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Löffler J, Kaiser N, Knyszek D, Krischer F, Jörges M, Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. P,N-Coordinating Ylide-Functionalized Phosphines (NYPhos): A Ligand Platform for the Selective Monoarylation of Small Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408947. [PMID: 38899792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of small nucleophiles are of great interest, but challenging due to difficulties in selectivity control. Herein, we report the development of a new platform of P,N-ligands consisting of ylide-functionalized phosphines with aminophosphonium groups (NYPhos) to address this challenge. These phosphine ligands are easily accessible in a wide structural diversity with highly modular electronic and steric properties. Based on a family of 14 ligands the selective monoarylation of acetone as well as other challenging ketones and amides was accomplished with record-setting activities even for aryl chlorides at room temperature including late-stage functionalizations of drug molecules. Moreover, ammonia and other small primary amines could be coupled at mild conditions. Isolation and structure analyses of palladium complexes within the catalytic cycle confirmed that the P,N-coordination mode is necessary to achieve the observed selectivities. It also demonstrated the facile adjustability of the N-donor strength, which is beneficial for the targeted design of tailored P,N-ligands for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kaiser
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Knyszek
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Krischer
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mike Jörges
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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2
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Sujansky SJ, Hoteling GA, Bandar JS. A strategy for the controllable generation of organic superbases from benchtop-stable salts. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10018-10026. [PMID: 38966380 PMCID: PMC11220602 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic superbases are a distinct class of strong base that enable numerous modern reaction applications. Despite their great synthetic potential, widespread use and study of superbases are limited by their air sensitivity and difficult preparation. To address this, we report air-stable carboxylate salts of BTPP and P2-t-Bu phosphazene superbases that, when added to solution with an epoxide, spontaneously generate freebase. These systems function as effective precatalysts and stoichiometric prereagents for superbase-promoted addition, substitution and polymerization reactions. In addition to improving the synthesis, shelf stability, handling and recycling of phosphazenes, this approach enables precise regulation of the rate of base generation in situ. The activation strategy effectively mimics manual slow addition techniques, allowing for control over a reaction's rate or induction period and improvement of reactions that require strong base but are also sensitive to its presence, such as Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Sujansky
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Garrett A Hoteling
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Jeffrey S Bandar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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3
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Liu S, Miah MAJ, Cerkovnik J, Košmrlj J, Snieckus V. The Versatile and Strategic O-Carbamate Directed Metalation Group in the Synthesis of Aromatic Molecules: An Update. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7731-7828. [PMID: 38864673 PMCID: PMC11212060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aryl O-carbamate (ArOAm) group is among the strongest of the directed metalation groups (DMGs) in directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, especially in the form Ar-OCONEt2. Since the last comprehensive review of metalation chemistry involving ArOAms (published more than 30 years ago), the field has expanded significantly. For example, it now encompasses new substrates, solvent systems, and metalating agents, while conditions have been developed enabling metalation of ArOAm to be conducted in a green and sustainable manner. The ArOAm group has also proven to be effective in the anionic ortho-Fries (AoF) rearrangement, Directed remote metalation (DreM), iterative DoM sequences, and DoM-halogen dance (HalD) synthetic strategies and has been transformed into a diverse range of functionalities and coupled with various groups through a range of cross-coupling (CC) strategies. Of ultimate value, the ArOAm group has demonstrated utility in the synthesis of a diverse range of bioactive and polycyclic aromatic compounds for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Jansen-van Vuuren
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Susana Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
| | - M. A. Jalil Miah
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Janez Cerkovnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Chernoff Hall, 9 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2N1, Canada
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4
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Morrison KM, Stradiotto M. The development of cage phosphine 'DalPhos' ligands to enable nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of (hetero)aryl electrophiles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7394-7407. [PMID: 38784740 PMCID: PMC11110136 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of (hetero)aryl electrophiles with a diversity of nucleophiles (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and others) have evolved into competitive alternatives to well-established palladium- and copper-based protocols for the synthesis of (hetero)aryl products, including (hetero)anilines and (hetero)aryl ethers. A survey of the literature reveals that the use of cage phosphine (CgP) 'DalPhos' (DALhousie PHOSphine) bisphosphine-type ligands operating under thermal conditions currently offers the most broad substrate scope in nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of this type, especially involving (hetero)aryl chlorides and phenol-derived electrophiles. The development and application of these DalPhos ligands is described in a ligand-specific manner that is intended to serve as a guide for the synthetic chemistry end-user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000 Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000 Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
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Bodé NE, Stradiotto M. DalPhos/Nickel-Catalyzed C2-H Arylation of 1,3-Azoles Using a Dual-Base System. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38039305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a versatile method for C2 functionalization of (benz)oxazoles and (benzo)thiazoles employing a tert-butylimino-tri(pyrrolidino)phosphorane/sodium trifluoroacetate (BTPP/NaTFA) "dual-base" system in combination with an air-stable Ni(II) precatalyst containing either CyPAd-DalPhos or PhPAd-DalPhos. These catalyst systems enable access to a reaction scope that encompasses a range of challenging oxidative addition partners, including (hetero)aryl chlorides as well as pivalates, tosylates, and other related phenol derivatives. The utility of this method is demonstrated through the derivatization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and 5 mmol synthesis of a thiazole derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Bodé
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Martinek N, Morrison KM, Field JM, Fisher SA, Stradiotto M. Comparative Screening of DalPhos/Ni Catalysts in C-N Cross-couplings of (Hetero)aryl Chlorides Enables Development of Aminopyrazole Cross-couplings with Amine Base. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203394. [PMID: 36331074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A systematic competitive evaluation of the DalPhos ligand family in nickel-catalyzed N-arylation chemistry is reported, involving primary (linear and branched) and secondary alkylamines, as well as a primary five-membered heteroarylamine (aminopyrazole), in combination with a diverse set of test electrophiles and bases (NaOtBu, K2 CO3 , DBU/NaTFA). In addition to providing optimal ligand/catalyst identification, and bringing to light methodology limitations (e. g., unwanted C-O cross-coupling with NaOtBu), our survey enabled the development of the first efficient catalyst system for heteroatom-dense C-N cross-coupling of aminopyrazoles and related nucleophiles with (hetero)aryl chlorides by use of an amine 'dual-base' system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Martinek
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kathleen M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Justin M Field
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samuel A Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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7
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Simon CM, Robertson KN, DeRoy PL, Yadav AA, Johnson ER, Stradiotto M. Nickel-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Sulfinamides: A Comparative Study versus Analogous Sulfonamide Cross-Couplings. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor M. Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Patrick L. DeRoy
- Paraza Pharma, Inc., 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Arun A. Yadav
- Paraza Pharma, Inc., 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Li R, Yang CX, Niu BH, Li LJ, Ma J, Li ZL, Jiang H, Cheng WM. Visible light-induced Ni-catalyzed C–heteroatom cross-coupling of aryl halides via LMCT with DBU to access a Ni(I)/Ni(III) cycle. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cross-coupling of aryl halides with nucleophiles is a synthetically attractive strategy to construct C–heteroatom bonds. Here we report a highly efficient photoinduced Ni-catalyzed method for the C–heteroatom cross-coupling of aryl...
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