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Zhu S, Wu W, Hong D, Chai F, Huang Z, Zhu X, Zhou S, Wang S. Synthesis and Reactivity of the Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Bearing the Indol-2-yl-Based NCN Pincer Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14860-14875. [PMID: 39069833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The pincer rare-earth dialkyl complexes [κ3-LRE(CH2SiMe3)2 (RE = Lu(1a), Yb(1b), Er(1c), Y(1d), Dy(1e))] with the indol-2-yl-based NCN pincer ligand were synthesized by the reactions of the proligand HL (L = 1-Me2NCH2CH2-3-(2-iPrC6H5N═CH)C8H4N) with RE(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2. These complexes exhibited a variety of reactivities toward organic compounds such as amines, triphenylphosphine ylide, N-phenylimidazole, pyridine derivatives, and o-carborane leading to σ-bond metathesis, migration insertion, and redox reaction products. The reactions of the dialkyl rare-earth metal complexes with o-carborane afforded the novel NCN pincer-ligated carboryne-based metallacyclopropanes which reacted with diphenyl ketone to give insertion products of the RE-C2-ind and one of the RE-Ccage bonds, while the reaction of the carboryne-based metallacyclopropanes with diphenyldiazomethane produced the di-aza-metallacyclopentanes via the insertions of the N═N bond of the diphenyldiazomethane into two RE-Ccage bonds and the RE-C2-ind bond. The reactions of the dialkyl complexes with 2 equiv of 2,2'-bipyridine afforded the pincer-ligated bis(2,2'-bipyridyl monoanionic radical) complexes via the homolytic redox reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Fuxiang Chai
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Jiang W, Rajeshkumar T, Guo M, Lin Y, Maron L, Zhang L. Rare-earth metal ethylene and ethyne complexes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3495-3501. [PMID: 38455028 PMCID: PMC10915835 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Guanidinate homometallic rare-earth ethyl complexes [LLn(μ2-η1:η2-Et)(Et)]2 (Ln = Y(1-Y), Lu(1-Lu)) and heterobimetallic rare-earth ethyl complexes LLn(Et)(μ2-η1:η2-Et)(μ2-η1-Et)(AlEt2) (Ln = Y(2-Y), Lu(2-Lu)) have been synthesized by the treatment of LLn(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2 (L = (PhCH2)2NC(NC6H3iPr2-2,6)2) with different equivalents of AlEt3 in toluene at ambient temperature. Interestingly, the unprecedented rare-earth ethyne complex [LY(μ2-η1-Et)2(AlEt)]2(μ4-η1:η1:η2:η2-C2H2) (3-Y) containing a [C2H2]4- unit was afforded from 2-Y. The formation mechanism study on 3-Y was carried out by DFT calculations. Furthermore, the nature of the bonding of 3-Y was also revealed by NBO analysis. The reactions of LLn(CH2 C6H4NMe2-o)2 (Ln = Y, Lu) with AlEt3 (4 equiv.) in toluene at 50 °C produced firstly the non-Cp rare-earth ethylene complex LY(μ3-η1:η1:η2-C2H4)[(μ2-η1-Et)(AlEt2)(μ2-η1-Et)2(AlEt)] (4-Y), and the Y/Al ethyl complex LY[(μ2-η1-Et)2(AlEt2)]2 (5-Y) as an intermediate of 4-Y was isolated from the reaction of LY(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2 with AlEt3 (4 equiv.) in toluene at -10 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Jiangwan Campus Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | | | - Mengyue Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Jiangwan Campus Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Yuejian Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Jiangwan Campus Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | | | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Jiangwan Campus Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
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Jiang W, Kong F, Del Rosal I, Li M, Wang K, Maron L, Zhang L. A binuclear guanidinate yttrium carbyne complex: unique reactivity toward unsaturated C-N, C-O and C-S bonds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9154-9160. [PMID: 37655032 PMCID: PMC10466373 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03483f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A guanidinato-stabilized binuclear yttrium carbyne complex [(PhCH2)2NC(NC6H3iPr2-2,6)2]2Y2(μ2-Me)(AlMe3)2(μ4-CH) (1) was synthesized via C-H bond activation and its versatile reactivities were investigated. Complex 1 underwent σ-bond metathesis with PhSSPh and nucleophilic addition with PhCN to form the corresponding yttrium thiolate complex 3 and aza-allyl complex 4 respectively. Additionally, the rare yttrium carbide complex 5 was also prepared by treatment of complex 1 with S8. Interestingly, in the reaction with PhNCS, the C[double bond, length as m-dash]S double bond was cleaved, followed by C-H bond activation to give the yttrium sulfide complex 7 with a ketenimine dianion ligand. Unexpectedly, the reaction of complex 1 with CO (1 atm) resulted in deoxygenative coupling of CO, to afford mono- or dioxo-yttrium complexes at different temperatures. The mechanism of the possible formation processes of complexes 3 and 9 was elucidated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Jiangwan Campus Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Feng Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Jiangwan Campus Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | | | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Jiangwan Campus Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Jiangwan Campus Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | | | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Jiangwan Campus Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
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Fang W, Zhu Q, Zhu C. Recent advances in heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds: synthesis, reactivity and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8434-8449. [PMID: 36164971 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the heterometallic synergistic effects from different metals, heterometallic clusters are of great importance in small-molecule activation and catalysis. For example, both biological nitrogen fixation and photosynthetic splitting of water into oxygen are thought to involve multimetallic catalytic sites with d-block transition metals. Benefitting from the larger coordination numbers of f-block metals (rare-earth metals and actinide elements), heterometallic clusters containing f-block metal-metal bonds have long attracted the interest of both experimental and theoretical chemists. Therefore, a series of effective strategies or platforms have been developed in recent years for the construction of heterometallic clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds. More importantly, synergistic effects between f-block metals and transition metals have been observed in small-molecule activation and catalysis. This tutorial review highlights the recent advances in the construction of heterometallic molecular clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also their reactivities and applications. It is hoped that this tutorial review will persuade chemists to develop more efficient strategies to construct clusters with f-block metal-metal bonds and also further expand their applications with heterometallic synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Deng P, Shi X, Gong X, Cheng J. Trinuclear scandium methylidyne complexes stabilized by pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6436-6439. [PMID: 34095916 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of scandium methylidyne complexes [(Cp*)Sc(μ2-X)]3(μ3-CH) (Cp* = C5Me5; X = Br, Me, OMe), free of Lewis acids, can be achieved in high yields from [(Cp*)ScMe2]2 through a facile route. The chemical and geometrical flexibility to incorporate organic substrates indicates a rich chemistry of complex [(Cp*)Sc(μ2-OMe)]3(μ3-CH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Xianghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Xun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625, Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
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Xu C, Ye Z, Xiang L, Yang S, Peng Q, Leng X, Chen Y. Insertion of Metal‐Substituted Silylene into Naphthalene's Aromatic Ring and Subsequent Rearrangement for Silaspiro‐Benzocycloheptenyl and Cyclobutenosilaindan Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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Xu C, Ye Z, Xiang L, Yang S, Peng Q, Leng X, Chen Y. Insertion of Metal-Substituted Silylene into Naphthalene's Aromatic Ring and Subsequent Rearrangement for Silaspiro-Benzocycloheptenyl and Cyclobutenosilaindan Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3189-3195. [PMID: 33108013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of silacycle compounds are of fundamental and application importance. Herein we report the first example of insertion of metal-substituted silylene fragment into naphthalene's aromatic ring. More significantly, this insertion is followed by interesting rearrangements to yield silaspiro-benzocycloheptenyl and cyclobutenosilaindan derivatives. The formation of cyclobutenosilaindan derivative includes the C-C bond cleavage and 4π electrocyclization steps; the formation of silaspiro-benzocycloheptenyl derivative is more complicated, including the C-C bond cleavage, reversible 4π electrocyclization, C-H bond activation and C-Si bond cleavage. DFT investigations were carried out to shed light on the mechanistic aspects of these two rearrangements. The formed cyclobutenosilaindan potassium can readily react with PhOH, MeOTf, EtOTf, PhCH2 Cl or PhCOCl at room temperature to afford the hydrogen, alkyl, benzyl or benzoyl substituted cyclobutenosilaindans in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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Zhu X, Guo D, Huang Z, Sheng T, Wang S, Pan M, Zha L, Zhou S. Dehydrogenative Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with O/N-Based Monohydrosilanes Catalyzed by Rare-Earth Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14152-14161. [PMID: 32955245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Newly synthesized rare-earth metal alkyl complexes bearing a tripyrrolyl ligand act as excellent precatalysts for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling between various terminal alkynes and O/N-based monohydrosilanes of HSi(OEt)3/HSi(NMe2)3, leading to the formation of a variety of alkoxysilylalkyne and aminosilylalkyne derivatives in good to high yields. The precatalysts LRE(CH2SiMe3)(thf)2 (RE = Y(1a), Er(1b), Yb(1c), L = 2,5-[(2-C4H3N)CPh2]2(C4H2NMe), thf = tetrahydrofuran) were easily prepared in high yields via the reactions of RE(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)2 with the proligand H2L in a single step. Mechanistic studies reveal that treatment of 1 with phenylacetylene could generate the active catalytic species: dinuclear rare-earth metal alkynides (L(thf)n[RE(μ-C≡CPh)]2L) (RE = Y(5a), n = 1; Yb(5c), n = 0), which could react with HSi(OEt)3 to produce the coupling product 4aa and the dinuclear rare-earth metal hydrides (L (thf)[RE(μ-H)]2L) (RE = Y(6a); Yb(6c)). By contrast, prior treatment of 1c with HSi(OEt)3 proceeds via cleavage of the Si-O bond to produce the dinuclear ytterbium alkoxide (LYb(μ-OEt))2 7c, which is inert in the dehydrogenative coupling reaction. The results of the mechanistic studies are consistent with the observation that the reaction is greatly influenced by the addition sequence of precatalyst/alkynes/silanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Dianjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Tian Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, P. R. China.,Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zha
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, P. R. China
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Bayer U, Anwander R. Carbonyl group and carbon dioxide activation by rare-earth-metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17472-17493. [PMID: 33232414 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rare-earth elements (Ln = Sc, Y, La-Lu) are widely used in stoichiometric and catalytic carbonyl group transformations. Sufficient availability, non-toxicity, high oxophilicity, tunable ion size/Lewis acidity and enhanced ligand exchangeability have been major driving factors for their successful implementation. Routinely employed reagents for stoichiometric carbonyl group transformations are divalent ytterbium and samarium compounds (e.g., ketone reduction), bimetallic CeCl3/LiR (C-C coupling), or ceric ammonium nitrate CAN (cyclic ketone oxidation). Rare-earth-metal triflates, and in particular Sc(OTf)3, are prominent examples of Lewis acid catalysts for versatile use in organic synthesis (e.g., Aldol and Michael reactions). Moreover, Ln(ii) and Ln(iii) complexes efficiently catalyze the (co)polymerization of carbonyl group-containing monomers including lactones, lactides, acrylates, and carbon dioxide. Featuring the most notorious greenhouse gas, CO2 is currently assessed as a cheap, abundant, and non-toxic C1 building block. Ln(iii) complexes are not only capable of efficient CO2 capture via reversible insertion but also of CO2 activation for catalytic conversions (copolymerization/cycloaddition with epoxides). This perspective focuses on structurally elucidated Ln complexes resulting from ketone or carbonyl derivative activation/insertion as well as carbon dioxide insertion products. The respective compounds will be sorted by structural motifs and, if applicable, details on reactivity and feasibility of catalytic reactions are presented. The article is subdivided in three parts: (i) donor and insertion products of ketones and aldehydes, (ii) redox-enhanced activation of carbonyl derivatives, and (iii) CO2 insertion/redox products and homogeneous catalytic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (EKUT), Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Zhao Y, Luo G, Xu X, Hou Z, Luo Y. A computational study of the reactivity of rare-earth/phosphorus Lewis pairs toward polymerization of conjugated polar alkenes. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The polymerization mechanism of methyl methacrylate (MMA) catalyzed by rare-earth/phosphorus (RE/P) Lewis pairs has been systematically studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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Edelmann FT, Farnaby JH, Jaroschik F, Wilson B. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fustier-Boutignon M, Nebra N, Mézailles N. Geminal Dianions Stabilized by Main Group Elements. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8555-8700. [PMID: 31194516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the chemistry of stable and isolable species that bear two lone pairs at the same C center, i.e., geminal dianions, stabilized by main group elements. Three cases can thus be considered: the geminal-dilithio derivative, for which the two substituents at C are neutral, the yldiide derivatives, for which one substituent is neutral while the other is charged, and finally the geminal bisylides, for which the two substituents are positively charged. In this review, the syntheses and electronic structures of the geminal dianions are presented, followed by the studies dedicated to their reactivity toward organic substrates and finally to their coordination chemistry and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fustier-Boutignon
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Noel Nebra
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- UPS, CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069 , Université de Toulouse , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , France
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