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Ren M, Zhang H, Fan Y, Wang D, Cao R, Gao Y, Chen J. Inhibition Effect and Mechanism of Thiourea on Electrophilic Chlorination of Aromatics in Combustion Flue Gas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:700-708. [PMID: 33125217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiourea can effectively inhibit the formation of highly toxic chlorinated aromatics in postcombustion zone. However, the inhibition mechanism was still not adequately understood. In this study, naphthalene was adopted as a model aromatic compound to investigate the inhibition effect and mechanism of thiourea on the formation of chlorinated aromatics via electrophilic chlorination over Cu and Fe chlorides. Thiourea addition resulted in the reductions of 77.6-99.8% and 36.4-98.1% in the yield of polychlorinated naphthalenes from naphthalene chlorination mediated by CuCl2 and FeCl3 at 150-300 °C, respectively. The inhibition efficiency of chlorination presented a decreasing tendency with increasing reaction temperature and O2 content in flue gas. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the thiourea-induced reduction of highly active Cu (II) and Fe (III) chlorides to less active Cu (I) and Fe (II) chlorides was a primary mechanism for inhibiting aromatic chlorination. [thiourea-Cu]+ complex generated during the reduction process could be transformed into CuS and Cu2S, and isomeric reaction product NH4SCN could react with Cu2+ to produce Cu(SCN)2 and then also form Cu sulfides, suggesting sulfidization of Cu chloride was another important inhibition mechanism. Chlorination inhibition induced by the volatile decomposition products of thiourea might only play a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yun Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Dan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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Deng X, Wang C, Yang H, Shao M, Zhang S, Wang X, Ding M, Huang J, Xu X. One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of CdS decorated CuS microflower-like structures for enhanced photocatalytic properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3877. [PMID: 28634397 PMCID: PMC5478623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CdS decorated CuS structures have been controllably synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method. The morphologies and compositions of the as-prepared samples could be concurrently well controlled by simply tuning the amount of CdCl2 and thiourea. Using this strategy, the morphology of the products experienced from messy to flower-like morphologies with multiple porous densities, together with the phase evolution from pure CuS to the CdS/CuS composites. Serving as a photocatalyst, the samples synthesized with the addition of 1 mmol cadmium chloride and 3 mmol thiourea during synthetic process, showed the best photocatalytic activity, which could reach a maximum photocatalytic efficiency of 93% for methyl orange (MO) photodegradation after 150 min. The possible mechanism for the high photocatalytic efficiency of the sample was proposed by investigating the composition, surface area, structure, and morphology before and after photocatalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxin Zhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxin Zhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcen Yang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxin Zhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Shao
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxin Zhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouwei Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxin Zhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxin Zhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Ding
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxin Zhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhao Huang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxin Zhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xijin Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 Nanxin Zhuang West Road, Jinan, 250022, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Guo D, Guo H, Ke Y, Wang D, Chen J, Wang Q, Weng W. Facile one-step mechanochemical synthesis of [Cu(tu)]Cl·1/2H2O nanobelts for high-performance supercapacitor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile one-step mechanochemical process from CuCl2·2H2O and thiourea to fabricate novel [Cu(tu)]Cl·1/2H2O nanobelts has been observed for the first time, and the nanobelts were used as an electrode material for a supercapacitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Guo
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Hongxu Guo
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Yingchang Ke
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
| | - Wen Weng
- College of Chemistry & Environmental
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- P. R. China
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Koczkur KM, Mourdikoudis S, Polavarapu L, Skrabalak SE. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in nanoparticle synthesis. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:17883-905. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02964c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 911] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The versatile role of PVP in nanoparticle synthesis is discussed in this Perspective article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group
- Department of Physics and CeNS
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
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Zhang YQ, Zhang BP, Ge ZH, Zhu LF, Li Y. Preparation by Solvothermal Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Photocatalytic Performance of CuS Nanopowders. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang YQ, Zhang BP, Zhu LF. Monodisperse CuS nanodisks: low-temperature solvothermal synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controllable synthesis of uniformly disk-shaped CuS nanostructures with a narrow size distribution was realized by a low-temperature (150 °C) solvothermal process using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo-Ping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083, China
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