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Ma T, An X, Wu P, He X, Luo Y. Effects of Insecticide and Herbicides on Thyroid Disturbances in Zebrafish. TOXICS 2024; 12:570. [PMID: 39195672 PMCID: PMC11358992 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer usually begins with thyroid dysfunction and nodules and has become the most common cancer globally, especially in women. Although the causes of thyroid dysfunction are complex, the presence of environmental pollutants, especially certain pesticides as established mutagens, has been widely accepted. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have similar toxic reactions and signal transduction pathways to humans and are very similar to humans in physiology, development, and metabolic function. Here, the direct toxicity effects and mechanisms of different insecticides and herbicides on zebrafish thyroid functions and indirect toxicity effects originating from thyroid dysfunction were summarized and compared. The overall toxicity of insecticides on the zebrafish thyroid was greater than that of herbicides based on effective concentrations. Penpropathrin and atrazine were more typical thyroid disruptors than other pesticides. Meanwhile, chiral pesticides showed more sophisticated single/combined toxicity effects on both parental and offspring zebrafish. Besides thyroid hormone levels and HPT axis-related gene expression alteration, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, and oxidative damage effects were all observed. These data are necessary for understanding the thyroid interference effect of pesticides on humans and for screening for thyroid disruptors in surface water with zebrafish models for the pre-assessment of human health risks and ecological risk control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ma
- College of Resource Environment & Tourism, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (T.M.); (X.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Xiangji An
- College of Resource Environment & Tourism, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (T.M.); (X.A.)
| | - Peng Wu
- Jiangsu Rainfine Environmental Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Xiaoli He
- College of Resource Environment & Tourism, Hubei University of Arts & Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; (T.M.); (X.A.)
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China;
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2
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Banaee M, Sagvand S, Sureda A, Amini M, Haghi BN, Sopjani M, Faggio C. Evaluation of single and combined effects of mancozeb and metalaxyl on the transcriptional and biochemical response of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 268:109597. [PMID: 36889533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Mancozeb and metalaxyl are fungicidal agents frequently used in combination to control fungi in crops that may affect non-target organisms when entering ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate the environmental effects of Mancozeb (MAN) and Metalaxyl (MET), alone and in combination, on zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an experimental model. The oxidative stress biomarkers and the transcription of genes involved in detoxification in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed after co-exposure to MAN (0, 5.5, and 11 μg L-1) and MET (0, 6.5, and 13 mg L-1) for 21 days. Exposure to MAN and MET induced a significant increase in the expression of genes related to detoxification mechanisms (Ces2, Cyp1a, and Mt2). Although Mt1 gene expression increased in fish exposed to 11 μg L-1 of MAN combined with 13 mg L-1 of MET, Mt1 expression was down-regulated significantly in other experimental groups (p < 0.05). The combined exposure to both fungicides showed synergistic effects in the expression levels that are manifested mainly at the highest concentration. Although a significant (p < 0.05) increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transaminases (AST and ALT), catalase activities, the total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the hepatocytes of fish exposed to MAN and MET alone and in combination was detected, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, and hepatic glycogen content decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Overall, these results emphasize that combined exposure to MET and MAN can synergistically affect the transcription of genes involved in detoxification (except Mt1 and Mt2) and biochemical indicators in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Shiva Sagvand
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), and CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad la Nutrición, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Nematdoost Haghi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Mentor Sopjani
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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3
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Ji C, Song Z, Tian Z, Feng Z, Fan L, Shou C, Zhao M. Enantioselectivity in the toxicological effects of chiral pesticides: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159656. [PMID: 36280076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a special category of pesticides, chiral pesticides have increased the difficulty in investigating pesticide toxicity. Based on their usage, chiral pesticides can be divided into insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Over the past decades, great efforts have been made on elucidating their toxicological effects. However, no literature has reviewed the enantioselective toxicity of chiral pesticides since 2014. In recent years, more chiral pesticides have been registered for application. As such, huge research progresses have been achieved in enantioselective toxicity of chiral pesticides. Generally, more researches have remedied the knowledge gap in toxicological effects of old and new chiral pesticides. And the toxicological endpoints being evaluated have become more specific rather than centering on basic toxicity and target organisms. Besides, the underlying mechanisms accounting for the enantioselectivity in toxicological effects of chiral pesticides have been discussed as well. All in all, this review provides the critical knowledge for risk assessments, and help to drive the green-technology of single- or enriched-enantiomer pesticides and formulation of relevant laws and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhongdi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhongling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zixuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Lele Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chenfei Shou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Zeng S, Peng Y, Ma J, Ge Y, Huang Y, Xie S, Yuan W, Lu C, Zhang H, Luo Q, Liao X, Lu H. Hematopoietic stem cell and immunotoxicity in zebrafish embryos induced by exposure to Metalaxyl-M. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152102. [PMID: 34863748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl-M (MM), a protective and therapeutic fungicide, has been shown to be a promising candidate, but its toxicity toward aquatic organisms is unknown. In this study, we evaluated for the first time the immunotoxicity of MM in zebrafish embryos. Phenotypes (heart rate, body length, and yolk area) and the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells in the thymus were analyzed in zebrafish embryo after exposure to MM. Our results showed that zebrafish embryos exposed to MM showed a concentration-dependent increase in the yolk area and a significant decrease in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and thymus T cells. We detected upregulated expression of related immune signaling genes, such as tnfa, nfkb3, cxcl-c1c, il6, mmp9, and tgfb1. Additionally, we observed a significant decrease in HSCs in zebrafish larvae after exposure to MM. IWR-1 could restore the number of neutrophils and macrophages after exposure to MM. The results indicated that MM exerted developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity to zebrafish embryos, and these phenomena may be caused by MM's regulation of WNT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Zeng
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yurui Ge
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuling Xie
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Ganzhou Cancer Hospital-Gannan Normal School Joint Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China.
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5
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Shen Y, Yao X, Jin S, Yang F. Enantiomer/stereoisomer-specific residues of metalaxyl, napropamide, triticonazole, and metconazole in agricultural soils across China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:773. [PMID: 34741224 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the residual status of four chiral pesticides including metalaxyl, napropamide, triticonazole, metconazole, and their enantiomers/stereoisomers were investigated in agricultural soils across China. The levels in the soils were detected as non-detected (n.d.)-16.67 ng/g for metalaxyl with a median of 0.14 ng/g; 0.004-32.99 ng/g for napropamide with a median of 0.29 ng/g; n.d.-207.39 ng/g for triticonazole with a median of 1.29 ng/g; and n.d.-71.83 ng/g for metconazole with a median of 1.03 ng/g, respectively. Enantiomer/stereoisomer-specific residues were observed for metalaxyl and triticonazole. R-Metalaxyl and R-triticonazole were identified as the major enantiomers in the soils for the two pesticides. There was no obvious enantioselective residue for napropamide in most of the soils. As for metconazole, metconazole-1 and metconazole-4 were identified as the major stereoisomers in the soils. These results suggest that enantiomer/stereoisomer-specific risk should be considered when assessing the ecological safety of these pesticides in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoshan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fangxing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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6
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You X, Suo F, Yin S, Wang X, Zheng H, Fang S, Zhang C, Li F, Li Y. Biochar decreased enantioselective uptake of chiral pesticide metalaxyl by lettuce and shifted bacterial community in agricultural soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126047. [PMID: 33992003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 35-day microcosmic experiment was conducted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and two metalaxyl (MET) enantiomers (R-MET and S-MET) to understand the roles of biochar in the enantioselective fate of chiral pesticides in soil-plant ecosystems. Wood waste-derived biochar (WBC) amendment effectively decreased the shoot concentrations of R-MET/S-MET and their metabolites R-MET/S-MET acid by 57.7-86.3% and 13.3-32.5%, respectively. The reduced uptake was mainly attributed to the decreased bioavailability of R-MET and S-MET. A lower fraction of R-MET was accumulated by the lettuce in the WBC-amended soils relative to the control, suggesting a decrease in the enantioselective uptake of the chiral pesticide MET in the presence of biochar. Regardless of the WBC amendment, no enantiomerization of MET or MET acid occurred. The application of WBC stimulated soil bacterial diversity, shifted the bacterial community, and enhanced the abundance of pesticide degrading bacteria (e.g., Luteimonas, Methylophilus, and Hydrogenophaga), which were responsible for the enantioselective degradation of MET in the soil. This work expands our understanding of the enantioselective fate of chiral pesticides in the biochar-amended soil ecosystems. These findings can be used to develop biochar-based technologies to remediate soils contaminated with these chiral pesticides to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei You
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fengyue Suo
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shaojing Yin
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100 China.
| | - Song Fang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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7
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Liu S, Deng X, Bai L. Developmental toxicity and transcriptome analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos following exposure to chiral herbicide safener benoxacor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143273. [PMID: 33190894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benoxacor, a chiral herbicide safener for S-metolachlor, has been detected in streams. However, the potential risk this poses to aquatic ecosystems is not clear. This study used zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model to assess the enantioselective toxicity of benoxacor and its effects on biological activity and development from 2 h to 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). Results showed that benoxacor had negative effects on hatchability, malformations, and mortality. Compared to either individual enantiomer, embryos exposed to Rac-benoxacor had higher acute and developmental toxicities, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities, and nrf 2 expression levels. They also had lower superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activity and krt 17, tbx 16, osx, cat, bcl 2, bax, and ifn expression levels. High-throughput RNA sequencing revealed that Rac-benoxacor had a greater effect on gene regulation than either enantiomer. Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses demonstrated that changes in oxidoreductase activity, cellular lipid metabolic process, and catalytic activity related genes may be due to the enantioselective effects of benoxacor isomers. These results suggest that the ecotoxicology data and safety knowledge about the effects of chiral benoxacor on zebrafish should be considered in future environmental risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xile Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China.
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8
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OuYang MN, Liu X, Guo HM, Lu ZH, Zhou DD, Yang ZH. The different toxic effects of metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M on Tubifex tubifex. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111587. [PMID: 33396110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M are the fungicides that widely used in many countries. In this study, the environmental behaviors between metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in Tubifex tubifex (T. tubifex) were quantitative analyzed by using a high performance liquid chromatography with photo-diode-array-detector (HPLC-DAD). Results demonstrated that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the concentration of metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in T. tubifex during the exposure process. However, the dissipation behaviors of metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in T. tubifex were different (p < 0.05) during the non-exposure culture process. Meanwhile, the toxic effects were also evaluated by comparing the different influences of these two compounds on related physiological indicators, and functional enzyme activities. The survival rates of T. tubifex were 63.33 ± 15.28% (20 mg L-1), 63.33 ± 5.77% (200 mg L-1) treated with metalaxyl and were 50.00 ± 10.00% (20 mg L-1), 46.67 ± 11.55 (200 mg L-1) treated with metalaxyl-M at the non-exposure culture process. The autotomy rates were increased significantly compared with the initial in all treatments. Besides, the activities of CAT, SOD, and GST in T. tubifex were also inhibited by metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M treatments. Finally, the high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology was applied to investigate the metabolic pathways of target analytes in T. tubifex, and results proved that the metabolic pathways associated with human diseases (such as viral myocarditis) were up-regulated expression for metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M treatments, and metalaxyl-M up-regulated more significantly. All the results demonstrated that metalaxyl-M had a higher toxicity than metalaxyl on T. tubifex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Nan OuYang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao-Ming Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Lu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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9
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Derbalah ASH, El-Banna A, Saad Allah M. Efficiency of Candida tropicalis for Potential Degradation of Metalaxyl in the Aqueous Media. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2991-2999. [PMID: 32683464 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradation of pesticides by bacteria, fungi, algae, and other organisms is an eco-friendly, efficient, and economical method of detoxification. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Candida tropicalis for potential degradation of metalaxyl in the aqueous media. The yeast fungus from soil with a historical application of metalaxyl has been isolated. The identification of isolated fungus was carried out using 28S rRNA. The effect of pH, temperature, and metalaxyl concentration on the growth of C. tropicalis and its ability for metalaxyl degradation was also investigated. The isolated fungus was identified as C. tropicalis based on the sequencing of D1D2 region of the 28S rRNA and BLAST search of the nucleotide sequences. The growth of C. tropicalis in the presence of metalaxyl was significantly higher than in the absence of it. A temperature of 30 °C, a pH value of 7, and metalaxyl concentration of 5 mg/L were the optimal conditions for C. tropicalis to grow and to obtain the highest degradation rate of metalaxyl. At the optimum conditions, the degradation rate and the half-life value of metalaxyl were 0.065 d-1 and 10.7 days, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, a 98% degradation of metalaxyl initial concentration obtained within 36 days. This report is novel in showing the biodegradation of metalaxyl in water by the yeast C. tropicalis, which can be a promising method in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Soliman Hamed Derbalah
- Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Antar El-Banna
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Saad Allah
- Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
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10
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Wu Y, Xu Z, Xu X, Fan L, Jiang X. Exposure to Metalaxyl Disturbs the Skeletal Development of Zebrafish Embryos. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:432-437. [PMID: 32072197 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl is broadly applied in agriculture to control peronosporales-caused diseases in plant. To investigate the toxic effects, zebrafish embryos were exposed to metalaxyl at 5, 50 and 500 ng/L for 72 h, the development of larvae were assessed. A significant decreased survival rate, body length, hatching rate (48 h post-fertilization), and a significant increased spinal curvature rate were observed in the 500 ng/L treatment. The lengths of lower jaw, upper jaw and hyomandibular were significantly decreased in the 5, 50 and 500 ng/L groups; while the lower jaw width was significantly increased in the 500 ng/L group. The lengths of palatoquadrate, ceratohyal and ethmoid plate were reduced. Though cyp26a1 mRNA levels showed no significant change, the transcription of bmp2b (in the 500 ng/L group), ihh (in the 50 and 500 ng/L groups), shh (in the 5, 50 and 500 ng/L groups) were significantly up-regulated, which may be related to the abnormal development of the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Wu
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhenyi Xu
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, Fujian, China
| | - Li Fan
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, Fujian, China
| | - Xianbiao Jiang
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, Fujian, China
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11
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Gu J, Cheng Y, Ji C, Tao Y, Zhao M. Analysis of the Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Metalaxyl Enantiomers in Adolescent Rat by Using 1H NMR Based Urinary Metabolomics. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1449-1457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yafei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ying Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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12
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El-Shershaby AEFM, Lashein FEDM, Seleem AA, Ahmed AA. Toxicological potential of penconazole on early embryogenesis of white mice Mus musculus in either pre- or post-implantation exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9943-9956. [PMID: 31927727 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of penconazole (PEN) fungicide on early embryogenesis of white mice. In the first experiment, 48 pregnant females were divided into different groups; the first group is control (G1). The second group (G2) was treated daily with PEN (30-, 20-, 10-, 5-mg/kg BW). The third group (G3) was treated with PEN (5-mg/kg BW; day after the other day). The fourth group (G4) was treated with PEN (2.5-mg/kg BW daily) during pre-implantation stage (from the 1st to the 4th day of gestation). The fifth group (G5) was treated with PEN (2.5-mg/kg BW daily) during post-implantation (from the 5th to the 8th day of gestation). The pregnant females were sacrificed at the 14th day of gestation. In the second experiment, 63 pregnant females were classified into control, PEN-treated during pre-implantation period (2.5-mg/kg BW), and PEN-administered during post-implantation period (2.5-mg/kg BW). Each group was sacrificed at stages E6.5, E7.5, E8.5, E9.5, E11.5, E14.5, and E18.5. The high doses of PEN in the first experiment showed failed pregnancy, foetoresorption, and embryo disorganization. High doses of PEN induce alterations in the uterus tissue at the level of histology and immunohistochemistry for the expression of TGFβ2, TNFR2, Caspase 10, and HSP70. The low doses of PEN in the second experiment showed upregulated expression of TGFβ2, TNFR2, Caspase 10, and HSP70 at stages E6.5 and E7.5. In conclusion, PEN was found to alter the suitable uterine environment for proper implantation and development at the levels of histological and immunohistochemical that could create a risk during the full course of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amin A Seleem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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13
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Chen M, Yang Q, Zhuang S, Lv L, Zuo Z, Wang C. Exposure to low-level metalaxyl impacts the cardiac development and function of zebrafish embryos. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 85:1-8. [PMID: 31471016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl is an anilide pesticide that is widely used to control plant diseases caused by Peronosporales species. In order to study the toxic effects, zebrafish embryos were exposed to metalaxyl at nominal concentrations of 5, 50 and 500 ng/L for 72 hr, and the cardiac development and functioning of larvae were observed. The results showed that metalaxyl exposure resulted in increased rates of pericardial edema, heart hemorrhage and cardiac malformation. The distance between the sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus, stroke volume, cardiac output and heart rate were significantly increased in larvae exposed to 50 and 500 ng/L metalaxyl compared to solvent control larvae. Significant upregulation in the transcription of tbx5, gata4 and myh6 was observed in the 50 and 500 ng/L treatments, and that of nkx2.5 and myl7 was observed in the 5, 50 and 500 ng/L groups. These disturbances may be related to cardiac developmental and functional defects in the larvae. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase was significantly increased in zebrafish embryos exposed to 500 ng/L metalaxyl, and the mRNA levels of genes related to ATPase (atp2a11, atp1b2b, and atp1a3b) (in the 50 and 500 ng/L groups) and calcium channels (cacna1ab) (in the 500 ng/L group) were significantly downregulated; these changes might be associated with heart arrhythmia and functional failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Wu
- Wuyi University, College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyishan 354300, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shanshan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liangju Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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14
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Icoglu Aksakal F, Ciltas A. Developmental toxicity of penconazole in Zebrfish (Danio rerio) embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:8-15. [PMID: 29471168 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Penconazole is a widely used fungicide that is toxic to a variety of organisms including fish. In the present study, we investigated the developmental toxicity of penconazole on zebrafish embryos by exposing to different concentrations of penconazole (0.8, 1.6 and 2.4 mg/L) from 4-h post-fertilization (hpf). Hatching, survival, and heart rates, body length, malformation and expression of several genes were detected. The results showed that penconazole exposure induced developmental toxicity, including delayed hatching, reduced survival, and heart rate. In addition to this, exposure to penconazole caused malformations, including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, axial malformation, tail malformation and spinal curvature. Furthermore, RT-PCR results showed that mRNA levels of antioxidant genes were down-regulated after penconazole exposure. On the other hand, mRNA levels of interleukin 1 beta and interferon in embryos were up-regulated after exposure to penconazole. In summary, our data indicated that penconazole cause embryonic development toxicity on zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Icoglu Aksakal
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Abdulkadir Ciltas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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15
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Du J, Zhao M. Environmentally relevant levels of λ-cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin cause developmental toxicity and disrupt endocrine system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:1173-1180. [PMID: 28772355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) are one of the most widely used pesticides and frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Previous studies have shown that SPs posed high aquatic toxicity, but information on the developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption on zebrafish (Danio rerio) at environmentally relevant concentrations is limited. In this study, zebrafish embryos were employed to examine the adverse effects of λ-cyhalothrin (LCT), fenvalerate (FEN), and permethrin (PM) at 2.5, 10, 25, 125, 500 nM for 96 h. The results showed these 3 SPs caused dose-dependent mortality, malformation rate, and hatching rate. Thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) levels were significantly decreased after exposure to LCT and FEN. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was then performed on a series of nuclear receptors (NRs) genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axes, and oxidative-stress-related system. Our results showed that LCT, FEN, and PM downregulated AR expression while upregulated ER1 expression, and caused alteration to ER2a and ER2b expression. As for the expression of TRα and TRβ, they were both decreased following exposure to the 3 SPs. LCT and PM downregulated the MR expression and FEN induced MR expression. In addition, the expression of GR was increased after treating with LCT, while it was suppressed after exposure to FEN and PM. The 3 SPs also caused various alterations to the expression of genes including AhRs, PPARα, and PXR. These findings suggest that these 3 SPs may cause developmental toxicity to zebrafish larvae by disrupting endocrine signaling at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China.
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16
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Di S, Liu R, Cheng C, Chen L, Zhang W, Tian Z, Liu C, Zhou Z, Diao J. Biomarkers in Tubifex tubifex for the metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M toxicity assessment in artificial sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3618-3625. [PMID: 27882496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficacy and potential environmental risks should be considered when applying enantiopure pesticides. In this study, Tubifex tubifex and its oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed for the toxicity of metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M in sediment. The toxicity assessment was conducted with artificial sediment and reconstituted water. Five test concentrations (from 0 to 100 mg/kg) were set for the short-term (4 days) exposure. The long-term (28 days) exposure was conducted with the environmental concentration (from 0.5 to 5 mg/kg). For the short-term exposure, the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed, and a clear concentration-response relationship was found in the metalaxyl treatments. The decrease of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity could be caused by oxidative stress. The decrease of glutathione (GSH) content and the increase of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) might be due to antioxidation defense and detoxification mechanisms. The increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) might be due to the saturation of antioxidant systems and the accumulation and toxicity of contaminations. In the long-term exposure, the changes of biomarkers in T. tubifex reflected the oxidative stress and detoxification metabolisms. GSH and the related enzymes were important in detoxification processes and involved in the oxidative stress in toxicity mechanism. The long-term direct contact bioassay is sensitive and appropriate to reflect the lower concentration of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiquan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongnan Tian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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