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Faucon A, Renault J, Josts I, Couchot J, Renaud JL, Hoegy F, Plésiat P, Tidow H, Gaillard S, Mislin GLA. Synthesis and antibacterial properties under blue LED light of conjugates between the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) and an Iridium(III) complex. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 112:117842. [PMID: 39173538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The decline of antibiotics efficacy worldwide has recently reached a critical point urging for the development of new strategies to regain upper hand on multidrug resistant bacterial strains. In this context, the raise of photodynamic therapy (PDT), initially based on organic photosensitizers (PS) and more recently on organometallic PS, offers promising perspectives. Many PS exert their biological effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) able to freely diffuse into and to kill surrounding bacteria. Hijacking of the bacterial iron-uptake systems with siderophore-PS conjugates would specifically target pathogens. Here, we report the synthesis of unprecedented conjugates between the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) and an antibacterial iridium(III) PS. Redox properties of the new conjugates have been determined at excited states and compared to that of an antibacterial iridium PS previously reported by our groups. Tested on nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria, these conjugates demonstrated significant inhibitory activity when activated with blue LED light. Ir(III) conjugate and iridium free DFOB-2,2'-dipyridylamine ligands were crystallized in complex with FoxA, the outer membrane transporter involved in DFOB uptake in P. aeruginosa and revealed details of the binding mode of these unprecedented conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Faucon
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Renault
- Normandie University, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Inokentijs Josts
- The Hamburg Advanced Research Center for Bioorganic Chemistry (HARBOR), 22761 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julie Couchot
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR6249 CNRS Chrono-environnement, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Renaud
- Normandie University, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Hoegy
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Plésiat
- Université de Franche-Comté, UMR6249 CNRS Chrono-environnement, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Henning Tidow
- The Hamburg Advanced Research Center for Bioorganic Chemistry (HARBOR), 22761 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Normandie University, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 6 Bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Gaëtan L A Mislin
- CNRS, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, F-67412 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France.
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LeBlanc A, Wuest WM. Siderophores: A Case Study in Translational Chemical Biology. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1877-1891. [PMID: 39041827 PMCID: PMC11308372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Siderophores are metal-binding secondary metabolites that assist in iron homeostasis and have been of interest to the scientific community for the last half century. Foundational siderophore research has enabled several translational applications including siderophore-antibiotic and siderophore-peptide conjugates, identification of new antimicrobial targets, advances in disease imaging, and novel therapeutics. This review aims to connect the basic science research (biosynthesis, cellular uptake, gene regulation, and effects on homeostasis) of well-known siderophores with the successive translational application that results. Intertwined throughout are connections to the career of Christopher T. Walsh, his impact on the field of chemical biology, and the legacy of his trainees who continue to innovate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
R. LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Southwell JW, Wilson KS, Thomas GH, Duhme-Klair AK. Enhancement of growth media for extreme iron limitation in Escherichia coli. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000735.v4. [PMID: 39045240 PMCID: PMC11261726 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000735.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for microbial growth and bacteria have evolved numerous routes to solubilize and scavenge this biometal, which is often present at very low concentrations in host tissue. We recently used a MOPS-based medium to induce iron limitation in Escherichia coli K-12 during the characterization of novel siderophore-conjugated antibiotics. In this study we confirm that growth media derived from commercially available M9 salts are unsuitable for studies of iron-limited growth, probably through the contamination of the sodium phosphate buffer components with over 100 µM iron. In contrast, MOPS-based media that are treated with metal-binding Chelex resin allow the free iron concentration to be reduced to growth-limiting levels. Despite these measures a small amount of E. coli growth is still observed in these iron-depleted media. By growing E. coli in conditions that theoretically increase the demand for iron-dependent enzymes, namely by replacing the glucose carbon source for acetate and by switching to a microaerobic atmosphere, we can reduce background growth even further. Finally, we demonstrate that by adding an exogeneous siderophore to the growth media which is poorly used by E. coli, we can completely prevent growth, perhaps mimicking the situation in host tissue. In conclusion, this short study provides practical experimental insight into low iron media and how to augment the growth conditions of E. coli for extreme iron-limited growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Southwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Keith S. Wilson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gavin H. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Maria C, de Matos AM, Rauter AP. Antibacterial Prodrugs to Overcome Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:718. [PMID: 38931385 PMCID: PMC11206681 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly concerning phenomenon that requires urgent attention because it poses a threat to human and animal health. Bacteria undergo continuous evolution, acquiring novel resistance mechanisms in addition to their intrinsic ones. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacterial strains are rapidly emerging, and it is expected that bacterial AMR will claim the lives of 10 million people annually by 2050. Consequently, the urgent need for the development of new therapeutic agents with new modes of action is evident. The antibacterial prodrug approach, a strategy that includes drug repurposing and derivatization, integration of nanotechnology, and exploration of natural products, is highlighted in this review. Thus, this publication aims at compiling the most pertinent research in the field, spanning from 2021 to 2023, offering the reader a comprehensive insight into the AMR phenomenon and new strategies to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amélia P. Rauter
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.d.M.)
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Young YA, Nguyen HTH, Nguyen HD, Ganguly T, Nguyen YH, Do LH. A ratiometric substrate for rapid evaluation of transfer hydrogenation efficiency in solution. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8887-8892. [PMID: 38757518 PMCID: PMC11160331 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A cyclometalated iridium(III) complex bearing a self-immolative quinolinium moiety was developed as a ratiometric substrate for transfer hydrogenation studies. This photoluminescent probe allowed the rapid screening of a variety of Ir catalysts using a microplate reader, offering a convenient method to assess activity using a minimum amount of catalyst sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-An Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Huong T H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Hieu D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Tuhin Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Yennie H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Loi H Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Amorim AC, Burke AJ. What is the future of click chemistry in drug discovery and development? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:267-280. [PMID: 38214914 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2302151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concept of click chemistry was introduced in 2001 as an effective, efficient, and sustainable approach to making functional groups harnessing the thermodynamic properties of a set of known chemical reactions that are based on nature. Some of the most common examples include reactions that produce 1,2,3-triazoles, which have been used with great success in drug discovery and development, and in chemical biology. The reactions unite two molecules quickly and irreversibly, and the reactions can be performed inside living cells, without harming the cell. AREAS COVERED The main focus of this perspective is the future of click chemistry in drug discovery and development, exemplified by novel click chemistry approaches and other aspects of the drug development enterprise, like SPAAC and analogous techniques, PROTACs, as well as diversity-oriented click chemistry. EXPERT OPINION Drug discovery and development has benefited enormously from the amazing advances that have been made in the field of click chemistry since 2001. The methods most likely to have the most future applications include metal-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions giving 1,2,3-triazoles, SPAAC for medical diagnostics and vaccine development, other congeners, Sulfur-Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx) and Diversity-Oriented Clicking (DOC), a concept with diverse molecular methodology with the potential for obtaining extensive molecular diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Amorim
- Chemistry Department, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anthony J Burke
- Chemistry Department, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Center for Neurosciences and Cellular Biology (CNC), Polo I, Universidade de Coimbra Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Coimbra, Portugal
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Weng C, Tan YLK, Koh WG, Ang WH. Harnessing Transition Metal Scaffolds for Targeted Antibacterial Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310040. [PMID: 37621226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, caused by persistent adaptation and growing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to overprescribed antibiotics, poses one of the most serious and urgent threats to global public health. The limited pipeline of experimental antibiotics in development further exacerbates this looming crisis and new drugs with alternative modes of action are needed to tackle evolving pathogenic adaptation. Transition metal complexes can replenish this diminishing stockpile of drug candidates by providing compounds with unique properties that are not easily accessible using pure organic scaffolds. We spotlight four emerging strategies to harness these unique properties to develop new targeted antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | | | - Wayne Gareth Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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Rayner B, Verderosa AD, Ferro V, Blaskovich MAT. Siderophore conjugates to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:800-822. [PMID: 37252105 PMCID: PMC10211321 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00465h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to society due to the increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria that are not susceptible to our last line of defence antibiotics. Exacerbating this issue is a severe gap in antibiotic development, with no new clinically relevant classes of antibiotics developed in the last two decades. The combination of the rapidly increasing emergence of resistance and scarcity of new antibiotics in the clinical pipeline means there is an urgent need for new efficacious treatment strategies. One promising solution, known as the 'Trojan horse' approach, hijacks the iron transport system of bacteria to deliver antibiotics directly into cells - effectively tricking bacteria into killing themselves. This transport system uses natively produced siderophores, which are small molecules with a high affinity for iron. By linking antibiotics to siderophores, to make siderophore antibiotic conjugates, the activity of existing antibiotics can potentially be reinvigorated. The success of this strategy was recently exemplified with the clinical release of cefiderocol, a cephalosporin-siderophore conjugate with potent antibacterial activity against carbapenem-resistant and multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli. This review discusses the recent advancements in siderophore antibiotic conjugates and the challenges associated with the design of these compounds that need to be overcome to deliver more efficacious therapeutics. Potential strategies have also been suggested for new generations of siderophore-antibiotics with enhanced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Rayner
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Anthony D Verderosa
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland Australia
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