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Tan M, Wang Y, Hong Z, Zhou P, Jiang J, Su B. Cathodic electrochemiluminescence of L012 and its application in antioxidant detection. Analyst 2024; 149:1496-1501. [PMID: 38315553 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of a luminol (or its analogues)-dissolved oxygen (O2) system is an ideal alternative to ECL of the traditional luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system, which can efficiently avoid the self-decomposition of H2O2 at room temperature. However, the mechanism for the generation of cathodic ECL by the luminol (or its analogues)-O2 system is still ambiguous. Herein, we report the study of cathodic ECL generation by the L012-O2 system at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved generated during ECL reactions were verified. A possible reaction mechanism for the system was proposed and the rate constants of related reactions were estimated. Furthermore, several intermediates of L012 involved in the proposed pathways were validated by electrochemistry-coupled mass spectrometry. Finally, the cathodic ECL system was successfully used for measuring the antioxidant capacity of commercial juice with Trolox as a standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Tan
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ziying Hong
- School of Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 150090, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Environment, School of Marine Science and Technology (Weihai), Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 150090, China
| | - Bin Su
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Yan Y, Zhou P, Ding L, Hu W, Chen W, Su B. T Cell Antigen Recognition and Discrimination by Electrochemiluminescence Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314588. [PMID: 37903724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T lymphocyte (T cell) transfer and tumour-specific peptide vaccines are innovative cancer therapies. An accurate assessment of the specific reactivity of T cell receptors (TCRs) to tumour antigens is required because of the high heterogeneity of tumour cells and the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. In this study, we report a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging approach for recognising and discriminating between TCRs and tumour-specific antigens by imaging the immune synapses of T cells. Various T cell stimuli, including agonistic antibodies, auxiliary molecules, and tumour-specific antigens, were modified on the electrode's surface to allow for their interaction with T cells bearing different TCRs. The formation of immune synapses activated by specific stimuli produced a negative (shadow) ECL image, from which T cell antigen recognition and discrimination were evaluated by analysing the spreading area and the recognition intensity of T cells. This approach provides an easy way to assess TCR-antigen specificity and screen both of them for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lurong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Bin Su
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Yang Q, Huang X, Gao B, Gao L, Yu F, Wang F. Advances in electrochemiluminescence for single-cell analysis. Analyst 2022; 148:9-25. [PMID: 36475529 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of innovative analytical methods with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution that allowed qualitative and quantitative analysis to be carried out at single-cell and subcellular levels. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a unique chemiluminescence of high-energy electron transfer triggered by electrical excitation. The ingenious combination of electrochemistry and chemiluminescence results in the distinct advantages of high sensitivity, a wide dynamic range and good reproducibility. Specifically, single-cell ECL (SCECL) analysis with excellent spatiotemporal resolution has emerged as a promising toolbox in bioanalysis for revealing individual cells' heterogeneity and stochastic processes. This review focuses on advances in SCECL analysis and bioimaging. The history and recent advances in ECL probes and strategies for system design are briefly reviewed. Subsequently, the latest advances in representative SCECL analysis techniques for bioassays, bioimaging and therapeutics are also highlighted. Then, the current challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. .,Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Beibei Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Fu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Li X, Qin X, Wang Z, Wu Y, Wang K, Xia X, Liu S. In Situ Imaging of Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide Efflux from Living Cells via Bipolar Gold Nanoelectrode Array and Electrochemiluminescence Technology. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2446-2453. [PMID: 35875868 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The integration of a closed bipolar electrode (c-BPE) array and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection received a boost in applications in the detection of cell adhesion and disease-related biomarkers. This work proposed a gold nanorod array based c-BPE-ECL system to realize an in situ image of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) efflux from living cells and parallel analysis of endogenous H2O2 released from multiple cells by converting electrochemical signals into optical signals. The gold nanorod array with high density was prepared by a repeating chronopotentiometry procedure with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as a template. The c-BPE array was fabricated by assembling poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chips on both sides of the gold nanorod array. When an appropriate driving potential is applied, H2O2 generated from living cells at the sensing pole was reduced on the gold nanorod, triggering the oxidation of the ECL reagent at the reporting pole, which allowed the detection of H2O2 released from living cells. Under phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation, H2O2 released from living HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7, and LO2 cells was determined to be 47, 32.4, 25.7, and 6.3 μM, respectively. This indicated that the amount of H2O2 released from PMA-stimulated cancer cells was significantly higher than that from the stimulated normal cells. This work presented a new approach for in situ imaging of H2O2 released from living cells and could also be used to detect other electrochemically active or non-electrochemically active molecules through simple cell surface modification, which may have potential applications in cell apoptosis study and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Wuxi Institute of Inspection, Testing and Certification, Wuxi 214125, China
| | - Yafeng Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinghua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Ding H, Su B, Jiang D. Recent Advances in Single Cell Analysis by Electrochemiluminescence. Chemistry 2022; 12:e202200113. [PMID: 35880657 PMCID: PMC10152889 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding biological mechanisms operating in cells is one of the major goals of biology. Since heterogeneity is the fundamental property of cellular systems, single cell measurements can provide more accurate information about the composition, dynamics, and regulatory circuits of cells than population-averaged assays. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL), the light emission triggered by electrochemical reactions, is an emerging approach for single cell analysis. Numerous analytes, ranging from small biomolecules such as glucose and cholesterol, proteins and nucleic acids to subcellular structures, have been determined in single cells by ECL, which yields new insights into cellular functions. This review aims to provide an overview of research progress on ECL principles and systems for single cell analysis in recent years. The ECL reaction mechanisms are briefly introduced, and then the advances and representative works in ECL single cell analysis are summarized. Finally, outlooks and challenges in this field are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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Rebeccani S, Zanut A, Santo CI, Valenti G, Paolucci F. A Guide Inside Electrochemiluminescent Microscopy Mechanisms for Analytical Performance Improvement. Anal Chem 2021; 94:336-348. [PMID: 34908412 PMCID: PMC8756390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rebeccani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zanut
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Claudio Ignazio Santo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
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