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Li H, Liu K, Chang AK, Pei Y, Li J, Ai J, Liu W, Wang T, Xu L, Li R, Yu Q, Zhang N, Jiang Z, He T, Liang X. Some evidence supporting the use of optically pure R-(-)-diniconazole: Toxicokinetics and configuration conversion on chiral diniconazole. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173475. [PMID: 38795985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Diniconazole is a chiral pesticide that exists in two enantiomers, R-(-)-diniconazole and S-(+)-diniconazole, with the R-enantiomer being much more active than the S-enantiomer. Previous enantioselective toxicology studies of diniconazole focused mostly on simple environmental model organisms. In this study, we evaluated the toxicokinetics of the two diniconazole enantiomers in rats and mice to provide a more comprehensive risk assessment. The two enantiomers displayed clear differences in their stereoselective contents in vivo. The t1/2 of R-(-)-diniconazole was 7.06 ± 3.35 h, whereas that of S-(+)-diniconazole was 9.14 ± 4.60 h, indicating that R-(-)-diniconazole was eliminated faster in vivo. The excretion rates of R-(-)-diniconazole and S-(+)-diniconazole were 4.08 ± 0.50 % and 2.68 ± 0.58 %, respectively, indicating more excretion of R-(-)-diniconazole. S-(+)-diniconazole had a higher bioavailability than R-(-)-diniconazole (52.19 % vs. 42.44 %). S-(+)-Diniconazole was also found in relatively high abundance in tissues such as the stomach, large intestine, small intestine, cecum, liver, kidney, brain, and testes, with the abundance being 1.71-2.48-fold that of R-(-)-diniconazole. The selective degradation of both enantiomers in the tissues and their mutual conversion in vivo were not observed, and this could indicate that configuration conversion did not contribute to the differences in the content of enantiomers in the tissues. Instead, such differences were mainly caused by the differences in affinity of each enantiomer for the tissues. Furthermore, investigation of the interconversion between optically pure R-(-)-diniconazole and S-(+)-diniconazole monomers in soil revealed no interconversion. All of the above results indicated no interconversion between R-(-)-diniconazole and S-(+)-diniconazole in vivo and in the soil, and that S-(+)-diniconazole tends to have a greater potential to accumulate in vivo. Thus, if only R-(-)-diniconazole is used as a pesticide, the negative impact on mammals and the environment will be reduced, suggesting that in agriculture, the application of optically pure R-(-)-diniconazole may be a better strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Alan Kueichieh Chang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Ying Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jianxin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jiao Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Wenbao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Liuping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Tianyi He
- Northeast Yucai Foreign Language School, 1 Gaorong Road, Shenyang 110179, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Teng C, Gu Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhao H, Qi P, Guo C, Xu H, Di S, Wang X. Enantioselective Dissipation, Residue, and Risk Assessment of Diniconazole Enantiomers in Four Kinds of Fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15512-15520. [PMID: 34927422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral diniconazole is a widely used triazole fungicide, while its enantioselective behaviors in fruits have not been reported. In this article, the absolute configuration was confirmed. A fast supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) method was developed for the chiral separation and enantioselective study of diniconazole in four kinds of fruits. The residual concentrations gradually decreased with time in four kinds of fruits after applying diniconazole. The dissipation half-lives of R-diniconazole and S-diniconazole were in the range of 5.3-7.9 and 2.5-7.1 days respectively, and S-diniconazole was degraded preferentially. The residue concentrations were lower than the EU's MRL (0.01 mg/kg) on the 40th (harvest time), 30th, and 10th day in pear, jujube, and apple, respectively. But, in peach, residue concentrations were still higher than the MRL after 60 days and the ratio of R/S was 2.2. These results could be helpful for the reasonable use and risk assessment of chiral diniconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Teng
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Gu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, P. R. China
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Bielská L, Hale SE, Škulcová L. A review on the stereospecific fate and effects of chiral conazole fungicides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141600. [PMID: 33182213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of chiral pesticides are triggered by the need for more complex molecules capable of effectively combating a greater spectrum of pests and crop diseases, while sustaining high production yields. Currently, chiral pesticides comprise about 30% of all pesticides in use; however, some pesticide groups such as conazole fungicides (CFs) consist almost exclusively of chiral compounds. CFs are produced and field-applied as racemic (1:1) mixtures of two enantiomers (one chiral center in the molecule) or four diastereoisomers, i.e., two pairs of enantiomers (two chiral centers in the molecule). Research on the stereoselective environmental behavior and effects of chiral pesticides such as CFs has become increasingly important within the fields of environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology. This is motivated by the fact that currently, the fate and effects of chiral pesticides such as CFs that arise due to their stereoselectivity are not fully understood and integrated into risk assessment and regulatory decisions. In order to fill this gap, a summary of the state-of-the-art literature related to the stereospecific fate and effects of CFs is needed. This will also benefit the agrochemistry industry as they enhance their understanding of the environmental implications of CFs which will aid future research and development of chiral products. This review provides a collection of >80 stereoselective studies for CFs related to chiral analytical methods, fungicidal activity, non-target toxicity, and behavior of this broadly used pesticide class in the soil environment. In addition, the review sheds more light on mechanisms behind stereoselectivity, considers possible agricultural and environmental implications, and suggests future directions for the safe use of chiral CFs and the reduction of their environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bielská
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucia Škulcová
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
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Škulcová L, Chandran NN, Bielská L. Chiral conazole fungicides - (Enantioselective) terrestrial bioaccumulation and aquatic toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140821. [PMID: 32679504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Five conazole fungicides (CFs) (epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, uniconazole (P), rac-uniconazole, and diniconazole) were tested in order to provide additional information on i) the effects of CFs on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and on the aquatic insect Chironomus riparius under acute exposure scenarios and in multi-generation exposure studies, taking advantage of the short life cycle of nematodes and ii) on the bioaccumulation (earthworm Eisenia andrei) profiles of CFs including also the enantiomer-specific assessment of degradation in soils and uptake/elimination by earthworms. Acute toxicity was considered low following the exposure of up to 2.5 mg of CFs per liter of the test medium. In a multigeneration study on nematodes, all five generations exposed to epoxiconazole were significantly negatively affected in terms of reproductive efficiency, and the severity of effects increased from F0 to F1 generation and was sustained thereafter. Adverse effects were also observed in the case of uniconazole (P) and diniconazole, and similarly to epoxiconazole, the effects occurred within the active life of the pesticides and were assumed to be based on their half-lives in soil (e.g., 53.3 to 691 days for uniconazole and diniconazole in our study) and in sediment/water. Bioaccumulation of diniconazole and uniconazole by earthworms varied between soils (Lufa 2.1 ≥ Lufa 2.4 > sandy soil > Lufa 2.2) and compounds (diniconazole > uniconazole) and was enantioselective. Earthworms preferentially accumulated R-uniconazole as a result of faster elimination of the S-form, which was evidenced from the enantiomer-specific uptake/elimination rate constants derived from the bioaccumulation profiles. Our results suggest that multigeneration exposure studies can advantageously be used for assessing the long-term and trans-general effects of pesticides. Also, the enantioselectivity in bioaccumulation observed for both uniconazole and diniconazole suggests that enantioselectivity in the fate and effects should be considered when exploring ways for safer and sustainable use of chiral pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Škulcová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Naveen Njattuvetty Chandran
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bielská
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Agrosciences, Mendel University, Zemědělská 1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.
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5
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Liu H, Lin T, Li Q. A magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube preparative method for analyzing asymmetric carbon, phosphorus and sulfur atoms of chiral pesticide residues in Chinese herbals by chiral liquid chromatography-quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry determination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1148:122152. [PMID: 32422531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the determination of asymmetric carbon, phosphorus and sulfur atoms in chiral pesticide residues by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube sample pretreatment combined with chiral ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/Qtrap) was developed and applied to chiral pesticide residues analysis in Chinese herbals. Eleven different chiral pesticides were found, and 36.4% were positive in Chinese herbals. Three plants containing detectable pesticide residues were observed in Dendrobium nobile, Panax notoginseng flowers and honeysuckle, in the order of decreasing detected concentration. High detection frequencies of 26.1% for (R/S)-(±)-difenoconazole and 14.5% for (R/S)-(±)-metalaxyl and (R/S)-(±)-propiconazole were observed, the residual amount for (R/S)-(±)-difenoconazole, (R/S)-(±)-metalaxyl and (R/S)-(±)-propiconazole were 0.32 ~ 2.5 mg/kg, 0.022 ~ 0.23 mg/kg, 0.62 ~ 3.21 mg/kg respectively. The EF value of (R/S)-(±)-difenoconazole was 0.506 ± 0.046. The EF value of (R/S)-(±)-metalaxyl was lower than 0.5 in Dendrobium nobile, Panax notoginseng flowers, Panax notoginseng roots and hawthorn. The EF of (R/S)-(±)-propiconazole was not significantly enantioselective in honeysuckle and Panax notoginseng flowers. The enantioselectivity of various pesticide residues in different plants cannot be predicted from our existing knowledge and may closely depend on plant growth, environmental conditions or molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), 650223 Kunming, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), 650223 Kunming, PR China
| | - Qiwan Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Science, Supervision & Testing Center for Farm Product Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture, (Kunming), 650223 Kunming, PR China.
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Xu C, Lin X, Yin S, Zhao L, Liu Y, Liu K, Li F, Yang F, Liu W. Enantioselectivity in biotransformation and bioaccumulation processes of typical chiral contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1274-1286. [PMID: 30268979 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a critical topic in the medicinal and agrochemical fields. One quarter of all agrochemicals was chiral in 1996, and this proportion has increased remarkably with the introduction of new compounds over time. Despite scientists have made great efforts to probe the enantiomeric selectivity of chiral chemicals in the environment since early 1990s, the different behaviours of individual enantiomers in biologically mediated processes are still unclear. In the present review, we highlight state-of-the-knowledge on the stereoselective biotransformation and accumulation of chiral contaminants in organisms ranging from invertebrates to humans. Chiral insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pharmaceuticals, flame retardants hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are all included in the target compounds. Key findings included: a) Changes in the enantiomeric fractions in vitro and in vivo models revealed that enantioselectivity commonly occurs in biotransformation and bioaccumulation. b) Emerging contaminants have become more important in the field of enantioselectivity together with their metabolites in biological transformation process. c) Chiral signatures have also been regarded as powerful tools for tracking pollution sources when the contribution of precursor is unknown. Future studies are needed in order to understand not only preliminary enrichment results but also detailed molecular mechanisms in diverse models to comprehensively understand the behaviours of chiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinmeng Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Fang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fangxing Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Mixed culture of probiotics on a solid-state medium: An efficient method to produce an affordable probiotic feed additive. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Metabolism studies of chiral pesticides: A critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:89-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Enrichment of Ofloxacin Enantiomers in Fish Samples. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070915. [PMID: 27428943 PMCID: PMC6273836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for the isolation and enrichment of ofloxacin enantiomers from fish samples was developed using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs). These polymers can be easily collected and rapidly separated using an external magnetic field, and also exhibit a high specific recognition for ofloxacin enantiomers. The preparation of amino-functionalized MMIPs was carried out via suspension polymerization and a ring-opening reaction using rac-ofloxacin as a template, ethylenediamine as an active group, glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate as functional monomers, divinylbenzene as a cross-linker, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as magnetic cores. The characteristics of the MMIPs were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. Furthermore, the adsorption properties were determined using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The conditions for use of these MMIPs as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) sorbents, including pH, adsorption time, desorption time, and eluent, were investigated in detail. An extraction method using MMIPs coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of ofloxacin enantiomers in fish samples. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for the developed method were 0.059 and 0.067 μg∙mL−1 for levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin, respectively. The recovery of ofloxacin enantiomers ranged from 79.2% ± 5.6% to 84.4% ± 4.6% and ofloxacin enantiomers had good linear relationships within the concentration range of 0.25–5.0 μg∙mL−1 (R2 > 0.999). The obtained results demonstrate that MSPE-HPLC is a promising approach for preconcentration, purification, and simultaneous separation of ofloxacin enantiomers in biomatrix samples.
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Liu N, Dong F, Xu J, Liu X, Zheng Y. Chiral bioaccumulation behavior of tebuconazole in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 126:78-84. [PMID: 26722978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole is an effective chiral fungicide, and previous studies have demonstrated that tebuconazole enantiomers exhibit enantioselective toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the chiral bioaccumulation behavior of tebuconazole in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Two exposure concentrations (0.107 and 1.07 mg/L) of tebuconazole were used. The uptake experiments lasted for 8 days, and subsequently, the zebrafish were transferred to another clean tank containing water without tebuconazole for depuration experiments (up to 14 days). A significant trend in enantioselective bioaccumulation was observed in these zebrafish with the preferential accumulation of (-)-R-tebuconazole at two dose levels. The results of the depuration experiments indicated that the degradation of (-)-R-tebuconazole in zebrafish was slower than that of (+)-S-tebuconazole. The BCFk values for (+)-S-tebuconazole and (-)-R-tebuconazole in a low dose of this chemical were 11.22 and 16.25, respectively, while at a high dose, these values were 9.79 and 10.31, respectively. The enantiomer fraction of tebuconazole in zebrafish and water ranged from 0.31-0.49. Hence, future research should focus on the fate of tebuconazole in the aquatic environment at the enantiomer levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Hussain I, ALOthman ZA, Alwarthan AA, Sanagi MM, Ali I. Chiral xenobiotics bioaccumulations and environmental health prospectives. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:490. [PMID: 26148690 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chiral xenobiotics are very dangerous for all of us due to the different enantioselective toxicities of the enantiomers. Besides, these have different enantioselective bioaccumulations and behaviors in our body and other organisms. It is of urgent need to understand the enantioselective bioaccumulations, toxicities, and the health hazards of the chiral xenobiotics. The present article describes the classification, sources of contamination, distribution, enantioselective bioaccumulation, and the toxicities of the chiral xenobiotics. Besides, the efforts are also made to discuss the prevention and remedial measures of the havoc of the chiral xenobiotics. The challenges of the chiral xenobiotics have also been highlighted. Finally, future prospectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail Industrial City, 31961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Lv X, Liu C, Li Y, Gao Y, Wang H, Li J, Guo B. Stereoselectivity in bioaccumulation and excretion of epoxiconazole by mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 107:71-76. [PMID: 24907454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselectivity in bioaccumulation and excretion of stereoisomers of epoxiconazole by mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) larvae through dietary exposure was investigated. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method that use a ChiralcelOD-3R[cellulosetris-Tris-(3, 5-dichlorophenyl-carbamate)] chromatography column was applied to carry out chiral separation of the stereoisomers. Wheat bran was spiked with racemic epoxiconazole at two dose levels of 20mg/kg and 2mg/kg (dry weight) to feed T. molitor larvae. The results showed that both the doses of epoxiconazole were taken up by Tenebrio molitor larvae rapidly at the initial stages. There was a significant trend of stereoselective bioaccumulation in the larvae with a preferential accumulation of (-)-epoxiconazole in the 20mg/kg dose. The stereoselectivity in bioaccumulation in the 2mg/kg dosage was not obvious compared to the 20mg/kg group. Results of excretion indicated an active excretion is an important pathway for the larvae to eliminate epoxiconazole which was a passive transport process with non stereoselectivity. The faster elimination might be the reason for the low accumulation of epoxiconazole, as measured by bioaccumulation factor (BAF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Lv
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaobin Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin Gao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyuan Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wang H, Chen J, Guo BY, Li J. Enantioseletive bioaccumulation and metabolization of diniconazole in earthworms (Eiseniafetida) in an artificial soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 99:98-104. [PMID: 24211030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Degradation and enantioselective bioaccumulation of diniconazole in earthworms (Eiseniafetida) in artificial soil was investigated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method under laboratory condition. Three exposure concentrations (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg) of diniconazole in soil (dry weight) to earthworms were used. The uptake kinetics fitted the first-order kinetics well. The bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of R, S isomers were 6.6046 and 8.5115 in 25 mg/kg dose exposure, 2.6409 and 2.9835 in 10mg/kg dose exposure, 1.7784 and 2.0437 in 1 mg/kg dose exposure, respectively. Bioaccumulation of diniconazole in earthworm tissues was enantioselective with a preferential accumulation of S-diniconazole and the enantiomer fractions were about 0.45-0.50 in all three level dose exposures. In addition, it was obvious that both R-diniconazole and S-diniconazole had bioaccumulation effect in earthworm. Diniconazole was metabolized to 1,2,4-triazole, (E)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) acrylaldehyde, (E, S)-4-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-2, 2-dimethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-4-ene-1,3-diol, and (E)-4-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pent-4-enoic acid in earthworms; the metabolites of 1,2,4-triazole and (E)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acrylaldehyde could be detected in soil as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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