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Pastoors J, Baltin C, Bettmer J, Deitert A, Götzen T, Michel C, Deischter J, Schroll I, Biselli A, Palkovits R, Rose M, Jupke A, Büchs J. Respiration-based investigation of adsorbent-bioprocess compatibility. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:49. [PMID: 36934285 PMCID: PMC10024846 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficiency of downstream processes plays a crucial role in the transition from conventional petrochemical processes to sustainable biotechnological production routes. One promising candidate for product separation from fermentations with low energy demand and high selectivity is the adsorption of the target product on hydrophobic adsorbents. However, only limited knowledge exists about the interaction of these adsorbents and the bioprocess. The bioprocess could possibly be harmed by the release of inhibitory components from the adsorbent surface. Another possibility is co-adsorption of essential nutrients, especially in an in situ application, making these nutrients unavailable to the applied microorganism. RESULTS A test protocol investigating adsorbent-bioprocess compatibility was designed and applied on a variety of adsorbents. Inhibitor release and nutrient adsorption was studied in an isolated manner. Respiratory data recorded by a RAMOS device was used to assess the influence of the adsorbents on the cultivation in three different microbial systems for up to six different adsorbents per system. While no inhibitor release was detected in our investigations, adsorption of different essential nutrients was observed. CONCLUSION The application of adsorption for product recovery from the bioprocess was proven to be generally possible, but nutrient adsorption has to be assessed for each application individually. To account for nutrient adsorption, adsorptive product separation should only be applied after sufficient microbial growth. Moreover, concentrations of co-adsorbed nutrients need to be increased to compensate nutrient loss. The presented protocol enables an investigation of adsorbent-bioprocess compatibility with high-throughput and limited effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pastoors
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chris Baltin
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Bettmer
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Deitert
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Götzen
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Michel
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeff Deischter
- ITMC - Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabel Schroll
- Chemical Technology II, Department of Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Biselli
- AVT - Fluid Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- ITMC - Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Rose
- Chemical Technology II, Department of Chemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- AVT - Fluid Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Aumeier BM, Augustin A, Thönes M, Sablotny J, Wintgens T, Wessling M. Linking the effect of temperature on adsorption from aqueous solution with solute dissociation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128291. [PMID: 35236034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Imperative decarbonization of water purification processes entails alternative regeneration methods for activated carbon. Regeneration based on changing dissociation equilibria, i.e. a major influencing factor on adsorption, usually requires the addition of acids/bases, but may also be triggered by temperature swing. Although adsorption and dissociation are both temperature-dependent phenomena, their conjunction has received little attention regarding trace organic compounds (TrOCs) and large temperature intervals, in particular above ΔT ≥ 50 ∘C. Therefore, we studied the adsorption equilibria of 16 TrOCs onto one granular activated carbon at temperatures ranging from 20 to 95 ∘C. The majority of compounds (12/16) exhibited an exothermic apparent adsorption enthalpy, while 3 out of 16 exhibited an endothermic apparent enthalpy. The range spanned from - 46 to + 50 kJ mol-1 (median at - 17 kJ mol-1). The possible origins of endothermic adsorption were discussed. A rationale of shifting pKa and thus changing dissociation of TrOCs was introduced and traded off against existing rationales, i.e. changing solute solubility, changing adsorption heat capacity, and saturation effects of the adsorbates. This knowledge may allow designing temperature swing adsorption processes that unlock the dissociation switch. The augmented process efficiency can thus provide the foundation for low-carbon emission, circular water purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt M Aumeier
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Augustin
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Thönes
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Sablotny
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wintgens
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Deischter J, Wolter N, Palkovits R. Tailoring Activated Carbons for Efficient Downstream Processing: Selective Liquid-Phase Adsorption of Lysine. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3614-3621. [PMID: 32421219 PMCID: PMC7496951 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The essential amino acid lysine is of great importance in the nutrition and pharmaceutical industries and is mainly produced in biorefineries by the fermentation of glucose. In biorefineries, downstream processing is often the most energy-consuming step. Adsorption on hydrophobic adsorbents represents an energy, resource, and cost-saving alternative. The results reported herein provide insights into the selective separation of l-lysine from aqueous solution by liquid-phase adsorption using tailored activated carbons. A variety of commercial activated carbons with different textural properties and surface functionalities is investigated. Comprehensive adsorbent characterization establishes structure-adsorption relationships that define the major roles of the specific surface area and oxygen functionalities. A 13-fold increase of the separation of lysine and glucose is achieved through systematic modification of a selected activated carbon by oxidation, and lysine adsorption is enhanced by 30 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Deischter
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Nadja Wolter
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 252074AachenGermany
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Zhao Y, Xu J, Wang J, Wu J, Gao M, Zheng B, Xu H, Shi Q, Dong J. Adsorptive Separation of Furfural/5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in MAF-5 with Ellipsoidal Pores. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Meizhen Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Jinxiang Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
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Rübenach L, Lins J, Koh E, Rose M. Towards Sustainable Lactic Acid Production: Avoiding Gypsum as a Byproduct by using Selective Liquid-Phase Adsorption. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3627-3634. [PMID: 31070859 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of biomass is one of the major challenges for the transition from fossil to renewable resources. Often, the separation of the desired product from the reaction mixture is the most energy-intensive step. Liquid-phase adsorption is a promising separation technology that could significantly improve downstream processing in biorefineries. Highly hydrophobic adsorbents were applied for the separation of lactic acid (LA) from aqueous solutions and to avoid the formation of gypsum as a byproduct. High uptakes and selectivity were obtained in single-solute and co-adsorption experiments. Porous hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCP) and polymer-based spherical activated carbon performed best and showed excellent selectivity for the selective removal of LA. Desorption experiments revealed that HCP was the ideal adsorbent for the separation of LA from aqueous solution and enabled the production of gypsum-free LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Rübenach
- Ernst-Berl-Institut, Technische Chemie II, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jonas Lins
- Ernst-Berl-Institut, Technische Chemie II, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ezra Koh
- Ernst-Berl-Institut, Technische Chemie II, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marcus Rose
- Ernst-Berl-Institut, Technische Chemie II, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Aumeier BM, Dang AHQ, Ohs B, Yüce S, Wessling M. Aqueous-Phase Temperature Swing Adsorption for Pesticide Removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:919-927. [PMID: 30561983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, activated carbon adsorption for water treatment regained substantial attention due to the emerging task to remove trace organic compounds such as pesticides. In many applications, especially in decentralized water treatment, one major drawback of adsorbents is their limited recyclability due to inadequate logistics or uneconomical reactivation. In this lab-scale study, we present the temperature swing adsorption in the aqueous phase that allows the in situ regeneration of fixed-bed adsorbers, and prove its technical feasibility. Complying with circular water economy principles, we eliminated the pivotal need for regular replacement and consumables by employing only clean water instead of dedicated regeneration solutions. Adsorption of the herbicide amitrole in aqueous solution on granular activated carbon was exothermic (Δ H = -14.4 ± 3.2 kJ mol-1 for T = 20-94 °C) and followed the Freundlich model. The proposed method consisting of a short counterflow flush with liquid water at 125 °C effectively regenerated the adsorbent. Hence, we obtained a cyclic steady state operation with breakthrough after 122 ± 14 bed volumes (at cout/ cin = 0.2), cycle-average rejection of 90 ± 1%, and water recovery of up to 78 ± 4%. No thermal aging of adsorbent was observed over the investigated 17 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt M Aumeier
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering , Forckenbeckstrasse 51 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Anh H Q Dang
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering , Forckenbeckstrasse 51 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Burkhard Ohs
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering , Forckenbeckstrasse 51 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Süleyman Yüce
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering , Forckenbeckstrasse 51 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Chemical Process Engineering , Forckenbeckstrasse 51 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstrasse 50 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
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Müller T, Dixon JT, Haumann M, Wasserscheid P. Trimerization and tetramerization of ethylene in continuous gas-phase reaction using a Cr-based supported liquid phase catalyst. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective tri- and tetramerization of ethylene in continuous operation was achieved by immobilization of the homogeneous chromium catalyst plus MAO co-catalyst in a thin film of high boiling hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Müller
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | | | - Marco Haumann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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