1
|
Micolonghi C, Perrone F, Fabiani M, Caroselli S, Savio C, Pizzuti A, Germani A, Visco V, Petrucci S, Rubattu S, Piane M. Unveiling the Spectrum of Minor Genes in Cardiomyopathies: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9787. [PMID: 39337275 PMCID: PMC11431948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cardiomyopathies (CMPs), including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), represent a group of heart disorders that significantly contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and are often driven by genetic factors. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have enabled the identification of rare variants in both well-established and minor genes associated with CMPs. Nowadays, a set of core genes is included in diagnostic panels for ACM, DCM, and HCM. On the other hand, despite their lesser-known status, variants in the minor genes may contribute to disease mechanisms and influence prognosis. This review evaluates the current evidence supporting the involvement of the minor genes in CMPs, considering their potential pathogenicity and clinical significance. A comprehensive analysis of databases, such as ClinGen, ClinVar, and GeneReviews, along with recent literature and diagnostic guidelines provides a thorough overview of the genetic landscape of minor genes in CMPs and offers guidance in clinical practice, evaluating each case individually based on the clinical referral, and insights for future research. Given the increasing knowledge on these less understood genetic factors, future studies are essential to clearly assess their roles, ultimately leading to improved diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategies in hereditary CMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Micolonghi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fabiani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- ALTAMEDICA, Human Genetics, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Caroselli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Juno Genetics, Reproductive Genetics, 00188 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mendel Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Aldo Germani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Visco
- S. Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- S. Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mendel Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- S. Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Piane
- S. Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tawfeeq C, Song J, Khaniya U, Madej T, Wang J, Youkharibache P, Abrol R. Towards a structural and functional analysis of the immunoglobulin-fold proteome. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 138:135-178. [PMID: 38220423 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin fold (Ig fold) domain is a super-secondary structural motif consisting of a sandwich with two layers of β-sheets that is present in many proteins with very diverse biological functions covering a wide range of physiological processes. This domain presents a modular architecture built with β strands connected by variable length loops that has a highly conserved structural core of four β-strands and quite variable β-sheet extensions in the two sandwich layers that enable both divergent and convergent evolutionary mechanisms in the known Ig fold proteome. The central role of this Ig fold's structural plasticity in the evolutionary success of antibodies in our immune system is well established. Nature has also utilized this Ig fold in all domains of life in many different physiological contexts that go way beyond the immune system. Here we will present a structural and functional overview of the utilization of the Ig fold in different biological processes and in different cellular contexts to highlight some of the innumerable ways that this structural motif can interact in multidomain proteins to enable their diversity of functions. This includes shareable specific protein structure visualizations behind those functions that serve as starting points for further explorations of the biomolecular interactions spanning the Ig fold proteome. This overview also highlights how this Ig fold is being utilized through natural adaptation, engineering, and even building from scratch for a range of biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caesar Tawfeeq
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, United States
| | - James Song
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Umesh Khaniya
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Thomas Madej
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jiyao Wang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Philippe Youkharibache
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.
| | - Ravinder Abrol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Wang P, Pan Q, Liu G, Liu W, Omotoso O, Du J, Li Z, Yu Y, Huang Y, Zhu P, Li M, Zhou X. Chromosome-level Asian elephant genome assembly and comparative genomics of long-lived mammals reveal the common substitutions for cancer resistance. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13917. [PMID: 37395176 PMCID: PMC10497851 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber), bats (e.g., genus Myotis), and elephants (family Elephantidae) are known as long-lived mammals and are assumed to be excellent cancer antagonists. However, whether there are common genetic changes underpinning cancer resistance in these long-lived species is yet to be fully established. Here, we newly generated a high-quality chromosome-level Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) genome and identified that the expanded gene families in elephants are involved in Ras-associated and base excision repair pathways. Moreover, we performed comparative genomic analyses of 12 mammals and examined genes with signatures of positive selection in elephants, naked mole rat, and greater horseshoe bat. Residues at positively selected sites of CDR2L and ALDH6A1 in these long-lived mammals enhanced the inhibition of tumor cell migration compared to those in short-lived relatives. Overall, our study provides a new genome resource and a preliminary survey of common genetic changes in long-lived mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qi Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gaoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Olatunde Omotoso
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zihao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Yun Huang
- Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Pingfen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
| | - Meng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
| | - Xuming Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation BiologyInstitute of ZoologyBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Filomena MC, Yamamoto DL, Carullo P, Medvedev R, Ghisleni A, Piroddi N, Scellini B, Crispino R, D'Autilia F, Zhang J, Felicetta A, Nemska S, Serio S, Tesi C, Catalucci D, Linke WA, Polishchuk R, Poggesi C, Gautel M, Bang ML. Myopalladin knockout mice develop cardiac dilation and show a maladaptive response to mechanical pressure overload. eLife 2021; 10:e58313. [PMID: 34558411 PMCID: PMC8547954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopalladin (MYPN) is a striated muscle-specific immunoglobulin domain-containing protein located in the sarcomeric Z-line and I-band. MYPN gene mutations are causative for dilated (DCM), hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. In a yeast two-hybrid screening, MYPN was found to bind to titin in the Z-line, which was confirmed by microscale thermophoresis. Cardiac analyses of MYPN knockout (MKO) mice showed the development of mild cardiac dilation and systolic dysfunction, associated with decreased myofibrillar isometric tension generation and increased resting tension at longer sarcomere lengths. MKO mice exhibited a normal hypertrophic response to transaortic constriction (TAC), but rapidly developed severe cardiac dilation and systolic dysfunction, associated with fibrosis, increased fetal gene expression, higher intercalated disc fold amplitude, decreased calsequestrin-2 protein levels, and increased desmoplakin and SORBS2 protein levels. Cardiomyocyte analyses showed delayed Ca2+ release and reuptake in unstressed MKO mice as well as reduced Ca2+ spark amplitude post-TAC, suggesting that altered Ca2+ handling may contribute to the development of DCM in MKO mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Filomena
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan unitMilanItaly
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Daniel L Yamamoto
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan unitMilanItaly
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan unitMilanItaly
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Roman Medvedev
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Andrea Ghisleni
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research ExcellenceLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta Piroddi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Beatrice Scellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Roberta Crispino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | | | - Jianlin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Arianna Felicetta
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- Humanitas UniversityPieve EmanueleItaly
| | | | | | - Chiara Tesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Roman Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research ExcellenceLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - National Research Council (CNR), Milan unitMilanItaly
- IRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ono S. Diversification of the calponin family proteins by gene amplification and repeat expansion of calponin-like motifs. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:199-205. [PMID: 34333878 PMCID: PMC8958760 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The calponin family proteins in vertebrates, including calponin and transgelin (also known as SM22 or NP25), regulate actin-myosin interaction and actin filament stability and are involved in regulation of muscle contractility and cell migration. Related proteins are also present in invertebrates and fungi. Animals have multiple genes encoding calponin family proteins with variable molecular features, which are often expressed in the same tissues or cells. However, functional studies of this class of proteins have been reported only in limited species. Through database searches, I found that the calponin family proteins were diversified in animals by gene amplification and repeat expansion of calponin-like (CLIK) motifs, which function as actin-binding sequences. Transgelin-like proteins with a single CLIK motif are the most primitive type and present in fungi and animals. In many animals, additional calponin family proteins containing multiple CLIK motifs, as represented by vertebrate calponins with three CLIK motifs, are present. Interestingly, in several invertebrate species, there are uncharacterized calponin-related proteins with highly expanded repeats of CLIK motifs (up to 23 repeats in mollusks). These variable molecular features of the calponin family proteins may be results of evolutionary adaptation to a broad range of cell biological events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ono
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kostan J, Pavšič M, Puž V, Schwarz TC, Drepper F, Molt S, Graewert MA, Schreiner C, Sajko S, van der Ven PFM, Onipe A, Svergun DI, Warscheid B, Konrat R, Fürst DO, Lenarčič B, Djinović-Carugo K. Molecular basis of F-actin regulation and sarcomere assembly via myotilin. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001148. [PMID: 33844684 PMCID: PMC8062120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of striated muscle cells, contain arrays of thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments that slide past each other during contraction. The Ig-like domain-containing protein myotilin provides structural integrity to Z-discs-the boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres. Myotilin binds to Z-disc components, including F-actin and α-actinin-2, but the molecular mechanism of binding and implications of these interactions on Z-disc integrity are still elusive. To illuminate them, we used a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering, cross-linking mass spectrometry, and biochemical and molecular biophysics approaches. We discovered that myotilin displays conformational ensembles in solution. We generated a structural model of the F-actin:myotilin complex that revealed how myotilin interacts with and stabilizes F-actin via its Ig-like domains and flanking regions. Mutant myotilin designed with impaired F-actin binding showed increased dynamics in cells. Structural analyses and competition assays uncovered that myotilin displaces tropomyosin from F-actin. Our findings suggest a novel role of myotilin as a co-organizer of Z-disc assembly and advance our mechanistic understanding of myotilin's structural role in Z-discs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Kostan
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miha Pavšič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Puž
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas C. Schwarz
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedel Drepper
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Molt
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Schreiner
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Sajko
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter F. M. van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adekunle Onipe
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter O. Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Brigita Lenarčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Djinović-Carugo
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Solís C, Solaro RJ. Novel insights into sarcomere regulatory systems control of cardiac thin filament activation. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211903. [PMID: 33740037 PMCID: PMC7988513 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our review focuses on sarcomere regulatory mechanisms with a discussion of cardiac-specific modifications to the three-state model of thin filament activation from a blocked to closed to open state. We discuss modulation of these thin filament transitions by Ca2+, by crossbridge interactions, and by thick filament–associated proteins, cardiac myosin–binding protein C (cMyBP-C), cardiac regulatory light chain (cRLC), and titin. Emerging evidence supports the idea that the cooperative activation of the thin filaments despite a single Ca2+ triggering regulatory site on troponin C (cTnC) cannot be considered in isolation of other functional domains of the sarcomere. We discuss long- and short-range interactions among these domains with the regulatory units of thin filaments, including proteins at the barbed end at the Z-disc and the pointed end near the M-band. Important to these discussions is the ever-increasing understanding of the role of cMyBP-C, cRLC, and titin filaments. Detailed knowledge of these control processes is critical to the understanding of mechanisms sustaining physiological cardiac state with varying hemodynamic load, to better defining genetic and acquired cardiac disorders, and to developing targets for therapies at the level of the sarcomeres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Solís
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Chicago, IL
| | - R John Solaro
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vattepu R, Klausmeyer RA, Ayella A, Yadav R, Dille JT, Saiz SV, Beck MR. Conserved tryptophan mutation disrupts structure and function of immunoglobulin domain revealing unusual tyrosine fluorescence. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2062-2074. [PMID: 32797644 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) domains are the most prevalent protein domain structure and share a highly conserved folding pattern; however, this structural family of proteins is also the most diverse in terms of biological roles and tissue expression. Ig domains vary significantly in amino acid sequence but share a highly conserved tryptophan in the hydrophobic core of this beta-stranded protein. Palladin is an actin binding and bundling protein that has five Ig domains and plays an important role in normal cell adhesion and motility. Mutation of the core tryptophan in one Ig domain of palladin has been identified in a pancreatic cancer cell line, suggesting a crucial role for this sole tryptophan in palladin Ig domain structure, stability, and function. We found that actin binding and bundling was not completely abolished with removal of this tryptophan despite a partially unfolded structure and significantly reduced stability of the mutant Ig domain as shown by circular dichroism investigations. In addition, this mutant palladin domain displays a tryptophan-like fluorescence attributed to an anomalous tyrosine emission at 341 nm. Our results indicate that this emission originates from a tyrosinate that may be formed in the excited ground state by proton transfer to a nearby aspartic acid residue. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of tryptophan in protein structural stability and illustrates how tyrosinate emission contributions may be overlooked during the interpretation of the fluorescence properties of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vattepu
- Chemistry Department, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Allan Ayella
- Chemistry Department, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA.,Chemistry Department, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas, USA
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Chemistry Department, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Joseph T Dille
- Chemistry Department, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Stan V Saiz
- Chemistry Department, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Moriah R Beck
- Chemistry Department, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cracknell T, Mannsverk S, Nichols A, Dowle A, Blanco G. Proteomic resolution of IGFN1 complexes reveals a functional interaction with the actin nucleating protein COBL. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112179. [PMID: 32768501 PMCID: PMC7584501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Igfn1 gene produces multiple proteins by alternative splicing predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle. Igfn1 deficient clones derived from C2C12 myoblasts show reduced fusion index and morphological differences compared to control myotubes. Here, we first show that G:F actin ratios are significantly higher in differentiating IGFN1-deficient C2C12 myoblasts, suggesting that fusion and differentiation defects are underpinned by deficient actin remodelling. We obtained pull-downs from skeletal muscle with IGFN1 fragments and applied a proteomics approach. The proteomic composition of IGFN1 complexes identified the cytoskeleton and an association with the proteasome as the main networks. The actin nucleating protein COBL was selected for further validation. COBL is expressed in C2C12 myoblasts from the first stages of myoblast fusion but not in proliferating cells. COBL is also expressed in adult muscle and, as IGFN1, localizes to the Z-disc. We show that IGFN1 interacts, stabilizes and colocalizes with COBL and prevents the ability of COBL to form actin ruffles in COS7 cells. COBL loss of function C2C12-derived clones are able to fuse, therefore indicating that COBL or the IGFN1/COBL interaction are not essential for myoblast fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steinar Mannsverk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angus Nichols
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO32 5UQ, UK
| | - Adam Dowle
- Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO32 5UQ, UK
| | - Gonzalo Blanco
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO32 5UQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhai C, Djimsa BA, Prenni JE, Woerner DR, Belk KE, Nair MN. Tandem mass tag labeling to characterize muscle-specific proteome changes in beef during early postmortem period. J Proteomics 2020; 222:103794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
12
|
Ono K, Qin Z, Johnsen RC, Baillie DL, Ono S. Kettin, the large actin-binding protein with multiple immunoglobulin domains, is essential for sarcomeric actin assembly and larval development in Caenorhabditis elegans. FEBS J 2019; 287:659-670. [PMID: 31411810 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Among many essential genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, let-330 is located on the left arm of chromosome V and was identified as the largest target of a mutagen in this region. However, let-330 gene has not been characterized at the molecular level. Here, we report that two sequenced let-330 alleles are nonsense mutations of ketn-1, a previously characterized gene encoding kettin. Kettin is a large actin-binding protein of 472 kDa with 31 immunoglobulin domains and is expressed in muscle cells in C. elegans. let-330/ketn-1 mutants are homozygous lethal at the first larval stage with mild defects in body elongation. These mutants have severe defects in sarcomeric actin and myosin assembly in striated muscle. However, α-actinin and vinculin, which are components of the dense bodies anchoring actin to the membranes, were not significantly disorganized by let-330/ketn-1 mutation. Kettin localizes to embryonic myofibrils before α-actinin is expressed, and α-actinin deficiency does not affect kettin localization in larval muscle. Depletion of vinculin minimally affects kettin localization but significantly reduces colocalization of actin with kettin in embryonic muscle cells. These results indicate that kettin is an essential protein for sarcomeric assembly of actin filaments in muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhaozhao Qin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Robert C Johnsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - David L Baillie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tiberti M, Lechner BD, Fornili A. Binding Pockets in Proteins Induced by Mechanical Stress. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1-6. [PMID: 30525608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the first observation of a pocket that opens as a result of a mechanical force applied to an Ig-like domain from the cardiac muscle. This previously unseen mechanism of pocket formation is revealed by molecular dynamics simulations under force. Preliminary investigations show that this "mechano-pocket" is potentially druggable and could be found in other domains from the same fold family, suggesting the existence of a general mechanism of pocket formation under mechanical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tiberti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Bob-Dan Lechner
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Fornili
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS , United Kingdom.,The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials , London , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brooks SA, Stick J, Braman A, Palermo K, Robinson NE, Ainsworth DM. Identification of loci affecting sexually dimorphic patterns for height and recurrent laryngeal neuropathy risk in American Belgian Draft Horses. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:1051-1058. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00068.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) is a bilateral mononeuropathy with an unknown etiology. In Thoroughbreds (TB), we previously demonstrated that the haplotype association for height (LCORL/NCAPG locus on ECA3, which affects body size) and RLN was coincident. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) for RLN in 458 American Belgian Draft Horses, a breed fixed for the LCORL/NCAPG risk alelle. In this breed, RLN risk is associated with sexually dimorphic differences in height, and we identified a novel locus contributing to height in a sex-specific manner: MYPN (ECA1). Yet this specific locus contributes little to RLN risk, suggesting that other growth traits correlated to height may underlie the correlation to this disease. Controlling for height, we identified a locus on ECA15 contributing to RLN risk specifically in males. These results suggest that loci with sex-specific gene expression play an important role in altering growth traits impacting RLN etiology, but not necessarily adult height. These newly identified genes are promising targets for novel preventative and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Brooks
- Department of Animal Science, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John Stick
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ashley Braman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Katelyn Palermo
- Department of Animal Science, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - N. Edward Robinson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Baker J, Cracknell T, Haynes AR, Blanco G. IGFN1_v1 is required for myoblast fusion and differentiation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180217. [PMID: 28665998 PMCID: PMC5493368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Igfn1 is a complex locus that codes for multiple splicing variants of Immunoglobulin- and Fibronectin-like domain containing proteins predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle. To reveal possible roles for Igfn1, we applied non-selective knock-down by shRNAs as well as specific targeting of Igfn1 exon 13 by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in C2C12 cells. Decreased expression of Igfn1 variants via shRNAs against the common 3'-UTR region caused a total blunting of myoblast fusion, but did not prevent expression of differentiation markers. Targeting of N-terminal domains by elimination of exon 13 via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homologous recombination, also resulted in fusion defects as well as large multinucleated cells. Expression of IGFN1_v1 partially rescued fusion and myotube morphology in the Igfn1 exon 13 knock-out cell line, indicating a role for this variant in myoblast fusion and differentiation. However, in vivo overexpression of IGFN1_v1 or the Igfn1 Exon 13 CRISPR/Cas9 targeting vector did not result in significant size changes in transfected fibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Baker
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew R. Haynes
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Blanco
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Myotilin is a component of the sarcomere where it plays an important role in organisation and maintenance of Z-disk integrity. This involves direct binding to F-actin and filamin C, a function mediated by its Ig domain pair. While the structures of these two individual domains are known, information about their relative orientation and flexibility remains limited. We set on to characterise the Ig domain pair of myotilin with emphasis on its molecular structure, dynamics and phylogeny. First, sequence conservation analysis of myotilin shed light on the molecular basis of myotilinopathies and revealed several motifs in Ig domains found also in I-band proteins. In particular, a highly conserved Glu344 mapping to Ig domain linker, was identified as a critical component of the inter-domain hinge mechanism. Next, SAXS and molecular dynamics revealed that Ig domain pair exists as a multi-conformation species with dynamic exchange between extended and compact orientations. Mutation of AKE motif to AAA further confirmed its impact on inter-domain flexibility. We hypothesise that the conformational plasticity of the Ig domain pair in its unbound form is part of the binding partner recognition mechanism.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Cardiac and skeletal striated muscles are intricately designed machines responsible for muscle contraction. Coordination of the basic contractile unit, the sarcomere, and the complex cytoskeletal networks are critical for contractile activity. The sarcomere is comprised of precisely organized individual filament systems that include thin (actin), thick (myosin), titin, and nebulin. Connecting the sarcomere to other organelles (e.g., mitochondria and nucleus) and serving as the scaffold to maintain cellular integrity are the intermediate filaments. The costamere, on the other hand, tethers the sarcomere to the cell membrane. Unique structures like the intercalated disc in cardiac muscle and the myotendinous junction in skeletal muscle help synchronize and transmit force. Intense investigation has been done on many of the proteins that make up these cytoskeletal assemblies. Yet the details of their function and how they interconnect have just started to be elucidated. A vast number of human myopathies are contributed to mutations in muscle proteins; thus understanding their basic function provides a mechanistic understanding of muscle disorders. In this review, we highlight the components of striated muscle with respect to their interactions, signaling pathways, functions, and connections to disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:891-944, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Henderson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher G Gomez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stefanie M Novak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lei Mi-Mi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carol C Gregorio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pernigo S, Fukuzawa A, Beedle AEM, Holt M, Round A, Pandini A, Garcia-Manyes S, Gautel M, Steiner RA. Binding of Myomesin to Obscurin-Like-1 at the Muscle M-Band Provides a Strategy for Isoform-Specific Mechanical Protection. Structure 2016; 25:107-120. [PMID: 27989621 PMCID: PMC5222588 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomeric cytoskeleton is a network of modular proteins that integrate mechanical and signaling roles. Obscurin, or its homolog obscurin-like-1, bridges the giant ruler titin and the myosin crosslinker myomesin at the M-band. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying the physical obscurin(-like-1):myomesin connection, important for mechanical integrity of the M-band, remained elusive. Here, using a combination of structural, cellular, and single-molecule force spectroscopy techniques, we decode the architectural and functional determinants defining the obscurin(-like-1):myomesin complex. The crystal structure reveals a trans-complementation mechanism whereby an incomplete immunoglobulin-like domain assimilates an isoform-specific myomesin interdomain sequence. Crucially, this unconventional architecture provides mechanical stability up to forces of ∼135 pN. A cellular competition assay in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes validates the complex and provides the rationale for the isoform specificity of the interaction. Altogether, our results reveal a novel binding strategy in sarcomere assembly, which might have implications on muscle nanomechanics and overall M-band organization. The structure of the human obscurin-like-1:myomesin complex has been determined A myomesin sequence complements an immunoglobulin fold of obscurin-like-1 This binding mechanism provides mechanical stability up to forces of ∼135 pN Possible implications on muscle nanomechanics and M-band organization are discussed
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pernigo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Atsushi Fukuzawa
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Amy E M Beedle
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Mark Holt
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Adam Round
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 38042 Grenoble, France; School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Alessandro Pandini
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Department of Computer Science and Synthetic Biology Theme, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Roberto A Steiner
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang X, Bae SH, Bachvaroff TR, Schott EJ, Ye H, Chung JS. Does a blue crab putative insulin-like peptide binding protein (ILPBP) play a role in a virus infection? FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:340-348. [PMID: 27664575 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) have regulatory roles in reproduction, development and metabolism in invertebrates. The mode of ILP actions has not been well studied in invertebrates in regard to the role of binding partners, i.e., ILP binding protein (ILPBP). In this study, the full-length cDNA of Callinectes sapidus ILPBP (Cas-ILPBP, 960 bp) has been isolated using RACE cloning, having short 5' and 3' UTRs of 30 and 162 bp, respectively. The predicted precursor of Cas-ILPBP (255 aa) contains, in order a signal peptide (23 aa), an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding (IB) domain (79 aa), a kazal-type serine protease inhibitor (KI) domain (36 aa) and an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain (101 aa). Phylogenetic analysis shows that Cas-ILPBP is grouped with the ILPBPs of other crustacean species, and it shares the closest relationship with the ILPBP from another crab species, Scylla paramamosain. Transcripts of Cas-ILPBP are found in all examined tissues, with the highest levels in the nervous tissues (eyestalk ganglia, brain and thoracic ganglia complex) and followed by midgut, the pericardial organ, abdominal muscle and the heart. As Cas-ILPBP contains a putative Ig domain, it is hypothesized that this protein may be involved in immunity, particularly in the adult females infected with a reo-like virus (CsRV1). The expression levels of Cas-ILPBP are examined in several tissues (hemocytes, midgut, eyestalk ganglia) from the animals carrying varying levels of CsRV1 at 17 and 23 °C water temperatures. Cas-ILPBP levels in the midgut are most significantly affected by high levels of CsRV1 infection. Reduction in Cas-ILPBP levels in the midguts is noted from the animals infected with high levels of CsRV1 that show reduced or stop feeding activity, indicating that it may play an important role in midgut functions such as digestion and nutrient absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Huang
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Sun-Hye Bae
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Tsvetan R Bachvaroff
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Eric J Schott
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Haihui Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - J Sook Chung
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bang ML. Animal Models of Congenital Cardiomyopathies Associated With Mutations in Z-Line Proteins. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:38-52. [PMID: 27171814 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac Z-line at the boundary between sarcomeres is a multiprotein complex connecting the contractile apparatus with the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. The Z-line is important for efficient force generation and transmission as well as the maintenance of structural stability and integrity. Furthermore, it is a nodal point for intracellular signaling, in particular mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Mutations in various genes encoding Z-line proteins have been associated with different cardiomyopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular noncompaction, and mutations even within the same gene can cause widely different pathologies. Animal models have contributed to a great advancement in the understanding of the physiological function of Z-line proteins and the pathways leading from mutations in Z-line proteins to cardiomyopathy, although genotype-phenotype prediction remains a great challenge. This review presents an overview of the currently available animal models for Z-line and Z-line associated proteins involved in human cardiomyopathies with special emphasis on knock-in and transgenic mouse models recapitulating the clinical phenotypes of human cardiomyopathy patients carrying mutations in Z-line proteins. Pros and cons of mouse models will be discussed and a future outlook will be given. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 38-52, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UOS Milan, National Research Council and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee M, San Martín A, Valdivia A, Martin-Garrido A, Griendling KK. Redox-Sensitive Regulation of Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor (MRTF-A) Phosphorylation via Palladin in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Marker Gene Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153199. [PMID: 27088725 PMCID: PMC4835087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo a phenotypic switch from a differentiated to synthetic phenotype in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Our previous studies indicate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) helps to maintain the differentiated phenotype by regulating expression of pro-differentiation genes such as smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) and Calponin (CNN) through reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in VSMCs. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Nox4 and myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A), a transcription factor known to be important in expression of smooth muscle marker genes. Previous work has shown that MRTF-A interacts with the actin-binding protein, palladin, although how this interaction affects MRTF-A function is unclear, as is the role of phosphorylation in MRTF-A activity. We found that Rho kinase (ROCK)-mediated phosphorylation of MRTF-A is a key event in the regulation of SMA and CNN in VSMCs and that this phosphorylation depends upon Nox4-mediated palladin expression. Knockdown of Nox4 using siRNA decreases TGF-β -induced palladin expression and MRTF-A phosphorylation, suggesting redox-sensitive regulation of this signaling pathway. Knockdown of palladin also decreases MRTF-A phosphorylation. These data suggest that Nox4-dependent palladin expression and ROCK regulate phosphorylation of MRTF-A, a critical factor in the regulation of SRF responsive gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United Sates of America
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United Sates of America
| | - Alejandra Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United Sates of America
| | - Abel Martin-Garrido
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United Sates of America
| | - Kathy K. Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United Sates of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Adams JN, Raffield LM, Martelle SE, Freedman BI, Langefeld CD, Carr JJ, Cox AJ, Bowden DW. Genetic analysis of advanced glycation end products in the DHS MIND study. Gene 2016; 584:173-9. [PMID: 26915486 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a diverse group of molecules produced by the non-enzymatic addition of glucose to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. AGE levels have been associated with hyperglycemia and diabetic complications, especially in animal models, but less clearly in human studies. We measured total serum AGEs using an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) in 506 subjects from 246 families in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS)/DHS MIND Study (n=399 type 2 diabetes (T2D)-affected). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several candidate genes, including known AGE receptors, were tested for their influence on circulating AGE levels. The genetic analysis was expanded to include an exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exome chip analysis of AGEs (≈440,000 SNPs). AGEs were found to be highly heritable (h(2)=0.628, p=8.96 × 10(-10)). While no SNPs from candidate genes were significantly associated after Bonferroni correction, rs1035798 in the gene AGER was the most significantly associated (p=0.007). Additionally, rs7198427, in MT1A, showed a nominally significant p-value (p=0.0099). No SNPs from the GWAS or exome studies were identified after correction for multiple comparisons; however, rs17054480 in the PALLD2 gene on chromosome 4 showed the strongest association (p=7.77 × 10(-7)). Five SNPs at two loci (ISCA2/NPC2 and FBXO33) had p-values of less than 2.0 × 10(-5) and three additional SNPs (rs716326 in MACROD2, and rs6795197 and rs6765857 in ZBTB38) showed a nominal association with p-values of less than 1.0 × 10(-5).These findings provide a foundation for further investigation into the genetic component of circulating AGEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy N Adams
- Program in Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Program in Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Susan E Martelle
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiologic Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Amanda J Cox
- Molecular Basis of Disease, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pernigo S, Fukuzawa A, Pandini A, Holt M, Kleinjung J, Gautel M, Steiner RA. The Crystal Structure of the Human Titin:Obscurin Complex Reveals a Conserved yet Specific Muscle M-Band Zipper Module. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:718-736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
24
|
Chang EH, Gasim AH, Kerber ML, Patel JB, Glaubiger SA, Falk RJ, Jennette JC, Otey CA. Palladin is upregulated in kidney disease and contributes to epithelial cell migration after injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7695. [PMID: 25573828 PMCID: PMC4648347 DOI: 10.1038/srep07695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovery from acute kidney injury involving tubular epithelial cells requires proliferation and migration of healthy cells to the area of injury. In this study, we show that palladin, a previously characterized cytoskeletal protein, is upregulated in injured tubules and suggest that one of its functions during repair is to facilitate migration of remaining cells to the affected site. In a mouse model of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody involving both tubular and glomerular disease, palladin is upregulated in injured tubular cells, crescents and capillary cells with angiitis. In human biopsies of kidneys from patients with other kidney diseases, palladin is also upregulated in crescents and injured tubules. In LLC-PK1 cells, a porcine proximal tubule cell line, stress induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) leads to palladin upregulation. Knockdown of palladin in LLC-PK1 does not disrupt cell morphology but does lead to a defect in cell migration. Furthermore, TGF-β1 induced increase in the 75 kDa palladin isoform occurs in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These data suggest that palladin expression is induced in injured cells and contributes to proper migration of cells in proximal tubules, possibly by regulation of gene expression as part of the healing process after acute injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Chang
- 1] UNC Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC [2] UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Adil H Gasim
- UNC Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Julie B Patel
- UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - J Charles Jennette
- 1] UNC Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC [2] UNC Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Carol A Otey
- UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vattepu R, Yadav R, Beck MR. Actin-induced dimerization of palladin promotes actin-bundling. Protein Sci 2014; 24:70-80. [PMID: 25307943 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A subset of actin binding proteins is able to form crosslinks between two or more actin filaments, thus producing structures of parallel or networked bundles. These actin crosslinking proteins interact with actin through either bivalent binding or dimerization. We recently identified two binding sites within the actin binding domain of palladin, an actin crosslinking protein that plays an important role in normal cell adhesion and motility during wound healing and embryonic development. In this study, we show that actin induces dimerization of palladin. Furthermore, the extent of dimerization reflects earlier comparisons of actin binding and bundling between different domains of palladin. On the basis of these results we hypothesized that actin binding may promote a conformational change that results in dimerization of palladin, which in turn may drive the crosslinking of actin filaments. The proximal distance between two actin binding sites on crosslinking proteins determines the ultrastructural properties of the filament network, therefore we also explored interdomain interactions using a combination of chemical crosslinking experiments and actin cosedimentation assays. Limited proteolysis data reveals that palladin is less susceptible to enzyme digestion after actin binding. Our results suggest that domain movements in palladin are necessary for interactions with actin and are induced by interactions with actin filaments. Accordingly, we put forth a model linking the structural changes to functional dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vattepu
- Chemistry Department, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, 67260
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Niedenberger BA, Chappell VA, Otey CA, Geyer CB. Actin dynamics regulate subcellular localization of the F-actin-binding protein PALLD in mouse Sertoli cells. Reproduction 2014; 148:333-41. [PMID: 24989903 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli cells undergo terminal differentiation at puberty to support all phases of germ cell development, which occurs in the mouse beginning in the second week of life. By ∼18 days postpartum (dpp), nearly all Sertoli cells have ceased proliferation. This terminal differentiation is accompanied by the development of unique and regionally concentrated filamentous actin (F-actin) structures at the basal and apical aspects of the seminiferous epithelium, and this reorganization is likely to involve the action of actin-binding proteins. Palladin (PALLD) is a widely expressed F-actin-binding and bundling protein recently shown to regulate these structures, yet it is predominantly nuclear in Sertoli cells at puberty. We found that PALLD localized within nuclei of primary Sertoli cells grown in serum-free media but relocalized to the cytoplasm upon serum stimulation. We utilized this system with in vivo relevance to Sertoli cell development to investigate mechanisms regulating nuclear localization of this F-actin-binding protein. Our results indicate that PALLD can be shuttled from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and that this relocalization occurred following depolymerization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in response to cAMP signaling. Nuclear localization was reduced in Hpg-mutant testes, suggesting the involvement of gonadotropin signaling. We found that PALLD nuclear localization was unaffected in testis tissues from LH receptor and androgen receptor-mutant mice. However, PALLD nuclear localization was reduced in the testes of FSH receptor-mutant mice, suggesting that FSH signaling during Sertoli cell maturation regulates this subcellular localization.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actins/metabolism
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Humans
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Sertoli Cells/metabolism
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Niedenberger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vesna A Chappell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol A Otey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher B Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
von Nandelstadh P, Gucciardo E, Lohi J, Li R, Sugiyama N, Carpen O, Lehti K. Actin-associated protein palladin promotes tumor cell invasion by linking extracellular matrix degradation to cell cytoskeleton. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2556-70. [PMID: 24989798 PMCID: PMC4148246 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast carcinomas, characterized by unfavorable prognosis and frequent metastases, are associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. During this process, cancer cells undergo cytoskeletal reorganization and up-regulate membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP; MMP14), which functions in actin-based pseudopods to drive invasion by extracellular matrix degradation. However, the mechanisms that couple matrix proteolysis to the actin cytoskeleton in cell invasion have remained unclear. On the basis of a yeast two-hybrid screen for the MT1-MMP cytoplasmic tail-binding proteins, we identify here a novel Src-regulated protein interaction between the dynamic cytoskeletal scaffold protein palladin and MT1-MMP. These proteins were coexpressed in invasive human basal-like breast carcinomas and corresponding cell lines, where they were associated in the same matrix contacting and degrading membrane complexes. The silencing and overexpression of the 90-kDa palladin isoform revealed the functional importance of the interaction with MT1-MMP in pericellular matrix degradation and mesenchymal tumor cell invasion, whereas in MT1-MMP-negative cells, palladin overexpression was insufficient for invasion. Moreover, this invasion was inhibited in a dominant-negative manner by an immunoglobulin domain-containing palladin fragment lacking the dynamic scaffold and Src-binding domains. These results identify a novel protein interaction that links matrix degradation to cytoskeletal dynamics and migration signaling in mesenchymal cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla von Nandelstadh
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rui Li
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nami Sugiyama
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Niedenberger BA, Chappell VK, Kaye EP, Renegar RH, Geyer CB. Nuclear localization of the actin regulatory protein palladin in sertoli cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:403-13. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Niedenberger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University; North Carolina
| | - Vesna K. Chappell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University; North Carolina
| | - Evelyn P. Kaye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University; North Carolina
| | - Randall H. Renegar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University; North Carolina
| | - Christopher B. Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University; North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bodelón G, Palomino C, Fernández LÁ. Immunoglobulin domains inEscherichia coliand other enterobacteria: from pathogenesis to applications in antibody technologies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:204-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
30
|
Suphamungmee W, Nakamura F, Hartwig JH, Lehman W. Electron microscopy and 3D reconstruction reveals filamin Ig domain binding to F-actin. J Mol Biol 2012; 424:248-56. [PMID: 23041423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNa) is an actin-binding protein that cross-links F-actin into networks of orthogonally branched filaments. FLNa also directs the networks to integrins while responding to mechanochemical signaling pathways. Flexible, 160-nm-long FLNa molecules are tail-to-tail dimers, each subunit of which contains an N-terminal calponin homology (CH)/actin-binding domain connected by a series of 24 immunoglobulin (Ig) repeats to a dimerization site at their C-terminal end. Whereas the contribution of the CH domains to F-actin affinity is weak (apparent K(a)~10(5)), the binding of the intact protein to F-actin is strong (apparent K(a)~10(8)), suggesting involvement of additional parts of the molecule in this association. Indeed, previous results indicate that Ig repeats along FLNa contribute significantly to the strength of the actin filament interaction. In the current study, we used electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction to elucidate the structural basis of the Ig repeat-F-actin binding. We find that FLNa density is clearly delineated in reconstructions of F-actin complexed either with a four-Ig-repeat segment of FLNa containing Ig repeat 10 or with immunoglobulin-like filamin A repeat (IgFLNa)10 alone. The mass attributable to IgFLNa10 lies peripherally along the actin helix over the N-terminus of actin subdomain 1. The IgFLNa10 interaction appears to be specific, since no other individual Ig repeat or fragment of the FLNa molecule examined, besides ones with IgFLNa10 or CH domains, decorated F-actin filaments or were detected in reconstructions. We conclude that the combined interactions of CH domains and the IgFLNa10 repeat provide the binding strength of the whole FLNa molecule and propose a model for the association of IgFLNa10 on actin filaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Worawit Suphamungmee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marston SB, Gautel M. Introducing a series of topical special issues of the Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility: MYBPC3 special issue editorial. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2012; 33:1-3. [PMID: 22555918 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-012-9296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Novel mutations in the sarcomeric protein myopalladin in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:294-300. [PMID: 22892539 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, missense mutations in titin-associated proteins have been linked to the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The objective of this study was to search for novel disease-associated mutations in the two human titin-binding proteins myopalladin and its amino-terminal-interacting partner cardiac ankyrin-repeat protein (CARP). In a cohort of 255 cases with familial and sporadic DCM, we analyzed the coding regions and all corresponding intron flanks located in the MYPN and CARP-encoding ANKRD1 gene. Two heterozygous missense mutations were detected in the MYPN gene (p.R955W and p.P961L), but neither of these mutations was found in 300 healthy controls. Both mutations were located in the α-actinin-binding region of myopalladin. Endomyocardial biopsies from the p.R955W carrier showed normal subcellular localization of myopalladin and α-actinin in cardiac myocytes, while their regular sarcomeric staining pattern was significantly disrupted in the p.P961L carrier, indicating that disturbed myofibrillogenesis and altered sarcomere assembly are the cause of the disease. In the ANKRD1 gene, we identified synonymous base exchanges (c.108T>C and c.-79C>T, respectively), but no non-synonymous mutations. In summary, we have identified novel missense mutations in the third immunoglobulin-like domain of myopalladin, which have either no or profound effects on the molecular composition of the sarcomere. According to our epidemiological data, the prevalence of ANKRD1 mutations seems to be lower than that of its binding partner myopalladin, indicating the clinical significance of myopalladin for the functional integrity of the sarcomeric apparatus and the protection against DCM.
Collapse
|
33
|
Purevjav E, Arimura T, Augustin S, Huby AC, Takagi K, Nunoda S, Kearney DL, Taylor MD, Terasaki F, Bos JM, Ommen SR, Shibata H, Takahashi M, Itoh-Satoh M, McKenna WJ, Murphy RT, Labeit S, Yamanaka Y, Machida N, Park JE, Alexander PMA, Weintraub RG, Kitaura Y, Ackerman MJ, Kimura A, Towbin JA. Molecular basis for clinical heterogeneity in inherited cardiomyopathies due to myopalladin mutations. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2039-53. [PMID: 22286171 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in Z-disc proteins cause hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM) and/or restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), but disease-causing mechanisms are not fully understood. Myopalladin (MYPN) is a Z-disc protein expressed in striated muscle and functions as a structural, signaling and gene expression regulating molecule in response to muscle stress. MYPN was genetically screened in 900 patients with HCM, DCM and RCM, and disease-causing mechanisms were investigated using comparative immunohistochemical analysis of the patient myocardium and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes expressing mutant MYPN. Cardiac-restricted transgenic (Tg) mice were generated and protein-protein interactions were evaluated. Two nonsense and 13 missense MYPN variants were identified in subjects with DCM, HCM and RCM with the average cardiomyopathy prevalence of 1.66%. Functional studies were performed on two variants (Q529X and Y20C) associated with variable clinical phenotypes. Humans carrying the Y20C-MYPN variant developed HCM or DCM, whereas Q529X-MYPN was found in familial RCM. Disturbed myofibrillogenesis with disruption of α-actinin2, desmin and cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) was evident in rat cardiomyocytes expressing MYPN(Q529X). Cardiac-restricted MYPN(Y20C) Tg mice developed HCM and disrupted intercalated discs, with disturbed expression of desmin, desmoplakin, connexin43 and vinculin being evident. Failed nuclear translocation and reduced binding of Y20C-MYPN to CARP were demonstrated using in vitro and in vivo systems. MYPN mutations cause various forms of cardiomyopathy via different protein-protein interactions. Q529X-MYPN causes RCM via disturbed myofibrillogenesis, whereas Y20C-MYPN perturbs MYPN nuclear shuttling and leads to abnormal assembly of terminal Z-disc within the cardiac transitional junction and intercalated disc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Beck MR, Otey CA, Campbell SL. Structural characterization of the interactions between palladin and α-actinin. J Mol Biol 2011; 413:712-25. [PMID: 21925511 PMCID: PMC3226707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between α-actinin and palladin, two actin-cross-linking proteins, is essential for proper bidirectional targeting of these proteins. As a first step toward understanding the role of this complex in organizing cytoskeletal actin, we have characterized binding interactions between the EF-hand domain of α-actinin (Act-EF34) and peptides derived from palladin and generated an NMR-derived structural model for the Act-EF34/palladin peptide complex. The critical binding site residues are similar to an α-actinin binding motif previously suggested for the complex between Act-EF34 and titin Z-repeats. The structure-based model of the Act-EF34/palladin peptide complex expands our understanding of binding specificity between the scaffold protein α-actinin and various ligands, which appears to require an α-helical motif containing four hydrophobic residues, common to many α-actinin ligands. We also provide evidence that the Family X mutation in palladin, associated with a highly penetrant form of pancreatic cancer, does not interfere with α-actinin binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moriah R. Beck
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Carol A. Otey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hong F, Haldeman BD, Jackson D, Carter M, Baker JE, Cremo CR. Biochemistry of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011. [PMID: 21565153 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The smooth muscle isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-activated kinase that is found in many tissues. It is particularly important for regulating smooth muscle contraction by phosphorylation of myosin. This review summarizes selected aspects of recent biochemical work on MLCK that pertains to its function in smooth muscle. In general, the focus of the review is on new findings, unresolved issues, and areas with the potential for high physiological significance that need further study. The review includes a concise summary of the structure, substrates, and enzyme activity, followed by a discussion of the factors that may limit the effective activity of MLCK in the muscle. The interactions of each of the many domains of MLCK with the proteins of the contractile apparatus, and the multi-domain interactions of MLCK that may control its behaviors in the cell are summarized. Finally, new in vitro approaches to studying the mechanism of phosphorylation of myosin are introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, 89557, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Biochemistry of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 510:135-46. [PMID: 21565153 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The smooth muscle isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-activated kinase that is found in many tissues. It is particularly important for regulating smooth muscle contraction by phosphorylation of myosin. This review summarizes selected aspects of recent biochemical work on MLCK that pertains to its function in smooth muscle. In general, the focus of the review is on new findings, unresolved issues, and areas with the potential for high physiological significance that need further study. The review includes a concise summary of the structure, substrates, and enzyme activity, followed by a discussion of the factors that may limit the effective activity of MLCK in the muscle. The interactions of each of the many domains of MLCK with the proteins of the contractile apparatus, and the multi-domain interactions of MLCK that may control its behaviors in the cell are summarized. Finally, new in vitro approaches to studying the mechanism of phosphorylation of myosin are introduced.
Collapse
|
37
|
Jin L. The actin associated protein palladin in smooth muscle and in the development of diseases of the cardiovasculature and in cancer. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2011; 32:7-17. [PMID: 21455759 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-011-9246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Palladin is an actin associated protein serving as a cytoskeleton scaffold, and actin cross linker, localizing at stress fibers, focal adhesions, and other actin based structures. Recent studies showed that palladin plays a critical role in smooth muscle differentiation, migration, contraction, and more importantly contributes to embryonic development. This review will focus on the functions and possible mechanisms of palladin in smooth muscle and in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a thick filament protein consisting of 1274 amino acid residues (149 kDa) that was identified by Starr and Offer over 30 years ago as a contaminant present in a preparation of purified myosin. Since then, numerous studies have defined the muscle-specific isoforms, the structure, and the importance of the proteins in normal striated muscle structure and function. Underlying the critical role the protein plays, it is now apparent that mutations in the cardiac isoform (cMyBP-C) are responsible for a substantial proportion (30-40%) of genotyped cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although generally accepted that MyBP-C can interact with all three filament systems within the sarcomere (the thick, thin, and titin filaments), the exact nature of these interactions and the functional consequences of modified binding remain obscure. In addition to these structural considerations, cMyBP-C can serve as a point of convergence for signaling processes in the cardiomyocyte via post-translational modifications mediated by kinases that phosphorylate residues in the cardiac-specific isoform sequence. Thus, cMyBP-C is a critical nodal point that has both important structural and signaling roles and whose modifications are known to cause significant human cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne James
- From the Department of Pediatrics and the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- From the Department of Pediatrics and the Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Molecular evolution of immunoglobulin superfamily genes in primates. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:417-28. [PMID: 21390552 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genes of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) have a wide variety of cellular activities. In this study, we investigated molecular evolution of IgSF genes in primates by comparing orthologous sequences of 249 IgSF genes among human, chimpanzee, orangutan, rhesus macaque, and common marmoset. To evaluate the non-synonymous/synonymous substitution ratio (ω), we applied Bn-Bs program and PAML program. IgSF genes were classified into 11 functional categories based on the Gene Ontology (GO) database. Among them, IgSF genes in three functional categories, immune system process (GO:0002376), defense response (GO:0006952), and multi-organism process (GO:0051704), which are tightly linked to the regulation of immune system had much higher values of ω than genes in the other GO categories. In addition, we estimated the average values of ω for each primate lineage. Although each primate lineage had comparable average values of ω, the human lineage showed the lowest ω value for the immune-related genes. Furthermore, 11 IgSF genes, SIGLEC5, SLAMF6, CD33, CD3E, CEACAM8, CD3G, FCER1A, CD48, CD4, TIM4, and FCGR2A, were implied to have been under positive selective pressure during the course of primate evolution. Further sequence analyses of CD3E and CD3G from 23 primate species suggested that the Ig domains of CD3E and CD3G underwent the positive Darwinian selection.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ono S. Dynamic regulation of sarcomeric actin filaments in striated muscle. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2010; 67:677-92. [PMID: 20737540 PMCID: PMC2963174 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In striated muscle, the actin cytoskeleton is differentiated into myofibrils. Actin and myosin filaments are organized in sarcomeres and specialized for producing contractile forces. Regular arrangement of actin filaments with uniform length and polarity is critical for the contractile function. However, the mechanisms of assembly and maintenance of sarcomeric actin filaments in striated muscle are not completely understood. Live imaging of actin in striated muscle has revealed that actin subunits within sarcomeric actin filaments are dynamically exchanged without altering overall sarcomeric structures. A number of regulators for actin dynamics have been identified, and malfunction of these regulators often result in disorganization of myofibril structures or muscle diseases. Therefore, proper regulation of actin dynamics in striated muscle is critical for assembly and maintenance of functional myofibrils. Recent studies have suggested that both enhancers of actin dynamics and stabilizers of actin filaments are important for sarcomeric actin organization. Further investigation of the regulatory mechanism of actin dynamics in striated muscle should be a key to understanding how myofibrils develop and operate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Structural insight into M-band assembly and mechanics from the titin-obscurin-like-1 complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:2908-13. [PMID: 20133654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913736107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the sarcomeric M-band, the giant ruler proteins titin and obscurin, its small homologue obscurin-like-1 (obsl1), and the myosin cross-linking protein myomesin form a ternary complex that is crucial for the function of the M-band as a mechanical link. Mutations in the last titin immunoglobulin (Ig) domain M10, which interacts with the N-terminal Ig-domains of obscurin and obsl1, lead to hereditary muscle diseases. The M10 domain is unusual not only in that it is a frequent target of disease-linked mutations, but also in that it is the only currently known muscle Ig-domain that interacts with two ligands--obscurin and obsl1--in different sarcomeric subregions. Using x-ray crystallography, we show the structural basis for titin M10 interaction with obsl1 in a novel antiparallel Ig-Ig architecture and unravel the molecular basis of titin-M10 linked myopathies. The severity of these pathologies correlates with the disruption of the titin-obsl1/obscurin complex. Conserved signature residues at the interface account for differences in affinity that direct the cellular sorting in cardiomyocytes. By engineering the interface signature residues of obsl1 to obscurin, and vice versa, their affinity for titin can be modulated similar to the native proteins. In single-molecule force-spectroscopy experiments, both complexes yield at forces of around 30 pN, much lower than those observed for the mechanically stable Z-disk complex of titin and telethonin, suggesting why even moderate weakening of the obsl1/obscurin-titin links has severe consequences for normal muscle functions.
Collapse
|