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Giotopoulou N, Shi W, Parniewska MM, Sun W, Fuxe J. TGFß1 Stimulates Lymphatic Endothelial Cells to Produce IL7 and IL15, Which Act as Chemotactic Factors for Breast Cancer Cells with Mesenchymal Properties. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:25. [PMID: 38055067 PMCID: PMC10700205 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is a major gateway for tumor cell dissemination but the mechanisms of how tumor cells gain access to lymphatic vessels are not completely understood. Breast cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gain invasive and migratory properties. Overexpression of the cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a potent inducer of EMT, is frequently detected in the tumor microenvironment and correlates with invasion and lymph metastasis. Recently, we reported that TGFβ1 stimulated breast cancer cells with mesenchymal properties to migrate in a targeted fashion towards the lymphatic system via CCR7/CCL21-mediated chemotaxis, similar to dendritic cells during inflammation. Here, we aimed to identify additional chemotactic factors and corresponding receptors that could be involved in guiding breast cancer cells through the lymphatic system. Through a combination of RNA sequencing analysis, database screening and invasion assays we identified IL7/IL7R and IL15/IL15R as pairs of chemokines and receptors with potential roles in promoting chemotactic migration of breast cancer cells with mesenchymal properties towards the lymphatics. The results demonstrate the capacity of TGFβ1 to orchestrate crosstalk between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells and warrant further studies to explore the roles of IL7 and IL15 in promoting lymph metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Giotopoulou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14152, Sweden
| | - Wenyang Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14152, Sweden
| | - Malgorzata Maria Parniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14152, Sweden
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17164, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jonas Fuxe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14152, Sweden.
- Division of Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden.
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Wang Y, Shi H, Zhang Y, Zeng Q, Chen T, Chai C. Identification of Differentially Expressed Hub Genes Associated With Immune Cell Recruitment in Claudin-Low Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848206. [PMID: 35359417 PMCID: PMC8963482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy in women and claudin-low breast cancer (CL-BCa) is a newly identified BCa subtype characterized by low expression of claudin 3&4&7. However, the hub genes associated with the recruitment of immune cells into CL-BCa were rarely described. This study aimed at exploring the differentially expressed hub genes associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in CL-BCa by a multi-approach bioinformatics analysis. The top 200 genes associated with CL-BCa were screened in the METABRIC dataset; the PPI network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape; tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed by TIMER 2.0; and the correlation of feature cytokines and claudins on survival was examined in METABRIC and TCGA datasets. Consequently, we found that the fraction of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially CD8+T cells and macrophages, increased in the CL-BCa. Differentially expressed cytokines (CCL5, CCL19, CXCL9 and CXCL10) and claudins (CLDN8, CLDN11 and CLDN19) were related to the overall survival, and their expression levels were also examined both in tumor tissues of CL-BCa patients by IHC and in typical CL-BCa cell lines by qPCR. Finally, the BCa patients with high expression of these DEGs (CCL5, CCL19, CXCL9, CLDN8 and CLDN11) showed a better overall survival. This study sheds light on molecular features of CL-BCa on immune microenvironments and contributes to identification of prognosis biomarkers for the CL-BCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040656. [PMID: 35203305 PMCID: PMC8870371 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) was one of the first two chemokine receptors that were found to be upregulated in breast cancers. Chemokine receptors promote chemotaxis of cells and tissue organization. Since under homeostatic conditions, CCR7 promotes migration of immune cells to lymph nodes, questions immediately arose regarding the ability of CCR7 to direct migration of cancer cells to lymph nodes. The literature since 2000 was examined to determine to what extent the expression of CCR7 in malignant tumors promoted migration to the lymph nodes. The data indicated that in different cancers, CCR7 plays distinct roles in directing cells to lymph nodes, the skin or to the central nervous system. In certain tumors, it may even serve a protective role. Future studies should focus on defining mechanisms that differentially regulate the unfavorable or beneficial role that CCR7 plays in cancer pathophysiology, to be able to improve outcomes in patients who harbor CCR7-positive cancers.
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Tan C, Zuo F, Lu M, Chen S, Tian Z, Hu Y. Identification of potential genes correlated with breast cancer metastasis and prognosis. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.2021302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tan
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Zuo
- Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei polytechnic University, Huangshi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Lu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai Chen
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Hu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People’s Republic of China
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Gurgel DC, Wong DVT, Bandeira AM, Pereira JFB, Gomes-Filho JV, Pereira AC, Barros Silva PG, Távora FRF, Pereira AF, Lima-Júnior RCP, Almeida PRC. Cytoplasmic CCR7 (CCR7c) immunoexpression is associated with local tumor recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153265. [PMID: 33181406 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of cancer, which tests negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and lacks overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor 2 (C-erbB2, HER2/neu) gene. The expression of chemokines and their receptors, including CCR7, has been described in several types of cancer, contributing to tumor progression. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the association between the membrane and cytoplasmic CCR7 expression and the prognosis of TNBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surgical paraffin histopathology blocks and clinico-pathological data were assessed from 133 patients. Samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence using the Tissue Microarray technique for scoring the intensity of CCR7 expression. RESULTS TNBC patients in which the CCR7 labeling was predominantly in the cytoplasm of tumor cells presented increased local tumor recurrence (P = 0.033). Conversely, there was no statistical difference in five-year overall survival between the patients with low (77%) versus high (80%) cytoplasmic CCR7 expression (P = 0.7104). Additionally, the risk of death between these groups was 1.19 (95% CI = 0.48-2.91). CONCLUSION The cytoplasmic CCR7 expression associates with an increased incidence of tumor relapse in TNBC, not affecting patients survival. Consequently, the cell compartment in which the CCR7 localizes could serve as a prognostic marker in this cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cordeiro Gurgel
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cancer Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Maia Bandeira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Jedson Vieira Gomes-Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo Goberlanio Barros Silva
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rocha Fernandes Távora
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Anamaria Falcão Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Rizeq B, Malki MI. The Role of CCL21/CCR7 Chemokine Axis in Breast Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1036. [PMID: 32340161 PMCID: PMC7226115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, predominantly caused by metastasis. It is generally accepted that the pattern of breast cancer metastasis is largely determined by the interaction between the chemokine receptors on cancer cells and the chemokines expressed at the sites of metastatic disease. Chemokine receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family that appear to be implicated in inflammatory diseases, tumor growth and metastasis. One of its members, C-C Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), binds chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, which are important for tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance and tumorigenesis. These receptors have been shown to induce the pathobiology of breast cancer due to their ability to induce cellular proliferation and migration upon the binding of the cognate chemokine receptors. The underlying signaling pathways and exact cellular interactions within this biological system are not fully understood and need further insights. Thus, in this review, we summarize the essential roles of CCR7 and its receptors in breast cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms of regulation that may lead to novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Despite the enormous advances in our knowledge of the nature of the chemokines in breast cancer metastasis, research about the involvement of CCR7 in cancer progression is still limited. Therefore, further studies are essential to illustrate the distinct roles of CCR7 in cancer progression and validate its potential as a preventive bio-factor for human breast cancer metastasis by targeting chemokine receptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Imad Malki
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P. O. Box. 2713, Doha, Qatar;
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Alterations of Signaling Pathways Related to the Immune System in Breast Cancer: New Perspectives in Patient Management. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092733. [PMID: 30213113 PMCID: PMC6165530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immune manipulation for cancer treatment, including breast cancer, has been increasingly gaining consent, and many attempts have been made, mainly by either strengthening the immune response (IR) or by inhibiting immune evasion. Therefore, elucidating the related mechanisms is of importance due to the potential to improve the management of cancer patients by immunotherapy. This review article summarized some recent experimental studies, which have discovered novel alterations of signaling pathways related to the immune system in breast cancer. These altered signaling pathways have been grouped according to the general biological mechanism involved: tumor-initiating cells (TICs), cancer stem cells (CSCs), immune evasion, tumor growth and progression, prediction of clinical outcome and prediction of response, or resistance to chemotherapy. These altered pathways related to the immune system open clinical opportunities for the prognosis or treatment of patients. Many of these pathways are related to the origin of breast cancer and immune evasion. We recommended development of new drugs which act on these molecular pathways, and the designing of clinical trials to be carried out mainly in breast cancer patients who required adjuvant treatment.
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González-Arriagada WA, Lozano-Burgos C, Zúñiga-Moreta R, González-Díaz P, Coletta RD. Clinicopathological significance of chemokine receptor (CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7 and CXCR4) expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:755-763. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Oral Pathology; Piracicaba Dental School; State University of Campinas; Piracicaba Brazil
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