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Wang H, Xu C, Wen A, Du Y, Yuan S, Yu H, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yao W. The adsorption-desorption behavior of chlorothalonil in the cuticles of apple and red jujube. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173195. [PMID: 38750752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
The distribution fate of chlorothalonil (CHT) in the environment (soil and water) and fruits is controlled by the capacity of cuticles to adsorb and desorb CHT, which directly affects the safety of both the environment and fruits. Batch experiments were conducted to reveal the adsorption-desorption behaviors of CHT in the cuticles of apple and red jujube. The adsorption kinetics showed that both physisorption and chemisorption occurred during the adsorption process. Furthermore, the isothermal adsorption of CHT in the fruit cuticles followed the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG ≤ -26.16 kJ/mol, ΔH ≥ 31.05 kJ/mol, ΔS ≥ 0.20 kJ/(mol K) showed that the whole CHT adsorption process was spontaneous, and the hydrophobic interaction was predominant. The CHT adsorption capacity of the apple cuticle was higher than that of the red jujube cuticle, potentially due to the significantly higher alkanes content of apples than that of red jujubes. An appropriate ionic strength (0.01 moL/L) could induce a higher adsorption capacity. In addition, the desorption kinetics were shown to conform to a Quasi-first-order model, meaning that not all the adsorbed CHT could be easily desorbed. The desorption ratios in apple and red jujube cuticles were 41.38% and 35.64%, respectively. The results of Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further confirmed that CHT could be adsorbed and retained in the fruit cuticles. Investigating the adsorption-desorption behavior of CHT in the apple and red jujube cuticles allowed to determine the ratio of its final distribution in the fruits and environment, providing a theoretical basis to evaluate the risk of residue pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Xu
- China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Aying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shaofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Morimoto YV. Ion Signaling in Cell Motility and Development in Dictyostelium discoideum. Biomolecules 2024; 14:830. [PMID: 39062545 PMCID: PMC11274586 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is fundamental to the organization and functionality of multicellular organisms. Intercellular signals orchestrate a variety of cellular responses, including gene expression and protein function changes, and contribute to the integrated functions of individual tissues. Dictyostelium discoideum is a model organism for cell-to-cell interactions mediated by chemical signals and multicellular formation mechanisms. Upon starvation, D. discoideum cells exhibit coordinated cell aggregation via cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) gradients and chemotaxis, which facilitates the unicellular-to-multicellular transition. During this process, the calcium signaling synchronizes with the cAMP signaling. The resulting multicellular body exhibits organized collective migration and ultimately forms a fruiting body. Various signaling molecules, such as ion signals, regulate the spatiotemporal differentiation patterns within multicellular bodies. Understanding cell-to-cell and ion signaling in Dictyostelium provides insight into general multicellular formation and differentiation processes. Exploring cell-to-cell and ion signaling enhances our understanding of the fundamental biological processes related to cell communication, coordination, and differentiation, with wide-ranging implications for developmental biology, evolutionary biology, biomedical research, and synthetic biology. In this review, I discuss the role of ion signaling in cell motility and development in D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke V. Morimoto
- Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Fukuoka, Japan;
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Remtulla AAN, Huber RJ. The conserved cellular roles of CLN proteins: Novel insights from Dictyostelium discoideum. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151305. [PMID: 36917916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), collectively referred to as Batten disease, are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that primarily affect children. The etiology of Batten disease is linked to mutations in 13 genes that encode distinct CLN proteins, whose functions have yet to be fully elucidated. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has been adopted as an efficient and powerful model system for studying the diverse cellular roles of CLN proteins. The genome of D. discoideum encodes several homologs of human CLN proteins, and a growing body of literature supports the conserved roles and networking of CLN proteins in D. discoideum and humans. In humans, CLN proteins have diverse cellular roles related to autophagy, signal transduction, lipid homeostasis, lysosomal ion homeostasis, and intracellular trafficking. Recent work also indicates that CLN proteins play an important role in protein secretion. Remarkably, many of these findings have found parallels in studies with D. discoideum. Accordingly, this review will highlight the translatable value of novel work with D. discoideum in the field of NCL research and propose further avenues of research using this biomedical model organism for studying the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A N Remtulla
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Huber
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Cheng Y, Felix B, Othmer HG. The Roles of Signaling in Cytoskeletal Changes, Random Movement, Direction-Sensing and Polarization of Eukaryotic Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1437. [PMID: 32531876 PMCID: PMC7348768 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement of cells and tissues is essential at various stages during the lifetime of an organism, including morphogenesis in early development, in the immune response to pathogens, and during wound-healing and tissue regeneration. Individual cells are able to move in a variety of microenvironments (MEs) (A glossary of the acronyms used herein is given at the end) by suitably adapting both their shape and how they transmit force to the ME, but how cells translate environmental signals into the forces that shape them and enable them to move is poorly understood. While many of the networks involved in signal detection, transduction and movement have been characterized, how intracellular signals control re-building of the cyctoskeleton to enable movement is not understood. In this review we discuss recent advances in our understanding of signal transduction networks related to direction-sensing and movement, and some of the problems that remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yougan Cheng
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA;
| | - Bryan Felix
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55445, USA;
| | - Hans G. Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55445, USA;
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5
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The Interplay of Dysregulated pH and Electrolyte Imbalance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040898. [PMID: 32272658 PMCID: PMC7226178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells and tissues have an aberrant regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics driven by a combination of poor vascular perfusion, regional hypoxia, and increased the flux of carbons through fermentative glycolysis. This leads to extracellular acidosis and intracellular alkalinization. Dysregulated pH dynamics influence cancer cell biology, from cell transformation and tumorigenesis to proliferation, local growth, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, this dysregulated intracellular pH (pHi) drives a metabolic shift to increased aerobic glycolysis and reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, referred to as the Warburg effect, or Warburg metabolism, which is a selective feature of cancer. This metabolic reprogramming confers a thermodynamic advantage on cancer cells and tissues by protecting them against oxidative stress, enhancing their resistance to hypoxia, and allowing a rapid conversion of nutrients into biomass to enable cell proliferation. Indeed, most cancers have increased glucose uptake and lactic acid production. Furthermore, cancer cells have very dysregulated electrolyte balances, and in the interaction of the pH dynamics with electrolyte, dynamics is less well known. In this review, we highlight the interconnected roles of dysregulated pH dynamics and electrolytes imbalance in cancer initiation, progression, adaptation, and in determining the programming and reprogramming of tumor cell metabolism.
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6
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To lead or to herd: optimal strategies for 3D collective migration of cell clusters. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 19:1551-1564. [PMID: 31997028 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells migrating in clusters play a significant role in a number of biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis during cancer progression. A variety of environmental and biochemical factors can influence the collective migration of cells with differing degrees of cell autonomy and inter-cellular coupling strength. For example, weakly coupled cells can move collectively under the influence of contact guidance from neighboring cells or the environment. Alternatively strongly coupled cells might follow one or more leader cells to move as a single cohesive unit. Additionally, chemical and mechanical signaling between these cells may alter the degree of coupling and determine effective cluster sizes. Being able to understand this collective cell migration process is critical in the prediction and manipulation of outcomes of key biological processes. Here we focus on understanding how various environmental and cellular factors influence small clusters of cells migrating collectively within a 3D fibrous matrix. We combine existing knowledge of single-cell migration in 2D and 3D environments, prior experimental observations of cell-cell interactions and collective migration, and a newly developed stochastic model of cell migration in 3D matrices, to simulate the migration of cell clusters in different physiologically relevant environments. Our results show that based on the extracellular environment and the strength of cell-cell mechanical coupling, two distinct optimal approaches to driving collective cell migration emerge. The ability to effectively employ these two distinct migration strategies might be critical for cells to collectively migrate through the heterogeneous tissue environments within the body.
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7
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González-Velasco Ó, De Las Rivas J, Lacal J. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Early Developmentally Regulated Proteins in Dictyostelium Discoideum. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101187. [PMID: 31581556 PMCID: PMC6830349 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP acts as a secondary messenger involving different cellular functions in eukaryotes. Here, proteomic and transcriptomic profiling has been combined to identify novel early developmentally regulated proteins in eukaryote cells. These proteomic and transcriptomic experiments were performed in Dictyostelium discoideum given the unique advantages that this organism offers as a eukaryotic model for cell motility and as a nonmammalian model of human disease. By comparing whole-cell proteome analysis of developed (cAMP-pulsed) wild-type AX2 cells and an independent transcriptomic analysis of developed wild-type AX4 cells, our results show that up to 70% of the identified proteins overlap in the two independent studies. Among them, we have found 26 proteins previously related to cAMP signaling and identified 110 novel proteins involved in calcium signaling, adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, metabolism, and proteins that previously lacked any annotation. Our study validates previous findings, mostly for the canonical cAMP-pathway, and also generates further insight into the complexity of the transcriptomic changes during early development. This article also compares proteomic data between parental and cells lacking glkA, a GSK-3 kinase implicated in substrate adhesion and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium. This analysis reveals a set of proteins that show differences in expression in the two strains as well as overlapping protein level changes independent of GlkA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar González-Velasco
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group. Cancer Research Center (CIC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group. Cancer Research Center (CIC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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8
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Kamprad N, Witt H, Schröder M, Kreis CT, Bäumchen O, Janshoff A, Tarantola M. Adhesion strategies of Dictyostelium discoideum- a force spectroscopy study. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22504-22519. [PMID: 30480299 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological adhesion is essential for all motile cells and generally limits locomotion to suitably functionalized substrates displaying a compatible surface chemistry. However, organisms that face vastly varying environmental challenges require a different strategy. The model organism Dictyostelium discoideum (D.d.), a slime mould dwelling in the soil, faces the challenge of overcoming variable chemistry by employing the fundamental forces of colloid science. To understand the origin of D.d. adhesion, we realized and modified a variety of conditions for the amoeba comprising the absence and presence of the specific adhesion protein Substrate Adhesion A (sadA), glycolytic degradation, ionic strength, surface hydrophobicity and strength of van der Waals interactions by generating tailored model substrates. By employing AFM-based single cell force spectroscopy we could show that experimental force curves upon retraction exhibit two regimes. The first part up to the critical adhesion force can be described in terms of a continuum model, while the second regime of the curve beyond the critical adhesion force is governed by stochastic unbinding of individual binding partners and bond clusters. We found that D.d. relies on adhesive interactions based on EDL-DLVO (Electrical Double Layer-Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) forces and contributions from the glycocalix and specialized adhesion molecules like sadA. This versatile mechanism allows the cells to adhere to a large variety of natural surfaces under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kamprad
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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9
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Mas L, Cieren A, Delphin C, Journet A, Aubry L. Calcium influx mediates the chemoattractant-induced translocation of the arrestin-related protein AdcC in Dictyostelium. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.207951. [PMID: 30209138 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrestins are key adaptor proteins that control the fate of cell-surface membrane proteins and modulate downstream signaling cascades. The Dictyostelium discoideum genome encodes six arrestin-related proteins, harboring additional modules besides the arrestin domain. Here, we studied AdcB and AdcC, two homologs that contain C2 and SAM domains. We showed that AdcC - in contrast to AdcB - responds to various stimuli (such as the chemoattractants cAMP and folate) known to induce an increase in cytosolic calcium by transiently translocating to the plasma membrane, and that calcium is a direct regulator of AdcC localization. This response requires the calcium-dependent membrane-targeting C2 domain and the double SAM domain involved in AdcC oligomerization, revealing a mode of membrane targeting and regulation unique among members of the arrestin clan. AdcB shares several biochemical properties with AdcC, including in vitro binding to anionic lipids in a calcium-dependent manner and auto-assembly as large homo-oligomers. AdcB can interact with AdcC; however, its intracellular localization is insensitive to calcium. Therefore, despite their high degree of homology and common characteristics, AdcB and AdcC are likely to fulfill distinct functions in amoebae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Mas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BGE U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Adeline Cieren
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BGE U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Delphin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1216, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Agnès Journet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BGE U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Aubry
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, BGE U1038, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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10
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Park B, Shin DY, Jeon TJ. CBP7 Interferes with the Multicellular Development of Dictyostelium Cells by Inhibiting Chemoattractant-Mediated Cell Aggregation. Mol Cells 2018; 41:103-109. [PMID: 29385672 PMCID: PMC5824019 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions are involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. Fourteen genes encoding calcium binding proteins have been identified in Dictyostelium. CBP7, one of the 14 CBPs, is composed of 169 amino acids and contains four EF-hand motifs. Here, we investigated the roles of CBP7 in the development and cell migration of Dictyostelium cells and found that high levels of CBP7 exerted a negative effect on cells aggregation during development, possibly by inhibiting chemoattractant-directed cell migration. While cells lacking CBP7 exhibited normal development and chemotaxis similar that of wild-type cells, CBP7 overexpressing cells completely lost their chemotactic abilities to move toward increasing cAMP concentrations. This resulted in inhibition of cellular aggregation, a process required for forming multicellular organisms during development. Low levels of cytosolic free calcium were observed in CBP7 overexpressing cells, which was likely the underlying cause of their lack of chemotaxis. Our results demonstrate that CBP7 plays an important role in cell spreading and cell-substrate adhesion. cbp7 null cells showed decreased cell size and cell-substrate adhesion. The present study contributes to further understanding the role of calcium signaling in regulation of cell migration and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonggyu Park
- Department of Biology & BK21- Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452,
Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Biology & BK21- Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452,
Korea
| | - Taeck Joong Jeon
- Department of Biology & BK21- Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452,
Korea
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11
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Castillo B, Kim SH, Sharief M, Sun T, Kim LW. SodC modulates ras and PKB signaling in Dictyostelium. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 96:1-12. [PMID: 27919433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the basal RasG activity is aberrantly high in cells lacking Superoxide dismutase C (SodC). Here we report that other Ras proteins such as RasC and RasD activities are not affected in sodC- cells and mutagenesis studies showed that the presence of the Cys118 in the Ras proteins is essential for the superoxide-mediated activation of Ras proteins in Dictyostelium. In addition to the loss of SodC, lack of extracellular magnesium ions increased the level of intracellular superoxide and active RasG proteins. Aberrantly active Ras proteins in sodC- cells persistently localized at the plasma membrane, but those in wild type cells under magnesium deficient medium exhibited intracellular vesicular localization. Interestingly, the aberrantly activated Ras proteins in wild type cells were largely insulated from their normal downstream events such as Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-P3 (PIP3) accumulation, Protein Kinase B (PKB) activation, and PKBs substrates phosphorylation. Intriguingly, however, aberrantly activated Ras proteins in sodC- cells were still engaged in signaling to their downstream targets, and thus excessive PKBs substrates phosphorylation persisted. In summary, we suggest that SodC and RasG proteins are essential part of a novel inhibitory mechanism that discourages oxidatively stressed cells from chemotaxis and thus inhibits the delivery of potentially damaged genome to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Castillo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Mujataba Sharief
- Biochemistry PhD Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Lou W Kim
- Biochemistry PhD Program, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Huber RJ, Myre MA, Cotman SL. Aberrant adhesion impacts early development in a Dictyostelium model for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:399-418. [PMID: 27669405 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1236179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), also known as Batten disease, refers to a group of severe neurodegenerative disorders that primarily affect children. The most common subtype of the disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in CLN3, which is conserved across model species from yeast to human. The precise function of the CLN3 protein is not known, which has made targeted therapy development challenging. In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, loss of Cln3 causes aberrant mid-to-late stage multicellular development. In this study, we show that Cln3-deficiency causes aberrant adhesion and aggregation during the early stages of Dictyostelium development. cln3- cells form ∼30% more multicellular aggregates that are comparatively smaller than those formed by wild-type cells. Loss of Cln3 delays aggregation, but has no significant effect on cell speed or cAMP-mediated chemotaxis. The aberrant aggregation of cln3- cells cannot be corrected by manually pulsing cells with cAMP. Moreover, there are no significant differences between wild-type and cln3- cells in the expression of genes linked to cAMP chemotaxis (e.g., adenylyl cyclase, acaA; the cAMP receptor, carA; cAMP phosphodiesterase, pdsA; g-protein α 9 subunit, gpaI). However, during this time in development, cln3- cells show reduced cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion, which correlate with changes in the levels of the cell adhesion proteins CadA and CsaA. Specifically, loss of Cln3 decreases the intracellular level of CsaA and increases the amount of soluble CadA in conditioned media. Together, these results suggest that the aberrant aggregation of cln3- cells is due to reduced adhesion during the early stages of development. Revealing the molecular basis underlying this phenotype may provide fresh new insight into CLN3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- a Department of Biology , Trent University , Peterborough , Ontario , Canada
| | - Michael A Myre
- b Department of Biological Sciences , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Susan L Cotman
- c Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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13
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Márquez López J, Sulzmann A, Thewes S. Systematic evaluation of buffer influences on the development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Dev Genes Evol 2016; 226:27-35. [PMID: 26791868 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development and cell differentiation are key features of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Already at early developmental stages, the gene expression profile changes in the amoebae to make the cells aggregation competent. In the laboratory, development starts when the cells are washed free of nutrients. For this purpose, various non-nutrient buffers are used in different laboratories. However, to date, it is not clear if different buffers have different influences on the development of D. discoideum. Therefore, we investigated systematically the influence of six widely used buffers on the development of D. discoideum. Investigation was done at the phenotypical, biochemical, and molecular level. The results show that some of the investigated buffers show clear differences in the phenotypical outcome of the developmental cycle, at a biochemical level as measured in the response to cAMP, and/or at a molecular level as measured in the expression of early developmental marker genes. According to our results buffer compositions should be considered carefully for all developmental experiments with D. discoideum, especially when gene expression will be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Márquez López
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Sulzmann
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Thewes
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Zhu X, Bouffanais R, Yue DKP. Interplay between motility and cell-substratum adhesion in amoeboid cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:054112. [PMID: 26487898 PMCID: PMC4592429 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The effective migration of amoeboid cells requires a fine regulation of cell-substratum adhesion. These entwined processes have been shown to be regulated by a host of biophysical and biochemical cues. Here, we reveal the pivotal role played by calcium-based mechanosensation in the active regulation of adhesion resulting in a high migratory adaptability. Using mechanotactically driven Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, we uncover the existence of optimal mechanosensitive conditions-corresponding to specific levels of extracellular calcium-for persistent directional migration over physicochemically different substrates. When these optimal mechanosensitive conditions are met, noticeable enhancement in cell migration directionality and speed is achieved, yet with significant differences among the different substrates. In the same narrow range of calcium concentrations that yields optimal cellular mechanosensory activity, we uncovered an absolute minimum in cell-substratum adhesion activity, for all considered substrates, with differences in adhesion strength among them amplified. The blocking of the mechanosensitive ion channels with gadolinium-i.e., the inhibition of the primary mechanosensory apparatus-hampers the active reduction in substrate adhesion, thereby leading to the same undifferentiated and drastically reduced directed migratory response. The adaptive behavioral responses of Dictyostelium cells sensitive to substrates with varying physicochemical properties suggest the possibility of novel surface analyses based on the mechanobiological ability of mechanosensitive and guidable cells to probe substrates at the nanometer-to-micrometer level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design , 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Roland Bouffanais
- Singapore University of Technology and Design , 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Dick K P Yue
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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15
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Rectified directional sensing in long-range cell migration. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5367. [PMID: 25373620 PMCID: PMC4272253 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How spatial and temporal information are integrated to determine the direction of cell migration remains poorly understood. Here, by precise microfluidics emulation of dynamic chemoattractant waves, we demonstrate that, in Dictyostelium, directional movement as well as activation of small guanosine triphosphatase Ras at the leading edge is suppressed when the chemoattractant concentration is decreasing over time. This 'rectification' of directional sensing occurs only at an intermediate range of wave speed and does not require phosphoinositide-3-kinase or F-actin. From modelling analysis, we show that rectification arises naturally in a single-layered incoherent feedforward circuit with zero-order ultrasensitivity. The required stimulus time-window predicts ~5 s transient for directional sensing response close to Ras activation and inhibitor diffusion typical for protein in the cytosol. We suggest that the ability of Dictyostelium cells to move only in the wavefront is closely associated with rectification of adaptive response combined with local activation and global inhibition.
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16
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Sun C, Zhang S, Li J. Calreticulin gene mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms without Janus kinase 2 mutations. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:1593-8. [PMID: 25115511 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.953153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin, an endoplasmic reticulum protein with multiple functions involving chaperone activity and calcium homeostasis, plays an important role in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Calreticulin dysfunction is known to be associated with different cancers. Very recently, calreticulin mutations have been identified in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), with a particularly high frequency in MPNs without Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutations, which exhibit clinical characteristics different from those with mutant JAK2. Here, we focus on the structure, function and carcinogenicity of calreticulin, as well as its relationship with MPNs not involving JAK2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Hematology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University , Wuxi, Jiangsu , China
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17
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Lusche DF, Wessels D, Richardson NA, Russell KB, Hanson BM, Soll BA, Lin BH, Soll DR. PTEN redundancy: overexpressing lpten, a homolog of Dictyostelium discoideum ptenA, the ortholog of human PTEN, rescues all behavioral defects of the mutant ptenA-. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108495. [PMID: 25247494 PMCID: PMC4172592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN are associated with a significant proportion of human cancers. Because the human genome also contains several homologs of PTEN, we considered the hypothesis that if a homolog, functionally redundant with PTEN, can be overexpressed, it may rescue the defects of a PTEN mutant. We have performed an initial test of this hypothesis in the model system Dictyostelium discoideum, which contains an ortholog of human PTEN, ptenA. Deletion of ptenA results in defects in motility, chemotaxis, aggregation and multicellular morphogenesis. D. discoideum also contains lpten, a newly discovered homolog of ptenA. Overexpressing lpten completely rescues all developmental and behavioral defects of the D. discoideum mutant ptenA−. This hypothesis must now be tested in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Lusche
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Deborah Wessels
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Nicole A. Richardson
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kanoe B. Russell
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Brett M. Hanson
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Soll
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Benjamin H. Lin
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David R. Soll
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute and Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Zhu X, Bouffanais R, Yue DKP. Persistent cellular motion control and trapping using mechanotactic signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105406. [PMID: 25207940 PMCID: PMC4160188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotactic signaling and the associated directed cell migration have been extensively studied owing to their importance in emergent processes of cellular aggregation. In contrast, mechanotactic signaling has been relatively overlooked despite its potential for unique ways to artificially signal cells with the aim to effectively gain control over their motile behavior. The possibility of mimicking cellular mechanotactic signals offers a fascinating novel strategy to achieve targeted cell delivery for in vitro tissue growth if proven to be effective with mammalian cells. Using (i) optimal level of extracellular calcium ([Ca2+ ]ext mM) we found, (ii) controllable fluid shear stress of low magnitude (), and (iii) the ability to swiftly reverse flow direction (within one second), we are able to successfully signal Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and trigger migratory responses with heretofore unreported control and precision. Specifically, we are able to systematically determine the mechanical input signal required to achieve any predetermined sequences of steps including straightforward motion, reversal and trapping. The mechanotactic cellular trapping is achieved for the first time and is associated with a stalling frequency of Hz for a reversing direction mechanostimulus, above which the cells are effectively trapped while maintaining a high level of directional sensing. The value of this frequency is very close to the stalling frequency recently reported for chemotactic cell trapping [Meier B, et al. (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:11417–11422], suggesting that the limiting factor may be the slowness of the internal chemically-based motility apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roland Bouffanais
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dick K. P. Yue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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19
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Wessels D, Lusche DF, Scherer A, Kuhl S, Myre MA, Soll DR. Huntingtin regulates Ca(2+) chemotaxis and K(+)-facilitated cAMP chemotaxis, in conjunction with the monovalent cation/H(+) exchanger Nhe1, in a model developmental system: insights into its possible role in Huntington׳s disease. Dev Biol 2014; 394:24-38. [PMID: 25149514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Huntington׳s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, attributable to an expanded trinucleotide repeat in the coding region of the human HTT gene, which encodes the protein huntingtin. These mutations lead to huntingtin fragment inclusions in the striatum of the brain. However, the exact function of normal huntingtin and the defect causing the disease remain obscure. Because there are indications that huntingtin plays a role in Ca(2+) homeostasis, we studied the deletion mutant of the HTT ortholog in the model developmental system Dictyostelium discoideum, in which Ca(2+) plays a role in receptor-regulated behavior related to the aggregation process that leads to multicellular morphogenesis. The D. discoideum htt(-)-mutant failed to undergo both K(+)-facilitated chemotaxis in spatial gradients of the major chemoattractant cAMP, and chemotaxis up a spatial gradient of Ca(2+), but behaved normally in Ca(2+)-facilitated cAMP chemotaxis and Ca(2+)-dependent flow-directed motility. This was the same phenotypic profile of the null mutant of Nhel, a monovalent cation/H(+)exchanger. The htt(-)-mutant also failed to orient correctly during natural aggregation, as was the case for the Nhel mutant. Moreover, in a K(+)-based buffer the normal localization of actin was similarly defective in both htt(-) and nhe1(-) cells in a K(+)-based buffer, and the normal localization of Nhe1 was disrupted in the htt(-) mutant. These observations demonstrate that Htt and Nhel play roles in the same specific cation-facilitated behaviors and that Nhel localization is directly or indirectly regulated by Htt. Similar cation-dependent behaviors and a similar relationship between Htt and Nhe1 have not been reported for mammalian neurons and deserves investigation, especially as it may relate to Huntington׳s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Wessels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Daniel F Lusche
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Amanda Scherer
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Spencer Kuhl
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael A Myre
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David R Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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20
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Moving towards a paradigm: common mechanisms of chemotactic signaling in Dictyostelium and mammalian leukocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3711-47. [PMID: 24846395 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1638-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis, or directed migration of cells along a chemical gradient, is a highly coordinated process that involves gradient sensing, motility, and polarity. Most of our understanding of chemotaxis comes from studies of cells undergoing amoeboid-type migration, in particular the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and leukocytes. In these amoeboid cells the molecular events leading to directed migration can be conceptually divided into four interacting networks: receptor/G protein, signal transduction, cytoskeleton, and polarity. The signal transduction network occupies a central position in this scheme as it receives direct input from the receptor/G protein network, as well as feedback from the cytoskeletal and polarity networks. Multiple overlapping modules within the signal transduction network transmit the signals to the actin cytoskeleton network leading to biased pseudopod protrusion in the direction of the gradient. The overall architecture of the networks, as well as the individual signaling modules, is remarkably conserved between Dictyostelium and mammalian leukocytes, and the similarities and differences between the two systems are the subject of this review.
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21
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Zamanian M, Veerakumarasivam A, Abdullah S, Rosli R. Calreticulin and cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:149-54. [PMID: 23392843 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) as a multi-functional endoplasmic reticulum protein is involved in a spectrum of cellular processes which ranges from calcium homeostasis and chaperoning to cell adhesion and finally malignant formation and progression. Previous studies have shown a contributing role for CRT in a range of different cancers. This present review will focus on the possible roles of CRT in the progression of malignant proliferation and the mechanisms involved in its contribution to cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Zamanian
- Genetic Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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22
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Huber RJ, O'Day DH. A matricellular protein and EGF-like repeat signalling in the social amoebozoan Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3989-97. [PMID: 22782112 PMCID: PMC11115030 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matricellular proteins interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and modulate cellular processes by binding to cell surface receptors and initiating intracellular signal transduction. Their association with the ECM and the ability of some members of this protein family to regulate cell motility have opened up new avenues of research to investigate their functions in normal and diseased cells. In this review, we summarize the research on CyrA, an ECM calmodulin-binding protein in Dictyostelium. CyrA is proteolytically cleaved into smaller EGF-like (EGFL) repeat containing cleavage products during development. The first EGFL repeat of CyrA binds to the cell surface and activates a novel signalling pathway that modulates cell motility in this model organism. The similarity of CyrA to the most well-characterized matricellular proteins in mammals allows it to be designated as the first matricellular protein identified in Dictyostelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada,
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23
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The calcineurin dependent transcription factor TacA is involved in development and the stress response of Dictyostelium discoideum. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:789-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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24
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Wessels D, Lusche DF, Steimle PA, Scherer A, Kuhl S, Wood K, Hanson B, Egelhoff TT, Soll DR. Myosin heavy chain kinases play essential roles in Ca2+, but not cAMP, chemotaxis and the natural aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4934-44. [PMID: 22899719 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral analyses of the deletion mutants of the four known myosin II heavy chain (Mhc) kinases of Dictyostelium discoideum revealed that all play a minor role in the efficiency of basic cell motility, but none play a role in chemotaxis in a spatial gradient of cAMP generated in vitro. However, the two kinases MhckA and MhckC were essential for chemotaxis in a spatial gradient of Ca(2+), shear-induced directed movement, and reorientation in the front of waves of cAMP during natural aggregation. The phenotypes of the mutants mhckA(-) and mhckC(-) were highly similar to that of the Ca(2+) channel/receptor mutant iplA(-) and the myosin II phosphorylation mutant 3XALA, which produces constitutively unphosphorylated myosin II. These results demonstrate that IplA, MhckA and MhckC play a selective role in chemotaxis in a spatial gradient of Ca(2+), but not cAMP, and suggest that Ca(2+) chemotaxis plays a role in the orientation of cells in the front of cAMP waves during natural aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Wessels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
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25
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Poloz Y, O'Day DH. Ca2+ signaling regulates ecmB expression, cell differentiation and slug regeneration in Dictyostelium. Differentiation 2012; 84:163-75. [PMID: 22595345 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) regulates cell differentiation and morphogenesis in a diversity of organisms and dysregulation of Ca(2+) signal transduction pathways leads to many cellular pathologies. In Dictyostelium Ca(2+) induces ecmB expression and stalk cell differentiation in vitro. Here we have analyzed the pattern of ecmB expression in intact and bisected slugs and the effect of agents that affect Ca(2+) levels or antagonize calmodulin (CaM) on this expression pattern. We have shown that Ca(2+) and CaM regulate ecmB expression and pstAB/pstB cell differentiation in vivo. Agents that increase intracellular Ca(2+) levels increased ecmB expression and/or pstAB and pstB cell differentiation, while agents that decrease intracellular Ca(2+) or antagonize CaM decreased it. In isolated slug tips agents that affect Ca(2+) levels and antagonize CaM had differential effect on ecmB expression and cell differentiation in the anterior versus posterior zones. Agents that increase intracellular Ca(2+) levels increased the number of ecmB expressing cells in the anterior region of slugs, while agents that decrease intracellular Ca(2+) levels or antagonize CaM activity increased the number of ecmB expressing cells in the posterior. We have also demonstrated that agents that affect Ca(2+) levels or antagonize CaM affect cells motility and regeneration of shape in isolated slug tips and backs and regeneration of tips in isolated slug backs. To our knowledge, this is the first study detailing the pattern of ecmB expression in regenerating slugs as well as the role of Ca(2+) and CaM in the regeneration process and ecmB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Poloz
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5.
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26
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Poloz Y, O'Day DH. Colchicine affects cell motility, pattern formation and stalk cell differentiation in Dictyostelium by altering calcium signaling. Differentiation 2012; 83:185-99. [PMID: 22381626 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous work, verified here, showed that colchicine affects Dictyostelium pattern formation, disrupts morphogenesis, inhibits spore differentiation and induces terminal stalk cell differentiation. Here we show that colchicine specifically induces ecmB expression and enhances accumulation of ecmB-expressing cells at the posterior end of multicellular structures. Colchicine did not induce a nuclear translocation of DimB, a DIF-1 responsive transcription factor in vitro. It also induced terminal stalk cell differentiation in a mutant strain that does not produce DIF-1 (dmtA-) and after the treatment of cells with DIF-1 synthesis inhibitor cerulenin (100 μM). This suggests that colchicine induces the differentiation of ecmB-expressing cells independent of DIF-1 production and likely through a signaling pathway that is distinct from the one that is utilized by DIF-1. Depending on concentration, colchicine enhanced random cell motility, but not chemotaxis, by 3-5 fold (10-50 mM colchicine, respectively) through a Ca(2+)-mediated signaling pathway involving phospholipase C, calmodulin and heterotrimeric G proteins. Colchicine's effects were not due to microtubule depolymerization as other microtubule-depolymerizing agents did not have these effects. Finally normal morphogenesis and stalk and spore cell differentiation of cells treated with 10 mM colchicine were rescued through chelation of Ca2+ by BAPTA-AM and EDTA and calmodulin antagonism by W-7 but not PLC inhibition by U-73122. Morphogenesis or spore cell differentiation of cells treated with 50 mM colchicine could not be rescued by the above treatments but terminal stalk cell differentiation was inhibited by BAPTA-AM, EDTA and W-7, but not U-73122. Thus colchicine disrupts morphogenesis and induces stalk cell differentiation through a Ca(2+)-mediated signaling pathway involving specific changes in gene expression and cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Poloz
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5.
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27
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Lusche DF, Wessels D, Scherer A, Daniels K, Kuhl S, Soll DR. The IplA Ca2+ channel of Dictyostelium discoideum is necessary for chemotaxis mediated through Ca2+, but not through cAMP, and has a fundamental role in natural aggregation. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1770-83. [PMID: 22375061 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.098301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum, nondissipating, symmetrical, outwardly moving waves of cAMP direct cells towards aggregation centers. It has been assumed that the spatial and temporal characteristics of the front and back of each cAMP wave regulate both chemokinesis and chemotaxis. However, during the period preceding aggregation, cells acquire not only the capacity to chemotax in a spatial gradient of cAMP, but also in a spatial gradient of Ca(2+). The null mutant of the putative IplA Ca(2+) channel gene, iplA(-), undergoes normal chemotaxis in spatial gradients of cAMP and normal chemokinetic responses to increasing temporal gradients of cAMP, both generated in vitro. However, iplA(-) cells lose the capacity to undergo chemotaxis in response to a spatial gradient of Ca(2+), suggesting that IplA is either the Ca(2+) chemotaxis receptor or an essential component of the Ca(2+) chemotaxis regulatory pathway. In response to natural chemotactic waves generated by wild-type cells, the chemokinetic response of iplA(-) cells to the temporal dynamics of the cAMP wave is intact, but the capacity to reorient in the direction of the aggregation center at the onset of each wave is lost. These results suggest that transient Ca(2+) gradients formed between cells at the onset of each natural cAMP wave augment reorientation towards the aggregation center. If this hypothesis proves correct, it will provide a more complex contextual framework for interpreting D. discoideum chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Lusche
- W M Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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28
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Nhe1 is essential for potassium but not calcium facilitation of cell motility and the monovalent cation requirement for chemotactic orientation in Dictyostelium discoideum. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2011; 10:320-31. [PMID: 21239624 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00255-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In Dictyostelium discoideum, extracellular K+ or Ca2+ at a concentration of 40 or 20 mM, respectively, facilitates motility in the absence or presence of a spatial gradient of chemoattractant. Facilitation results in maximum velocity, cellular elongation, persistent translocation, suppression of lateral pseudopod formation, and myosin II localization in the posterior cortex. A lower threshold concentration of 15 mM K+ or Na or 5 mM Ca2+ is required for chemotactic orientation. Although the common buffer solutions used by D. discoideum researchers to study chemotaxis contain sufficient concentrations of cations for chemotactic orientation, the majority contain insufficient levels to facilitate motility. Here it has been demonstrated that Nhe1, a plasma membrane protein, is required for K+ but not Ca2+ facilitation of cell motility and for the lower K+ but not Ca2+ requirement for chemotactic orientation.
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29
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Scherer A, Kuhl S, Wessels D, Lusche DF, Raisley B, Soll DR. Ca2+ chemotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:3756-67. [PMID: 20940253 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.068619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a newly developed microfluidic chamber, we have demonstrated in vitro that Ca(2+) functions as a chemoattractant of aggregation-competent Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, that parallel spatial gradients of cAMP and Ca(2+) are more effective than either alone, and that cAMP functions as a stronger chemoattractant than Ca(2+). Effective Ca(2+) gradients are extremely steep compared with effective cAMP gradients. This presents a paradox because there is no indication to date that steep Ca(2+) gradients are generated in aggregation territories. However, given that Ca(2+) chemotaxis is co-acquired with cAMP chemotaxis during development, we speculate on the role that Ca(2+) chemotaxis might have and the possibility that steep, transient Ca(2+) gradients are generated during natural aggregation in the interstitial regions between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Scherer
- The W. M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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30
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Abstract
The movements of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae translocating on a glass surface in the absence of chemoattractant have been reconstructed at 5-second intervals and motion analyzed by employing 3D-DIAS software. A morphometric analysis of pseudopods, the main cell body, and the uropod provides a comprehensive description of the basic motile behavior of a cell in four dimensions (4D), resulting in a list of 18 characteristics. A similar analysis of the myosin II phosphorylation mutant 3XASP reveals a role for the cortical localization of myosin II in the suppression of lateral pseudopods, formation of the uropod, cytoplasmic distribution of cytoplasm in the main cell body, and efficient motility. The results of the morphometric analysis suggest that pseudopods, the main cell body, and the uropod represent three motility compartments that are coordinated for efficient translocation. It provides a contextual framework for interpreting the effects of mutations, inhibitors, and chemoattractants on the basic motile behavior of D. discoideum. The generality of the characteristics of the basic motile behavior of D. discoideum must now be tested by similar 4D analyses of the motility of amoeboid cells of higher eukaryotic cells, in particular human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
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