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Kim M, You E, Kim J, Hong S. Site-Selective Pyridylic C-H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204217. [PMID: 35481719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient pyridylic C(sp3 )-H functionalization has been developed through photocatalytic radical-mediated fluoroalkylation or cascade reactions. This method is enabled by the reversible formation of alkylidene dihydropyridine intermediates via the facile enolate formation of C4-alkyl N-amidopyridinium salts in the absence of an external base, thereby establishing the conditions necessary for subsequent intermolecular radical trapping. Rapid structural diversification of the pyridylic site can be achieved through photocatalytic multicomponent cascade reactions involving alkene trifluoromethylation, SO2 -reincorporation, and sulfonyl radical addition. This operationally simple method features a broad substrate scope and high chemoselectivity and offers a unique approach for the rational modification of the heterobenzylic C-H bonds of pyridines and quinolines with uniform site-selective control. Furthermore, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna You
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Kim M, You E, Kim J, Hong S. Site‐Selective Pyridylic C–H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Euna You
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jieun Kim
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST Department of Chemistry Yusung Gu (KAIST) 34141 Daejeon KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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Liu S, Niu LZ, Shi YH, Wan FX, Jiang L. Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel 1-(Adamantan-1-yl) ethanone Oxime Esters. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190329225307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Oxime compounds, including oxime ethers and oxime esters, possess
various biological activities. Many oxime ethers have been widely used in the fields of pesticides and
medicines. However, oxime ethers are rarely used in the field of pesticides.
Methods:
We chose the excellent fungicide pyrifenox as the lead compound, integrated pyridinyl,
adamantyl and benzoyl moieties into one molecule, while also designed and synthesized ten 1-
(adamantan-1-yl)ethanone oxime esters containing pyridinyl moiety. Moreover, we also evaluated
their preliminary antifungal activities against S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea.
Results:
The target compounds were characterized by NMR, IR and HRMS. The preliminary bioactivity
test showed that they exhibited some antifungal activity to S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, and
EC50 values were in the range of 14.16-32.97 and 27.60-52.82 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion:
Some target compounds such as 3d, 3e, 3h and 3i, exhibited moderate activities against
S. sclerotiorum, with EC50 values of 14.16-18.18 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Li-Zhi Niu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yan-Hua Shi
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fu-Xian Wan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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Leiva R, Seira C, McBride A, Binnie M, Luque FJ, Bidon-Chanal A, Webster SP, Vázquez S. Novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitors: C-1 versus C-2 substitution and effect of the introduction of an oxygen atom in the adamantane scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4250-3. [PMID: 26306982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The adamantane scaffold is found in several marketed drugs and in many investigational 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Interestingly, all the clinically approved adamantane derivatives are C-1 substituted. We demonstrate that, in a series of paired adamantane isomers, substitution of the adamantane in C-2 is preferred over the substitution at C-1 and is necessary for potency at human 11β-HSD1. Furthermore, the introduction of an oxygen atom in the hydrocarbon scaffold of adamantane is deleterious to 11β-HSD1 inhibition. Molecular modeling studies provide a basis to rationalize these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, s/n, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Constantí Seira
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba, 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Andrew McBride
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Binnie
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - F Javier Luque
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba, 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Axel Bidon-Chanal
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba, 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Scott P Webster
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, s/n, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
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5
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A network pharmacology approach to determine active compounds and action mechanisms of ge-gen-qin-lian decoction for treatment of type 2 diabetes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:495840. [PMID: 24527048 PMCID: PMC3914348 DOI: 10.1155/2014/495840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbal formulae can be valuable therapeutic strategies and drug discovery resources. However, the active ingredients and action mechanisms of most TCM formulae remain unclear. Therefore, the identification of potent ingredients and their actions is a major challenge in TCM research. In this study, we used a network pharmacology approach we previously developed to help determine the potential antidiabetic ingredients from the traditional Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian decoction (GGQLD) formula. We predicted the target profiles of all available GGQLD ingredients to infer the active ingredients by clustering the target profile of ingredients with FDA-approved antidiabetic drugs. We also applied network target analysis to evaluate the links between herbal ingredients and pharmacological actions to help explain the action mechanisms of GGQLD. According to the predicted results, we confirmed that a novel antidiabetic ingredient from Puerariae Lobatae radix (Ge-Gen), 4-Hydroxymephenytoin, increased the insulin secretion in RIN-5F cells and improved insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The network pharmacology strategy used here provided a powerful means for identifying bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of action for TCM herbal formulae, including Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian decoction.
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Lee Y, Shin YJ, Ahn SK. 3-Amino-N-adamantyl-3-methylbutanamide derivatives as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1421-5. [PMID: 24507919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many adamantane derivatives have been demonstrated to function as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors. 3-Amino-N-adamantyl-3-methylbutanamide derivatives were optimized by structure-based drug design. Compound 8j exhibited a good in vitro and ex vivo inhibitory activity against both human and mouse 11β-HSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 162-1 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong June Shin
- R&D Center, Ahn Gook Pharm., Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-766, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Kil Ahn
- Institute for New Drug Development, Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea.
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Scott JS, Goldberg FW, Turnbull AV. Medicinal Chemistry of Inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1). J Med Chem 2013; 57:4466-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4014746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Scott
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Frederick W. Goldberg
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew V. Turnbull
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
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Tarantino G, Finelli C. Pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis: The link between hypercortisolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6735-6743. [PMID: 24187449 PMCID: PMC3812473 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the available literature, non alcoholic fatty liver disease or generally speaking, hepatic steatosis, is more frequent among people with diabetes and obesity, and is almost universally present amongst morbidly obese diabetic patients. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is being increasingly recognized as a common liver condition in the developed world, with non alcoholic steatohepatitis projected to be the leading cause of liver transplantation. Previous data report that only 20% of patients with Cushing’s syndrome have hepatic steatosis. Aiming at clarifying the reasons whereby patients suffering from Cushing’s syndrome - a condition characterized by profound metabolic changes - present low prevalence of hepatic steatosis, the Authors reviewed the current concepts on the link between hypercortisolism and obesity/metabolic syndrome. They hypothesize that this low prevalence of fat accumulation in the liver of patients with Cushing’s syndrome could result from the inhibition of the so-called low-grade chronic-inflammation, mainly mediated by Interleukin 6, due to an excess of cortisol, a hormone characterized by an anti-inflammatory effect. The Cushing’s syndrome, speculatively considered as an in vivo model of the hepatic steatosis, could also help clarify the mechanisms of non alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Adamantyl carboxamides and acetamides as potent human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6394-402. [PMID: 23040895 PMCID: PMC3510433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of 11β-HSD1 activity with selective inhibitors has beneficial effects on various metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity. Here we report the discovery of a series of novel adamantyl carboxamide and acetamide derivatives as selective inhibitors of human 11β-HSD1 in HEK-293 cells transfected with the HSD11B1 gene. Optimization based on an initially identified 11β-HSD1 inhibitor (3) led to the discovery of potent inhibitors with IC(50) values in the 100 nM range. These compounds are also highly selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors with no activity against 11β-HSD2 and 17β-HSD1. Compound 15 (IC(50)=114 nM) with weak inhibitory activity against the key human cytochrome P450 enzymes and moderate stability in incubation with human liver microsomes is worthy of further development. Importantly, compound 41 (IC(50)=280 nM) provides a new lead that incorporates an adamantyl group surrogate and should enable further series diversification.
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Pradaux-Caggiano F, Su X, Vicker N, Thomas MP, Smithen D, Halem HA, Culler MD, Potter BVL. Synthesis and evaluation of thiadiazole derivatives as inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20091k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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