [Pd(L)2 ]2+ complexes where there is self-recognition, driven by π-π interactions between electron-rich aromatic arms and the cationic regions they are tethered to. This self-recognition hampers the association of these molecules with aromatic molecular targets in solution. In one case, this complex can be reversibly converted to an 'open' [Pd2 (L)2 ]4+ macrocycle through introduction of more metal ion. This is accomplished by the ligand having two bidentate binding sites: a 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole site, and a bis-1,2,3-triazole site. Due to favourable hydrogen bonding, the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole units reliably coordinate in the [Pd(L)2 ]2+ complex to control speciation: a second equivalent of Pd(II) is required to enforce coordination to bis-triazole sites and form the macrocycle. The macrocycle interacts with a molecular substrate with higher affinity. In this fashion we are able to use stoichiometry to reversibly switch between two different species and regulate guest binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess L Algar
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - James E Phillips
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Jack D Evans
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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8
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Tremlett WDJ, Söhnel T, Crowley JD, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG. Ferrocene-Derived Palladium(II)-Based Metallosupramolecular Structures: Synthesis, Guest Interaction, and Stimulus-Responsiveness Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3616-3628. [PMID: 36791401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Using ferrocene-based ligand systems, a series of heterobimetallic architectures of the general formula [PdmLn]x+ were designed with the aim of installing an opening and closing mechanism that would allow the release and binding of guest molecules. Palladium complex formation was achieved through coordination to pyridyl groups, and using 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridyl derivatives provided access to defined PdL, PdL2, and Pd2L4 structures, respectively. The supramolecular complexes were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis, and for some examples density functional theory calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate disassembly and reassembly of the metallosupramolecular structures. The former was induced by cleavage of the relatively labile Pd-Npyridyl bonds with the introduction of the competing ligands N,N'-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and Cl- (using tetrabutylammonium chloride) to yield [Pd(DMAP)4]2+ and [PdCl4]2-, respectively. The process was found to be reversible for several of the heterodimetallic compounds, with the addition of H+ or Ag+ triggering complex reassembly. Guest binding studies with several architectures revealed interactions with the anionic guests p-toluenesulfonate and octyl sulfate, but not with neutral molecules. Furthermore, the release of guests was reversibly induced with Cl- ions as a stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D J Tremlett
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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9
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Su P, Wei B, Guo C, Hu Y, Tang R, Zhang S, He C, Lin J, Yu X, Chen Z, Li H, Wang H, Li X. Metallo-Supramolecular Hexagonal Wreath with Four Switchable States Based on a pH-Responsive Tridentate Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3131-3145. [PMID: 36696285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In biological systems, many biomacromolecules (e.g., heme proteins) are capable of switching their states reversibly in response to external stimuli, endowing these natural architectures with a high level of diversity and functionality. Although tremendous efforts have been made to advance the complexity of artificial supramolecules, it remains a challenge to construct metallo-supramolecular systems that can carry out reversible interconversion among multiple states. Here, a pH-responsive tridentate ligand, 2,6-di(1H-imidazole-2-yl)pyridine (H2DAP), is incorporated into the multitopic building block for precise construction of giant metallo-supramolecular hexagonal wreaths with three metal ions, i.e., Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II), through coordination-driven self-assembly. In particular, a Co-linked wreath enables in situ reversible interconversion among four states in response to pH and oxidant/reductant with highly efficient conversion without losing structural integrity. During the state interconversion cycles, the physical properties of the assembled constructs are finely tuned, including the charge states of the backbone, valency of metal ions, and paramagnetic/diamagnetic features of complexes. Such discrete wreath structures with a charge-switchable backbone further facilitate layer-by-layer assembly of metallo-supramolecules on the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingru Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Biaowen Wei
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Runxu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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10
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Bardají M, Font-Bardia M, Gallen A, Garcia-Cirera B, Ferrer M, Martínez M. Iron complexes of bridging azo ligands in aqueous solution: changes in the thermal switching mechanism on coordination and oxidation state of metal centres. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1720-1730. [PMID: 36655477 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three azobenzenes CN(C6H4)-NN-(C5H4N) (py-iso), CN(C6H4)-NN-(C6H4)CN (cyano-iso) and CN(C6H4)-NN-(C6H4)NC (iso-iso) with good coordinating groups (pyridine, phenylcyano or phenylisocyano) at the ends of the diazenyl unit have been synthesized and fully characterised. These compounds have been used as ligands in the synthesis of water-soluble metallic species by coordination to {FeII(CN)53-} units, either in one or two of the anchoring groups of the derivatives. Both the azo derivatives and their complexes are photochemically active with respect to their trans-to-cis isomerisation process. Their cis-to-trans reverse thermal reaction has been thoroughly studied as a function of the donor groups, solvent, temperature and pressure, in order to gain insight into the rotation or inversion mechanisms involved in the process. A comparison of the isomerisation mechanism between the iron complexes and the corresponding free ligands revealed an interesting fine tuning of the process on coordination of the {FeII(CN)53-} moieties, which may even produce, in some cases, non-photoswitchable species containing typically photoactive units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bardají
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de RX, Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB). Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gallen
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beltzane Garcia-Cirera
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Ferrer
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Yang F, Yue B, Zhu L. Light-triggered Modulation of Supramolecular Chirality. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203794. [PMID: 36653305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically controlling the supramolecular chirality is of great significance in development of functional chiral materials, which is thus essential for the specific function implementation. As an external energy input, light is remote and accurate for modulating chiral assemblies. In non-polarized light control, some photochemically reactive units (e. g., azobenzene, ɑ-cyanostilbene, spiropyran, anthracene) or photo-induced directionally rotating molecular motors were designed to drive chiral transfer or amplification. Besides, photoexcitation induced assembly based physical approach was also explored recently to regulate supramolecular chirality beyond photochemical reactions. In addition, circularly polarized light was applied to induce asymmetric arrangement of organic molecules and asymmetric photochemical synthesis of inorganic metallic nanostructures, in which both wavelength and handedness of circularly polarized light have effects on the induced supramolecular chirality. Although light-triggered chiral assemblies have been widely applied in photoelectric materials, biomedical fields, soft actuator, chiral catalysis and chiral sensing, there is a lack of systematic review on this topic. In this review, we summarized the recent studies and perspectives in the constructions and applications of light-responsive chiral assembled systems, aiming to provide better knowledge for the development of multifunctional chiral nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Yue
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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12
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Hugenbusch D, Lehr M, von Glasenapp JS, McConnell AJ, Herges R. Light-Controlled Destruction and Assembly: Switching between Two Differently Composed Cage-Type Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212571. [PMID: 36215411 PMCID: PMC10099457 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on two regioisomeric, diazocine ligands 1 and 2 that can both be photoswitched between the E- and Z-configurations with violet and green light. The self-assembly of the four species (1-Z, 1-E, 2-Z, 2-E) with CoII ions was investigated upon changing the coordination vectors as a function of the ligand configuration (E vs Z) and regioisomer (1 vs 2). With 1-Z, Co2 (1-Z)3 was self-assembled, while a mixture of ill-defined species (oligomers) was observed with 2-Z. Upon photoswitching with 385 nm to the E configurations, the opposite was observed with 1-E forming oligomers and 2-E forming Co2 (2-E)3 . Light-controlled dis/assembly was demonstrated in a ligand competition experiment with sub-stoichiometric amounts of CoII ions; alternating irradiation with violet and green light resulted in the reversible transformation between Co2 (1-Z)3 and Co2 (2-E)3 over multiple cycles without significant fatigue by photoswitching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hugenbusch
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Lehr
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Simon von Glasenapp
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna J McConnell
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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13
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Nieland E, Voss J, Mix A, Schmidt BM. Photoresponsive Dissipative Macrocycles Using Visible-Light-Switchable Azobenzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212745. [PMID: 36165240 PMCID: PMC9828355 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Visible light can be used to shift dynamic covalent imine assemblies out of equilibrium. We studied a fluorinated azobenzene building block that reliably undergoes geometric isomerism upon irradiation. The building block was used in combination with two different amines, ethylenediamine and R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, to create a library of imine macrocycles. Whereas the simple amine can be used to access a polymeric state and a defined bowl-shaped macrocycle, the chiral amine gives access to a rich network of macrocycles that undergo both isomerisation as well as interconversion between different macrocyclic species, thereby allowing for control over the number of monomers involved in the cyclo-oligomerization; 1 H- and 19 F-DOSY NMR, MALDI-MS measurements, and UV/Vis spectroscopy were used to study the processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jona Voss
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstr. 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
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14
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Zhu J, Chen X, Jin X, Wang Q. Light-driven interconversion of Pd2L4 cage and mononuclear PdL2 mediated by the isomerization of azobenzene ligand. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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DiNardi RG, Douglas AO, Tian R, Price JR, Tajik M, Donald WA, Beves JE. Visible‐Light‐Responsive Self‐Assembled Complexes: Improved Photoswitching Properties by Metal Ion Coordination**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205701. [PMID: 35972841 PMCID: PMC9541570 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A photoswitchable ligand based on azobenzene is self‐assembled with palladium(II) ions to form a [Pd2(E‐L)4]4+ cage. Irradiation with 470 nm light results in the near‐quantitative switching to a monomeric species [Pd(Z‐L)2]2+, which can be reversed by irradiation with 405 nm light, or heat. The photoswitching selectivity towards the metastable isomer is significantly improved upon self‐assembly, and the thermal half‐life is extended from 40 days to 850 days, a promising approach for tuning photoswitching properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray G. DiNardi
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Ruoming Tian
- Crystallography laboratory Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jason R. Price
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- ANSTO The Australian Synchrotron 800 Blackburn Rd Clayton Vic 3168 Australia
| | - Mohammad Tajik
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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16
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Wu K, Tessarolo J, Baksi A, Clever GH. Guest‐Modulated Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Ligand‐to‐Ligand Chirality Transfer in Heteroleptic Pd
II
Coordination Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205725. [PMID: 35616285 PMCID: PMC9544203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent metallo‐supramolecular assembly allows the rational combination of different building blocks. Discrete multifunctional hosts with an accessible cavity can be prepared in a non‐statistical fashion. We employ our shape‐complementary assembly (SCA) method to achieve for the first time integrative self‐sorting of heteroleptic PdII cages showing guest‐tunable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). An enantiopure helicene‐based ligand (M or P configuration) is coupled with a non‐chiral emissive fluorenone‐based ligand (A or B) to form a series of Pd2L2L′2 assemblies. The modular strategy allows to impart the chiral information of the helicenes to the overall supramolecular system, resulting in CPL from the non‐chiral component. Guest binding results in a 4‐fold increase of CPL intensity. The principle offers potential to generate libraries of multifunctional materials with applications in molecular recognition, enantioselective photo‐redox catalysis and information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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17
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DiNardi RG, Douglas AO, Tian R, Price JR, Tajik M, Donald WA, Beves JE. Visible‐Light‐Responsive Self‐Assembled Complexes: Improved Photoswitching Properties by Metal Ion Coordination**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ray G. DiNardi
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Ruoming Tian
- Crystallography laboratory Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jason R. Price
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- ANSTO The Australian Synchrotron 800 Blackburn Rd Clayton Vic 3168 Australia
| | - Mohammad Tajik
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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18
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Wu K, Tessarolo J, Baksi A, Clever GH. Guest‐modulated Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Ligand‐to‐Ligand Chirality Transfer in Heteroleptic Pd(II) Coordination Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- TU Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Chemistry and Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- TU Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Chemistry and Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Ananya Baksi
- TU Dortmund: Technische Universitat Dortmund Chemistry and Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Guido H. Clever
- TU Dortmund University Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund GERMANY
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19
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Kennedy ADW, DiNardi RG, Fillbrook LL, Donald WA, Beves JE. Visible-Light Switching of Metallosupramolecular Assemblies. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104461. [PMID: 35102616 PMCID: PMC9302685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A photoswitchable ligand and palladium(II) ions form a dynamic mixture of self-assembled metallosupramolecular structures. The photoswitching ligand is an ortho-fluoroazobenzene with appended pyridyl groups. Combining the E-isomer with palladium(II) salts affords a double-walled triangle with composition [Pd3 L6 ]6+ and a distorted tetrahedron [Pd4 L8 ]8+ (1 : 2 ratio at 298 K). Irradiation with 410 nm light generates a photostationary state with approximately 80 % of the E-isomer of the ligand and results in the selective disassembly of the tetrahedron, the more thermodynamically stable structure, and the formation of the triangle, the more kinetically inert product. The triangle is then slowly transformed back into the tetrahedron over 2 days at 333 K. The Z-isomer of the ligand does not form any well-defined structures and has a thermal half-life of 25 days at 298 K. This approach shows how a thermodynamically preferred self-assembled structure can be reversibly pumped to a kinetic trap by small perturbations of the isomer distribution using non-destructive visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ray G. DiNardi
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Lucy L. Fillbrook
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - William A. Donald
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Jonathon E. Beves
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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20
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Gupta D, Gaur AK, Chauhan D, Thakur SK, Jeyapalan V, Singh S, Rajaraman G, Venkataramani S. Solid-state photochromic arylazopyrazole based transition metal complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of photoactive and chelating ligands L1-3 have been designed and synthesized by incorporating arylazo-3,5-dimethylpyrazole units in the ligand frameworks. Significantly they are designed in such a way...
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