1
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Zeeshan M, Brady D, Markus R, Vaughan S, Ferguson D, Holder AA, Tewari R. Plasmodium SAS4: basal body component of male cell which is dispensable for parasite transmission. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101329. [PMID: 35550346 PMCID: PMC9098390 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The centriole/basal body (CBB) is an evolutionarily conserved organelle acting as a microtubule organising centre (MTOC) to nucleate cilia, flagella, and the centrosome. SAS4/CPAP is a conserved component associated with BB biogenesis in many model flagellated cells. Plasmodium, a divergent unicellular eukaryote and causative agent of malaria, displays an atypical, closed mitosis with an MTOC (or centriolar plaque), reminiscent of an acentriolar MTOC, embedded in the nuclear membrane. Mitosis during male gamete formation is accompanied by flagella formation. There are two MTOCs in male gametocytes: the acentriolar nuclear envelope MTOC for the mitotic spindle and an outer centriolar MTOC (the basal body) that organises flagella assembly in the cytoplasm. We show the coordinated location, association and assembly of SAS4 with the BB component, kinesin-8B, but no association with the kinetochore protein, NDC80, indicating that SAS4 is part of the BB and outer centriolar MTOC in the cytoplasm. Deletion of the SAS4 gene produced no phenotype, indicating that it is not essential for either male gamete formation or parasite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zeeshan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Declan Brady
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert Markus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sue Vaughan
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - David Ferguson
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony A Holder
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Rita Tewari
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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2
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Takumi K, Kitagawa D. Experimental and Natural Induction of de novo Centriole Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861864. [PMID: 35445021 PMCID: PMC9014216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In cycling cells, new centrioles are assembled in the vicinity of pre-existing centrioles. Although this canonical centriole duplication is a tightly regulated process in animal cells, centrioles can also form in the absence of pre-existing centrioles; this process is termed de novo centriole formation. De novo centriole formation is triggered by the removal of all pre-existing centrioles in the cell in various manners. Moreover, overexpression of polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), a master regulatory kinase for centriole biogenesis, can induce de novo centriole formation in some cell types. Under these conditions, structurally and functionally normal centrioles can be formed de novo. While de novo centriole formation is normally suppressed in cells with intact centrioles, depletion of certain suppressor proteins leads to the ectopic formation of centriole-related protein aggregates in the cytoplasm. It has been shown that de novo centriole formation also occurs naturally in some species. For instance, during the multiciliogenesis of vertebrate epithelial cells, massive de novo centriole amplification occurs to form numerous motile cilia. In this review, we summarize the previous findings on de novo centriole formation, particularly under experimental conditions, and discuss its regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasuga Takumi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiju Kitagawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Gomes Pereira S, Sousa AL, Nabais C, Paixão T, Holmes AJ, Schorb M, Goshima G, Tranfield EM, Becker JD, Bettencourt-Dias M. The 3D architecture and molecular foundations of de novo centriole assembly via bicentrioles. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4340-4353.e7. [PMID: 34433076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are structurally conserved organelles, composing both centrosomes and cilia. In animal cycling cells, centrioles often form through a highly characterized process termed canonical duplication. However, a large diversity of eukaryotes assemble centrioles de novo through uncharacterized pathways. This unexplored diversity is key to understanding centriole assembly mechanisms and how they evolved to assist specific cellular functions. Here, we show that, during spermatogenesis of the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens, centrioles are born as a co-axially oriented centriole pair united by a cartwheel. Interestingly, we observe that these centrioles are twisted in opposite orientations. Microtubules emanate from the bicentrioles, which localize to the spindle poles during cell division. After their separation, the two resulting sister centrioles mature asymmetrically, elongating specific microtubule triplets and a naked cartwheel. Subsequently, two motile cilia are assembled that appear to alternate between different motility patterns. We further show that centriolar components SAS6, Bld10, and POC1, which are conserved across eukaryotes, are expressed during spermatogenesis and required for this de novo biogenesis pathway. Our work supports a scenario where centriole biogenesis, while driven by conserved molecular modules, is more diverse than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Gomes Pereira
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Ana Laura Sousa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Nabais
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago Paixão
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexander J Holmes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Martin Schorb
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima, 429-63, Toba 517-0004, Japan; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Erin M Tranfield
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jörg D Becker
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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4
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Balestra FR, Domínguez-Calvo A, Wolf B, Busso C, Buff A, Averink T, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Huertas P, Ríos RM, Gönczy P. TRIM37 prevents formation of centriolar protein assemblies by regulating Centrobin. eLife 2021; 10:62640. [PMID: 33491649 PMCID: PMC7870141 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM37 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mutated in Mulibrey nanism, a disease with impaired organ growth and increased tumor formation. TRIM37 depletion from tissue culture cells results in supernumerary foci bearing the centriolar protein Centrin. Here, we characterize these centriolar protein assemblies (Cenpas) to uncover the mechanism of action of TRIM37. We find that an atypical de novo assembly pathway can generate Cenpas that act as microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), including in Mulibrey patient cells. Correlative light electron microscopy reveals that Cenpas are centriole-related or electron-dense structures with stripes. TRIM37 regulates the stability and solubility of Centrobin, which accumulates in elongated entities resembling the striped electron dense structures upon TRIM37 depletion. Furthermore, Cenpas formation upon TRIM37 depletion requires PLK4, as well as two parallel pathways relying respectively on Centrobin and PLK1. Overall, our work uncovers how TRIM37 prevents Cenpas formation, which would otherwise threaten genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando R Balestra
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Domínguez-Calvo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Benita Wolf
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Busso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alizée Buff
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tessa Averink
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marita Lipsanen-Nyman
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pablo Huertas
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ríos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Velle KB, Fritz-Laylin LK. Conserved actin machinery drives microtubule-independent motility and phagocytosis in Naegleria. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202007158. [PMID: 32960946 PMCID: PMC7594500 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of our understanding of actin-driven phenotypes in eukaryotes has come from the "yeast-to-human" opisthokont lineage and the related amoebozoa. Outside of these groups lies the genus Naegleria, which shared a common ancestor with humans >1 billion years ago and includes the "brain-eating amoeba." Unlike nearly all other known eukaryotic cells, Naegleria amoebae lack interphase microtubules; this suggests that actin alone drives phenotypes like cell crawling and phagocytosis. Naegleria therefore represents a powerful system to probe actin-driven functions in the absence of microtubules, yet surprisingly little is known about its actin cytoskeleton. Using genomic analysis, microscopy, and molecular perturbations, we show that Naegleria encodes conserved actin nucleators and builds Arp2/3-dependent lamellar protrusions. These protrusions correlate with the capacity to migrate and eat bacteria. Because human cells also use Arp2/3-dependent lamellar protrusions for motility and phagocytosis, this work supports an evolutionarily ancient origin for these processes and establishes Naegleria as a natural model system for studying microtubule-independent cytoskeletal phenotypes.
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6
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Bertiaux E, Bastin P. Dealing with several flagella in the same cell. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13162. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Bertiaux
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur Paris France
- École Doctorale Complexité du Vivant Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Philippe Bastin
- Trypanosome Cell Biology Unit INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur Paris France
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7
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Le Guennec M, Klena N, Gambarotto D, Laporte MH, Tassin AM, van den Hoek H, Erdmann PS, Schaffer M, Kovacik L, Borgers S, Goldie KN, Stahlberg H, Bornens M, Azimzadeh J, Engel BD, Hamel V, Guichard P. A helical inner scaffold provides a structural basis for centriole cohesion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4137. [PMID: 32110738 PMCID: PMC7021493 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ninefold radial arrangement of microtubule triplets (MTTs) is the hallmark of the centriole, a conserved organelle crucial for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Although strong cohesion between MTTs is critical to resist forces applied by ciliary beating and the mitotic spindle, how the centriole maintains its structural integrity is not known. Using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging of centrioles from four evolutionarily distant species, we found that MTTs are bound together by a helical inner scaffold covering ~70% of the centriole length that maintains MTTs cohesion under compressive forces. Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM) indicated that POC5, POC1B, FAM161A, and Centrin-2 localize to the scaffold structure along the inner wall of the centriole MTTs. Moreover, we established that these four proteins interact with each other to form a complex that binds microtubules. Together, our results provide a structural and molecular basis for centriole cohesion and geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Le Guennec
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai Klena
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Gambarotto
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marine H. Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Tassin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugo van den Hoek
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Erdmann
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miroslava Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lubomir Kovacik
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Borgers
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth N. Goldie
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Michel Bornens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS-UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Azimzadeh
- Université de Paris, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin D. Engel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Corresponding author. (B.D.E.); (V.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (B.D.E.); (V.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (B.D.E.); (V.H.); (P.G.)
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8
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Bornens M. Cell polarity: having and making sense of direction-on the evolutionary significance of the primary cilium/centrosome organ in Metazoa. Open Biol 2018; 8:180052. [PMID: 30068565 PMCID: PMC6119866 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-autonomous polarity in Metazoans is evolutionarily conserved. I assume that permanent polarity in unicellular eukaryotes is required for cell motion and sensory reception, integration of these two activities being an evolutionarily constrained function. Metazoans are unique in making cohesive multicellular organisms through complete cell divisions. They evolved a primary cilium/centrosome (PC/C) organ, ensuring similar functions to the basal body/flagellum of unicellular eukaryotes, but in different cells, or in the same cell at different moments. The possibility that this innovation contributed to the evolution of individuality, in being instrumental in the early specification of the germ line during development, is further discussed. Then, using the example of highly regenerative organisms like planarians, which have lost PC/C organ in dividing cells, I discuss the possibility that part of the remodelling necessary to reach a new higher-level unit of selection in multi-cellular organisms has been triggered by conflicts among individual cell polarities to reach an organismic polarity. Finally, I briefly consider organisms with a sensorimotor organ like the brain that requires exceedingly elongated polarized cells for its activity. I conclude that beyond critical consequences for embryo development, the conservation of cell-autonomous polarity in Metazoans had far-reaching implications for the evolution of individuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bornens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS - UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France
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9
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Nabais C, Pereira SG, Bettencourt-Dias M. Noncanonical Biogenesis of Centrioles and Basal Bodies. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 82:123-135. [PMID: 29686032 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2017.82.034694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Centrioles and basal bodies (CBBs) organize centrosomes and cilia within eukaryotic cells. These organelles are composed of microtubules and hundreds of proteins performing multiple functions such as signaling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and cell motility. The CBB is present in all branches of the eukaryotic tree of life and, despite its ultrastructural and protein conservation, there is diversity in its function, occurrence (i.e., presence/absence), and modes of biogenesis across species. In this review, we provide an overview of the multiple pathways through which CBBs are formed in nature, with a special focus on the less studied, noncanonical ways. Despite the differences among each mechanism herein presented, we highlighted some of their common principles. These principles, governing different steps of biogenesis, ensure that CBBs may perform a multitude of functions in a huge diversity of organisms but yet retained their robustness in structure throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Nabais
- Cell Cycle Regulation Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gomes Pereira
- Cell Cycle Regulation Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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10
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Loncarek J, Bettencourt-Dias M. Building the right centriole for each cell type. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:823-835. [PMID: 29284667 PMCID: PMC5839779 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loncarek and Bettencourt-Dias review molecular mechanisms of centriole biogenesis amongst different organisms and cell types. The centriole is a multifunctional structure that organizes centrosomes and cilia and is important for cell signaling, cell cycle progression, polarity, and motility. Defects in centriole number and structure are associated with human diseases including cancer and ciliopathies. Discovery of the centriole dates back to the 19th century. However, recent advances in genetic and biochemical tools, development of high-resolution microscopy, and identification of centriole components have accelerated our understanding of its assembly, function, evolution, and its role in human disease. The centriole is an evolutionarily conserved structure built from highly conserved proteins and is present in all branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, centriole number, size, and organization varies among different organisms and even cell types within a single organism, reflecting its cell type–specialized functions. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of centriole biogenesis and how variations around the same theme generate alternatives for centriole formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Loncarek
- Cell Cycle Regulation Lab, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mónica Bettencourt-Dias
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health/Center for Cancer Research/National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD
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11
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Harmer J, Qi X, Toniolo G, Patel A, Shaw H, Benson FE, Ginger ML, McKean PG. Variation in Basal Body Localisation and Targeting of Trypanosome RP2 and FOR20 Proteins. Protist 2017; 168:452-466. [PMID: 28822909 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TOF-LisH-PLL motifs define FOP family proteins; some members are involved in flagellum assembly. The critical role of FOP family protein FOR20 is poorly understood. Here, we report relative localisations of the four FOP family proteins in parasitic Trypanosoma brucei: TbRP2, TbOFD1 and TbFOP/FOP1-like are mature basal body proteins whereas TbFOR20 is present on pro- and mature basal bodies - on the latter it localises distal to TbRP2. We discuss how the data, together with published work for another protist Giardia intestinalis, informs on likely FOR20 function. Moreover, our localisation study provides convincing evidence that the antigen recognised by monoclonal antibody YL1/2 at trypanosome mature basal bodies is FOP family protein TbRP2, not tyrosinated α-tubulin as widely stated in the literature. Curiously, FOR20 proteins from T. brucei and closely related African trypanosomes possess short, negatively-charged N-terminal extensions absent from FOR20 in other trypanosomatids and other eukaryotes. The extension is necessary for protein targeting, but insufficient to re-direct TbRP2 to probasal bodies. Yet, FOR20 from the American trypanosome T. cruzi, which lacks any extension, localises to pro- and mature basal bodies when expressed in T. brucei. This identifies unexpected variation in FOR20 architecture that is presently unique to one clade of trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Harmer
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Xin Qi
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Gabriella Toniolo
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Aysha Patel
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hannah Shaw
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Fiona E Benson
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Michael L Ginger
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Paul G McKean
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
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12
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Russell JJ, Theriot JA, Sood P, Marshall WF, Landweber LF, Fritz-Laylin L, Polka JK, Oliferenko S, Gerbich T, Gladfelter A, Umen J, Bezanilla M, Lancaster MA, He S, Gibson MC, Goldstein B, Tanaka EM, Hu CK, Brunet A. Non-model model organisms. BMC Biol 2017; 15:55. [PMID: 28662661 PMCID: PMC5492503 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Model organisms are widely used in research as accessible and convenient systems to study a particular area or question in biology. Traditionally only a handful of organisms have been widely studied, but modern research tools are enabling researchers to extend the set of model organisms to include less-studied and more unusual systems. This Forum highlights a range of 'non-model model organisms' as emerging systems for tackling questions across the whole spectrum of biology (and beyond), the opportunities and challenges, and the outlook for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Russell
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Microbiology & Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Pranidhi Sood
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wallace F Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Laura F Landweber
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics and Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Jessica K Polka
- Visiting Scholar, Whitehead Institute, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Snezhana Oliferenko
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Therese Gerbich
- 516 Fordham Hall, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Amy Gladfelter
- 516 Fordham Hall, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - James Umen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Rd, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Madeline A Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, CB2 0QH, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shuonan He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Matthew C Gibson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Bob Goldstein
- Biology Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi-Kuo Hu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging at Stanford, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Busch A, Hess S. The Cytoskeleton Architecture of Algivorous Protoplast Feeders (Viridiraptoridae, Rhizaria) Indicates Actin-Guided Perforation of Prey Cell Walls. Protist 2017; 168:12-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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