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Lucena-Agell D, Guillén MJ, Matesanz R, Álvarez-Bernad B, Hortigüela R, Avilés P, Martínez-Díez M, Santamaría-Núñez G, Contreras J, Plaza-Menacho I, Giménez-Abián JF, Oliva MA, Cuevas C, Díaz JF. PM534, an Optimized Target-Protein Interaction Strategy through the Colchicine Site of Tubulin. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2619-2630. [PMID: 38294341 PMCID: PMC10895673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Targeting microtubules is the most effective wide-spectrum pharmacological strategy in antitumoral chemotherapy, and current research focuses on reducing main drawbacks: neurotoxicity and resistance. PM534 is a novel synthetic compound derived from the Structure-Activity-Relationship study on the natural molecule PM742, isolated from the sponge of the order Lithistida, family Theonellidae, genus Discodermia (du Bocage 1869). PM534 targets the entire colchicine binding domain of tubulin, covering four of the five centers of the pharmacophore model. Its nanomolar affinity and high retention time modulate a strikingly high antitumor activity that efficiently overrides two resistance mechanisms in cells (detoxification pumps and tubulin βIII isotype overexpression). Furthermore, PM534 induces significant inhibition of tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of human non-small cell lung cancer. Our results present PM534, a highly effective new compound in the preclinical evaluation that is currently in its first human Phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Unidad
BICS. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Guillén
- PharmaMar
S.A., Avda de los Reyes
1, Colmenar Viejo, 28770 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Matesanz
- Unidad
BICS. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Bernad
- Unidad
BICS. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Hortigüela
- Unidad
BICS. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Avilés
- PharmaMar
S.A., Avda de los Reyes
1, Colmenar Viejo, 28770 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Julia Contreras
- Centro
Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro
3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Plaza-Menacho
- Centro
Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro
3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Giménez-Abián
- Unidad
BICS. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Oliva
- Unidad
BICS. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuevas
- PharmaMar
S.A., Avda de los Reyes
1, Colmenar Viejo, 28770 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Fernando Díaz
- Unidad
BICS. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Ahmed MB, Islam SU, Alghamdi AAA, Kamran M, Ahsan H, Lee YS. Phytochemicals as Chemo-Preventive Agents and Signaling Molecule Modulators: Current Role in Cancer Therapeutics and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15765. [PMID: 36555406 PMCID: PMC9779495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest non communicable diseases. Numerous anticancer medications have been developed to target the molecular pathways driving cancer. However, there has been no discernible increase in the overall survival rate in cancer patients. Therefore, innovative chemo-preventive techniques and agents are required to supplement standard cancer treatments and boost their efficacy. Fruits and vegetables should be tapped into as a source of compounds that can serve as cancer therapy. Phytochemicals play an important role as sources of new medication in cancer treatment. Some synthetic and natural chemicals are effective for cancer chemoprevention, i.e., the use of exogenous medicine to inhibit or impede tumor development. They help regulate molecular pathways linked to the development and spread of cancer. They can enhance antioxidant status, inactivating carcinogens, suppressing proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest and death, and regulating the immune system. While focusing on four main categories of plant-based anticancer agents, i.e., epipodophyllotoxin, camptothecin derivatives, taxane diterpenoids, and vinca alkaloids and their mode of action, we review the anticancer effects of phytochemicals, like quercetin, curcumin, piperine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and gingerol. We examine the different signaling pathways associated with cancer and how inflammation as a key mechanism is linked to cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University, Peshawar, Street 1, Sector F 5 Phase 6 Hayatabad, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Young Sup Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Ciliate Microtubule Diversities: Insights from the EFBTU3 Tubulin in the Antarctic Ciliate Euplotes focardii. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122415. [PMID: 36557668 PMCID: PMC9784925 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoans of the Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates) assemble many diverse microtubular structures in a single cell throughout the life cycle, a feature that made them useful models to study microtubule complexity and the role of tubulin isotypes. In the Antarctic ciliate Euplotes focardii we identified five β-tubulin isotypes by genome sequencing, named EFBTU1, EFBTU2, EFBTU3, EFBTU4 and EFBTU5. By using polyclonal antibodies directed against EFBTU2/EFBTU1 and EFBTU3, we show that the former isotypes appear to be involved in the formation of all microtubular structures and are particularly abundant in cilia, whereas the latter specifically localizes at the bases of cilia. By RNA interference (RNAi) technology, we silenced the EFBTU3 gene and provided evidence that this isotype has a relevant role in cilia regeneration upon deciliation and in cell division. These results support the long-standing concept that tubulin isotypes possess functional specificity in building diverse microtubular structures.
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Ludueña RF. Possible Roles of Specific Amino Acids in β-Tubulin Isotypes in the Growth and Maintenance of Neurons: Novel Insights From Cephalopod Mollusks. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:838393. [PMID: 35493322 PMCID: PMC9048481 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.838393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules, are formed of the protein tubulin, which is a heterodimer of α- and β-tubulin subunits. Both α- and β-tubulin exist as numerous isotypes, differing in amino acid sequence and tissue distribution. Among the vertebrate β isotypes, βIII has a very narrow distribution, being found primarily in neurons and in advanced cancers. The places in the amino acid sequence where βIII differs from the other β isotypes are highly conserved in evolution. βIII appears to be highly resistant to reactive oxygen species and it forms highly dynamic microtubules. The first property would be very useful in neurons, which have high concentrations of free radicals, and the high dynamicity would aid neurite outgrowth. The same properties make βIII useful in cancers. Examination of the amino acid sequences indicates a cysteine cluster at positions 124–129 in βIII (CXXCXC). This occurs in all βIII isotypes but not in βI, βII, or βIV. βIII also lacks the easily oxidized C239. Both features could play roles in free radical resistance. Many aggressive tumors over-express βIII. However, a recent study of breast cancer patients showed that many of them mutated their βI, βII, and βIV at particular places to change the residues to those found at the corresponding sites in βIII; these are all sites that are highly conserved in vertebrate βIII. It is possible that these residues are important, not only in the resistance to free radicals, but also in the high dynamicity of βIII. The cephalopod mollusks are well known to be highly intelligent and can remodel their own brains. Interestingly, several cephalopods contain the cysteine cluster as well as up to 7 of the 17 residues that are highly conserved in vertebrate βIII, but are not found in βI, βII, or βIV. In short, it is possible that we are looking at a case of convergent evolution, that a βIII-like isotype may be required for neuronal growth and function and that a structure-function study of the particular residues conserved between vertebrate βIII and cephalopod tubulin isotypes could greatly increase our understanding of the role of the various tubulin isotypes in neuronal growth and function and could aid in the development of novel anti-tumor drugs.
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5
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Campiani G, Khan T, Ulivieri C, Staiano L, Papulino C, Magnano S, Nathwani S, Ramunno A, Lucena-Agell D, Relitti N, Federico S, Pozzetti L, Carullo G, Casagni A, Brogi S, Vanni F, Galatello P, Ghanim M, McCabe N, Lamponi S, Valoti M, Ibrahim O, O'Sullivan J, Turkington R, Kelly VP, VanWemmel R, Díaz JF, Gemma S, Zisterer D, Altucci L, De Matteis A, Butini S, Benedetti R. Design and synthesis of multifunctional microtubule targeting agents endowed with dual pro-apoptotic and anti-autophagic efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114274. [PMID: 35344902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome dependent cell survival mechanism and is central to the maintenance of organismal homeostasis in both physiological and pathological situations. Targeting autophagy in cancer therapy attracted considerable attention in the past as stress-induced autophagy has been demonstrated to contribute to both drug resistance and malignant progression and recently interest in this area has re-emerged. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation could be a valuable strategy for designing innovative tools for cancer treatment. Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are some of the most successful anti-cancer drugs used in the clinic to date. Scaling up our efforts to develop new anti-cancer agents, we rationally designed multifunctional agents 5a-l with improved potency and safety that combine tubulin depolymerising efficacy with autophagic flux inhibitory activity. Through a combination of computational, biological, biochemical, pharmacokinetic-safety, metabolic studies and SAR analyses we identified the hits 5i,k. These MTAs were characterised as potent pro-apoptotic agents and also demonstrated autophagy inhibition efficacy. To measure their efficacy at inhibiting autophagy, we investigated their effects on basal and starvation-mediated autophagic flux by quantifying the expression of LC3II/LC3I and p62 proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma and human leukaemia through western blotting and by immunofluorescence study of LC3 and LAMP1 in a cervical carcinoma cell line. Analogues 5i and 5k, endowed with pro-apoptotic activity on a range of hematological cancer cells (including ex-vivo chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells) and several solid tumor cell lines, also behaved as late-stage autophagy inhibitors by impairing autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Tuhina Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Ulivieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Staiano
- Cell Biology and Disease Mechanisms, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Papulino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L, De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, IT, Italy
| | - Stefania Magnano
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seema Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Daniel Lucena-Agell
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Relitti
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30, 600, 00071, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Federico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alice Casagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Vanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Galatello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Magda Ghanim
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh McCabe
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Health Sciences Building, BT9 7BL, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ola Ibrahim
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey O'Sullivan
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Richard Turkington
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Health Sciences Building, BT9 7BL, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent P Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ruben VanWemmel
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L, De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, IT, Italy; Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Antonella De Matteis
- Cell Biology and Disease Mechanisms, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy; Istituto Toscano Tumori, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L, De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, IT, Italy
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Mosca L, Ilari A, Fazi F, Assaraf YG, Colotti G. Taxanes in cancer treatment: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100742. [PMID: 33429249 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since 1984, when paclitaxel was approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma, taxanes have been widely used as microtubule-targeting antitumor agents. However, their historic classification as antimitotics does not describe all their functions. Indeed, taxanes act in a complex manner, altering multiple cellular oncogenic processes including mitosis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and ROS production. On the one hand, identification of the diverse effects of taxanes on oncogenic signaling pathways provides opportunities to apply these cytotoxic drugs in a more rational manner. On the other hand, this may facilitate the development of novel treatment modalities to surmount anticancer drug resistance. In the latter respect, chemoresistance remains a major impediment which limits the efficacy of antitumor chemotherapy. Taxanes have shown impact on key molecular mechanisms including disruption of mitotic spindle, mitosis slippage and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, there is an emerging contribution of cellular processes including autophagy, oxidative stress, epigenetic alterations and microRNAs deregulation to the acquisition of taxane resistance. Hence, these two lines of findings are currently promoting a more rational and efficacious taxane application as well as development of novel molecular strategies to enhance the efficacy of taxane-based cancer treatment while overcoming drug resistance. This review provides a general and comprehensive picture on the use of taxanes in cancer treatment. In particular, we describe the history of application of taxanes in anticancer therapeutics, the synthesis of the different drugs belonging to this class of cytotoxic compounds, their features and the differences between them. We further dissect the molecular mechanisms of action of taxanes and the molecular basis underlying the onset of taxane resistance. We further delineate the possible modalities to overcome chemoresistance to taxanes, such as increasing drug solubility, delivery and pharmacokinetics, overcoming microtubule alterations or mitotic slippage, inhibiting drug efflux pumps or drug metabolism, targeting redox metabolism, immune response, and other cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Dept. Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Via A. Scarpa 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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7
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Influence of paclitaxel therapy on expression of ßIII-Tubulin and Carbonic anhydrase IX proteins in chemically-induced rat mammary tumors. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Sánchez-Torres S, Díaz-Ruíz A, Ríos C, Olayo MG, Cruz GJ, Olayo R, Morales J, Mondragón-Lozano R, Fabela-Sánchez O, Orozco-Barrios C, Coyoy-Salgado A, Orozco-Suárez S, González-Ruiz C, Álvarez-Mejía L, Morales-Guadarrama A, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Damián-Matsumura P, Salgado-Ceballos H. Recovery of motor function after traumatic spinal cord injury by using plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine application in combination with a mixed rehabilitation scheme. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:58. [PMID: 32607849 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) can cause paralysis and permanent disability. Rehabilitation (RB) is currently the only accepted treatment, although its beneficial effect is limited. The development of biomaterials has provided therapeutic possibilities for TSCI, where our research group previously showed that the plasma-synthesized polypyrrole/iodine (PPy/I), a biopolymer with different physicochemical characteristics than those of the PPy synthesized by conventional methods, promotes recovery of motor function after TSCI. The present study evaluated if the plasma-synthesized PPy/I applied in combination with RB could increase its beneficial effects and the mechanisms involved. Adult rats with TSCI were divided into no treatment (control); biopolymer (PPy/I); mixed RB by swimming and enriched environment (SW/EE); and combined treatment (PPy/I + SW/EE) groups. Eight weeks after TSCI, the general health of the animals that received any of the treatments was better than the control animals. Functional recovery evaluated by two scales was better and was achieved in less time with the PPy/I + SW/EE combination. All treatments significantly increased βIII-tubulin (nerve plasticity) expression, but only PPy/I increased GAP-43 (nerve regeneration) and MBP (myelination) expression when were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of GFAP (glial scar) decreased in treated groups when determined by histochemistry, while morphometric analysis showed that tissue was better preserved when PPy/I and PPy/I + SW/EE were administered. The application of PPy/I + SW/EE, promotes the preservation of nervous tissue, and the expression of molecules related to plasticity as βIII-tubulin, reduces the glial scar, improves general health and allows the recovery of motor function after TSCI. The implant of the biomaterial polypyrrole/iodine (PPy/I) synthesized by plasma (an unconventional synthesis method), in combination with a mixed rehabilitation scheme with swimming and enriched environment applied after a traumatic spinal cord injury, promotes expression of GAP-43 and βIII-tubulin (molecules related to plasticity and nerve regeneration) and reduces the expression of GFAP (molecule related to the formation of the glial scar). Both effects together allow the formation of nerve fibers, the reconnection of the spinal cord in the area of injury and the recovery of lost motor function. The figure shows the colocalization (yellow) of βIII-tubilin (red) and GAP-43 (green) in fibers crossing the epicenter of the injury (arrowheads) that reconnect the rostral and caudal ends of the injured spinal cord and allowed recovery of motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sánchez-Torres
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México City, CP, 06720, México
- Doctorate in Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, CP, 09340, Mexico
- Proyecto Camina A.C. Research Center, Mexico City, CP, 14050, Mexico
| | - Araceli Díaz-Ruíz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A, Mexico city, CP, 14269, Mexico
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez S.S.A, Mexico city, CP, 14269, Mexico
| | - María G Olayo
- Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares. Carretera Mexico-Toluca, km 36.5, Ocoyoacac, State of Mexico, CP, 52750, Mexico
| | - Guillermo J Cruz
- Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares. Carretera Mexico-Toluca, km 36.5, Ocoyoacac, State of Mexico, CP, 52750, Mexico
| | - Roberto Olayo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, CP, 09340, Mexico
| | - Juan Morales
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, CP, 09340, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Mondragón-Lozano
- Proyecto Camina A.C. Research Center, Mexico City, CP, 14050, Mexico
- CONACyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Fabela-Sánchez
- Proyecto Camina A.C. Research Center, Mexico City, CP, 14050, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340, Iztapalapa, CDMX, México
- Catedrático CONACyT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Enrique Reyna H. No. 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo, Coahuila, 25294, México
| | - Carlos Orozco-Barrios
- Proyecto Camina A.C. Research Center, Mexico City, CP, 14050, Mexico
- CONACyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- Proyecto Camina A.C. Research Center, Mexico City, CP, 14050, Mexico
- CONACyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México City, CP, 06720, México
| | - Cristian González-Ruiz
- Proyecto Camina A.C. Research Center, Mexico City, CP, 14050, Mexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Álvarez-Mejía
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México City, CP, 06720, México
- Proyecto Camina A.C. Research Center, Mexico City, CP, 14050, Mexico
- Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares. Carretera Mexico-Toluca, km 36.5, Ocoyoacac, State of Mexico, CP, 52750, Mexico
| | | | - Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México City, CP, 06720, México
| | - Pablo Damián-Matsumura
- Doctorate in Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Mexico City, CP, 09340, Mexico
| | - Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México City, CP, 06720, México.
- Proyecto Camina A.C. Research Center, Mexico City, CP, 14050, Mexico.
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9
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Balaguer FDA, Mühlethaler T, Estévez-Gallego J, Calvo E, Giménez-Abián JF, Risinger AL, Sorensen EJ, Vanderwal CD, Altmann KH, Mooberry SL, Steinmetz MO, Oliva MÁ, Prota AE, Díaz JF. Crystal Structure of the Cyclostreptin-Tubulin Adduct: Implications for Tubulin Activation by Taxane-Site Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061392. [PMID: 30897704 PMCID: PMC6471726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that one of the mechanisms of taxane-site ligand-mediated tubulin activation is modulation of the structure of a switch element (the M-loop) from a disordered form in dimeric tubulin to a folded helical structure in microtubules. Here, we used covalent taxane-site ligands, including cyclostreptin, to gain further insight into this mechanism. The crystal structure of cyclostreptin-bound tubulin reveals covalent binding to βHis229, but no stabilization of the M-loop. The capacity of cyclostreptin to induce microtubule assembly compared to other covalent taxane-site agents demonstrates that the induction of tubulin assembly is not strictly dependent on M-loop stabilization. We further demonstrate that most covalent taxane-site ligands are able to partially overcome drug resistance mediated by βIII-tubulin (βIII) overexpression in HeLa cells, and compare their activities to pironetin, an interfacial covalent inhibitor of tubulin assembly that displays invariant growth inhibition in these cells. Our findings suggest a relationship between a diminished interaction of taxane-site ligands with βIII-tubulin and βIII tubulin-mediated drug resistance. This supports the idea that overexpression of βIII increases microtubule dynamicity by counteracting the enhanced microtubule stability promoted by covalent taxane-site binding ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Asís Balaguer
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Juan Estévez-Gallego
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Unidad de Proteómica. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC. Melchor Fernández de Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Francisco Giménez-Abián
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Erik J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Biozentrum, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - María Ángela Oliva
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Ma YT, Yang Y, Cai P, Sun DY, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Zhang XY, Jia WQ, Lei L, Guo M, Gago F, Wang H, Fang WS. A Series of Enthalpically Optimized Docetaxel Analogues Exhibiting Enhanced Antitumor Activity and Water Solubility. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:524-533. [PMID: 29359935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A dual-purpose strategy aimed at enhancing the binding affinity for microtubules and improving the water solubility of docetaxel led to the design and synthesis of a series of C-2- and C-3'-modified analogues. Both aims were realized when the C-3' phenyl group present in docetaxel was replaced with a propargyl alcohol. The resulting compound, 3f, was able to overcome drug resistance in cultured P-gp-overexpressing tumor cells and showed greater activity than docetaxel against drug-resistant A2780/AD ovarian cancer xenografts in mice. In addition, the considerably lower hydrophobicity of 3f relative to both docetaxel and paclitaxel led to better aqueous solubility. A molecular model of tubulin-bound 3f revealed novel hydrogen-bonding interactions between the propargyl alcohol and the polar environment provided by the side chains of Ser236, Glu27, and Arg320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Tao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - De-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pedro A Sánchez-Murcia
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas , Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica del CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá , E-28805 Alcalá de Henares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , People's Republic of China
| | - Federico Gago
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas , Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica del CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá , E-28805 Alcalá de Henares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai 264005 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
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11
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Tang Y, Rodríguez-Salarichs J, Zhao Y, Cai P, Estévez-Gallego J, Balaguer-Pérez F, Redondo Horcajo M, Lucena-Agell D, Barasoain I, Díaz JF, Fang WS. Modification of C-seco taxoids through ring tethering and substituent replacement leading to effective agents against tumor drug resistance mediated by βIII-Tubulin and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressions. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Parker AL, Teo WS, McCarroll JA, Kavallaris M. An Emerging Role for Tubulin Isotypes in Modulating Cancer Biology and Chemotherapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071434. [PMID: 28677634 PMCID: PMC5535925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin proteins, as components of the microtubule cytoskeleton perform critical cellular functions throughout all phases of the cell cycle. Altered tubulin isotype composition of microtubules is emerging as a feature of aggressive and treatment refractory cancers. Emerging evidence highlighting a role for tubulin isotypes in differentially influencing microtubule behaviour and broader functional networks within cells is illuminating a complex role for tubulin isotypes regulating cancer biology and chemotherapy resistance. This review focuses on the role of different tubulin isotypes in microtubule dynamics as well as in oncogenic changes that provide a survival or proliferative advantage to cancer cells within the tumour microenvironment and during metastatic processes. Consideration of the role of tubulin isotypes beyond their structural function will be essential to improving the current clinical use of tubulin-targeted chemotherapy agents and informing the development of more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Wee Siang Teo
- Tumour Biology and Targeting, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Tumour Biology and Targeting, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia.
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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13
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Cirillo L, Gotta M, Meraldi P. The Elephant in the Room: The Role of Microtubules in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1002:93-124. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Rostovtseva TK, Hoogerheide DP, Rovini A, Bezrukov SM. Lipids in Regulation of the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeability, Bioenergetics, and Metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55539-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Trigili C, Barasoain I, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Bargsten K, Redondo-Horcajo M, Nogales A, Gardner NM, Meyer A, Naylor GJ, Gómez-Rubio E, Gago F, Steinmetz MO, Paterson I, Prota AE, Díaz JF. Structural Determinants of the Dictyostatin Chemotype for Tubulin Binding Affinity and Antitumor Activity Against Taxane- and Epothilone-Resistant Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1192-1204. [PMID: 30023505 PMCID: PMC6044705 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A combined biochemical, structural, and cell biology characterization of dictyostatin is described, which enables an improved understanding of the structural determinants responsible for the high-affinity binding of this anticancer agent to the taxane site in microtubules (MTs). The study reveals that this macrolide is highly optimized for MT binding and that only a few of the structural modifications featured in a library of synthetic analogues resulted in small gains in binding affinity. The high efficiency of the dictyostatin chemotype in overcoming various kinds of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms highlights its potential for therapeutic development for the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. A structural explanation is advanced to account for the synergy observed between dictyostatin and taxanes on the basis of their differential effects on the MT lattice. The X-ray crystal structure of a tubulin-dictyostatin complex and additional molecular modeling have allowed the rationalization of the structure-activity relationships for a set of synthetic dictyostatin analogues, including the highly active hybrid 12 with discodermolide. Altogether, the work reported here is anticipated to facilitate the improved design and synthesis of more efficacious dictyostatin analogues and hybrids with other MT-stabilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Trigili
- Chemical
and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Barasoain
- Chemical
and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- E-mail: (J.F.D.)
| | - Pedro A. Sánchez-Murcia
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad Asociada al IQM (CSIC), Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Katja Bargsten
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mariano Redondo-Horcajo
- Chemical
and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola M. Gardner
- University
Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Arndt Meyer
- University
Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Guy J. Naylor
- University
Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad Asociada al IQM (CSIC), Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Gago
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad Asociada al IQM (CSIC), Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michel O. Steinmetz
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ian Paterson
- University
Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Andrea E. Prota
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Fernando Díaz
- Chemical
and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones
Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- E-mail: (I.B.)
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16
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Liebel S, Regina Grötzner S, Dietrich Moura Costa D, Antônio Ferreira Randi M, Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro C, Filipak Neto F. Cylindrospermopsin effects on protein profile of HepG2 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:554-563. [PMID: 27494769 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1216209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were exposed to purified cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a potent toxicant for eukaryotic cells produced by several cyanobacteria. Exposure to 10 μg l-1 of CYN for 24 h resulted in alteration of expression of 48 proteins, from which 26 were identified through mass spectrometry. Exposure to 100 μg l-1 of CYN for 24 h affected nuclear area and actin filaments intensity, which can be associated with cell proliferation and toxicity. The proteins are implicated in different biological processes: protein folding, xenobiotic efflux, antioxidant defense, energy metabolism and cell anabolism, cell signaling, tumorigenic potential, and cytoskeleton structure. Protein profile indicates that CYN exposure may lead to alteration of glucose metabolism that can be associated with the supply of useful energy to cells respond to chemical stress and proliferate. Increase of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels observed in HepG2 cells can associate with cell proliferation and resistance. Increase of MRP3 and glutathione peroxidase can protect cells against some chemicals and ROS. CYN exposure also led to alteration of the expression of cytoskeleton proteins, which may be associated with cell proliferation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Liebel
- a Departamento De Biologia Celular , Universidade Federal Do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Sonia Regina Grötzner
- a Departamento De Biologia Celular , Universidade Federal Do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
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17
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Rohena CC, Telang NS, Da C, Risinger AL, Sikorski JA, Kellogg GE, Gupton JT, Mooberry SL. Biological Characterization of an Improved Pyrrole-Based Colchicine Site Agent Identified through Structure-Based Design. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:287-96. [PMID: 26655304 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A refined model of the colchicine site on tubulin was used to design an improved analog of the pyrrole parent compound, JG-03-14. The optimized compound, NT-7-16, was evaluated in biological assays that confirm that it has potent activities as a new colchicine site microtubule depolymerizer. NT-7-16 exhibits antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against multiple cancer cell lines, with IC(50) values of 10-16 nM, and it is able to overcome drug resistance mediated by the expression of P-glycoprotein and the βIII isotype of tubulin. NT-7-16 initiated the concentration-dependent loss of cellular microtubules and caused the formation of abnormal mitotic spindles, leading to mitotic accumulation. The direct interaction of NT-7-16 with purified tubulin was confirmed, and it was more potent than combretastatin A-4 in these assays. Binding studies verified that NT-7-16 binds to tubulin within the colchicine site. The antitumor effects of NT-7-16 were evaluated in an MDA-MB-435 xenograft model and it had excellent activity at concentrations that were not toxic. A second compound, NT-9-21, which contains dichloro moieties in place of the 3,5-dibromo substituents of NT-7-16, had a poorer fit within the colchicine site as predicted by modeling and the Hydropathic INTeractions score. Biological evaluations showed that NT-9-21 has 10-fold lower potency than NT-7-16, confirming the modeling predictions. These studies highlight the value of the refined colchicine-site model and identify a new pyrrole-based colchicine-site agent with potent in vitro activities and promising in vivo antitumor actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina C Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - Nakul S Telang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - Chenxiao Da
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - James A Sikorski
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - Glen E Kellogg
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - John T Gupton
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.).
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18
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Mariani M, Karki R, Spennato M, Pandya D, He S, Andreoli M, Fiedler P, Ferlini C. Class III β-tubulin in normal and cancer tissues. Gene 2015; 563:109-14. [PMID: 25839941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are polymeric structures composed of tubulin subunits. Each subunit consists of a heterodimer of α- and β-tubulin. At least seven β-tubulin isotypes, or classes, have been identified in human cells, and constitutive isotype expression appears to be tissue specific. Class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin) expression is normally confined to testes and tissues derived from neural cristae. However, its expression can be induced in other tissues, both normal and neoplastic, subjected to a toxic microenvironment characterized by hypoxia and poor nutrient supply. In this review, we will summarize the mechanisms underlying βIII-tubulin constitutive and induced expression. We will also illustrate its capacity to serve as a biomarker of neural commitment in normal tissues and as a pure prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roshan Karki
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA
| | | | - Deep Pandya
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Shiquan He
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA
| | | | - Paul Fiedler
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA
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19
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Katsetos CD, Reginato MJ, Baas PW, D'Agostino L, Legido A, Tuszyn Ski JA, Dráberová E, Dráber P. Emerging microtubule targets in glioma therapy. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2015; 22:49-72. [PMID: 25976261 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Major advances in the genomics and epigenomics of diffuse gliomas and glioblastoma to date have not been translated into effective therapy, necessitating pursuit of alternative treatment approaches for these therapeutically challenging tumors. Current knowledge of microtubules in cancer and the development of new microtubule-based treatment strategies for high-grade gliomas are the topic in this review article. Discussed are cellular, molecular, and pharmacologic aspects of the microtubule cytoskeleton underlying mitosis and interactions with other cellular partners involved in cell cycle progression, directional cell migration, and tumor invasion. Special focus is placed on (1) the aberrant overexpression of βIII-tubulin, a survival factor associated with hypoxic tumor microenvironment and dynamic instability of microtubules; (2) the ectopic overexpression of γ-tubulin, which in addition to its conventional role as a microtubule-nucleating protein has recently emerged as a transcription factor interacting with oncogenes and kinases; (3) the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin and its emerging role in cell motility of glioblastoma cells; and (4) the modulating role of posttranslational modifications of tubulin in the context of interaction of microtubules with motor proteins. Specific antineoplastic strategies discussed include downregulation of targeted molecules aimed at achieving a sensitization effect on currently used mainstay therapies. The potential role of new classes of tubulin-binding agents and ATPase inhibitors is also examined. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the distinct behaviors of microtubules in glioma tumorigenesis and drug resistance is key to the discovery of novel molecular targets that will fundamentally change the prognostic outlook of patients with diffuse high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos D Katsetos
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter W Baas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luca D'Agostino
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Agustin Legido
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Section of Neurology and Pediatric Neuro-oncology Program, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jack A Tuszyn Ski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduarda Dráberová
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Department of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Taxanes with high potency inducing tubulin assembly overcome tumoural cell resistances. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5078-90. [PMID: 25047938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have found that four taxanes with chemical modifications at positions C10 and C13 were active against all types of taxane resistant cell lines, resistant by P-gp overexpression, by mutations in the β-tubulin binding site or by overexpression of the highly dynamic βIII-tubulin isotype. We have characterized the interaction of taxanes with high activity on chemotherapy resistant tumoural cells with microtubules, and also studied their cellular effects. The biochemical property enhanced in comparison with other taxanes is their potency at inducing tubulin assembly, despite the fact that their interactions with the microtubule binding sites (pore and luminal) are similar as studied by NMR and SAXS. A differential interaction with the S7-S9 loop (M-loop) is responsible for their enhanced assembly induction properties. The chemical changes in the structure also induce changes in the thermodynamic properties of the interaction, indicating a higher hydrophilicity and also explaining their properties on P-gp and βIII overexpressing cells and on mutant cells. The effect of the compounds on the microtubular network is different from those observed with the classical (docetaxel and paclitaxel) taxanes, inducing different bundling in cells with microtubules being very short, indicating a very fast nucleation effect and reflecting their high assembly induction power.
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21
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Parker AL, Kavallaris M, McCarroll JA. Microtubules and their role in cellular stress in cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:153. [PMID: 24995158 PMCID: PMC4061531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic structures, which consist of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, and are involved in cell movement, intracellular trafficking, and mitosis. In the context of cancer, the tubulin family of proteins is recognized as the target of the tubulin-binding chemotherapeutics, which suppress the dynamics of the mitotic spindle to cause mitotic arrest and cell death. Importantly, changes in microtubule stability and the expression of different tubulin isotypes as well as altered post-translational modifications have been reported for a range of cancers. These changes have been correlated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in solid and hematological cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations have remained poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins may play a role in a range of cellular stress responses, thus conferring survival advantage to cancer cells. This review will focus on the importance of the microtubule-protein network in regulating critical cellular processes in response to stress. Understanding the role of microtubules in this context may offer novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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22
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Tubulin folding: the special case of a beta-tubulin isotype from the Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate Euplotes focardii. Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Cosentino L, Redondo-Horcajo M, Zhao Y, Santos AR, Chowdury KF, Vinader V, Abdallah QMA, Abdel-Rahman H, Fournier-Dit-Chabert J, Shnyder SD, Loadman PM, Fang WS, Díaz JF, Barasoain I, Burns PA, Pors K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Colchicine B-Ring Analogues Tethered with Halogenated Benzyl Moieties. J Med Chem 2012; 55:11062-6. [PMID: 23176628 DOI: 10.1021/jm301151t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cosentino
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7
1DP, U.K
| | | | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking
Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P.
R. China
| | - Ana Rita Santos
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7
1DP, U.K
| | - Kaniz F. Chowdury
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7
1DP, U.K
| | - Victoria Vinader
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7
1DP, U.K
| | - Qasem M. A. Abdallah
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7
1DP, U.K
| | - Hamdy Abdel-Rahman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7
1DP, U.K
| | | | - Steven D. Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7
1DP, U.K
| | - Paul M. Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7
1DP, U.K
| | - Wei-shuo Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking
Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P.
R. China
| | | | - Isabel Barasoain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip A. Burns
- Section of Pathology
and Tumor
Biology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, U.K
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7
1DP, U.K
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24
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Fournier-Dit-Chabert J, Vinader V, Santos AR, Redondo-Horcajo M, Dreneau A, Basak R, Cosentino L, Marston G, Abdel-Rahman H, Loadman PM, Shnyder SD, Díaz JF, Barasoain I, Falconer RA, Pors K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of colchicine C-ring analogues tethered with aliphatic linkers suitable for prodrug derivatisation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7693-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Knoefler D, Thamsen M, Koniczek M, Niemuth NJ, Diederich AK, Jakob U. Quantitative in vivo redox sensors uncover oxidative stress as an early event in life. Mol Cell 2012; 47:767-76. [PMID: 22819323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obstacles in elucidating the role of oxidative stress in aging include difficulties in (1) tracking in vivo oxidants, in (2) identifying affected proteins, and in (3) correlating changes in oxidant levels with life span. Here, we used quantitative redox proteomics to determine the onset and the cellular targets of oxidative stress during Caenorhabditis elegans' life span. In parallel, we used genetically encoded sensor proteins to determine peroxide levels in live animals in real time. We discovered that C. elegans encounters significant levels of oxidants as early as during larval development. Oxidant levels drop rapidly as animals mature, and reducing conditions prevail throughout the reproductive age, after which age-accompanied protein oxidation sets in. Long-lived daf-2 mutants transition faster to reducing conditions, whereas short-lived daf-16 mutants retain higher oxidant levels throughout their mature life. These results suggest that animals with improved capacity to recover from early oxidative stress have significant advantages later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Knoefler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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26
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Distinct functional roles of β-tubulin isotypes in microtubule arrays of Tetrahymena thermophila, a model single-celled organism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39694. [PMID: 22745812 PMCID: PMC3382179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multi-tubulin hypothesis proposes that each tubulin isotype performs a unique role, or subset of roles, in the universe of microtubule function(s). To test this hypothesis, we are investigating the functions of the recently discovered, noncanonical β-like tubulins (BLTs) of the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila. Tetrahymena forms 17 distinct microtubular structures whose assembly had been thought to be based on single α- and β-isotypes. However, completion of the macronuclear genome sequence of Tetrahymena demonstrated that this ciliate possessed a β-tubulin multigene family: two synonymous genes (BTU1 and BTU2) encode the canonical β-tubulin, BTU2, and six genes (BLT1-6) yield five divergent β-tubulin isotypes. In this report, we examine the structural features and functions of two of the BLTs (BLT1 and BLT4) and compare them to those of BTU2. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS With respect to BTU2, BLT1 and BLT4 had multiple sequence substitutions in their GTP-binding sites, in their interaction surfaces, and in their microtubule-targeting motifs, which together suggest that they have specialized functions. To assess the roles of these tubulins in vivo, we transformed Tetrahymena with expression vectors that direct the synthesis of GFP-tagged versions of the isotypes. We show that GFP-BLT1 and GFP-BLT4 were not detectable in somatic cilia and basal bodies, whereas GFP-BTU2 strongly labeled these structures. During cell division, GFP-BLT1 and GFP-BLT4, but not GFP-BTU2, were incorporated into the microtubule arrays of the macronucleus and into the mitotic apparatus of the micronucleus. GFP-BLT1 also participated in formation of the microtubules of the meiotic apparatus of the micronucleus during conjugation. Partitioning of the isotypes between nuclear and ciliary microtubules was confirmed biochemically. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that Tetrahymena uses a family of distinct β-tubulin isotypes to construct subsets of functionally different microtubules, a result that provides strong support for the multi-tubulin hypothesis.
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Mariani M, Zannoni GF, Sioletic S, Sieber S, Martino C, Martinelli E, Coco C, Scambia G, Shahabi S, Ferlini C. Gender influences the class III and V β-tubulin ability to predict poor outcome in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2964-75. [PMID: 22438565 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in Western countries. To predict the outcome of therapy, we assessed the role of class III (TUBB3) and class V β-tubulin (TUBB6) as predictive biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using immunohistochemistry and nanofluidics, the expression of TUBB3 and TUBB6 was assessed in two cohorts of 180 and 134 patients, respectively. The CYP17A1 RS743572 was genotyped to identify GG carriers with enhanced androgen levels. TUBB3 and TUBB6 were investigated in 22 colorectal cancer cell lines in basal conditions and after serum starvation, the latter serving as activator of this prosurvival pathway. To ascertain the role of androgen receptor (AR) in such regulation, we silenced AR and checked TUBB3 and TUBB6 expression and sensitivity to chemotherapy. RESULTS There was a link between poor survival, the expression of TUBB3/TUBB6, and AR only in females. Conversely, only in males carriers of the GG phenotype exhibited the worst outcome. Importantly, male cell lines were resistant to serum starvation and exhibited higher levels of TUBB6, thereby suggesting that the pathway is activated by androgens. In female cells this phenomenon was absent. In both genders, AR was the main driver of TUBB3/TUBB6 expression, as constitutive silencing of AR was associated with downregulation of TUBB3/TUBB6 expression and increased sensitivity to oxaliplatin and SN-38. CONCLUSIONS The involvement of androgens in the TUBB3 pathway opens the way for clinical trials to assess the efficacy of antiandrogens for increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy in male colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Mariani
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, Connecticut 00168, USA
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28
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Chiappori F, Pucciarelli S, Merelli I, Ballarini P, Miceli C, Milanesi L. Structural thermal adaptation of β-tubulins from the Antarctic psychrophilic protozoan Euplotes focardii. Proteins 2012; 80:1154-66. [PMID: 22275059 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin dimers of psychrophilic eukaryotes can polymerize into microtubules at 4°C, a temperature at which microtubules from mesophiles disassemble. This unique capability requires changes in the primary structure and/or in post-translational modifications of the tubulin subunits. To contribute to the understanding of mechanisms responsible for microtubule cold stability, here we present a computational structural analysis based on molecular dynamics (MD) and experimental data of three β-tubulin isotypes, named EFBT2, EFBT3, and EFBT4, from the Antarctic protozoon Euplotes focardii that optimal temperature for growth and reproduction is 4°C. In comparison to the β-tubulin from E. crassus, a mesophilic Euplotes species, EFBT2, EFBT3, and EFBT4 possess unique amino acid substitutions that confer different flexible properties of the polypeptide, as well as an increased hydrophobicity of the regions involved in microtubule interdimeric contacts that may overcome the microtubule destabilizing effect of cold temperatures. The structural analysis based on MD indicated that all isotypes display different flexibility properties in the regions involved in the formation of longitudinal and lateral contacts during microtubule polymerization. We also investigated the role of E. focardii β-tubulin isotypes during the process of cilia formation. The unique characteristics of the primary and tertiary structures of psychrophilic β-tubulin isotypes seem responsible for the formation of microtubules with distinct dynamic and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Chiappori
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Segrate (MI), Italy.
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Specific β-tubulin isotypes can functionally enhance or diminish epothilone B sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21717. [PMID: 21738778 PMCID: PMC3126859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epothilones are a new class of microtubule stabilizing agents with promising preclinical and clinical activity. Their cellular target is β-tubulin and factors influencing intrinsic sensitivity to epothilones are not well understood. In this study, the functional significance of specific β-tubulin isotypes in intrinsic sensitivity to epothilone B was investigated using siRNA gene knockdown against βII-, βIII- or βIVb-tubulins in two independent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, NCI-H460 and Calu-6. Drug-treated clonogenic assays showed that sensitivity to epothilone B was not altered following knockdown of βII-tubulin in both NSCLC cell lines. In contrast, knockdown of βIII-tubulin significantly increased sensitivity to epothilone B. Interestingly, βIVb-tubulin knockdowns were significantly less sensitive to epothilone B, compared to mock- and control siRNA cells. Cell cycle analysis of βIII-tubulin knockdown cells showed a higher percentage of cell death with epothilone B concentrations as low as 0.5 nM. In contrast, βIVb-tubulin knockdown cells displayed a decrease in epothilone B-induced G2-M cell cycle accumulation compared to control siRNA cells. Importantly, βIII-tubulin knockdowns displayed a significant dose-dependent increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells upon treatment with epothilone B, as detected using caspase 3/7 activity and Annexin-V staining. Higher concentrations of epothilone B were required to induce apoptosis in the βIVb-tubulin knockdowns compared to control siRNA, highlighting a potential mechanism underlying decreased sensitivity to this agent. This study demonstrates that specific β-tubulin isotypes can influence sensitivity to epothilone B and may influence differential sensitivity to this promising new agent.
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30
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Risinger AL, Westbrook CD, Encinas A, Mülbaier M, Schultes CM, Wawro S, Lewis JD, Janssen B, Giles FJ, Mooberry SL. ELR510444, a novel microtubule disruptor with multiple mechanisms of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:652-60. [PMID: 21148249 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.175331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several microtubule-targeting drugs are in clinical use, there remains a need to identify novel agents that can overcome the limitations of current therapies, including acquired and innate drug resistance and undesired side effects. In this study, we show that ELR510444 has potent microtubule-disrupting activity, causing a loss of cellular microtubules and the formation of aberrant mitotic spindles and leading to mitotic arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells. ELR510444 potently inhibited cell proliferation with an IC(50) value of 30.9 nM in MDA-MB-231 cells, inhibited the rate and extent of purified tubulin assembly, and displaced colchicine from tubulin, indicating that the drug directly interacts with tubulin at the colchicine-binding site. ELR510444 is not a substrate for the P-glycoprotein drug transporter and retains activity in βIII-tubulin-overexpressing cell lines, suggesting that it circumvents both clinically relevant mechanisms of drug resistance to this class of agents. Our data show a close correlation between the concentration of ELR510444 required for inhibition of cellular proliferation and that required to cause significant loss of cellular microtubule density, consistent with its activity as a microtubule depolymerizer. ELR510444 also shows potent antitumor activity in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model with at least a 2-fold therapeutic window. Studies in tumor endothelial cells show that a low concentration of ELR510444 (30 nM) rapidly alters endothelial cell shape, similar to the effect of the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin A4. These results suggest that ELR510444 is a novel microtubule-disrupting agent with potential antivascular effects and in vivo antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Sharma S, Poliks B, Chiauzzi C, Ravindra R, Blanden AR, Bane S. Characterization of the colchicine binding site on avian tubulin isotype betaVI. Biochemistry 2010; 49:2932-42. [PMID: 20178367 DOI: 10.1021/bi100159p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin, the basic component of microtubules, is present in most eukaryotic cells as multiple gene products, called isotypes. The major tubulin isotypes are highly conserved in terms of structure and drug binding capabilities. Tubulin isotype betaVI, however, is significantly divergent from the other isotypes in sequence, assembly properties, and function. It is the major beta-tubulin isotype of hematopoietic tissue and forms the microtubules of platelet marginal bands. The interaction of the major tubulin isotypes betaI, betaII, betaIII, and betaIotaV with antimicrotubule drugs has been widely studied, but little is known about the drug binding properties of tubulin isotype betaVI. In this investigation, we characterize the activity of various colchicine site ligands with tubulin isolated from Gallus gallus erythrocytes (CeTb), which is approximately 95% betaVI. Colchicine binding is thought to be a universal property of higher eukaryotic tubulin; however, we were unable to detect colchicine binding to CeTb under any experimental conditions. Podophyllotoxin and nocodazole, other colchicine site ligands with divergent structures, were able to inhibit paclitaxel-induced CeTb assembly. Surprisingly, the colchicine isomer allocolchicine also inhibited CeTb assembly and displayed measurable, moderate affinity for CeTb (K(a) = 0.18 x 10(5) M(-1) vs 5.0 x 10(5) M(-1) for bovine brain tubulin). Since allocolchicine and colchicine differ in their C ring structures, the two C ring colchicine analogues were also tested for CeTb binding. Kinetic experiments indicate that thiocolchicine and chlorocolchicine bind to CeTb, but very slowly and with low affinity. Molecular modeling of CeTb identified five divergent amino acid residues within 6 A of the colchicine binding site compared to betaI, betaII, and betaIV; three of these amino acids are also altered in betaIII-tubulin. Interestingly, the altered amino acids are in the vicinity of the A ring region of the colchicine binding site rather than the C ring region. We propose that the amino acid differences in the binding site constrict the A ring binding domain in CeTb, which interferes with the positioning of the trimethoxyphenyl A ring and prevents C ring binding site interactions from efficiently occurring. Allocolchicine is able to accommodate the altered binding mode because of its smaller ring size and more flexible C ring substituents. The sequence of the colchicine binding domain of CeTb isotype betaVI is almost identical to that of its human hematopoietic counterpart. Thus, through analysis of the interactions of ligands with CeTb, it may be possible to discover colchicine site ligands that specifically target tubulin in human hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhada Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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Class III beta-tubulin expression and in vitro resistance to microtubule targeting agents. Br J Cancer 2009; 102:316-24. [PMID: 20029418 PMCID: PMC2816659 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class III beta-tubulin overexpression is a marker of resistance to microtubule disruptors in vitro, in vivo and in the clinic for many cancers, including breast cancer. The aims of this study were to develop a new model of class III beta-tubulin expression, avoiding the toxicity associated with chronic overexpression of class III beta-tubulin, and study the efficacy of a panel of clinical and pre-clinical drugs in this model. METHODS MCF-7 (ER+ve) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-ve) were either transfected with pALTER-TUBB3 or siRNA-tubb3 and 24 h later exposed to test compounds for a further 96 h for proliferation studies. RT-PCR and immunoblotting were used to monitor the changes in class III beta-tubulin mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS The model allowed for subtle changes in class III beta-tubulin expression to be achieved, which had no direct effect on the viability of the cells. Class III beta-tubulin overexpression conferred resistance to paclitaxel and vinorelbine, whereas downregulation of class III beta-tubulin rendered cells more sensitive to these two drugs. The efficacy of the colchicine-site binding agents, 2-MeOE2, colchicine, STX140, ENMD1198 and STX243 was unaffected by the changes in class III beta-tubulin expression. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the effect of class III beta-tubulin overexpression may depend on where the drug's binding site is located on the tubulin. Therefore, this study highlights for the first time the potential key role of targeting the colchicine-binding site, to develop new treatment modalities for taxane-refractory breast cancer.
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Katsetos CD, Dráberová E, Legido A, Dumontet C, Dráber P. Tubulin targets in the pathobiology and therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. I. Class III beta-tubulin. J Cell Physiol 2009; 221:505-13. [PMID: 19650075 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadliest form of primary brain cancer in adults. Despite advances in molecular biology and genetics of gliomas currently there is no effective treatment or promising molecularly targeted experimental therapeutic strategies for these tumors. In previous studies we have shown aberrant overexpression of the class III beta-tubulin isotype (betaIII-tubulin) in GBM and have proposed that this change may reflect perturbations in microtubule dynamics associated with glioma tumorigenesis, tumor progression and malignant transformation into GBM. This minireview focuses on microtubules and tubulin as emerging targets in potential therapy of GBM using a new class of betaIII-tubulin-targeted drugs in the light of recent developments concerning the function and potential role of this isotype in clinically aggressive tumor behavior, cancer stem cells, tumor hypoxia and chemoresistance to tubulin binding agents, principally taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos D Katsetos
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine and Section of Neurology, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19134, USA
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Cicchillitti L, Di Michele M, Urbani A, Ferlini C, Donat MB, Scambia G, Rotilio D. Comparative proteomic analysis of paclitaxel sensitive A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cell line and its resistant counterpart A2780TC1 by 2D-DIGE: the role of ERp57. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1902-12. [PMID: 19714814 DOI: 10.1021/pr800856b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer mortality. Despite good response to surgery and initial chemotherapy, chemoresistance occurrence represents a major obstacle to a successful therapy. To better understand biological mechanisms at the basis of paclitaxel resistance, a comparative proteomic approach based on DIGE coupled with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS) was applied to the human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and its paclitaxel resistant counterpart A2780TC1. Most of the differentially expressed proteins between the two cell lines belong to the class of stress response (29%), metabolism (21%), and cell cycle and apoptosis (17%). We focused on proteins which were most strongly modulated by paclitaxel resistance and in particular on the disulphide isomerase ERp57, which may represent a chemoresistance biomarker. ERp57 was found to interact with class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3), involved in paclitaxel resistance in ovarian and other cancers. Moreover, we demonstrated a novel localization of this protein in cytoskeleton and described that ERp57/TUBB3 interaction occurs also in the nuclear compartment and in association with a multimeric complex formed by nucleolin, nucleophosmin, hnRNPK, and mortalin. Our data suggest that ERp57 plays an important role in chemoresistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer by modulating the attachment of microtubules to chromosomes following paclitaxel treatment through its interaction with TUBB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cicchillitti
- Department of Oncology, "RE ARTU" Laboratory of Analytical Techniques and Proteomics, "John Paul II" Center for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy
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Abstract
There has recently been a dramatic expansion in research in the area of redox biology with systems that utilize thiols to perform redox chemistry being central to redox control. Thiol-based reactions occur in proteins involved in platelet function, including extracellular platelet proteins. The alphaIIbbeta3 fibrinogen receptor contains free thiols that are required for the activation of this receptor to a fibrinogen-binding conformation. This process is under enzymatic control, with protein disulfide isomerase playing a central role in the activation of alphaIIbbeta3. Other integrins, such as the alpha2beta1 collagen receptor on platelets, are also regulated by protein disulfide isomerase and thiol metabolism. Low molecular weight thiols that are found in blood regulate these processes by converting redox sensitive disulfide bonds to thiols and by providing the appropriate redox potential for these reactions. Additional mechanisms of redox control of platelets involve nitric oxide that inhibits platelet responses, and reactive oxygen species that potentiate platelet thrombus formation. Specific nitrosative or oxidative modifications of thiol groups in platelets may modulate platelet function. Since many biologic processes are regulated by redox reactions that involve surface thiols, the extracellular redox state can have an important influence on health and disease status and may be a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Essex
- Department of Medicine and the Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
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Risinger AL, Jackson EM, Polin LA, Helms GL, LeBoeuf DA, Joe PA, Hopper-Borge E, Ludueña RF, Kruh GD, Mooberry SL. The taccalonolides: microtubule stabilizers that circumvent clinically relevant taxane resistance mechanisms. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8881-8. [PMID: 18974132 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The taccalonolides are a class of structurally and mechanistically distinct microtubule-stabilizing agents isolated from Tacca chantrieri. A crucial feature of the taxane family of microtubule stabilizers is their susceptibility to cellular resistance mechanisms including overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7), and the betaIII isotype of tubulin. The ability of four taccalonolides, A, E, B, and N, to circumvent these multidrug resistance mechanisms was studied. Taccalonolides A, E, B, and N were effective in vitro against cell lines that overexpress Pgp and MRP7. In addition, taccalonolides A and E were highly active in vivo against a doxorubicin- and paclitaxel-resistant Pgp-expressing tumor, Mam17/ADR. An isogenic HeLa-derived cell line that expresses the betaIII isotype of tubulin was generated to evaluate the effect of betaIII-tubulin on drug sensitivity. When compared with parental HeLa cells, the betaIII-tubulin-overexpressing cell line was less sensitive to paclitaxel, docetaxel, epothilone B, and vinblastine. In striking contrast, the betaIII-tubulin-overexpressing cell line showed greater sensitivity to all four taccalonolides. These data cumulatively suggest that the taccalonolides have advantages over the taxanes in their ability to circumvent multiple drug resistance mechanisms. The ability of the taccalonolides to overcome clinically relevant mechanisms of drug resistance in vitro and in vivo confirms that the taccalonolides represent a valuable addition to the family of microtubule-stabilizing compounds with clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Risinger
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
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