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Das S, Valoor R, Ratnayake P, Basu B. Low-Concentration Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel with Tunable 3D Extrusion Printability and Cytocompatibility: Exploring Quantitative Process Science and Biophysical Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2809-2835. [PMID: 38602318 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of hydrogels with a wide spectrum of compositions has been widely investigated. Despite such efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the correlation among the process science, buildability, and biophysical properties of the hydrogels for a targeted clinical application has not been developed in the scientific community. In particular, the quantitative analysis across the entire developmental path for 3D extrusion bioprinting of such scaffolds is not widely reported. In the present work, we addressed this gap by using widely investigated biomaterials, such as gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), as a model system. Using extensive experiments and quantitative analysis, we analyzed how the individual components of methacrylated carboxymethyl cellulose (mCMC), needle-shaped nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp), and poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA) with GelMA as baseline matrix of the multifunctional bioink can influence the biophysical properties, printability, and cellular functionality. The complex interplay among the biomaterial ink formulations, viscoelastic properties, and printability toward the large structure buildability (structurally stable cube scaffolds with 15 mm edge) has been explored. Intriguingly, the incorporation of PEGDA into the GelMA/mCMC matrix offered improved compressive modulus (∼40-fold), reduced swelling ratio (∼2-fold), and degradation rates (∼30-fold) compared to pristine GelMA. The correlation among microstructural pore architecture, biophysical properties, and cytocompatibility is also established for the biomaterial inks. These photopolymerizable bio(material)inks served as the platform for the growth and development of bone and cartilage matrix when human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are either seeded on two-dimensional (2D) substrates or encapsulated on 3D scaffolds. Taken together, this present study unequivocally establishes a significant step forward in the development of a broad spectrum of shape-fidelity compliant bioink for the 3D bioprinting of multifunctional scaffolds and emphasizes the need for invoking more quantitative analysis in establishing process-microstructure-property correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Das
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Remya Valoor
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Praneeth Ratnayake
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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2
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Soliman BG, Longoni A, Major GS, Lindberg GCJ, Choi YS, Zhang YS, Woodfield TBF, Lim KS. Harnessing Macromolecular Chemistry to Design Hydrogel Micro- and Macro-Environments. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300457. [PMID: 38035637 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within three-dimensional hydrogels is a promising approach to mimic tissues. However, true biomimicry of the intricate microenvironment, biophysical and biochemical gradients, and the macroscale hierarchical spatial organizations of native tissues is an unmet challenge within tissue engineering. This review provides an overview of the macromolecular chemistries that have been applied toward the design of cell-friendly hydrogels, as well as their application toward controlling biophysical and biochemical bulk and gradient properties of the microenvironment. Furthermore, biofabrication technologies provide the opportunity to simultaneously replicate macroscale features of native tissues. Biofabrication strategies are reviewed in detail with a particular focus on the compatibility of these strategies with the current macromolecular toolkit described for hydrogel design and the challenges associated with their clinical translation. This review identifies that the convergence of the ever-expanding macromolecular toolkit and technological advancements within the field of biofabrication, along with an improved biological understanding, represents a promising strategy toward the successful tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram G Soliman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gretel S Major
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Gabriella C J Lindberg
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
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3
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Mierke CT. Extracellular Matrix Cues Regulate Mechanosensing and Mechanotransduction of Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:96. [PMID: 38201302 PMCID: PMC10777970 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular biophysical properties have particular implications for a wide spectrum of cellular behaviors and functions, including growth, motility, differentiation, apoptosis, gene expression, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, and signal transduction including mechanotransduction. Cells not only react to unambiguously mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM), but can occasionally manipulate the mechanical features of the matrix in parallel with biological characteristics, thus interfering with downstream matrix-based cues in both physiological and pathological processes. Bidirectional interactions between cells and (bio)materials in vitro can alter cell phenotype and mechanotransduction, as well as ECM structure, intentionally or unintentionally. Interactions between cell and matrix mechanics in vivo are of particular importance in a variety of diseases, including primarily cancer. Stiffness values between normal and cancerous tissue can range between 500 Pa (soft) and 48 kPa (stiff), respectively. Even the shear flow can increase from 0.1-1 dyn/cm2 (normal tissue) to 1-10 dyn/cm2 (cancerous tissue). There are currently many new areas of activity in tumor research on various biological length scales, which are highlighted in this review. Moreover, the complexity of interactions between ECM and cancer cells is reduced to common features of different tumors and the characteristics are highlighted to identify the main pathways of interaction. This all contributes to the standardization of mechanotransduction models and approaches, which, ultimately, increases the understanding of the complex interaction. Finally, both the in vitro and in vivo effects of this mechanics-biology pairing have key insights and implications for clinical practice in tumor treatment and, consequently, clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Guerreiro BM, Lou LT, Rubinsky B, Freitas F. Ice modulatory effect of the polysaccharide FucoPol in directional freezing. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8978-8987. [PMID: 37964678 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01154b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Directional freezing harnesses crystal growth development to create aligned solid structures or etchable patterns, useful for directed ice growth in cryobiology and cryoprinting for tissue engineering. We have delved into the ice-modulating properties of FucoPol, a fucose-rich, bio-based polysaccharide. Previous research on FucoPol revealed its non-colligative hysteresis in kinetic freezing point, reduced crystal dimensions and cryoprotective effect. Here, FucoPol reshaped developing sharp, anisotropic obloid ice dendrites into linearly-aligned, thin, isotropic spicules or tubules (cooling rate-dependent morphology). The effect was enhanced by increased concentration and decreased cooling rate, but major reshaping was observed with 5 μM and below. These structures boasted remarkable enhancements: uniform alignment (3-fold), tip symmetry (5.9-fold) and reduced thickness (5.3-fold). The ice-modulating capability of FucoPol resembles the Gibbs-Thomson effect of antifreeze proteins, in particular the ice reshaping profiles of type I antifreeze proteins and rattlesnake venom lectins, evidenced by a 52.6 ± 2.2° contact angle (θ) and spicular structure generation. The high viscosity of FucoPol solutions, notably higher than that of sucrose, plays a crucial role. This viscosity dynamically intensifies during directional freezing, leading to a diffusion-limited impediment that influences dendritic formation. Essentially, the ice-modulating prowess of FucoPol not only reinforces its established cryoprotective qualities but also hints at its potential utility in applications that harness advantageous ice growth for intentional structuring. For instance, its potential in cryobioprinting is noteworthy, offering an economical, biodegradable resource, of easy removal, sidestepping the need for toxic reagents. Moreover, FucoPol fine-tunes resulting ice structures, enabling the ice-etching of biologically relevant patterns within biocompatible matrices for advanced tissue engineering endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Guerreiro
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Leo T Lou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Boris Rubinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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5
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Ahmed RK, Abdalrahman T, Davies NH, Vermolen F, Franz T. Mathematical model of mechano-sensing and mechanically induced collective motility of cells on planar elastic substrates. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:809-824. [PMID: 36814004 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cells mechanically interact with their environment to sense, for example, topography, elasticity and mechanical cues from other cells. Mechano-sensing has profound effects on cellular behaviour, including motility. The current study aims to develop a mathematical model of cellular mechano-sensing on planar elastic substrates and demonstrate the model's predictive capabilities for the motility of individual cells in a colony. In the model, a cell is assumed to transmit an adhesion force, derived from a dynamic focal adhesion integrin density, that locally deforms a substrate, and to sense substrate deformation originating from neighbouring cells. The substrate deformation from multiple cells is expressed as total strain energy density with a spatially varying gradient. The magnitude and direction of the gradient at the cell location define the cell motion. Cell-substrate friction, partial motion randomness, and cell death and division are included. The substrate deformation by a single cell and the motility of two cells are presented for several substrate elasticities and thicknesses. The collective motility of 25 cells on a uniform substrate mimicking the closure of a circular wound of 200 µm is predicted for deterministic and random motion. Cell motility on substrates with varying elasticity and thickness is explored for four cells and 15 cells, the latter again mimicking wound closure. Wound closure by 45 cells is used to demonstrate the simulation of cell death and division during migration. The mathematical model can adequately simulate the mechanically induced collective cell motility on planar elastic substrates. The model is suitable for extension to other cell and substrates shapes and the inclusion of chemotactic cues, offering the potential to complement in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham K Ahmed
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
| | - Tamer Abdalrahman
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Computational Mechanobiology, Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neil H Davies
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, MRC IUCHRU, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Fred Vermolen
- Computational Mathematics Group, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Thomas Franz
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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6
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Tang RZ, Liu XQ. Biophysical cues of in vitro biomaterials-based artificial extracellular matrix guide cancer cell plasticity. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100607. [PMID: 36960095 PMCID: PMC10027567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence supports a role for the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cancer plasticity across multiple tumor types. The lack of in vitro models that represent the native ECMs is a significant challenge for cancer research and drug discovery. Therefore, a major motivation for developing new tumor models is to create the artificial ECM in vitro. Engineered biomaterials can closely mimic the architectural and mechanical properties of ECM to investigate their specific effects on cancer progression, offering an alternative to animal models for the testing of cancer cell behaviors. In this review, we focused on the biomaterials from different sources applied in the fabrication of the artificial ECM and their biophysical cues to recapitulate key features of tumor niche. Furthermore, we summarized how the distinct biophysical cues guided cell behaviors of cancer plasticity, including morphology, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs), proliferation, migration/invasion and drug resistance. We also discuss the future opportunities in using the artificial ECM for applications of tumorigenesis research and precision medicine, as well as provide useful messages of principles for designing suitable biomaterial scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Zhi Tang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, PR China
| | - Xi-Qiu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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7
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Gourmet LE, Walker-Samuel S. The role of physics in multiomics and cancer evolution. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1068053. [PMID: 37007140 PMCID: PMC10063960 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1068053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between the physical environment and phenotype of a tumour, and genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and epigenomics, are increasingly known to have a significant influence on cancer development, progression and evolution. For example, mechanical stress can alter both genome maintenance and histone modifications, which consequently affect transcription and the epigenome. Increased stiffness has been linked to genetic heterogeneity and is responsible for heterochromatin accumulations. Stiffness thereby leads to deregulation in gene expression, disrupts the proteome and can impact angiogenesis. Several studies have shown how the physics of cancer can influence diverse cancer hallmarks such as resistance to cell death, angiogenesis and evasion from immune destruction. In this review, we will explain the role that physics of cancer plays in cancer evolution and explore how multiomics are being used to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie E. Gourmet
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Bouzos E, Asuri P. Sandwich Culture Platforms to Investigate the Roles of Stiffness Gradients and Cell–Matrix Adhesions in Cancer Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061729. [PMID: 36980615 PMCID: PMC10046033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the key role of cell migration in cancer metastasis, there is a critical need for in vitro models that better capture the complexities of in vivo cancer cell microenvironments. Using both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture models, recent research has demonstrated the role of both matrix and ligand densities in cell migration. Here, we leveraged our previously developed 2.5D sandwich culture platform to foster a greater understanding of the adhesion-dependent migration of glioblastoma cells with a stiffness gradient. Using this model, we demonstrated the differential role of stiffness gradients in migration in the presence and absence of adhesion moieties. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between the density of cell adhesion moieties and migration, and a diminished role of stiffness gradients at higher densities of adhesion moieties. These results, i.e., the reduced impact of stiffness gradients on adhesion-dependent migration relative to adhesion-independent migration, were confirmed using inhibitors of both mechanotransduction and cell adhesion. Taken together, our work demonstrates the utility of sandwich culture platforms that present stiffness gradients to study both adhesion-dependent and -independent cell migration and to help expand the existing portfolio of in vitro models of cancer metastasis.
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9
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Materials and extracellular matrix rigidity highlighted in tissue damages and diseases: Implication for biomaterials design and therapeutic targets. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:381-403. [PMID: 35784640 PMCID: PMC9234013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigidity (or stiffness) of materials and extracellular matrix has proven to be one of the most significant extracellular physicochemical cues that can control diverse cell behaviors, such as contractility, motility, and spreading, and the resultant pathophysiological phenomena. Many 2D materials engineered with tunable rigidity have enabled researchers to elucidate the roles of matrix biophysical cues in diverse cellular events, including migration, lineage specification, and mechanical memory. Moreover, the recent findings accumulated under 3D environments with viscoelastic and remodeling properties pointed to the importance of dynamically changing rigidity in cell fate control, tissue repair, and disease progression. Thus, here we aim to highlight the works related with material/matrix-rigidity-mediated cell and tissue behaviors, with a brief outlook into the studies on the effects of material/matrix rigidity on cell behaviors in 2D systems, further discussion of the events and considerations in tissue-mimicking 3D conditions, and then examination of the in vivo findings that concern material/matrix rigidity. The current discussion will help understand the material/matrix-rigidity-mediated biological phenomena and further leverage the concepts to find therapeutic targets and to design implantable materials for the treatment of damaged and diseased tissues. Discuss the cutting-edge findings on the role of matrix rigidity in dictating diverse cell behaviors. Underscore the dynamic matrix rigidity that interplays with cells, and the related pathophysiological phenomena. Illuminate the significance of matrix rigidity in clinically-relevant settings.
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10
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Andriotis OG, Nalbach M, Thurner PJ. Mechanics of isolated individual collagen fibrils. Acta Biomater 2022; 163:35-49. [PMID: 36509398 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils are the fundamental structural elements in vertebrate animals and compose a framework that provides mechanical support to load-bearing tissues. Understanding how these fibrils initially form and mechanically function has been the focus of a myriad of detailed investigations over the last few decades. From these studies a great amount of knowledge has been acquired as well as a number of new questions to consider. In this review, we examine the current state of our knowledge of the mechanical properties of extant fibrils. We emphasize on the mechanical response and related deformation of collagen fibrils upon tension, which is the predominant load imposed in most collagen-rich tissues. We also illuminate the gaps in knowledge originating from the intriguing results that the field is still trying to interpret. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Collagen is the result of millions of years of biological evolution and is a unique family of proteins, the majority of which provide mechanical support to biological tissues. Cells produce collagen molecules that self-assemble into larger structures, known as collagen fibrils. As simple as they appear under an optical microscope, collagen fibrils display a complex ultrastructural architecture tuned to the external forces that are imposed upon them. Even more complex is the way collagen fibrils deform under loading, and the nature of the mechanisms that drive their formation in the first place. Here, we present a cogent synthesis of the state-of-knowledge of collagen fibril mechanics. We focus on the information we have from in vitro experiments on individual, isolated from tissues, collagen fibrils and the knowledge available from in silico tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis G Andriotis
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, A-1060, Austria
| | - Mathis Nalbach
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, A-1060, Austria
| | - Philipp J Thurner
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, A-1060, Austria.
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11
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Tortorici M, Brauer E, Thiele M, Duda GN, Petersen A. Characterizing cell recruitment into isotropic and anisotropic biomaterials by quantification of spatial density gradients in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:939713. [PMID: 35992332 PMCID: PMC9389461 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.939713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of cell-free in situ tissue engineering approaches depends on an appropriate recruitment of autologous cells from neighboring tissues. This identifies cellular migration as a critical parameter for the pre-clinical characterization of biomaterials. Here, we present a new method to quantify both the extent and the spatial anisotropy of cell migration in vitro. For this purpose, a cell spheroid is used as a cell source to provide a high number of cells for cellular invasion and, at the same time, to guarantee a controlled and spatially localized contact to the material. Therefore, current limitations of assays based on 2D cell sources can be overcome. We tested the method on three biomaterials that are in clinical use for soft tissue augmentation in maxilla-facial surgery and a substrate used for 3D in vitro cell culture. The selected biomaterials were all collagen-derived, but differed in their internal architecture. The analysis of cellular isodensity profiles within the biomaterials allowed the identification of the extent and the preferential directions of migration, as well as their relation to the biomaterials and their specific pore morphologies. The higher cell density within the biomaterials resulting from the here-introduced cell spheroid assay compared to established 2D cell layer assays suggests a better representation of the in vivo situation. Consequently, the presented method is proposed to advance the pre-clinical evaluation of cell recruitment into biomaterials, possibly leading to an improved prediction of the regeneration outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tortorici
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Brauer
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Thiele
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ansgar Petersen,
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12
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Cao Z, Yuan H, Li N, Liu X, Qu X, Xing C. The preparation of biomineralized PIC/HA hybrid composites with strain-stiffening and the effect on MC3T3-E1 cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200135. [PMID: 35365902 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) with fibrous structure and complex nonlinear mechanics has been attracting intensive attention over the past decades both in material science and tissue engineering. Polyisocyanopeptide (PIC) hydrogels are a class of fully synthetic materials that can mimic biogels, such as fibrin and collagen, in nearly all aspects, particularly the micron-sized gel network and the strong strain-stiffening behavior in the biological regime. Here, we constructed a biomimetic PIC/hydroxyapatite (HA) hybrid composite through an enzymatic biomineralization strategy. HA biominerals grew on PIC bundles in situ catalyzed by the embedded alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which further crosslinked the gel networks and reinforced the mechanical property of PIC hydrogels. Significantly, PIC/HA composites exhibited ultra-responsive nonlinear mechanics with higher sensitivity to mechanical stress compared with those without biomineralization. As a consequence, the presence of HA can provide cell adhesion sites for PIC gels and induce osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts by virtue of the changes in mechanical properties. With these outstanding properties, therefore, PIC/HA composites present promising prospects in bone tissue engineering as biomimetic ECM. polyisocyanopeptide hydrogel; strain-stiffening; biomimetic extracellular matrix; biomineralization This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanshuo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Chengfen Xing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
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13
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Giliomee J, du Toit LC, Klumperman B, Choonara YE. Investigation of the 3D Printability of Covalently Cross-Linked Polypeptide-Based Hydrogels. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7556-7571. [PMID: 35284718 PMCID: PMC8908529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 3D printability of poly(l-lysine-ran-l-alanine) and four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (P(KA)/4-PEG) hydrogels as 3D biomaterial inks was investigated using two approaches to develop P(KA)/4-PEG into 3D biomaterial inks. Only the "composite microgel" inks were 3D printable. In this approach, P(KA)/4-PEG hydrogels were processed into microparticles and incorporated into a polymer solution to produce a composite microgel paste. Polymer solutions composed of either 4-arm PEG-acrylate (4-PEG-Ac), chitosan (CS), or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were used as the matrix material for the composite paste. The three respective composite microgel inks displayed good 3D printability in terms of extrudability, layer-stacking ability, solidification mechanism, and 3D print fidelity. The biocompatibility of P(KA)/4-PEG hydrogels was retained in the 3D printed scaffolds, and the biofunctionality of bioinert 4-PEG and PVA hydrogels was enhanced. CS-P(KA)/4-PEG inks demonstrated excellent 3D printability and proved highly successful in printing scaffolds with a narrow strand diameter (∼200 μm) and narrow strand spacing (∼500 μm) while the integrity of the vertical and horizontal pores was maintained. Using different needle IDs and strand spacing, certain physical properties of the hydrogels could be tuned, while the 3D printed porosity was kept constant. This included the surface area to volume ratio, the macropore sizes, and the mechanical properties. The scaffolds demonstrated adequate adhesion and spreading of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts seeded on the scaffold surfaces for 4 days. Consequently, the scaffolds were considered suitable for potential applications in wound healing, as well as other soft tissue engineering applications. Apart from the contribution to new 3D biomaterial inks, this work also presented a new and facile method of processing covalently cross-linked hydrogels into 3D printed scaffolds. This could potentially "unlock" the 3D printability of biofunctional hydrogels, which are generally excluded from 3D printing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnel Giliomee
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South
Africa
| | - Lisa C. du Toit
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South
Africa
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, De Beers Street, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy
and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South
Africa
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14
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Ippolito A, Deshpande VS. Contact guidance via heterogeneity of substrate elasticity. Acta Biomater 2021; 163:158-169. [PMID: 34808415 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Contact guidance, the widely-known phenomenon of cell alignment, is an essential step in the organization of adherent cells. This guidance is known to occur by, amongst other things, anisotropic features in the environment including elastic heterogeneity. To understand the origins of this guidance we employed a novel statistical thermodynamics framework, which recognises the non-thermal fluctuations in the cellular response, for modelling the response of the cells seeded on substrates with alternating soft and stiff stripes. Consistent with observations, the modelling framework predicts the existence of three regimes of cell guidance: (i) in regime I for stripe widths much larger than the cell size guidance is primarily entropic; (ii) for stripe widths on the order of the cell size in regime II guidance is biochemically mediated and accompanied by changes to the cell morphology while (iii) in regime III for stripe widths much less than the cell size there is no guidance as cells cannot sense the substrate heterogeneity. Guidance in regimes I and II is due to "molli-avoidance" with cells primarily residing on the stiff stripes. While the molli-avoidance tendency is not lost with decreasing density of collagen coating the substrate, the reduced focal adhesion formation with decreasing collagen density tends to inhibit contact guidance. Our results provide clear physical insights into the interplay between cell mechano-sensitivity and substrate elastic heterogeneity that ultimately leads to the contact guidance of cells in heterogeneous tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cellular morphology and organization play a crucial role in the micro-architecture of tissues and dictates their biological and mechanical functioning. Despite the importance of cellular organization in all facets of tissue biology, the fundamental question of how a cell organizes itself in an anisotropic environment is still poorly understood. We employ a novel statistical thermodynamics framework which recognises the non-thermal fluctuations in the cellular response to investigate cell guidance on substrates with alternating soft and stiff stripes. The propensity of cells to primarily reside on stiff stripes results in strong guidance when the period of the stripes is larger than the cell size. For smaller stripe periods, cells sense a homogeneous substrate and guidance is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ippolito
- Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
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15
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Xu Q, Torres JE, Hakim M, Babiak PM, Pal P, Battistoni CM, Nguyen M, Panitch A, Solorio L, Liu JC. Collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2021; 146:100641. [PMID: 34483486 PMCID: PMC8409465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2021.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are the main components of the ECM in many tissues. As a result, hydrogels prepared from collagen and HA hold inherent advantages in mimicking the structure and function of the native ECM. Numerous studies have focused on the development of collagen and HA hydrogels and their biomedical applications. In this extensive review, we provide a summary and analysis of the sources, features, and modifications of collagen and HA. Specifically, we highlight the fabrication, properties, and potential biomedical applications as well as promising commercialization of hydrogels based on these two natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jessica E. Torres
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mazin Hakim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Paulina M Babiak
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carly M Battistoni
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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16
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Naghieh S, Lindberg G, Tamaddon M, Liu C. Biofabrication Strategies for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Evolution towards Clinical Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:123. [PMID: 34562945 PMCID: PMC8466376 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8090123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication has emerged as an attractive strategy to personalise medical care and provide new treatments for common organ damage or diseases. While it has made impactful headway in e.g., skin grafting, drug testing and cancer research purposes, its application to treat musculoskeletal tissue disorders in a clinical setting remains scarce. Albeit with several in vitro breakthroughs over the past decade, standard musculoskeletal treatments are still limited to palliative care or surgical interventions with limited long-term effects and biological functionality. To better understand this lack of translation, it is important to study connections between basic science challenges and developments with translational hurdles and evolving frameworks for this fully disruptive technology that is biofabrication. This review paper thus looks closely at the processing stage of biofabrication, specifically at the bioinks suitable for musculoskeletal tissue fabrication and their trends of usage. This includes underlying composite bioink strategies to address the shortfalls of sole biomaterials. We also review recent advances made to overcome long-standing challenges in the field of biofabrication, namely bioprinting of low-viscosity bioinks, controlled delivery of growth factors, and the fabrication of spatially graded biological and structural scaffolds to help biofabricate more clinically relevant constructs. We further explore the clinical application of biofabricated musculoskeletal structures, regulatory pathways, and challenges for clinical translation, while identifying the opportunities that currently lie closest to clinical translation. In this article, we consider the next era of biofabrication and the overarching challenges that need to be addressed to reach clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Naghieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Gabriella Lindberg
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Maryam Tamaddon
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
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17
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Li Y, Zhang P, Zhang X, Bi X, Wu M, Zou J, Wang Z, Lu F, Dong Z, Gao J. Adipose matrix complex: a high-rigidity collagen-rich adipose-derived material for fat grafting. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14910-14923. [PMID: 34111029 PMCID: PMC8221321 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the low percentage of collagen, the rigid support capacity of fat grafts remains unsatisfactory for some clinical applications. In this study, we evaluated a strategy in which adipose matrix complex (AMC) was collected via a mechanical process and transplanted for supportive filling of the face. Our AMC samples were collected from adipose tissue by a filter device consisting of a sleeve, three internal sieves, and a filter bag (100 mesh). AMC derived from adipose tissue had fewer cells than Coleman fat, but much higher levels of collagen and stiffness. Retention rates 90 days after transplantation in nude mice were higher for AMC than for Coleman fat (75±7.5% vs. 42±13.5%; P < 0.05). In addition, AMC maintained a higher stiffness (~6 kPa vs. ~2 kPa; P < 0.01) and stably retained a higher level of collagen. Our findings demonstrate that mechanical collection of AMC from adipose tissue is a practical method for improving fat graft retention and rigid support. This strategy has the potential to improve the quality of lipoaspirates for patients requiring rigid supportive filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Bi
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Zou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zijue Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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18
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Su CY, Burchett A, Dunworth M, Choi JS, Ewald AJ, Ahn EH, Kim DH. Engineering a 3D collective cancer invasion model with control over collagen fiber alignment. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120922. [PMID: 34126408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior to cancer cell invasion, the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the tumor is remodeled, such that circumferentially oriented matrix fibers become radially aligned. This predisposed radially aligned matrix structure serves as a critical regulator of cancer invasion. However, a biomimetic 3D model recapitulating a tumor's behavioral response to these ECM structures is not yet available. In this study, we have developed a phase-specific, force-guided method to establish a 3D dual topographical tumor model in which each tumor spheroid/organoid is surrounded by radially aligned collagen I fibers on one side and circumferentially oriented fibers on the opposite side. A coaxial rotating cylinder system was employed to construct the dual fiber topography and to pre-seed tumor spheroids/organoids within a single device. This system enables the application of different force mechanisms in the nucleation and elongation phases of collagen fiber polymerization to guide fiber alignment. In the nucleation phase, fiber alignment is enhanced by a horizontal laminar Couette flow driven by the inner cylinder rotation. In the elongation phase, fiber growth is guided by a vertical gravitational force to form a large aligned collagen matrix gel (35 × 25 × 0.5 mm) embedded with >1000 tumor spheroids. The fibers above each tumor spheroid are radially aligned along the direction of gravitational force in contrast to the circumferentially oriented fibers beneath each tumor spheroid/organoid, where the presence of the tumor interferes with the gravity-induced fiber alignment. After tumor invasion, there are more disseminated multicellular clusters on the radially aligned side, compared to the side of the tumor spheroid/organoid facing circumferentially oriented fibers. These results indicate that our 3D dual topographical model recapitulates the preference of tumors to invade and disseminate along radially aligned fibers. We anticipate that this 3D dual topographical model will have broad utility to those studying collective tumor invasion and that it has the potential to identify cancer invasion-targeted therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alice Burchett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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19
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Giliomee J, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Klumperman B, Choonara YE. Evaluation of Composition Effects on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Polypeptide-Based Hydrogels for Potential Application in Wound Healing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111828. [PMID: 34073003 PMCID: PMC8198873 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of crosslinking and concentration on the properties of a new library of low-concentration poly(Lys60-ran-Ala40)-based hydrogels for potential application in wound healing was investigated in order to correlate the hydrogel composition with the desired physicochemical and biofunctional properties to expand the assortment of poly-l-lysine (PLL)-based hydrogels suitable for wound healing. Controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and precise hydrogel compositions were used to customize the physicochemical and biofunctional properties of a library of new hydrogels comprising poly(l-lysine-ran-l-alanine) and four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (P(KA)/4-PEG). The chemical composition and degree of crosslinking via free amine quantification were analyzed for the P(KA)/4-PEG hydrogels. In addition, the rheological properties, pore morphology, swelling behavior and degradation time were characterized. Subsequently, in vitro cell studies for evaluation of the cytotoxicity and cell adhesion were performed. The 4 wt% 1:1 functional molar ratio hydrogel with P(KA) concentrations as low as 0.65 wt% demonstrated low cytotoxicity and desirable cell adhesion towards fibroblasts and thus displayed a desirable combination of properties for wound healing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnel Giliomee
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; (J.G.); (L.C.d.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Lisa C. du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; (J.G.); (L.C.d.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; (J.G.); (L.C.d.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; (J.G.); (L.C.d.T.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-717-2052
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20
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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21
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He YJ, Santana MF, Staneviciute A, Pimentel MB, Yang F, Goes J, Kawaji K, Vaicik MK, Abdulhadi R, Hibino N, Papavasiliou G. Cell-Laden Gradient Hydrogel Scaffolds for Neovascularization of Engineered Tissues. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001706. [PMID: 33511790 PMCID: PMC8035317 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gradients in mechanical properties, physical architecture and biochemical composition exist in a variety of complex tissues, yet 3D in vitro models that enable investigation of these cues on cellular processes, especially those contributing to vascularization of engineered tissues are limited. Here, a photopolymerization approach to create cell-laden hydrogel biomaterials with decoupled and combined gradients in modulus, immobilized cell adhesive peptide (RGD) concentration, and proteolytic degradation enabling spatial encapsulation of vascular spheroids is reported to elucidate their impact on vascular sprouting in 3D culture. Vascular spheroids encapsulated in these gradient scaffolds exhibit spatial variations in total sprout length. Scaffolds presenting an immobilized RGD gradient promote biased vascular sprouting toward increasing RGD concentration. Importantly, biased sprouting is found to be dependent on immobilized RGD gradient characteristics, including magnitude and slope, with increases in these factors contributing to significant enhancements in biased sprouting responses. Conversely, reduction in biased sprouting responses is observed in combined gradient scaffolds possessing opposing gradients in RGD and modulus. The presented work is the first to demonstrate the use of a cell-laden biomaterial platform to systematically investigate the role of multiple scaffold gradients as well as gradient slope, magnitude and orientation on vascular sprouting responses in 3D culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng J He
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Suit E500, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Martin F Santana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Suite 314, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Austeja Staneviciute
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Suite 314, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marja B Pimentel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Suite 314, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Feipeng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Suite 314, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Jacob Goes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Suite 314, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Keigo Kawaji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Suite 314, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marcella K Vaicik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Suite 314, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Rayan Abdulhadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Suite 314, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Suit E500, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn Street, Suite 314, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
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22
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Chang CY, Lin CC. Hydrogel Models with Stiffness Gradients for Interrogating Pancreatic Cancer Cell Fate. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:37. [PMID: 33805737 PMCID: PMC8002168 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and has seen only modest improvements in patient survival rate over the past few decades. PDAC is highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, owing to the presence of a dense and hypovascularized fibrotic tissue, which is composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrices. Increase deposition and crosslinking of matrices by stromal cells lead to a heterogeneous microenvironment that aids in PDAC development. In the past decade, various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models have been developed to mimic and recapitulate aspects of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC. Advances in hydrogel chemistry and engineering should provide a venue for discovering new insights regarding how matrix properties govern PDAC cell growth, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. These engineered hydrogels are ideal for understanding how variation in matrix properties contributes to the progressiveness of cancer cells, including durotaxis, the directional migration of cells in response to a stiffness gradient. This review surveys the various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models and the methods to generate gradient stiffness for studying migration and other cancer cell fate processes in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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23
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Xue Y, Wang J, Ren K, Ji J. Deep Mining of Subtle Differences in Cell Morphology via Deep Learning. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 PR China
| | - Kefeng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 PR China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 PR China
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24
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Gamez C, Schneider-Wald B, Bieback K, Schuette A, Büttner S, Hafner M, Gretz N, Schwarz ML. Compression Bioreactor-Based Mechanical Loading Induces Mobilization of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells into Collagen Scaffolds In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218249. [PMID: 33158020 PMCID: PMC7672606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) is an avascular tissue composed of scattered chondrocytes embedded in a dense extracellular matrix, in which nourishment takes place via the synovial fluid at the surface. AC has a limited intrinsic healing capacity, and thus mainly surgical techniques have been used to relieve pain and improve function. Approaches to promote regeneration remain challenging. The microfracture (MF) approach targets the bone marrow (BM) as a source of factors and progenitor cells to heal chondral defects in situ by opening small holes in the subchondral bone. However, the original function of AC is not obtained yet. We hypothesize that mechanical stimulation can mobilize mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from BM reservoirs upon MF of the subchondral bone. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the counts of mobilized human BM-MSCs (hBM-MSCs) in alginate-laminin (alginate-Ln) or collagen-I (col-I) scaffolds upon intermittent mechanical loading. The mechanical set up within an established bioreactor consisted of 10% strain, 0.3 Hz, breaks of 10 s every 180 cycles for 24 h. Contrary to previous findings using porcine MSCs, no significant cell count was found for hBM-MSCs into alginate-Ln scaffolds upon mechanical stimulation (8 ± 5 viable cells/mm3 for loaded and 4 ± 2 viable cells/mm3 for unloaded alginate-Ln scaffolds). However, intermittent mechanical stimulation induced the mobilization of hBM-MSCs into col-I scaffolds 10-fold compared to the unloaded col-I controls (245 ± 42 viable cells/mm3 vs. 22 ± 6 viable cells/mm3, respectively; p-value < 0.0001). Cells that mobilized into the scaffolds by mechanical loading did not show morphological changes. This study confirmed that hBM-MSCs can be mobilized in vitro from a reservoir toward col-I but not alginate-Ln scaffolds upon intermittent mechanical loading, against gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gamez
- Section for Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (C.G.); (B.S.-W.); (A.S.)
| | - Barbara Schneider-Wald
- Section for Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (C.G.); (B.S.-W.); (A.S.)
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden Württemberg—Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Andy Schuette
- Section for Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (C.G.); (B.S.-W.); (A.S.)
| | - Sylvia Büttner
- Department for Statistical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University & Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Markus L. Schwarz
- Section for Experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (C.G.); (B.S.-W.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-4569
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25
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Petroll WM, Varner VD, Schmidtke DW. Keratocyte mechanobiology. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108228. [PMID: 32919993 PMCID: PMC7655662 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, corneal keratocytes reside within a complex 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of highly aligned collagen lamellae, growth factors, and other extracellular matrix components, and are subjected to various mechanical stimuli during developmental morphogenesis, fluctuations in intraocular pressure, and wound healing. The process by which keratocytes convert changes in mechanical stimuli (e.g. local topography, applied force, ECM stiffness) into biochemical signaling is known as mechanotransduction. Activation of the various mechanotransductive pathways can produce changes in cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Here we review how corneal keratocytes respond to and integrate different biochemical and biophysical factors. We first highlight how growth factors and other cytokines regulate the activity of Rho GTPases, cytoskeletal remodeling, and ultimately the mechanical phenotype of keratocytes. We then discuss how changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM have been shown to regulate keratocyte behavior in sophisticated 2D and 3D experimental models of the corneal microenvironment. Finally, we discuss how ECM topography and protein composition can modulate cell phenotypes, and review the different methods of fabricating in vitro mimics of corneal ECM topography, novel approaches for examining topographical effects in vivo, and the impact of different ECM glycoproteins and proteoglycans on keratocyte behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Victor D Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David W Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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26
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Zheng Y, Fan Q, Eddy CZ, Wang X, Sun B, Ye F, Jiao Y. Modeling multicellular dynamics regulated by extracellular-matrix-mediated mechanical communication via active particles with polarized effective attraction. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:052409. [PMID: 33327171 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.052409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is crucial to many physiological and pathological processes such as embryo development, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Recent experimental studies have indicated that the active traction forces generated by migrating cells in a fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) can mechanically remodel the ECM, giving rise to bundlelike mesostructures bridging individual cells. Such fiber bundles also enable long-range propagation of cellular forces, leading to correlated migration dynamics regulated by the mechanical communication among the cells. Motivated by these experimental discoveries, we develop an active-particle model with polarized effective attractions (APPA) to investigate emergent multicellular migration dynamics resulting from ECM-mediated mechanical communications. In particular, the APPA model generalizes the classic active-Brownian-particle (ABP) model by imposing a pairwise polarized attractive force between the particles, which depends on the instantaneous dynamic states of the particles and mimics the effective mutual pulling between the cells via the fiber bundle bridge. The APPA system exhibits enhanced aggregation behaviors compared to the classic ABP system, and the contrast is more apparent at lower particle densities and higher rotational diffusivities. Importantly, in contrast to the classic ABP system where the particle velocities are not correlated for all particle densities, the high-density phase of the APPA system exhibits strong dynamic correlations, which are characterized by the slowly decaying velocity correlation functions with a correlation length comparable to the linear size of the high-density phase domain (i.e., the cluster of particles). The strongly correlated multicellular dynamics predicted by the APPA model is subsequently verified in in vitro experiments using MCF-10A cells. Our studies indicate the importance of incorporating ECM-mediated mechanical coupling among the migrating cells for appropriately modeling emergent multicellular dynamics in complex microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Christopher Z Eddy
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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27
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Migration of the 3T3 Cell with a Lamellipodium on Various Stiffness Substrates—Tensegrity Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in mechanical stimuli and the physiological environment are sensed by the cell. Thesechanges influence the cell’s motility patterns. The cell’s directional migration is dependent on the substrate stiffness. To describe such behavior of a cell, a tensegrity model was used. Cells with an extended lamellipodium were modeled. The internal elastic strain energy of a cell attached to the substrates with different stiffnesses was evaluated. The obtained results show that on the stiffer substrate, the elastic strain energy of the cell adherent to this substrate decreases. Therefore, the substrate stiffness is one of the parameters that govern the cell’s directional movement.
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28
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Zhang J, Wehrle E, Adamek P, Paul GR, Qin XH, Rubert M, Müller R. Optimization of mechanical stiffness and cell density of 3D bioprinted cell-laden scaffolds improves extracellular matrix mineralization and cellular organization for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:307-322. [PMID: 32673752 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging technology in which cell-laden biomaterials are precisely dispersed to engineer artificial tissues that mimic aspects of the anatomical and structural complexity of relatively soft tissues such as skin, vessels, and cartilage. However, reproducing the highly mineralized and cellular diversity of bone tissue is still not easily achievable and is yet to be demonstrated. Here, an extrusion-based 3D bioprinting strategy is utilized to fabricate 3D bone-like tissue constructs containing osteogenic cellular organization. A simple and low-cost bioink for 3D bioprinting of bone-like tissue is prepared based on two unmodified polymers (alginate and gelatin) and combined with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). To form 3D bone-like tissue and bone cell phenotype, the influence of different scaffold stiffness and cell density of 3D bioprinted cell-laden porous scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation and bone-like tissue formation was investigated over time. Our results showed that soft scaffolds (0.8%alg, 0.66 ± 0.08 kPa) had higher DNA content, enhanced ALP activity and stimulated osteogenic differentiation than stiff scaffolds (1.8%alg, 5.4 ± 1.2 kPa). At day 42, significantly more mineralized tissue was formed in soft scaffolds than in stiff scaffolds (43.5 ± 7.1 mm3 vs. 22.6 ± 6.0 mm3). Importantly, immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated more osteocalcin protein expression in high mineral compared to low mineral regions. Additionally, cells in soft scaffolds exhibited osteoblast- and early osteocyte-related gene expression and 3D cellular network within the mineralized matrix at day 42. Furthermore, the results showed that cell density in 15 M cells/ml can promote cell-cell connections at day 7 and mineral formation at day 14, while 5 M cells/ml had the significantly higher mineral formation rate than 15 M cells/ml from day 14 to day 21. In summary, this work reports the formation of 3D bioprinted bone-like tissue using a simple and low-cost cell-laden bioink, which was optimized for stiffness and cell density, showing great promise for bone tissue engineering applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we presented for the first time a framework combining 3D bioprinting, bioreactor system and time-lapsed micro-CT monitoring to provide in vitro scaffold fabrication, maturation, and mineral visualization for bone tissue engineering. 3D bone-like tissue constructs have been formed via optimizing scaffold stiffness and cell density. The soft scaffolds had higher cell proliferation, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and stimulated osteogenic differentiation with 3D cellular network foramtion than stiff scaffolds. Significantly more mineralized bone-like tissue was formed in soft scaffolds than stiff scaffolds at day 42. Meanwhile, cell density in 15 M cells/ml can promote cell-cell connections and mineral formation in 14 days, while the higher mineral formation rate was found in 5 M cells/ml from day 14 to day 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Adamek
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Graeme R Paul
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Hua Qin
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina Rubert
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Coupling of Fibrin Reorganization and Fibronectin Patterning by Corneal Fibroblasts in Response to PDGF BB and TGFβ1. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030089. [PMID: 32784578 PMCID: PMC7552779 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that corneal fibroblasts within 3D fibrin matrices secrete, bind, and organize fibronectin into tracks that facilitate cell spreading and migration. Other cells use these fibronectin tracks as conduits, which leads to the development of an interconnected cell/fibronectin network. In this study, we investigate how cell-induced reorganization of fibrin correlates with fibronectin track formation in response to two growth factors present during wound healing: PDGF BB, which stimulates cell spreading and migration; and TGFβ1, which stimulates cellular contraction and myofibroblast transformation. Both PDGF BB and TGFβ1 stimulated global fibrin matrix contraction (p < 0.005); however, the cell and matrix patterning were different. We found that, during PDGF BB-induced cell spreading, fibronectin was organized simultaneously with the generation of tractional forces at the leading edge of pseudopodia. Over time this led to the formation of an interconnected network consisting of cells, fibronectin and compacted fibrin tracks. Following culture in TGFβ1, cells were less motile, produced significant local fibrin reorganization, and formed fewer cellular connections as compared to PDGF BB (p < 0.005). Although bands of compacted fibrin tracks developed in between neighboring cells, fibronectin labeling was not generally present along these tracks, and the correlation between fibrin and fibronectin labeling was significantly less than that observed in PDGF BB (p < 0.001). Taken together, our results show that cell-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganization can occur independently from fibronectin patterning. Nonetheless, both events seem to be coordinated, as corneal fibroblasts in PDGF BB secrete and organize fibronectin as they preferentially spread along compacted fibrin tracks between cells, producing an interconnected network in which cells, fibronectin and compacted fibrin tracks are highly correlated. This mechanism of patterning could contribute to the formation of organized cellular networks that have been observed following corneal injury and refractive surgery.
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30
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Karan P, Das SS, Mukherjee R, Chakraborty J, Chakraborty S. Flow and deformation characteristics of a flexible microfluidic channel with axial gradients in wall elasticity. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5777-5786. [PMID: 32531014 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Axial gradients in wall elasticity may have significant implications in the deformation and flow characteristics of a narrow fluidic conduit, bearing far-reaching consequences in physiology and bio-engineering. Here, we present a theoretical and experimental framework for fluid-structure interactions in microfluidic channels with axial gradients in wall elasticity, in an effort to arrive at a potential conceptual foundation for in vitro study of mirovascular physiology. Towards this, we bring out the static deformation and steady flow characteristics of a circular microchannel made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bulk, considering imposed gradients in the substrate elasticity. In particular, we study two kinds of elasticity variations - a uniformly soft (or hard) channel with a central strip that is hard (or soft), and, increasing elasticity along the length of the channel. The former kind yields a centrally constricted (or expanded) deformed profile in response to the flow. The latter kind leads to increasingly bulged channel radius from inlet to outlet in response to flow. We also formulate an analytical model capturing the essential physics of the underlying elastohydrodynamic interactions. The theoretical predictions match favourably with the experimental observations and are also in line with reported results on stenosis in mice. The present framework, thus, holds the potential for acting as a fundamental design basis towards developing in vitro models for micro-circulation, capable of capturing exclusive artefacts of healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyaksh Karan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Sankha Shuvra Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Jeevanjyoti Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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31
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Zheng Y, Nan H, Liu Y, Fan Q, Wang X, Liu R, Liu L, Ye F, Sun B, Jiao Y. Modeling cell migration regulated by cell extracellular-matrix micromechanical coupling. Phys Rev E 2020; 100:043303. [PMID: 31770879 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.043303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration in fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to many physiological and pathological processes such as tissue regeneration, immune response, and cancer progression. During migration, individual cells can generate active pulling forces via actomyosin contraction, which are transmitted to the ECM fibers through focal adhesion complexes, remodel the ECM, and eventually propagate to and can be sensed by other cells in the system. The microstructure and physical properties of the ECM can also significantly influence cell migration, e.g., via durotaxis and contact guidance. Here, we develop a computational model for two-dimensional cell migration regulated by cell-ECM micromechanical coupling. Our model explicitly takes into account a variety of cellular-level processes, including focal adhesion formation and disassembly, active traction force generation and cell locomotion due to actin filament contraction, transmission and propagation of tensile forces in the ECM, as well as the resulting ECM remodeling. We validate our model by accurately reproducing single-cell dynamics of MCF-10A breast cancer cells migrating on collagen gels and show that the durotaxis and contact guidance effects naturally arise as a consequence of the cell-ECM micromechanical interactions considered in the model. Moreover, our model predicts strongly correlated multicellular migration dynamics, which are resulted from the ECM-mediated mechanical coupling among the migrating cell and are subsequently verified in in vitro experiments using MCF-10A cells. Our computational model provides a robust tool to investigate emergent collective dynamics of multicellular systems in complex in vivo microenvironment and can be utilized to design in vitro microenvironments to guide collective behaviors and self-organization of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Hanqing Nan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Yanping Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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32
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Xie W, Ouyang R, Wang H, Zhou C. Construction and Biocompatibility of Three-Dimensional Composite Polyurethane Scaffolds in Liquid Crystal State. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2312-2322. [PMID: 33455305 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liquid crystal (LC), a characteristic substance of biofilms, has been reported to positively affect cell affinity. To better combine and utilize the properties of an LC and the advantages of polyurethane (PU) elastomers, the three-dimensional printing (3DP) molding technology and the simple soaking-swelling blending technology were used to construct PU/LC 3D composite scaffolds, and the compressive strength, porosity, hydrophilicity, and in vitro cell experiments of the scaffolds were initially discussed. The results indicated that the newly developed PU/LC 3D composite scaffolds exhibited an LC state; the addition of an LC did not change the porosity after swelling while maintaining a high porosity; the compressive strength of the composite scaffolds decreased while still maintaining high mechanical properties and enhancing hydrophilicity. At the same time, it could improve the cell affinity on the surface of the material, which was beneficial to increase the cell adhesion rate and cell activity, promote the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells grown on the materials, and improve the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodules, and the expression of related osteogenic genes and proteins. These results demonstrated potential applications of PU/LC composite scaffolds in repairing or regeneration of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Xie
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ruoran Ouyang
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Changren Zhou
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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33
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Kayal C, Moeendarbary E, Shipley RJ, Phillips JB. Mechanical Response of Neural Cells to Physiologically Relevant Stiffness Gradients. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901036. [PMID: 31793251 PMCID: PMC8407326 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of the mechanical environment on neurite behavior is crucial in the development of peripheral nerve repair solutions, and could help tissue engineers to direct and guide regeneration. In this study, a new protocol to fabricate physiologically relevant hydrogel substrates with controlled mechanical cues is proposed. These hydrogels allow the analysis of the relative effects of both the absolute stiffness value and the local stiffness gradient on neural cell behavior, particularly for low stiffness values (1-2 kPa). NG108-15 neural cell behavior is studied using well-characterized collagen gradient substrates with stiffness values ranging from 1 to 10 kPa and gradient slopes of either 0.84 or 7.9 kPa mm-1 . It is found that cell orientation is influenced by specific combinations of stiffness value and stiffness gradient. The results highlight the importance of considering the type of hydrogel as well as both the absolute value of the stiffness and the steepness of its gradient, thus introducing a new framework for the development of tissue engineered scaffolds and the study of substrate stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Kayal
- UCL Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonBrunswick Square, BloomsburyLondonWC1N 1AXUK
- UCL Centre for Nerve EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- UCL Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02142USA
| | - Rebecca J. Shipley
- UCL Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E 7JEUK
- UCL Centre for Nerve EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - James B. Phillips
- UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonBrunswick Square, BloomsburyLondonWC1N 1AXUK
- UCL Centre for Nerve EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
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34
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Sohutskay DO, Buno KP, Tholpady SS, Nier SJ, Voytik-Harbin SL. Design and biofabrication of dermal regeneration scaffolds: role of oligomeric collagen fibril density and architecture. Regen Med 2020; 15:1295-1312. [PMID: 32228274 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate dermal regeneration scaffolds custom-fabricated from fibril-forming oligomeric collagen where the total content and spatial gradient of collagen fibrils was specified. Materials & methods: Microstructural and mechanical features were verified by electron microscopy and tensile testing. The ability of dermal scaffolds to induce regeneration of rat full-thickness skin wounds was determined and compared with no fill control, autograft skin and a commercial collagen dressing. Results: Increasing fibril content of oligomer scaffolds inhibited wound contraction and decreased myofibroblast marker expression. Cellular and vascular infiltration of scaffolds over the 14-day period varied with the graded density and orientation of fibrils. Conclusion: Fibril content, spatial gradient and orientation are important collagen scaffold design considerations for promoting vascularization and dermal regeneration while reducing wound contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Sohutskay
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kevin P Buno
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sunil S Tholpady
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University, IN 46202, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Samantha J Nier
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sherry L Voytik-Harbin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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35
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Lei Y, Goldblatt ZE, Billiar KL. Micromechanical Design Criteria for Tissue-Engineering Biomaterials. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Zhong J, Yang Y, Liao L, Zhang C. Matrix stiffness-regulated cellular functions under different dimensionalities. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2734-2755. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01809c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironments that cells encounter with in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Sun Yat-sen University)
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuexiong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Sun Yat-sen University)
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Liqiong Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Biomaterials Research Center
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments (Sun Yat-sen University)
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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37
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Molladavoodi S, McMorran J, Gregory D. Mechanobiology of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells in intervertebral discs. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:429-444. [PMID: 31844969 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a chronic condition that can affect up to 80% of the global population. It is the number one cause of disability worldwide and has enormous socioeconomic consequences. One of the main causes of this condition is intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. IVD degenerative processes and inflammation associated with it has been the subject of many studies in both tissue and cell level. It is believed that the phenotype of the resident cells within the IVD directly affects homeostasis of the tissue. At the same time, IVDs located between vertebral bodies of spine are under various mechanical loading conditions in vivo. Therefore, investigating how mechanical loading can affect the behaviour of IVD cells has been a subject of many research articles. In this review paper, following a brief explanation of the anatomy of the IVD and its resident cells, we compiled mechanobiological studies of IVD cells (specifically, annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus cells) and synthesized and discussed the key findings of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molladavoodi
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - John McMorran
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Diane Gregory
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada. .,Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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38
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Iwasa M. A mechanical toy model linking cell-substrate adhesion to multiple cellular migratory responses. J Biol Phys 2019; 45:401-421. [PMID: 31834551 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-019-09536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell migration, forces applied to a cell from its environment influence the motion. When the cell is placed on a substrate, such a force is provided by the cell-substrate adhesion. Modulation of adhesivity, often performed by the modulation of the substrate stiffness, tends to cause common responses for cell spreading, cell speed, persistence, and random motility coefficient. Although the reasons for the response of cell spreading and cell speed have been suggested, other responses are not well understood. In this study, we develop a simple toy model for cell migration driven by the relation of two forces: the adhesive force and the plasma membrane tension. The simplicity of the model allows us to perform the calculation not only numerically but also analytically, and the analysis provides formulas directly relating the adhesivity to cell spreading, persistence, and the random motility coefficient. Accordingly, the results offer a unified picture on the causal relations between those multiple cellular responses. In addition, cellular properties that would influence the migratory behavior are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Iwasa
- Center for General Education, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, 470-0392, Japan.
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39
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Wagner K, Girardo S, Goswami R, Rosso G, Ulbricht E, Müller P, Soteriou D, Träber N, Guck J. Colloidal crystals of compliant microgel beads to study cell migration and mechanosensitivity in 3D. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9776-9787. [PMID: 31742293 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are defined not only by their biochemical composition, but also by their distinct mechanical properties. It is now widely accepted that cells sense their mechanical environment and respond to it. However, studying the effects of mechanics in in vitro 3D environments is challenging since current 3D hydrogel assays convolve mechanics with gel porosity and adhesion. Here, we present novel colloidal crystals as modular 3D scaffolds where these parameters are principally decoupled by using monodisperse, protein-coated PAAm microgel beads as building blocks, so that variable stiffness regions can be achieved within one 3D colloidal crystal. Characterization of the colloidal crystal and oxygen diffusion simulations suggested the suitability of the scaffold to support cell survival and growth. This was confirmed by live-cell imaging and fibroblast culture over a period of four days. Moreover, we demonstrate unambiguous durotactic fibroblast migration and mechanosensitive neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons in 3D. This modular approach of assembling 3D scaffolds from mechanically and biochemically well-defined building blocks allows the spatial patterning of stiffness decoupled from porosity and adhesion sites in principle and provides a platform to investigate mechanosensitivity in 3D environments approximating tissues in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wagner
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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40
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Li Y, Wu M, Zhang Z, Xia J, Wang Z, Chen X, Xiao X, Lu F, Dong Z. Application of External Force Regulates the Migration and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells by Altering Tissue Stiffness. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1614-1622. [PMID: 30909828 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large soft-tissue defects are challenging to reconstruct surgically. Expansion of soft tissue using an external volume expansion (EVE) device is a noninvasive method to improve such reconstruction; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we created fat flaps in Sprague-Dawley rats, applied an external force of 3 or 6 kPa using an EVE device, and investigated the migration and differentiation of adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ASCs). In addition, we performed finite element analysis to explore the stiffness of adipose tissue. An external force of 3 kPa promoted the migration and adipogenic differentiation of ASCs. By comparison, an external force of 6 kPa had a larger effect on migration of ASCs, but a smaller effect on adipogenic differentiation of ASCs. External force affected adipose tissue stiffness. In conclusion, external force generated by an EVE device increases the stiffness of adipose tissue, which influences the migration and differentiation of ASCs. The size of the external force can be altered according to the tissue stiffness required at particular time points to promote long-term adipose tissue regeneration. Impact Statement Stem cell therapy in clinic mostly requires the addition of exogenous stem cells, therefore the safety and controllability is always defective. In this study, the external force of external volume expansion regulates adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) migration and differentiation through tissue stiffness. Using tissue engineering without exogenous ASCs can promote long-term adipose tissue regeneration. The findings of this study provide theoretical support for clinical tissue engineering applications and improvements in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ziang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zijue Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xinyao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyun Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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41
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Nan H, Zheng Y, Lin YH, Chen S, Eddy CZ, Tian J, Xu W, Sun B, Jiao Y. Absorbing-active transition in a multi-cellular system regulated by a dynamic force network. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6938-6945. [PMID: 31432887 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration in 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to many physiological and pathological processes. Migrating cells can generate active pulling forces via actin filament contraction, which are transmitted to the ECM fibers and lead to a dynamically evolving force network in the system. Here, we elucidate the role of this force network in regulating collective cell behaviors using a minimal active-particle-on-network (APN) model, in which active particles can pull the fibers and hop between neighboring nodes of the network following local durotaxis. Our model reveals a dynamic transition as the particle number density approaches a critical value, from an "absorbing" state containing isolated stationary small particle clusters, to an "active" state containing a single large cluster undergoing constant dynamic reorganization. This reorganization is dominated by a subset of highly dynamic "radical" particles in the cluster, whose number also exhibits a transition at the same critical density. The transition is underlaid by the percolation of "influence spheres" due to the particle pulling forces. Our results suggest a robust mechanism based on ECM-mediated mechanical coupling for collective cell behaviors in 3D ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Nan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Yiheng H Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. and Shenzhen Middle School, Shenzhen 518001, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 Bus 2450, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher Z Eddy
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jianxiang Tian
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. and Department of Physics, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. and College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Yang Jiao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. and Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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42
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Pavlou M, Shah M, Gikas P, Briggs T, Roberts S, Cheema U. Osteomimetic matrix components alter cell migration and drug response in a 3D tumour-engineered osteosarcoma model. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:247-257. [PMID: 31302294 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma management continues to lack the appropriate prognostic tools to assign personalised treatment. This leaves non-responders to standard care vulnerable to recurring disease and pulmonary metastases. Developing 3D in vitro disease models to serve as a test bed for personalised treatment is a promising approach to address this issue. This study describes the generation of 3D osteosarcoma models termed "tumouroids", which are geometrically compartmentalised to reproduce the bone cancer mass and its surrounding. Although the tumour microenvironment impacts osteosarcoma in many ways, this model focussed on interrogating the influence of a biomimetic matrix on tumour cell behaviour. The 3D matrix was supplemented with the bone-marrow proteins laminin, fibronectin and NuOss® bone granules. This led to increased invasion of osteosarcoma cell aggregates from within the bone-like matrix into the surrounding acellular bone marrow-like ECM. The presence of bone granules also yielded an atypical molecular profile of osteosarcoma cells, suggesting malignant metabolic reprogramming. Changes include decreased MMP-9 (p < 0.05) and increased PTEN (p < 0.05), MCP-1 (p < 0.01) and MCT-4 (p < 0.05) gene expression. This complex 3D biomimetic composition also changed cellular responses to doxorubicin, a common chemotherapeutic agent used to treat osteosarcoma, and reproduced key issues of in vivo treatment like drug penetrance and doxorubicin-induced bone toxicity. This work highlights the importance of a biomimetic matrix in 3D osteosarcoma models for both basic and translational research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the generation of 3D osteosarcoma models termed "tumouroids", which are geometrically compartmentalised to reproduce the bone cancer mass and its environment. Utilising this novel model, specific parameters of osteosarcoma growth and invasion were investigated. Osteosarcoma cell lines proliferate at a slower rate, exhibit malignant metabolic reprogramming, and respond to drug intervention at lower concentrations of doxorubicin hydrochloride in matrix-complex compared to basic tumouroids. As such, this study provides evidence that the tumour microenvironment impacts osteosarcoma in many ways. The osteosarcoma tumouroid described herein may form the basis of a personalised-medicine strategy, which will allow the testing of drug effectiveness similar to that used for antibiotic selection for pathogenic bacteria.
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43
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Hong H, Park SM, Kim D, Park SJ, Kim DS. Grayscale mask‐assisted photochemical crosslinking for a dense collagen construct with stiffness gradient. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1000-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjun Hong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro, Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro, Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Dohui Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro, Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Sung Jea Park
- Advanced Technology Research Center & School of Mechanical EngineeringKorea University of Technology and Education (KOREATECH) Cheonan Chungnam 31253 South Korea
| | - Dong Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam‐ro, Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
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44
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Sardelli L, Pacheco DP, Zorzetto L, Rinoldi C, Święszkowski W, Petrini P. Engineering biological gradients. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2019; 17:2280800019829023. [PMID: 30803308 DOI: 10.1177/2280800019829023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological gradients profoundly influence many cellular activities, such as adhesion, migration, and differentiation, which are the key to biological processes, such as inflammation, remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Thus, engineered structures containing bioinspired gradients can not only support a better understanding of these phenomena, but also guide and improve the current limits of regenerative medicine. In this review, we outline the challenges behind the engineering of devices containing chemical-physical and biomolecular gradients, classifying them according to gradient-making methods and the finalities of the systems. Different manufacturing processes can generate gradients in either in-vitro systems or scaffolds, which are suitable tools for the study of cellular behavior and for regenerative medicine; within these, rapid prototyping techniques may have a huge impact on the controlled production of gradients. The parallel need to develop characterization techniques is addressed, underlining advantages and weaknesses in the analysis of both chemical and physical gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sardelli
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D P Pacheco
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Zorzetto
- 2 Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Rinoldi
- 3 Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - W Święszkowski
- 3 Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - P Petrini
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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45
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Matellan C, Del Río Hernández AE. Engineering the cellular mechanical microenvironment - from bulk mechanics to the nanoscale. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/9/jcs229013. [PMID: 31040223 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of mechanobiology studies how mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as stiffness, and other mechanical stimuli regulate cell behaviour. Recent advancements in the field and the development of novel biomaterials and nanofabrication techniques have enabled researchers to recapitulate the mechanical properties of the microenvironment with an increasing degree of complexity on more biologically relevant dimensions and time scales. In this Review, we discuss different strategies to engineer substrates that mimic the mechanical properties of the ECM and outline how these substrates have been applied to gain further insight into the biomechanical interaction between the cell and its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Matellan
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Armando E Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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46
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Iwashita M, Ohta H, Fujisawa T, Cho M, Ikeya M, Kidoaki S, Kosodo Y. Brain-stiffness-mimicking tilapia collagen gel promotes the induction of dorsal cortical neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3068. [PMID: 30816128 PMCID: PMC6395773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular microenvironment, including its stiffness, play a crucial role in stem cell fate determination. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the developing brain exhibits spatiotemporal diversity in stiffness, it remains unclear how stiffness regulates stem cell fate towards specific neural lineages. Here, we established a culture substrate that reproduces the stiffness of brain tissue using tilapia collagen for in vitro reconstitution assays. By adding crosslinkers, we obtained gels that are similar in stiffness to living brain tissue (150-1500 Pa). We further examined the capability of the gels serving as a substrate for stem cell culture and the effect of stiffness on neural lineage differentiation using human iPS cells. Surprisingly, exposure to gels with a stiffness of approximately 1500 Pa during the early period of neural induction promoted the production of dorsal cortical neurons. These findings suggest that brain-stiffness-mimicking gel has the potential to determine the terminal neural subtype. Taken together, the crosslinked tilapia collagen gel is expected to be useful in various reconstitution assays that can be used to explore the role of stiffness in neurogenesis and neural functions. The enhanced production of dorsal cortical neurons may also provide considerable advantages for neural regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Iwashita
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Chemdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hatsumi Ohta
- Ihara & Co, Ltd, 3-263-23, Zenibako, Otaru, Hokkaido, 947-0261, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujisawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Minyoung Cho
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Chemdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Makoto Ikeya
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoru Kidoaki
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kosodo
- Korea Brain Research Institute, 61, Chemdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Wang WY, Pearson AT, Kutys ML, Choi CK, Wozniak MA, Baker BM, Chen CS. Extracellular matrix alignment dictates the organization of focal adhesions and directs uniaxial cell migration. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:046107. [PMID: 31069329 PMCID: PMC6481732 DOI: 10.1063/1.5052239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical features of the extracellular matrix (ECM) heavily influence cell migration strategies and efficiency. Migration in and on fibrous ECMs is of significant physiologic importance, but limitations in the ability to experimentally define the diameter, density, and alignment of native ECMs in vitro have hampered our understanding of how these properties affect this basic cell function. Here, we designed a high-throughput in vitro platform that models fibrous ECM as collections of lines of cell-adhesive fibronectin on a flat surface to eliminate effects of dimensionality and topography. Using a microcontact printing approach to orthogonally vary line alignment, density, and size, we determined each factor's individual influence on NIH3T3 fibroblast migration. High content imaging and statistical analyses revealed that ECM alignment is the most critical parameter in influencing cell morphology, polarization, and migratory behavior. Specifically, increasing ECM alignment led cells to adopt an elongated uniaxial morphology and migrate with enhanced speed and persistence. Intriguingly, migration speeds were tightly correlated with the organization of focal adhesions, where cells with the most aligned adhesions migrated fastest. Highly organized focal adhesions and associated actin stress fibers appeared to define the number and location of protrusive fronts, suggesting that ECM alignment influences active Rac1 localization. Utilizing a novel microcontact-printing approach that lacks confounding influences of substrate dimensionality, mechanics, or differences in the adhesive area, this work highlights the effect of ECM alignment on orchestrating the cytoskeletal machinery that governs directed uniaxial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alexander T Pearson
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | | | - Michele A Wozniak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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48
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He YJ, Young DA, Mededovic M, Li K, Li C, Tichauer K, Venerus D, Papavasiliou G. Protease-Sensitive Hydrogel Biomaterials with Tunable Modulus and Adhesion Ligand Gradients for 3D Vascular Sprouting. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4168-4181. [PMID: 30253093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial strategies focused on designing scaffolds with physiologically relevant gradients provide a promising means for elucidating 3D vascular cell responses to spatial and temporal variations in matrix properties. In this study, we present a photopolymerization approach, ascending photofrontal free-radical polymerization, to generate proteolytically degradable hydrogel scaffolds of poly(ethylene) glycol with tunable continuous gradients of (1) elastic modulus (slope of 80 Pa/mm) and uniform immobilized RGD concentration (2.06 ± 0.12 mM) and (2) immobilized concentration of the RGD cell-adhesion peptide ligand (slope of 58.8 μM/mm) and uniform elastic modulus (597 ± 22 Pa). Using a coculture model of vascular sprouting, scaffolds embedded with gradients of elastic modulus induced increases in the number of vascular sprouts in the opposing gradient direction, whereas RGD gradient scaffolds promoted increases in the length of vascular sprouts toward the gradient. Furthermore, increases in vascular sprout length were found to be prominent in regions containing higher immobilized RGD concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng J He
- Biomedical Engineering Department , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois 60616 , United States
| | - Daniel A Young
- Biomedical Engineering Department , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois 60616 , United States
| | - Merjem Mededovic
- Biomedical Engineering Department , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois 60616 , United States
| | - Kevin Li
- Biomedical Engineering Department , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois 60616 , United States
| | - Chengyue Li
- Biomedical Engineering Department , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois 60616 , United States
| | - Kenneth Tichauer
- Biomedical Engineering Department , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois 60616 , United States
| | - David Venerus
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois 60616 , United States
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Biomedical Engineering Department , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , Illinois 60616 , United States
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49
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Nan H, Liang L, Chen G, Liu L, Liu R, Jiao Y. Realizations of highly heterogeneous collagen networks via stochastic reconstruction for micromechanical analysis of tumor cell invasion. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:033311. [PMID: 29776156 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.033311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) collective cell migration in a collagen-based extracellular matrix (ECM) is among one of the most significant topics in developmental biology, cancer progression, tissue regeneration, and immune response. Recent studies have suggested that collagen-fiber mediated force transmission in cellularized ECM plays an important role in stress homeostasis and regulation of collective cellular behaviors. Motivated by the recent in vitro observation that oriented collagen can significantly enhance the penetration of migrating breast cancer cells into dense Matrigel which mimics the intravasation process in vivo [Han et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113, 11208 (2016)PNASA60027-842410.1073/pnas.1610347113], we devise a procedure for generating realizations of highly heterogeneous 3D collagen networks with prescribed microstructural statistics via stochastic optimization. Specifically, a collagen network is represented via the graph (node-bond) model and the microstructural statistics considered include the cross-link (node) density, valence distribution, fiber (bond) length distribution, as well as fiber orientation distribution. An optimization problem is formulated in which the objective function is defined as the squared difference between a set of target microstructural statistics and the corresponding statistics for the simulated network. Simulated annealing is employed to solve the optimization problem by evolving an initial network via random perturbations to generate realizations of homogeneous networks with randomly oriented fibers, homogeneous networks with aligned fibers, heterogeneous networks with a continuous variation of fiber orientation along a prescribed direction, as well as a binary system containing a collagen region with aligned fibers and a dense Matrigel region with randomly oriented fibers. The generation and propagation of active forces in the simulated networks due to polarized contraction of an embedded ellipsoidal cell and a small group of cells are analyzed by considering a nonlinear fiber model incorporating strain hardening upon large stretching and buckling upon compression. Our analysis shows that oriented fibers can significantly enhance long-range force transmission in the network. Moreover, in the oriented-collagen-Matrigel system, the forces generated by a polarized cell in collagen can penetrate deeply into the Matrigel region. The stressed Matrigel fibers could provide contact guidance for the migrating cell cells, and thus enhance their penetration into Matrigel. This suggests a possible mechanism for the observed enhanced intravasation by oriented collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Nan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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50
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Wu L, Magaz A, Wang T, Liu C, Darbyshire A, Loizidou M, Emberton M, Birchall M, Song W. Stiffness memory of indirectly 3D-printed elastomer nanohybrid regulates chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2018; 186:64-79. [PMID: 30296596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment is dynamic, remodeling tissues lifelong. The biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence the function and differentiation of stem cells. While conventional artificial matrices or scaffolds for tissue engineering are primarily static models presenting well-defined stiffness, they lack the responsive changes required in dynamic physiological settings. Engineering scaffolds with varying elastic moduli is possible, but often lead to stiffening and chemical crosslinking of the molecular structure with limited control over the scaffold architecture. A family of indirectly 3D printed elastomeric nanohybrid scaffolds with thermoresponsive mechanical properties that soften by reverse self-assembling at body temperature have been developed recently. The initial stiffness and subsequent stiffness relaxation of the scaffolds regulated proliferation and differentiation of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) towards the chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages over 4 weeks, as measured by immunohistochemistry, histology, ELISA and qPCR. hBM-MSCs showed enhanced chondrogenic differentiation on softer scaffolds and osteogenic differentiation on stiffer ones, with similar relative expression to that of human femoral head tissue. Overall, stiffness relaxation favored osteogenic activity over chondrogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiao Wu
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrián Magaz
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Wang
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Precision Medical Centre, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnold Darbyshire
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Emberton
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhui Song
- Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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