1
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Aboul-Enein HY, Kannappan V, Kanthiah S. Impact of cyclofructan derivatives as efficient chiral selector in chiral analysis: An overview. Chirality 2021; 34:364-373. [PMID: 34806232 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of chiral selectors for the separation and analysis of chiral molecules has been an evolving process happening over three decades, since the introduction of the first chiral stationary phase (CSP) in 1938. The main impetus for designing new chiral selectors is to get to most promising one which has a broad chiral recognition property, separation capability for a wide range of chiral analytes, and the cost-effective CSP, which is also a major concern. Today, we have more than 100 commercially available CSPs, and these are prepared by coating or immobilizing the classical chiral selectors on to the chromatographic support, normally, silica gel. The purpose of this review is to look at progress and the impact of cyclofructan derivatives, a novel chiral selector introduced recently, for performing chiral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Selvakumar Kanthiah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, India
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2
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Oliveira RV, Simionato AVC, Cass QB. Enantioselectivity Effects in Clinical Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175231. [PMID: 34500665 PMCID: PMC8433918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics have demonstrated increasing importance in underlying biochemical mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diseases to identify novel drug targets and/or biomarkers for establishing therapeutic approaches for human health. Particularly, bioactive metabolites and lipids have biological activity and have been implicated in various biological processes in physiological conditions. Thus, comprehensive metabolites, and lipids profiling are required to obtain further advances in understanding pathophysiological changes that occur in cells and tissues. Chirality is one of the most important phenomena in living organisms and has attracted long-term interest in medical and natural science. Enantioselective separation plays a pivotal role in understanding the distribution and physiological function of a diversity of chiral bioactive molecules. In this context, it has been the goal of method development for targeted and untargeted metabolomics and lipidomic assays. Herein we will highlight the benefits and challenges involved in these stereoselective analyses for clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina V. Oliveira
- SEPARARE-Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cromatografia, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Valéria C. Simionato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Quezia B. Cass
- SEPARARE-Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cromatografia, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3351-8087
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3
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Abstract
Background::
Nano level chiral separation is necessary and demanding in the development
of the drug, genomic, proteomic, and other chemical and the environmental sciences. Few drugs exist
in human body cells for some days at nano level concentrations, that are out of the jurisdiction of the
detection by standard separation techniques. Likewise, the separation and identification of xenobiotics
and other environmental contaminants (at nano or low levels) are necessary for our healthiness.
Discussion:
Conclusion:
This article will be beneficial for chiral chromatographers, academicians, pharmaceutical
industries, environmental researchers and Government regulation authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Arsh Basheer
- State University of New York, Flint Entrance, Amherst, NY 14260, Buffalo, United States
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Cheminformatics Laboratory - Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Teaching and Research Management - University Hospital, Cheminformatics Laboratory - Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraiba-Campus I, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara - 41477, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Wide pH range enantioseparation of cyclodextrin silica-based hybrid spheres for high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:73-80. [PMID: 30819436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
pH plays an important role in the enantiomeric separation process by changing the polarity of the mobile phase and the conformation and ionization state of the enantiomers. Herein, β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid spheres with n-propyl groups as hydrophobic linkers and ethyl-silica as a support were prepared using a one-pot approach, and then the hydroxyl group was further modified with 3,5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate. The new β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid chiral stationary phase (CD-HCSP) was prepared and characterized using techniques including scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The enantioseparation properties of CD-HCSP were evaluated with different solvents over a wide pH range (1-10) in reversed phase. 14 enantiomers were successfully resolved, and favorable chiral resolution and high stability was demonstrated for multiple types of enantiomer under different pH conditions. Compared with commercial columns, CD-HCSP showed better chiral resolution and, more importantly, could be used for chiral resolution over a wide pH range. This work combines the high pH tolerance of the hybrid material and excellent chiral recognition of cyclodextrin for enantioseparation of chiral drugs, which could lead to the development of a new type of chiral separation material.
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5
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Nicolaou AG, Mavroudi MC, Stavrou IJ, Weatherly CA, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Synergistic enantioseparation systems with either cyclodextrins or cyclofructans and L-alanine Tert butyl ester lactate. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:539-546. [PMID: 30450594 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The combined use of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) and conventional chiral selectors (CSs) in CE, to establish a synergistic system, has proven to be an effective approach for the separation of enantiomeric pairs. In this study, a new CE method was developed, employing a binary system of a CS, either a cyclodextrin (CD) or a cyclofructan (CF), and a chiral amino acid ester-based ionic liquid (AAIL), for the chiral separation of four basic, acidic and zwitterionic drug compounds. In particular, the enantioseparation of two anticoagulants, warfarin (WAR) and coumachlor (COU), a non-opioid analgesic, nefopam (NEF) and a third-generation antihistamine, fexofenadine (FXD), was examined, by supporting the BGE with a CS and the chiral AAIL L-alanine tert butyl ester lactate (L-AlaC4 Lac). Parameters, such as the type of the CS, the concentration of both the CS and L-AlaC4 Lac, and the BGE pH, were methodically examined in order to optimize the chiral separation of each analyte. It was observed that, in some cases, the addition of the AAIL into the BGE improved both resolution (Rs ) and efficiency (N) significantly. In other cases, the synergistic effect enabled baseline separation of analyte enantiomers, at a much lower concentration of the CS. Finally, after optimization of separation conditions, baseline separations (Rs >1.5) of all four analytes were achieved in less than 5 min.
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6
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Xie SM, Yuan LM. Recent development trends for chiral stationary phases based on chitosan derivatives, cyclofructan derivatives and chiral porous materials in high performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:6-20. [PMID: 30152091 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers by chromatographic methods, such as gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography, has become an increasingly significant challenge over the past few decades due to the demand of pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and food analysis. Among these chromatographic resolution methods, high-performance liquid chromatography based on chiral stationary phases has become the most popular and effective method used for the analytical and preparative separation of optically active compounds. This review mainly focuses on the recent development trends for novel chiral stationary phases based on chitosan derivatives, cyclofructan derivatives, and chiral porous materials that include metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks in high-performance liquid chromatography. The enantioseparation performance and chiral recognition mechanisms of these newly developed chiral selectors toward enantiomers are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, P. R. China
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7
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Patel DC, Woods RM, Breitbach ZS, Berthod A, Armstrong DW. Thermal racemization of biaryl atropisomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Stavrou IJ, Agathokleous EA, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Chiral selectors in CE: Recent development and applications (mid-2014 to mid-2016). Electrophoresis 2017; 38:786-819. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Screening primary racemic amines for enantioseparation by derivatized polysaccharide and cyclofructan columns. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:345-355. [PMID: 29404003 PMCID: PMC5762930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a challenge to separate the enantiomers of native chiral amines prone to deleterious silanol interactions. A set of 39 underivatized chiral primary amines was screened for enantiomeric separation. Seven recently introduced commercial chiral columns were tested. They included six polysaccharide based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with bonded derivatives, ChiralPak® IA, IB, IC, ID, IE and IF columns and a cyclofructan derivatized CSP, Larihc® CF6-P column. Both the normal phase (NP) mode with heptane/alcohol mobile phases and the polar organic (PO) mode with acetonitrile/alcohol were evaluated. It was found that the cyclofructan based CSP demonstrated the highest success rate in separating primary amines in the PO mode with only one chiral amine not resolved. It is shown that, when screening the columns, there is no standard optimal condition; an excellent mobile phase composition for one column may be poorly suited to another one. Although butylamine was a good mobile phase additive for the polysaccharide columns in both PO and NP modes, it was detrimental to the enantio-recognition capability of the cyclofructan column. Triethylamine was the appropriate silanol screening agent for this latter column.
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10
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Khan MM, Breitbach ZS, Berthod A, Armstrong DW. Chlorinated aromatic derivatives of cyclofructan 6 as HPLC chiral stationary phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1196217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M. Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Alain Berthod
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, CNRS, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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11
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Wimalasinghe RM, Weatherly CA, Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW. Hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin bonded superficially porous particle-based HILIC stationary phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1187628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasangi M. Wimalasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Choyce A. Weatherly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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12
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Labrador GM, Bosson J, Breitbach ZS, Lim Y, Francotte ER, Sabia R, Villani C, Armstrong DW, Lacour J. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of Neutral and Cationic Hetero[6]Helicenes. Chirality 2016; 28:282-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johann Bosson
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Yeeun Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Eric R. Francotte
- Global Discovery Chemistry; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | - Rocchina Sabia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; University of Rome La Sapienza; Rome Italy
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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13
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Dolzan MD, Shu Y, Smuts JP, Petersen H, Ellegaard P, Micke GA, Armstrong DW, Breitbach ZS. Enantiomeric separation of citalopram analogues by HPLC using macrocyclic glycopeptide and cyclodextrin based chiral stationary phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1141363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maressa D. Dolzan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jonathan P. Smuts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Gustavo A. Micke
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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14
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Breitbach ZS, Petersen H, Ellegaard P, Armstrong DW. Enantioseparation of citalopram analogues with sulfated β-cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:841-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Hans Petersen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Chemical Process Research; Valby Denmark
| | | | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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15
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Patel DC, Breitbach ZS, Woods RM, Lim Y, Wang A, Foss FW, Armstrong DW. Gram Scale Conversion of R-BINAM to R-NOBIN. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1295-9. [PMID: 26741793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild, operationally simple, and single-step transition-metal-free protocol for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)-(+)-2'-amino-1,1'-binaphthalen-2-ol (R-NOBIN) from (R)-(+)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine (R-BINAM) is reported. The one-pot conversion proceeds with good yield and shows no racemization. The hydroxyl on the R-NOBIN product was shown to have come from water in the reaction medium via an H2(18)O study. The correct value of the specific rotation of R-NOBIN was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan C Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Ross M Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Yeeun Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Andy Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Frank W Foss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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16
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Ye N, Ma J, An J, Li J, Cai Z, Zong H. Separation of amino acid enantiomers by a capillary modified with a metal–organic framework. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02741e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent bonding of homochiral metal–organic framework in capillaries for amino acid enantiomer separation by capillary electrochromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengsheng Ye
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
| | - Jichao Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
| | - Jianxin An
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Institute of Veterinary Drugs Control
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Cai
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
| | - Han Zong
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
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17
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Ma J, Ye N, Li J. Covalent bonding of homochiral metal-organic framework in capillaries for stereoisomer separation by capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:601-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Ma
- Department of Chemistry; Capital Normal University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Nengsheng Ye
- Department of Chemistry; Capital Normal University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Institute of Veterinary Drugs Control; Beijing P. R. China
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18
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Breitbach AS, Lim Y, Xu QL, Kürti L, Armstrong DW, Breitbach ZS. Enantiomeric separations of α-aryl ketones with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases via high performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1427:45-54. [PMID: 26687164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Normal phase chiral HPLC and SFC methods are presented for the enantiomeric separation of 21 α-aryl ketones with a unique class of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on cyclofructans (CFs). Separations were achieved for all but 2 analytes, with 17 compounds attaining baseline separation having resolution values up to 4.0. Most separations obtained in HPLC could be transferred to SFC, but the HPLC resolutions were generally better due to greater enantiomeric selectivity values. A structure-separation relationship (SSR) was developed to identify important structural features for separation of this class of compounds using CF-based CSPs. Preliminary studies are also presented that demonstrate the utility of the CF CSPs to investigate the base-induced enantiomerization of α-aryl ketones. It was demonstrated that even small amounts of base (0.01%v/v) in the mobile phase results in rapid, on-column, enantiomerization. Lastly, CSPs composed of superficially porous particles were used to achieve comparable separations of this class of chiral compounds, but at a fraction of the analysis time compared to CSPs composed of fully porous particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeeun Lim
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Qing-Long Xu
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - László Kürti
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- AZYP LLC, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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19
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Stavrou IJ, Breitbach ZS, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Combined use of cyclofructans and an amino acid ester-based ionic liquid for the enantioseparation of huperzine A and coumarin derivatives in CE. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:3061-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington USA
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20
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Shen J, Okamoto Y. Efficient Separation of Enantiomers Using Stereoregular Chiral Polymers. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1094-138. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Polymer
Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials
and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials
Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yoshio Okamoto
- Polymer
Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials
and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials
Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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21
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Patel DC, Breitbach ZS, Wahab MF, Barhate CL, Armstrong DW. Gone in seconds: praxis, performance, and peculiarities of ultrafast chiral liquid chromatography with superficially porous particles. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9137-48. [PMID: 25945416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A variety of brush-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were developed using superficially porous particles (SPPs). Given their high efficiencies and relatively low back pressures, columns containing these particles were particularly advantageous for ultrafast "chiral" separations in the 4-40 s range. Further, they were used in all mobile phase modes and with high flow rates and pressures to separate over 60 pairs of enantiomers. When operating under these conditions, both instrumentation and column packing must be modified or optimized so as not to limit separation performance and quality. Further, frictional heating results in axial thermal gradients of up to 16 °C and radial temperature gradients up to 8 °C, which can produce interesting secondary effects in enantiomeric separations. It is shown that the kinetic behavior of various CSPs can differ from one another as much as they differ from the well-studied C18 reversed phase media. Three additional interesting aspects of this work are (a) the first kinetic evidence of two different chiral recognition mechanisms, (b) a demonstration of increased efficiencies at higher flow rates for specific separations, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan C Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - M Farooq Wahab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Chandan L Barhate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019, United States.,AZYP LLC , 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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22
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Shipovskaya AB, Gegel’ NO, Shchegolev SY. Modification of cellulose acetates for preparing chiral sorbents. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427214090225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Chiral selectors in CE: Recent developments and applications (2012-mid 2014). Electrophoresis 2014; 36:101-23. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Shu Y, Breitbach ZS, Dissanayake MK, Perera S, Aslan JM, Alatrash N, MacDonnell FM, Armstrong DW. Enantiomeric separations of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes using HPLC with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases. Chirality 2014; 27:64-70. [PMID: 25288031 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The enantiomeric separation of 21 ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes was achieved with a novel class of cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in the polar organic mode. Aromatic derivatives on the chiral selectors proved to be essential for enantioselectivity. The R-napthylethyl carbamate functionalized cyclofructan 6 (LARIHC CF6-RN) column proved to be the most effective overall, while the dimethylphenyl carbamate cyclofructan 7 (LARIHC CF7-DMP) showed complementary selectivity. A combination of acid and base additives was necessary for optimal separations. The retention factor vs. acetonitrile/methanol ratio plot showed a U-shaped retention curve, indicating that different interactions take place at different polar organic solvent compositions. The separation results indicated that π-π interactions, steric effects, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the enantiomeric separation of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes with cyclofructan chiral stationary phases in the polar organic mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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25
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Wang L, Li Y, Yao L, Sun C, Zeng S, Pan Y. Evaluation and determination of the cyclofructans-amino acid complex binding pattern by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:1043-1049. [PMID: 25303394 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The noncovalent complex interactions between cyclofructans, a new class of cyclic oligosaccharide hosts, and various amino acids have been characterized by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The 1 : 1 stoichiometry of cyclofructans and amino acid complexes was confirmed by their mass-to-charge ratio in positive mode. Cyclofructans (CFs)-amino acid complexes and cyclodextrin-amino acid complexes exhibited distinctive different fragment behaviors in collision-induced dissociation experiments. Coupled with the results of (1) H NMR and nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy, cyclofructan-amino acid complexes were deduced to be rim complexes via formation hydrogen bondin and ion-dipole forces. The interaction pattern could be controlled by changing the pH condition. In neutral solution, amino acids are located on the positive side of CFs, although moved to the negative side pocket constructed by 3-OH oxygen of furanose ring and the crown ether oxygen in acid condition. In addition, theory calculation for geometry optimization of Trp and CFs was performed, which was in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Řezanka P, Navrátilová K, Řezanka M, Král V, Sýkora D. Application of cyclodextrins in chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2701-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Klára Navrátilová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Institute for Nanomaterials; Advanced Technologies and Innovation; Technical University of Liberec; Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
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27
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Escuder-Gilabert L, Martín-Biosca Y, Medina-Hernández MJ, Sagrado S. Cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis: recent developments and new trends. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:2-23. [PMID: 24947884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that extensive research in the field of separations by capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been carried out and many reviews have been published in the last years, a specific review on the use and future potential of cyclodextrins (CDs) in CE is not available. This review focuses the attention in the CD-CE topic over the January 2013-February 2014 period (not covered by previous more general CE-reviews). Recent contributions (reviews and research articles) including practical uses (e.g. solute-CD binding constant estimation and further potentials; 19% of publications), developments and applications (mainly chiral and achiral analysis; 38 and 24% of publications, respectively) are summarized in nine comprehensive tables and are commented. Statistics and predictions related to the CD-CE publications are highlighted in order to infer the current and expected research interests. Finally, trends and initiatives on CD-CE attending to real needs or practical criteria are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Escuder-Gilabert
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Y Martín-Biosca
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Medina-Hernández
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Sagrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Centro Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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28
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Woods RM, Patel DC, Lim Y, Breitbach ZS, Gao H, Keene C, Li G, Kürti L, Armstrong DW. Enantiomeric separation of biaryl atropisomers using cyclofructan based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1357:172-81. [PMID: 24835594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Normal phase chiral HPLC methods are presented for the enantiomeric separation of 30 biaryl atropisomers including 18 new compounds recently produced via a novel synthetic approach. Three new cyclofructan based chiral stationary phases were evaluated. Separations were achieved for all but six analytes and the LARIHC™ CF6-P alone provided 15 baseline separations. Effects of polar modifiers and temperature effects also were studied. Apparent thermodynamic parameters were determined by van't Hoff plots. Preparative scale methods were developed and employed resulting in the first ever isolation of these novel atropisomers in their pure enantiomeric form. Insights into the mechanism of retention and chiral discrimination are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Woods
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Darshan C Patel
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Yeeun Lim
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Zachary S Breitbach
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Hongyin Gao
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Craig Keene
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gongqiang Li
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - László Kürti
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; AZYP LLC, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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29
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Qiu H, Kiyono-Shimobe M, Armstrong DW. NATIVE/DERIVATIZED CYCLOFRUCTAN 6 BOUND TO RESINS VIA “CLICK” CHEMISTRY AS STATIONARY PHASES FOR ACHIRAL/CHIRAL SEPARATIONS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.830271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Qiu
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , USA
- b AZYP, LLC , Arlington , Texas , USA
| | | | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas , USA
- b AZYP, LLC , Arlington , Texas , USA
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30
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Maier V, Kalíková K, Přibylka A, Vozka J, Smuts J, Švidrnoch M, Ševčík J, Armstrong DW, Tesařová E. Isopropyl derivative of cyclofructan 6 as chiral selector in liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1338:197-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Zhang YJ, Huang MX, Zhang YP, Armstrong DW, Breitbach ZS, Ryoo JJ. Use of Sulfated Cyclofructan 6 and Sulfated Cyclodextrins for the Chiral Separation of Four Basic Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis. Chirality 2013; 25:735-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Institute of Science and Technology; Xinxiang P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - Ming Xian Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Institute of Science and Technology; Xinxiang P. R. China
| | - Yu Ping Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Institute of Science and Technology; Xinxiang P. R. China
| | | | | | - Jae Jeong Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
- Department of Chemistry Education and Green-Nano Materials Research Center; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
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