1
|
Martynov I, Dhaka L, Wilke B, Hoyer P, Vahdad MR, Seitz G. Contemporary preclinical mouse models for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: from bedside to bench to bedside. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1333129. [PMID: 38371622 PMCID: PMC10869630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1333129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft-tissue malignancy, characterized by high clinicalopathological and molecular heterogeneity. Preclinical in vivo models are essential for advancing our understanding of RMS oncobiology and developing novel treatment strategies. However, the diversity of scholarly data on preclinical RMS studies may challenge scientists and clinicians. Hence, we performed a systematic literature survey of contemporary RMS mouse models to characterize their phenotypes and assess their translational relevance. Methods We identified papers published between 01/07/2018 and 01/07/2023 by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results Out of 713 records screened, 118 studies (26.9%) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Cell line-derived xenografts (CDX) were the most commonly utilized (n = 75, 63.6%), followed by patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and syngeneic models, each accounting for 11.9% (n = 14), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) (n = 7, 5.9%). Combinations of different model categories were reported in 5.9% (n = 7) of studies. One study employed a virus-induced RMS model. Overall, 40.0% (n = 30) of the studies utilizing CDX models established alveolar RMS (aRMS), while 38.7% (n = 29) were embryonal phenotypes (eRMS). There were 20.0% (n = 15) of studies that involved a combination of both aRMS and eRMS subtypes. In one study (1.3%), the RMS phenotype was spindle cell/sclerosing. Subcutaneous xenografts (n = 66, 55.9%) were more frequently used compared to orthotopic models (n = 29, 24.6%). Notably, none of the employed cell lines were derived from primary untreated tumors. Only a minority of studies investigated disseminated RMS phenotypes (n = 16, 13.6%). The utilization areas of RMS models included testing drugs (n = 64, 54.2%), studying tumorigenesis (n = 56, 47.5%), tumor modeling (n = 19, 16.1%), imaging (n = 9, 7.6%), radiotherapy (n = 6, 5.1%), long-term effects related to radiotherapy (n = 3, 2.5%), and investigating biomarkers (n = 1, 0.8%). Notably, no preclinical studies focused on surgery. Conclusions This up-to-date review highlights the need for mouse models with dissemination phenotypes and cell lines from primary untreated tumors. Furthermore, efforts should be directed towards underexplored areas such as surgery, radiotherapy, and biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Illya Martynov
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lajwanti Dhaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Hoyer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M. Reza Vahdad
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guido Seitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carcaboso AM. Results from the Children's Oncology Group phase III trial of a monoclonal antibody against the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic Ewing sarcoma. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:1916-1919. [PMID: 37969125 PMCID: PMC10644028 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angel M. Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Cancer Program, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mensali N, Köksal H, Joaquina S, Wernhoff P, Casey NP, Romecin P, Panisello C, Rodriguez R, Vimeux L, Juzeniene A, Myhre MR, Fåne A, Ramírez CC, Maggadottir SM, Duru AD, Georgoudaki AM, Grad I, Maturana AD, Gaudernack G, Kvalheim G, Carcaboso AM, de Alava E, Donnadieu E, Bruland ØS, Menendez P, Inderberg EM, Wälchli S. ALPL-1 is a target for chimeric antigen receptor therapy in osteosarcoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3375. [PMID: 37291203 PMCID: PMC10250459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) remains a dismal malignancy in children and young adults, with poor outcome for metastatic and recurrent disease. Immunotherapies in OS are not as promising as in some other cancer types due to intra-tumor heterogeneity and considerable off-target expression of the potentially targetable proteins. Here we show that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells could successfully target an isoform of alkaline phosphatase, ALPL-1, which is highly and specifically expressed in primary and metastatic OS. The target recognition element of the second-generation CAR construct is based on two antibodies, previously shown to react against OS. T cells transduced with these CAR constructs mediate efficient and effective cytotoxicity against ALPL-positive cells in in vitro settings and in state-of-the-art in vivo orthotopic models of primary and metastatic OS, without unexpected toxicities against hematopoietic stem cells or healthy tissues. In summary, CAR-T cells targeting ALPL-1 show efficiency and specificity in treating OS in preclinical models, paving the path for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mensali
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hakan Köksal
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandy Joaquina
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas P Casey
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paola Romecin
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Panisello
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
| | - René Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBER-ONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lene Vimeux
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit R Myhre
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Fåne
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carolina Castilla Ramírez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, CSIC, University of Sevilla, CIBER-ONC, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Adil Doganay Duru
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iwona Grad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrés Daniel Maturana
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gustav Gaudernack
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, CSIC, University of Sevilla, CIBER-ONC, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Øyvind S Bruland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER-ONC, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aschero R, Castillo-Ecija H, Baulenas-Farres M, Resa-Pares C, Jimenez-Cabaco A, Rodriguez E, Monterrubio C, Perez-Jaume S, Suñol M, Chantada GL, Lavarino C, Mora J, Carcaboso AM. Prognostic value of xenograft engraftment in patients with metastatic high-risk neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30318. [PMID: 36973999 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful engraftment of human cancer biopsies in immunodeficient mice correlates with the poor prognosis of patients. This was reported 30 years ago for children with neuroblastoma, but the standard of care treatment evolved significantly during the last 15 years, leading to improved survival of these patients. Here, we evaluated the association of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) engraftment and prognosis in patients receiving up-to-date treatments for cancers classified as metastatic (stage M) high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) by the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System (INRGSS). METHODS We obtained biopsies from patients with stage M HR-NB. We inoculated biopsy fragments subcutaneously in mice. We studied the association of PDX engraftment with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients. RESULTS Since 2009, we established 17 PDX from 97 samples of 66 patients with stage M HR-NB, with a follow-up of at least two years. Factors associated with higher probability of engraftment were the death as outcome (p = .0006) and the amplification of the gene MYCN in tumors (p = .0271). Patients whose biopsies established a PDX had significantly shorter EFS and OS (p = .0039 and .0002, respectively) than patients whose samples did not engraft. The association of PDX engraftment and OS was significant in patients without MYCN amplification (p = .0041), but not in patients with MYCN amplification (p = .2707). CONCLUSION Positive PDX engraftment is a factor related to poor prognosis and fatal outcome in patients with stage M HR-NB treated with up-to-date therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Aschero
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Castillo-Ecija
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merce Baulenas-Farres
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Resa-Pares
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Jimenez-Cabaco
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Monterrubio
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Perez-Jaume
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Suñol
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo L Chantada
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pascual-Pasto G, Resa-Pares C, Castillo-Ecija H, Aschero R, Baulenas-Farres M, Vila-Ubach M, Burgueño V, Balaguer-Lluna L, Cuadrado-Vilanova M, Olaciregui NG, Martinez-Velasco N, Perez-Jaume S, de Alava E, Tirado OM, Lavarino C, Mora J, Carcaboso AM. Low Bcl-2 is a robust biomarker of sensitivity to nab-paclitaxel in Ewing sarcoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115408. [PMID: 36603685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) shows potent preclinical anticancer activity in pediatric solid tumors such as Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma, but responses in clinical trials have been modest. In this work, we aimed to discover a rational biomarker-based approach to select the right candidate patients for this treatment. We assessed the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel in 27 patient-derived xenografts (PDX), including 14 Ewing sarcomas, five rhabdomyosarcomas and several other pediatric solid tumors. Response rate (partial or complete response) was remarkable in rhabdomyosarcomas (four of five) and Ewing sarcomas (four of 14). We addressed several predictive factors of response to nab-paclitaxel such as the expression of the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), chromosomal stability of cancer cells and expression of antiapoptotic members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-W and Mcl-1. Protein (immunoblotting) and gene expression of SPARC correlated positively, while immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry expression of Bcl-2 correlated negatively with the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel in Ewing sarcoma PDX. The negative correlation of Bcl-2 immunoblotting signal and activity was especially robust (r = 0.8352; P = 0.0007; Pearson correlation). Consequently, we evaluated pharmacological strategies to inhibit Bcl-2 during nab-paclitaxel treatment. We observed that the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax improved the activity of nab-paclitaxel in highly resistant Bcl-2-expressing Ewing sarcoma PDX. Overall, our results suggest that low Bcl-2 expression could be used to select patients with Ewing sarcoma sensitive to nab-paclitaxel, and Bcl-2 inhibitors could improve the activity of this drug in Bcl-2-expressing Ewing sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Resa-Pares
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Castillo-Ecija
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Aschero
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merce Baulenas-Farres
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Vila-Ubach
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Burgueño
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Balaguer-Lluna
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cuadrado-Vilanova
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nagore G Olaciregui
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Martinez-Velasco
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Perez-Jaume
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital /CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, 41013 Seville, Spain; Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Oscar M Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)/CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu H, Zheng H, Zhang Q, Song H, Wang Q, Xiao J, Dong Y, Shen Z, Wang S, Wu S, Wei Y, Lu W, Zhu Y, Niu X. A Multicentre Clinical Study of Sarcoma Personalised Treatment Using Patient-Derived Tumour Xenografts. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:e48-e59. [PMID: 35781406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Medication for advanced sarcomas has not improved for three decades. Patient-derived tumour xenografts (PDTX) are a promising solution for developing new therapies and real-time personalised medicine because of their highly effective prediction of drug efficacy. However, there is a dearth of PDTX models for sarcomas due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicentre clinical collaborative study (ChiCTR-OOC-17013617) was carried out. Fresh patient tumour tissues via resection or biopsy were used for the PDTX set-up. The standard medical care chosen by the physician was given to the patient, in parallel with testing on multiple regimens. The outcomes of patients' responses and PDTX tests were compared. Comprehensive analyses were carried out to assess the clinical value of PDTX for the treatment of sarcomas. Living tissues from successfully engrafted cases were deposited into a repository. RESULTS Forty-two cases, including 36 bone sarcomas and six soft-tissue sarcomas, were enrolled; the overall engraftment rate was 73.8%. Histopathological examination showed a 100% consistency between primary tumours and tumour grafts. The engraftment rate was independent of age, gender and sampling methods, but was associated with subtypes of tumour. The outgrowth time of tumour grafts could be associated with prognosis. Major somatic mutations in tumour grafts occurred primarily in common tumour driver genes. Poor prognosis was associated with the KMT2C mutation. A drug efficacy test showed complete concordance between the PDTX model and patients' responses in 17 regimens. CONCLUSION PDTX is an ideal preclinical model for sarcomas because of its faithful preservation of the heterogeneity of the disease, a satisfactory engraftment rate and high accuracy in its prediction of drug efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H Zheng
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - H Song
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Wang
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - J Xiao
- Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Dong
- The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Shen
- The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Wang
- Spine Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - S Wu
- Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Lu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Nanjing Personal Oncology Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - X Niu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Flobak Å, Skånland SS, Hovig E, Taskén K, Russnes HG. Functional precision cancer medicine: drug sensitivity screening enabled by cell culture models. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:973-985. [PMID: 36163057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Functional precision medicine is a new, emerging area that can guide cancer treatment by capturing information from direct perturbations of tumor-derived, living cells, such as by drug sensitivity screening. Precision cancer medicine as currently implemented in clinical practice has been driven by genomics, and current molecular tumor boards rely extensively on genomic characterization to advise on therapeutic interventions. However, genomic biomarkers can only guide treatment decisions for a fraction of the patients. In this review we provide an overview of the current state of functional precision medicine, highlight advances for drug-sensitivity screening enabled by cell culture models, and discuss how artificial intelligence (AI) can be coupled to functional precision medicine to guide patient stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsmund Flobak
- The Cancer Clinic, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid S Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hege G Russnes
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gasparini P, Casanova M, Centonze G, Borzi C, Bergamaschi L, Collini P, Testi A, Chiaravalli S, Massimino M, Sozzi G, Ferrari A, Moro M. Establishment of 6 pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma patient’s derived xenograft models closely recapitulating patients’ tumor characteristics. TUMORI JOURNAL 2022:3008916221110266. [PMID: 36114629 DOI: 10.1177/03008916221110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The prognosis for patients with metastatic and recurrent pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) remains poor. The availability of preclinical models is essential to identify promising treatments We established a series of pediatric RMS patient derived xenografts (PDXs), all faithfully mirroring primary tumor characteristics and representing a unique tool for clarifying the biological processes underlying RMS progression and relapse. Methods: Fresh tumor samples from 12 RMS patients were implanted subcutaneously in both flanks of immunocompromised mice. PDXs were considered as grafted after accomplishing three passages in mice. Characterization of tumor tissues and models was performed by comparing both morphology and immunoistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) characteristics. Results: Six PDXs were established, with a successful take rate of 50%. All models closely mirrored parental tumor characteristics. An increased grafting rate for tumors derived from patients with worse outcome (p = 0.006) was detected. For 50% PDXs grafting occurred when the corresponding patient was still alive. Conclusion: Our findings increase the number of available RMS PDX models and strengthen the role of PDXs as useful preclinical tools for patients with unmet medical needs and to develop personalized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gasparini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Casanova
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- First Pathology Division, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Borzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Collini
- Soft Tissue and Bone Pathology, Histopathology and Pediatric Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Testi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Chiaravalli
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Maura Massimino
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Paediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Moro
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Characterisation of a Novel Cell Line (ICR-SS-1) Established from a Patient-Derived Xenograft of Synovial Sarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152418. [PMID: 35954262 PMCID: PMC9368503 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a rare translocation-driven cancer with poor survival outcomes, particularly in the advanced setting. Previous synovial sarcoma preclinical studies have relied on a small panel of cell lines which suffer from the limitation of genomic and phenotypic drift as a result of being grown in culture for decades. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are a valuable tool for preclinical research as they retain many histopathological features of their originating human tumour; however, this approach is expensive, slow, and resource intensive, which hinders their utility in large-scale functional genomic and drug screens. To address some of these limitations, in this study, we have established and characterised a novel synovial sarcoma cell line, ICR-SS-1, which is derived from a PDX model and is amenable to high-throughput drug screens. We show that ICR-SS-1 grows readily in culture, retains the pathognomonic SS18::SSX1 fusion gene, and recapitulates the molecular features of human synovial sarcoma tumours as shown by proteomic profiling. Comparative analysis of drug response profiles with two other established synovial sarcoma cell lines (SYO-1 and HS-SY-II) finds that ICR-SS-1 harbours intrinsic resistance to doxorubicin and is sensitive to targeted inhibition of several oncogenic pathways including the PI3K-mTOR pathway. Collectively, our studies show that the ICR-SS-1 cell line model may be a valuable preclinical tool for studying the biology of anthracycline-resistant synovial sarcoma and identifying new salvage therapies following failure of doxorubicin.
Collapse
|
10
|
SPARC-mediated long-term retention of nab-paclitaxel in pediatric sarcomas. J Control Release 2021; 342:81-92. [PMID: 34974029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein overexpressed by several cancers. Because SPARC shows high binding affinity to albumin, we reasoned that pediatric sarcoma xenografts expressing SPARC would show enhanced uptake and accumulation of nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel, a potent anticancer drug formulation. We first evaluated the expression of SPARC in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma, finding variable SPARC gene expression that correlated well with SPARC protein measured by immunoblotting. We revealed that the activity of the fusion gene chimera EWSR1-FLI1, the genetic driver of Ewing sarcoma, leads to lower expression of the gene SPARC in these tumors, likely due to enriched acetylation marks of the histone H3 lysine 27 at regions including the SPARC promoter and potential enhancers. Then, we used SPARC-edited Ewing sarcoma cells (A673 line) to demonstrate that SPARC knocked down (KD) cells accumulated significantly less amount of nab-paclitaxel in vitro than SPARC wild type (WT) cells. In vivo, SPARC KD and SPARC WT subcutaneous xenografts in mice achieved similar maximum intratumoral concentrations of nab-paclitaxel, though drug clearance from SPARC WT tumors was significantly slower. We confirmed such SPARC-mediated long-term intratumoral accumulation of nab-paclitaxel in Ewing sarcoma PDX with high expression of SPARC, which accumulated significantly more nab-paclitaxel than SPARC-low PDX. SPARC-high PDX responded better to nab-paclitaxel than SPARC-low tumors, although these results should be taken cautiously, given that the PDXs were established from different patients that could have specific determinants predisposing response to paclitaxel. In addition, SPARC KD Ewing sarcoma xenografts responded better to soluble docetaxel and paclitaxel than to nab-paclitaxel, while SPARC WT ones showed similar response to soluble and albumin-carried drugs. Overall, our results show that pediatric sarcomas expressing SPARC accumulate nab-paclitaxel for longer periods of time, which could have clinical implications for chemotherapy efficacy.
Collapse
|