1
|
Rodríguez-Martín M, Báez-Flores J, Ribes V, Isidoro-García M, Lacal J, Prieto-Matos P. Non-Mammalian Models for Understanding Neurological Defects in RASopathies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:841. [PMID: 38672195 PMCID: PMC11048513 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RASopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental congenital disorders stemming from mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway, present a unique opportunity to delve into the intricacies of complex neurological disorders. Afflicting approximately one in a thousand newborns, RASopathies manifest as abnormalities across multiple organ systems, with a pronounced impact on the central and peripheral nervous system. In the pursuit of understanding RASopathies' neurobiology and establishing phenotype-genotype relationships, in vivo non-mammalian models have emerged as indispensable tools. Species such as Danio rerio, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus species and Gallus gallus embryos have proven to be invaluable in shedding light on the intricate pathways implicated in RASopathies. Despite some inherent weaknesses, these genetic models offer distinct advantages over traditional rodent models, providing a holistic perspective on complex genetics, multi-organ involvement, and the interplay among various pathway components, offering insights into the pathophysiological aspects of mutations-driven symptoms. This review underscores the value of investigating the genetic basis of RASopathies for unraveling the underlying mechanisms contributing to broader neurological complexities. It also emphasizes the pivotal role of non-mammalian models in serving as a crucial preliminary step for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rodríguez-Martín
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (J.B.-F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
| | - Juan Báez-Flores
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (J.B.-F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
| | - Vanessa Ribes
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Clinical Rare Diseases Reference Unit DiERCyL, 37007 Castilla y León, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (J.B.-F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
| | - Pablo Prieto-Matos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.I.-G.); (P.P.-M.)
- Clinical Rare Diseases Reference Unit DiERCyL, 37007 Castilla y León, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostics Science, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
González-Salvatierra S, García-Fontana C, Lacal J, Andújar-Vera F, Martínez-Heredia L, Sanabria-de la Torre R, Ferrer-Millán M, Moratalla-Aranda E, Muñoz-Torres M, García-Fontana B. Cardioprotective function of sclerostin by reducing calcium deposition, proliferation, and apoptosis in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:301. [PMID: 37919715 PMCID: PMC10623848 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerostin is an inhibitor of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway, which regulates bone formation, and can be expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased serum and tissue expression of sclerostin. However, whether the role of sclerostin is detrimental or protective in the development of CVD is unknown. Therefore, our aims are to determine the level of sclerostin in T2D patients with/without CVD and in controls, both at serum and vascular tissue, and to analyze the role of sclerostin in VSMCs under calcified environments. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 121 controls and 139 T2D patients with/without CVD (48/91). Sclerostin levels in serum were determined by ELISA, and sclerostin expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in calcified and non-calcified artery of lower limb from T2D patients (n = 7) and controls (n = 3). In vitro experiments were performed in VSMCs (mock and sclerostin overexpression) under calcifying conditions analyzing the sclerostin function by determination of calcium and phosphate concentrations, and quantification of calcium deposits by Alizarin Red. Proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The regulation of the expression of genes involved in bone metabolism was determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS A significant increase in serum sclerostin levels in T2D patients with CVD compared to T2D patients without CVD and controls (p < 0.001) was observed. Moreover, higher circulating sclerostin levels were independently associated with CVD in T2D patients. Increased sclerostin expression was observed in calcified arteries of T2D patients compared to non-calcified arteries of controls (p = 0.003). In vitro experiments using VSMCs under calcified conditions, revealed that sclerostin overexpression reduced intracellular calcium (p = 0.001), calcium deposits (p < 0.001), cell proliferation (p < 0.001) and promoted cell survival (p = 0.015). Furthermore, sclerostin overexpression exhibited up-regulation of ALPL (p = 0.009), RUNX2 (p = 0.001) and COX2 (p = 0.003) and down-regulation of inflammatory genes, such as, IL1β (p = 0.005), IL6 (p = 0.001) and IL8 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin could play a protective role in the development of atherosclerosis in T2D patients by reducing calcium deposits, decreasing proliferation and inflammation, and promoting cell survival in VSMCs under calcifying conditions. Therefore, considering the bone-vascular axis, treatment with anti-sclerostin for bone disease should be used with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila González-Salvatierra
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain.
- Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Andújar-Vera
- Bioinformatic Research Service, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI Institute), Granada, 18014, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - María Ferrer-Millán
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Enrique Moratalla-Aranda
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain.
- Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain.
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
- Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González-Salvatierra S, García-Fontana B, Martínez-Heredia L, Lacal J, Andújar-Vera F, Sanabria-de la Torre R, Moratalla-Aranda E, Lozano-Alonso S, García-Fontana C, Muñoz-Torres M. Exploring the role of osteoglycin in type 2 diabetes: implications for insulin resistance and vascular pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E649-E660. [PMID: 37819194 PMCID: PMC10874653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00320.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoglycin, a fundamental proteoglycan within the vascular extracellular matrix, is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the role of osteoglycin in the development of CVD is controversial to date. Therefore, our aims are to determine and compare the level of osteoglycin in T2D patients with/without CVD versus control subjects both at serum and vascular tissue and to analyze in vitro role of osteoglycin in VSMCs under calcified conditions. For this, serum osteoglycin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 117 controls and 129 patients with T2D (46 with CVD and 83 without CVD), revealing a significant increase in patients with T2D compared with controls. Osteoglycin level was not an estimator of CVD but correlated with markers of insulin resistance (triglycerides and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol index) in patients with T2D. At the vascular level, osteoglycin expression was assessed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, and no significant differences were observed between calcified arteries from patients with T2D and noncalcified arteries from controls. In vitro experiments using VSMCs (mock and overexpressing osteoglycin) under calcifying conditions were performed to analyze the osteoglycin function. The overexpression of osteoglycin in VMSCs under calcifying conditions revealed an increase of cell proliferation without effect on apoptosis and an upregulation of the expression of autotaxin (ATX) involved in inflammatory processes. In conclusion, osteoglycin could play a role in glycemic homeostasis, being a potential biomarker of insulin resistance in patients with T2D. Furthermore, osteoglycin could indirectly participate in the development of atherosclerosis through its regulatory effect on ATX and by proliferating VSMCs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study uncovers an increase of serum osteoglycin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, which does not appear to be associated with the development of atherosclerosis, but rather with insulin resistance in this population. Overexpression of osteoglycin increased proliferation and upregulated the expression of autotaxin in vascular smooth muscle cells within calcified environments. Osteoglycin could be a biomarker of insulin resistance for type 2 diabetes and could be indirectly involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila González-Salvatierra
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Lacal
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Andújar-Vera
- Bioinformatic Research Service, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI Institute), Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Moratalla-Aranda
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Silvia Lozano-Alonso
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Fontana
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Báez-Flores J, Rodríguez-Martín M, Lacal J. The therapeutic potential of neurofibromin signaling pathways and binding partners. Commun Biol 2023; 6:436. [PMID: 37081086 PMCID: PMC10119308 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromin controls many cell processes, such as growth, learning, and memory. If neurofibromin is not working properly, it can lead to health problems, including issues with the nervous, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems and cancer. This review examines neurofibromin's binding partners, signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets. In addition, it summarizes the different post-translational modifications that can affect neurofibromin's interactions with other molecules. It is essential to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie neurofibromin variants in order to provide with functional connections between neurofibromin and its associated proteins for possible therapeutic targets based on its biological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Báez-Flores
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Martín
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics of Rare Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Montero-Bullón JF, González-Velasco Ó, Isidoro-García M, Lacal J. Integrated in silico MS-based phosphoproteomics and network enrichment analysis of RASopathy proteins. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:303. [PMID: 34229750 PMCID: PMC8258961 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RASopathies are a group of syndromes showing clinical overlap caused by mutations in genes affecting the RAS-MAPK pathway. Consequent disruption on cellular signaling leads and is driven by phosphoproteome remodeling. However, we still lack a comprehensive picture of the different key players and altered downstream effectors. Methods An in silico interactome of RASopathy proteins was generated using pathway enrichment analysis/STRING tool, including identification of main hub proteins. We also integrated phosphoproteomic and immunoblotting studies using previous published information on RASopathy proteins and their neighbors in the context of RASopathy syndromes. Data from Phosphosite database (www.phosphosite.org) was collected in order to obtain the potential phosphosites subjected to regulation in the 27 causative RASopathy proteins. We compiled a dataset of dysregulated phosphosites in RASopathies, searched for commonalities between syndromes in harmonized data, and analyzed the role of phosphorylation in the syndromes by the identification of key players between the causative RASopathy proteins and the associated interactome. Results In this study, we provide a curated data set of 27 causative RASopathy genes, identify up to 511 protein–protein associations using pathway enrichment analysis/STRING tool, and identify 12 nodes as main hub proteins. We found that a large group of proteins contain tyrosine residues and their biological processes include but are not limited to the nervous system. Harmonizing published RASopathy phosphoproteomic and immunoblotting studies we identified a total of 147 phosphosites with increased phosphorylation, whereas 47 have reduced phosphorylation. The PKB signaling pathway is the most represented among the dysregulated phosphoproteins within the RASopathy proteins and their neighbors, followed by phosphoproteins implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and the MAPK pathway. Conclusions This work illustrates the complex network underlying the RASopathies and the potential of phosphoproteomics for dissecting the molecular mechanisms in these syndromes. A combined study of associated genes, their interactome and phosphorylation events in RASopathies, elucidates key players and mechanisms to direct future research, diagnosis and therapeutic windows. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01934-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullón
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Óscar González-Velasco
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Group, IBMCC Cancer Research Center, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Network for Cooperative Research in Health-RETICS ARADyAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Molecular Genetics of Human Diseases Group, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martín‐González J, Montero‐Bullón J, Lacal J. Dictyostelium discoideum as a non-mammalian biomedical model. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:111-125. [PMID: 33124755 PMCID: PMC7888446 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum is one of eight non-mammalian model organisms recognized by the National Institute of Health for the study of human pathology. The use of this slime mould is possible owing to similarities in cell structure, behaviour and intracellular signalling with mammalian cells. Its haploid set of chromosomes completely sequenced amenable to genetic manipulation, its unique and short life cycle with unicellular and multicellular stages, and phenotypic richness encoding many human orthologues, make Dictyostelium a representative and simple model organism to unveil cellular processes in human disease. Dictyostelium studies within the biomedical field have provided fundamental knowledge in the areas of bacterial infection, immune cell chemotaxis, autophagy/phagocytosis and mitochondrial and neurological disorders. Consequently, Dictyostelium has been used to the development of related pharmacological treatments. Herein, we review the utilization of Dictyostelium as a model organism in biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martín‐González
- Molecular Genetics of Human Diseases GroupDepartment of Microbiology and GeneticsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of SalamancaCampus Miguel de UnamunoSalamancaE‐37007Spain
| | - Javier‐Fernando Montero‐Bullón
- Metabolic Engineering GroupDepartment of Microbiology and GeneticsUniversity of SalamancaCampus Miguel de UnamunoSalamancaE‐37007Spain
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Molecular Genetics of Human Diseases GroupDepartment of Microbiology and GeneticsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of SalamancaCampus Miguel de UnamunoSalamancaE‐37007Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
González-Velasco Ó, De Las Rivas J, Lacal J. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Early Developmentally Regulated Proteins in Dictyostelium Discoideum. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101187. [PMID: 31581556 PMCID: PMC6830349 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP acts as a secondary messenger involving different cellular functions in eukaryotes. Here, proteomic and transcriptomic profiling has been combined to identify novel early developmentally regulated proteins in eukaryote cells. These proteomic and transcriptomic experiments were performed in Dictyostelium discoideum given the unique advantages that this organism offers as a eukaryotic model for cell motility and as a nonmammalian model of human disease. By comparing whole-cell proteome analysis of developed (cAMP-pulsed) wild-type AX2 cells and an independent transcriptomic analysis of developed wild-type AX4 cells, our results show that up to 70% of the identified proteins overlap in the two independent studies. Among them, we have found 26 proteins previously related to cAMP signaling and identified 110 novel proteins involved in calcium signaling, adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, metabolism, and proteins that previously lacked any annotation. Our study validates previous findings, mostly for the canonical cAMP-pathway, and also generates further insight into the complexity of the transcriptomic changes during early development. This article also compares proteomic data between parental and cells lacking glkA, a GSK-3 kinase implicated in substrate adhesion and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium. This analysis reveals a set of proteins that show differences in expression in the two strains as well as overlapping protein level changes independent of GlkA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar González-Velasco
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group. Cancer Research Center (CIC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group. Cancer Research Center (CIC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baumgardner K, Lin C, Firtel RA, Lacal J. Phosphodiesterase PdeD, dynacortin, and a Kelch repeat-containing protein are direct GSK3 substrates in Dictyostelium that contribute to chemotaxis towards cAMP. Environ Microbiol 2019; 20:1888-1903. [PMID: 29626371 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The migration of cells according to a diffusible chemical signal in their environment is called chemotaxis, and the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is widely used for the study of eukaryotic chemotaxis. Dictyostelium must sense chemicals, such as cAMP, secreted during starvation to move towards the sources of the signal. Previous work demonstrated that the gskA gene encodes the Dictyostelium homologue of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, which plays a major role in the regulation of Dictyostelium chemotaxis. Cells lacking the GskA substrates Daydreamer and GflB exhibited chemotaxis defects less severe than those exhibited by gskA- (GskA null) cells, suggesting that additional GskA substrates might be involved in chemotaxis. Using phosphoproteomics we identify the GskA substrates PdeD, dynacortin and SogA and characterize the phenotypes of their respective null cells in response to the chemoattractant cAMP. All three chemotaxis phenotypes are defective, and in addition, we determine that carboxylesterase D2 is a common downstream effector of GskA, its direct substrates PdeD, GflB and the kinases GlkA and YakA, and that it also contributes to cell migration. Our findings identify new GskA substrates in cAMP signalling and break down the essential role of GskA in myosin II regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Baumgardner
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Connie Lin
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Richard A Firtel
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Jesus Lacal
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The directional movement toward extracellular chemical gradients, a process called chemotaxis, is an important property of cells. Central to eukaryotic chemotaxis is the molecular mechanism by which chemoattractant-mediated activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) induces symmetry breaking in the activated downstream signaling pathways. Studies with mainly Dictyostelium and mammalian neutrophils as experimental systems have shown that chemotaxis is mediated by a complex network of signaling pathways. Recently, several labs have used extensive and efficient proteomic approaches to further unravel this dynamic signaling network. Together these studies showed the critical role of the interplay between heterotrimeric G-protein subunits and monomeric G proteins in regulating cytoskeletal rearrangements during chemotaxis. Here we highlight how these proteomic studies have provided greater insight into the mechanisms by which the heterotrimeric G protein cycle is regulated, how heterotrimeric G proteins-induced symmetry breaking is mediated through small G protein signaling, and how symmetry breaking in G protein signaling subsequently induces cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youtao Liu
- a Department of Cell Biochemistry , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Lacal
- b Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Richard A Firtel
- b Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Arjan Kortholt
- a Department of Cell Biochemistry , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lacal J, Reyes-Darias JA, García-Fontana C, Ramos JL, Krell T. Tactic responses to pollutants and their potential to increase biodegradation efficiency. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:923-33. [PMID: 23163356 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of bacterial strains are able to use toxic aromatic hydrocarbons as carbon and energy sources. In a number of cases, the evolution of the corresponding degradation pathway was accompanied by the evolution of tactic behaviours either towards or away from these toxic carbon sources. Reports are reviewed which show that a chemoattraction to heterogeneously distributed aromatic pollutants increases the bioavailability of these compounds and their biodegradation efficiency. An extreme form of chemoattraction towards aromatic pollutants, termed 'hyperchemotaxis', was described for Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E, which is based on the action of the plasmid-encoded McpT chemoreceptor. Cells with this phenotype were found of being able to approach and of establishing contact with undiluted crude oil samples. Although close McpT homologues are found on other degradation plasmids, the sequence of their ligand-binding domains does not share significant similarity with that of NahY, the other characterized chemoreceptor for aromatic hydrocarbons. This may suggest the existence of at least two families of chemoreceptors for aromatic pollutants. The use of receptor chimers comprising the ligand-binding region of McpT for biosensing purposes is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lacal
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Albeit the exciting new developments in the last few years in the field of the growth factors and oncogene research, there are still many dark points in the pathways that lead to cell growth which makes future research even more interesting. The complexity of the network of proteins and messengers which are known to be involved, as well as the new discoveries indicating that new members of the cascade are yet to be discovered, gives the impression that we have to be more open minded than previously. Thus, a comprehensive look to the multiple pathways affected by some of the key molecules involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation is becoming more an obligation than a preference. Guided by this our review brings together most of the elements which seems to be relevant for the function of Ras proteins with special attention to the phospholipid metabolism alterations. We hope that it would stimulate stronger interaction among specialists working in different areas of the signal transduction pathways.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gavira JA, Lacal J, Ramos JL, García-Ruiz JM, Krell T, Pineda-Molina E. Crystallization and crystallographic analysis of the ligand-binding domain of the Pseudomonas putida chemoreceptor McpS in complex with malate and succinate. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:428-31. [PMID: 22505412 PMCID: PMC3325812 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112004940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) are transmembrane proteins that sense changes in environmental signals, generating a chemotactic response and regulating other cellular processes. MCPs are composed of two main domains: a ligand-binding domain (LBD) and a cytosolic signalling domain (CSD). Here, the crystallization of the LBD of the chemoreceptor McpS (McpS-LBD) is reported. McpS-LBD is responsible for sensing most of the TCA-cycle intermediates in the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440. McpS-LBD was expressed, purified and crystallized in complex with two of its natural ligands (malate and succinate). Crystals were obtained by both the counter-diffusion and the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion techniques after pre-incubation of McpS-LBD with the ligands. The crystals were isomorphous and belonged to space group C2, with two molecules per asymmetric unit. Diffraction data were collected at the ESRF synchrotron X-ray source to resolutions of 1.8 and 1.9 Å for the malate and succinate complexes, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Gavira
- Laboratorio de Estudios Crystalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas–Universidad de Granada), Avenida De Las Palmeras 4, E-18100 Granada, Spain
| | - J. Lacal
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Calle Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - J. L. Ramos
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Calle Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - J. M. García-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Estudios Crystalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas–Universidad de Granada), Avenida De Las Palmeras 4, E-18100 Granada, Spain
| | - T. Krell
- Department of Environmental Protection, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Calle Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - E. Pineda-Molina
- Laboratorio de Estudios Crystalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas–Universidad de Granada), Avenida De Las Palmeras 4, E-18100 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pineda-Molina E, Lacal J, Gavira JA, Ramos JL, García-Ruiz JM, Krell T. Structure of a novel bacterial small molecule sensor domain with two ligands. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311094359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
14
|
Molina L, Duque E, Gómez MJ, Krell T, Lacal J, García-Puente A, García V, Matilla MA, Ramos JL, Segura A. The pGRT1 plasmid of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E encodes functions relevant for survival under harsh conditions in the environment. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:2315-27. [PMID: 21605303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E has the capacity to grow in the presence of high concentrations of toluene. This ability is mainly conferred by an efflux pump encoded in a self-transmissible 133 kb plasmid named pGRT1. Sequence analysis of the pGRT1 plasmid revealed several key features. Most of the genes related to the plasmid maintenance functions show similarity with those encoded on pBVIE04 from Burkholderia vietnamensis G4, and knock-out mutants in several of these genes confirmed their roles. Two additional plasmid DNA fragments were incorporated into the plasmid backbone by recombination and/or transposition; in these DNA regions, apart from multiple recombinases and transposases, several stress-related and environmentally relevant functions are encoded. We report that plasmid pGRT1 not only confers the cells with tolerance to toluene but also resistance to ultraviolet light. We show here the implication of a new protein in solvent tolerance which controls the level of expression of the TtgGHI efflux pump, as well as the implication of a protein with homology to the universal stress protein in solvent tolerance and ultraviolet light resistance. Furthermore, this plasmid encodes functions that allow the cells to chemotactically respond to toluene and participate in iron scavenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Molina
- Environmental Protection Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda 1,18008-Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Quintana
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - M. H. Blanco
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - J. Lacal
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - L. Hernández
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garriguet J, Ruiz J, Lacal J, Gomáriz M, Molleja P, Rodríguez M, Castellano D, Vilchez P. Correlación de la analgesia epidural en el aumento de la tasa de cesáreas. Clínica e Investigación en Ginecología y Obstetricia 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-573x(06)74075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
17
|
Marchetti E, Romero J, Sanchez R, Vargas J, Dominguez C, Lacal J, Ramon y Cajal S. Oncogenes and cellular-sensitivity to radiotherapy - a study on murine keratinocytes transformed by v-h-ras, v-myc, v-Neu, adenovirus e1a and mutant p53. Int J Oncol 1994; 5:611-618. [PMID: 21559621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms involved in cellular radioresistance are mostly unknown and may be related to specific genetic alterations. In order to correlate the most frequent oncogenic alterations detected in tumors and ionizing radiation resistance, we studied the effect of irradiation on murine keratinocytes transformed by different oncogenes. Mouse PAM 212 keratinocytes were transformed by transfection or retroviral mediated infection with the oncogenes v-H-ras, v-myc, adenovirus Ela, neu and a mutant p53 (mp53). Cells were gamma irradiated with a Co-60 source. Cell viability was evaluated by the crystal violet method and thymidine uptake and data adjusted to the linear-quadratic model. Surviving fraction 2Gy (SF2) and DO was calculated. Cell cycle study was assessed by incorporation of bromodeoxyridine (BrdUrd) and flow cytometry. p53 protein was studied by Western-blot and apoptosis in DNA agarose gels. The surviving fraction for the different keratinocytes, PAM 212, 212 neo, 212 Ela, 212 v-H-ras, 212 myc, 212 neu and 212 mp53 was 0.79, 0.78, 0.34, 0.82, 0.68, 0.74, and 0.72, respectively. Ela oncogene induced a great sensitivity to irradiation and v-H-ras a mild radioresistance. In flow cytometry, 212 Ela keratinocytes displayed a pronounced and prolonged arrest in G2/M phase. Apoptosis was observed after irradiation only in the 212 Ela keratinocytes. With these results, we conclude that some oncogene products may modulate radiosensitivity in keratinocytes. Mechanisms involved in radiosensitivity mediated by the Ela oncogene seem to be related to p53 protein level, induction of apoptosis and to an irreversible premitotic arrest in G2/M phase, ineffective for repair of DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Marchetti
- CLIN PUERTA DE HIERRO,DEPT PATHOL,E-28035 MADRID,SPAIN. INST INVEST BIOMED,E-28035 MADRID,SPAIN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|