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He D, Ji H, Liu T, Yang M, Clowes R, Little MA, Liu M, Cooper AI. Self-Assembly of Chiral Porous Metal-Organic Polyhedra from Trianglsalen Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17438-17445. [PMID: 38860872 PMCID: PMC11212058 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) can exhibit tunable porosity and functionality, suggesting potential for applications such as molecular separations. MOPs are typically constructed by the bottom-up multicomponent self-assembly of organic ligands and metal ions, and the final functionality can be hard to program. Here, we used trianglsalen macrocycles as preorganized building blocks to assemble octahedral-shaped MOPs. The resultant MOPs inherit most of the preorganized properties of the macrocyclic ligands, including their well-defined cavities and chirality. As a result, the porosity in the MOPs could be tuned by modifying the structure of the macrocycle building blocks. Using this strategy, we could systematically enlarge the size of the MOPs from 26.3 to 32.1 Å by increasing the macrocycle size. The family of MOPs shows experimental surface areas of up to 820 m2/g, and they are stable in water. One of these MOPs can efficiently separate the rare gases Xe from Kr because the prefabricated macrocyclic windows of MOPs can be modified to sit at the Xe/Kr size cutoff range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin He
- Materials
Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Heng Ji
- ZJU-Hangzhou
Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Materials
Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Miao Yang
- ZJU-Hangzhou
Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rob Clowes
- Materials
Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Marc A. Little
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Ming Liu
- ZJU-Hangzhou
Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Materials
Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
- Leverhulme
Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
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2
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Pescitelli G. ECD exciton chirality method today: a modern tool for determining absolute configurations. Chirality 2021; 34:333-363. [PMID: 34791704 PMCID: PMC9299504 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The application of the exciton chirality method (ECM) to interpret electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra is a well‐established and still popular approach to assign the absolute configuration (AC) of natural products, chiral organic compounds, and organometallic species. The method applies to compounds containing at least two chromophores with electric dipole allowed transitions (e.g., π–π* transitions). The exciton chirality rule correlates the sign of an exciton couplet (two ECD bands with opposite sign and similar intensity) with the overall molecular stereochemistry, including the AC. A correct application of the ECM requires three main prerequisites: (a) the knowledge of the molecular conformation, (b) the knowledge of the directions of the electric transition moments (TDMs), and (c) the assumption that the exciton coupling mechanism must be the major source of the observed ECD signals. All these prerequisites can be easily verified by means of quantum‐mechanical (QM) calculations. In the present review, we shortly introduce the general principles that underpin the use of the ECM for configurational assignments and survey its applications, both classic ones and some reported in the recent literature. Based on these examples, we will stress the advantages of the ECM but also the key requisites for its correct application. Additionally, we will discuss the dependence of the couplet sign on geometrical parameters (angles α,β,γ between TDMs), which can be helpful for discerning the sign of exciton chirality in ambiguous situations. Finally, we will present a molecular orbital (MO) description of the exciton coupling phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Mazzeo G, Santoro E, Abbate S, Zonta C, Fabris F, Longhi G. Testing the vibrational exciton and the local mode models on the instructive cases of dicarvone, dipinocarvone, and dimenthol vibrational circular dichroism spectra. Chirality 2020; 32:907-921. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità di Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Ernesto Santoro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità di Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità di Brescia Brescia Italy
- Research Unit of BresciaIstituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR Brescia Italy
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fabris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e NanosistemiUniversità Ca' Foscari Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e TraslazionaleUniversità di Brescia Brescia Italy
- Research Unit of BresciaIstituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR Brescia Italy
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4
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Szabó M, Kleineisel M, Németh K, Domján A, Vass E, Szilvágyi G. Twisted paddlewheel rhodium complexes: Contribution of central and axial chirality to ECD, VCD, and NMR spectra. Chirality 2020; 32:446-456. [PMID: 32031731 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dirhodium complexes bearing N-substituted chiral amino acid ligands are investigated. These complexes have an unusual twisted paddlewheel structure, showing inherent chirality. We would like to demonstrate that parallel application of chiroptical spectroscopic methods (ECD and VCD) and NMR spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations constitutes a powerful tool to determine the configuration of the complexes unequivocally. Two chiroptical methods are needed to determine the absolute configuration: ECD for the coordinated nitrogen atom and VCD for the rhodium core. A quick to use NMR method is also presented: Upon the coordination of small molecules in the axial position, the relative configuration of both the rhodium core and the nitrogen atom can be determined simultaneously by studying spatial proximities provided by 1D NOE spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Szabó
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,NMR Laboratory, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Kleineisel
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- MS Metabolomics Laboratory, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Domján
- NMR Laboratory, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Instrumentation Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elemér Vass
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Górczyńska S, Brzdonkiewicz A, Jelecki M, Czapik A, Stasiak B, Kwit M. Trityl-Containing Alcohols-An Efficient Chirality Transmission Process from Inductor to the Stereodynamic Propeller and their Solid-State Structural Diversity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030707. [PMID: 32041345 PMCID: PMC7036902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cascade process of a dynamic chirality transmission from the permanent chirality center to the stereodynamic triphenylmethyl group has been studied for series of optically active trityl derivatives. The structural analysis, carried out with the use of complementary methods, enabled us to determine the mechanism of chirality transfer. The process of chirality transmission involves a set of weak but complementary electrostatic interactions. The induction of helicity in a trityl propeller is revealed by rising non-zero cotton effects in the area of trityl UV-absorption. The presence of an additional stereogenic center in close proximity to the trityl-containing stereogenic center significantly affects the sign and, to a lesser extent, magnitude of the respective cotton effects. Despite the bulkiness of the trityl, in the crystalline phase, the molecules under study strictly fill the space. In the crystal, molecules form aggregates stabilized by OH•••O hydrogen bonds. However, the presence of two trityl groups precludes formation of OH•••O hydrogen bonding. Additionally, the trityl group seems to be responsible for the formation of the solid solutions by e.g., racemates of trans- and cis-2-tritylcyclohexanol. Therefore, the trityl group acts as a supramolecular protective group, which in turn can be used in the crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Górczyńska
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Brzdonkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Maciej Jelecki
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Stasiak
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
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6
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Abstract
It is well established that chiroptical responses, based on the unique reaction to circularly polarized light by chiral non-racemic systems, are sensitive to the stereochemistry of the featuring systems. This behavior has promoted the use of chiroptical spectroscopies as a mandatory tool in the structure determination of molecules for decades. Recently, the higher sensitivity of chiroptical techniques compared to the conventional UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies or electrochemistry has awakened much interest in the development of chiroptical everyday applications. While chiroptical responses could be predicted by ab initio calculations, large systems calculated at a high level of theory may have an important computational cost; therefore, more intuitive methods are desired to design systems with tailored chiroptical responses. In this regard, the exciton chirality method has been often used in conformationally stable systems incorporating at least two independent chromophores. Taking this method into consideration, in our previous work, we described the chiroptical symmetry analysis (CSA) based on symmetry selection rules. To explore the scope of the CSA, herein we perform the chiroptical symmetry analysis of diverse trianglimines and draw general conclusions to assist on the design of chiroptical systems with high symmetry.
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Prusinowska N, Bardziński M, Janiak A, Skowronek P, Kwit M. Sterically Crowded Trianglimines-Synthesis, Structure, Solid-State Self-Assembly, and Unexpected Chiroptical Properties. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2691-2699. [PMID: 29953724 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chiral, triangular-shape hexaimine macrocycles (trianglimines), bearing bulky alkynyl or aryl substituents were synthesized and studied by means of experimental and theoretical methods. The macrocyclization reactions are driven by the extraordinary stability of the trianglimine ring and provided products with high yields. Electrostatic repulsion between imine nitrogen atoms and the substituents forced an anti conformation of the aromatic linkers. Although the DFT-optimized structure of 7 is D3 symmetrical, in the crystal, the macrocycle adopts a bowl-like molecular shape. The macrocycle self-assembles into tail-to-tail dimers by mutual interdigitation of aromatic moieties. In contrast, macrocycle 8 adopts a rigid pillararene-like conformation. The nature of the substituent significantly affects the electronic properties of the linker. As a result, unexpectedly high exciton Cotton effects are observed in the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The origin of these effects was subject of an in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies AMU, Umultowska 89C, 61 614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bardziński
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Skowronek
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614, Poznan, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies AMU, Umultowska 89C, 61 614, Poznań, Poland
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8
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Kwit M, Grajewski J, Skowronek P, Zgorzelak M, Gawroński J. One‐Step Construction of the Shape Persistent, Chiral But Symmetrical Polyimine Macrocycles. CHEM REC 2018; 19:213-237. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kwit
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced TechnologiesA. Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89C 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Jakub Grajewski
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Paweł Skowronek
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Mikołaj Zgorzelak
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
| | - Jacek Gawroński
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89B 61 614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced TechnologiesA. Mickiewicz University Umultowska 89C 61 614 Poznań Poland
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9
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Szymkowiak J, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Kwit M. Consistent supramolecular assembly arising from a mixture of components – self-sorting and solid solutions of chiral oxygenated trianglimines. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The formation of trianglimines and their aggregates is stereoselective, and uniformly chiral macrocycles differing in chemical composition crystallize as solid solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szymkowiak
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
| | | | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies
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