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Giraldi V, Giunchino F, Casacchia ME, Cantelli A, Lucarini M, Giacomini D. N-Sulfenylation of β-Lactams: Radical Reaction of N-Bromo-azetidinones by TEMPO Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14728-14735. [PMID: 37769169 PMCID: PMC10594653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Azetidinones with a sulfenyl group on the β-lactam nitrogen atom show interesting biological activities as antimicrobial agents and enzyme inhibitors. We report in the present study a versatile synthesis of N-sulfenylated azetidinones starting from the corresponding N-bromo derivatives by means of the (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) radical as the catalyst and disulfides. Preparation of N-halo-azetidinones was studied and optimized. The reactivity of N-bromo-azetidinone 2a as a model compound in the presence of TEMPO radical was investigated by NMR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy studies. Optimization of the reaction conditions allowed the access of N-alkylthio- or N-arylthio-azetidinones from 55 to 92% yields, and the method exhibited a good substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giraldi
- Department
of Chemistry a “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 87, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Francesco Giunchino
- Department
of Chemistry a “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 87, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Maria Edith Casacchia
- Department
of Chemistry a “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 87, Bologna 40129, Italy
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, L’Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Andrea Cantelli
- Department
of Chemistry a “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 87, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Department
of Chemistry a “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 87, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department
of Chemistry a “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 87, Bologna 40129, Italy
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2
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Martelli G, Cirillo M, Giraldi V, Giacomini D. Chemoenzymatic enantioselective route to get (+) and (-) 4-acetoxy-azetidin-2-one by Lipase-catalysed kinetic resolution and their applications. Bioorg Chem 2021; 120:105580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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N-Thio-β-lactams targeting L,D-transpeptidase-2, with activity against drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1321-1332.e5. [PMID: 33826941 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of tuberculosis is frequently hindered by the emerging antimicrobial resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The present study evaluates monocyclic β-lactam compounds targeting the mycobacterial cell wall remodeling. Novel N-thio-β-lactams were designed, synthesized, and characterized on the L,D-transpeptidase-2, a validated target in M. tuberculosis. The candidates were evaluated in biochemical assays identifying five compounds presenting target-specific kinetic constants equal or superior to meropenem, a carbapenem currently considered for tuberculosis therapy. Mass spectrometry in line with the crystal structures of five target-ligand complexes revealed that the N-thio-β-lactams act via an unconventional mode of adduct formation, transferring the thio-residues from the lactam ring to the active-site cysteine of LdtMt2. The resulting stable adducts lead to a long-term inactivation of the target protein. Finally, the candidates were evaluated in vitro against a drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, confirming the antimycobacterial effect of these novel compounds.
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Martelli G, Giacomini D. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities for natural and synthetic dual-active compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:91-105. [PMID: 30205261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is widely recognized as a grave threat to global health in the 21st century, since the past decades have seen a dramatic increase in human-pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or multiple antibiotics. New antimicrobial agents are urgently required, particularly in the treatment of chronic infections such as cystic fibrosis, often associated with persistent colonization by drug-resistant pathogens and epithelial damage by pulmonary oxidative stress. In such events, it would be favourable to find agents that could have antioxidant and antibacterial activities combined in one molecule. The discovery of compounds that can show a dual-target activity considerably increased in the last years, reflecting the growing confidence that this new approach could lead to better therapeutic solutions for complex multigenic diseases. The aim of this review is to report those natural and synthetic compounds displaying significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In recent years there has been a growing attention on plant-derived antimicrobials as an alternative to antibiotics, for their efficacy and low tendency in developing bacterial resistance. Moreover, it was found that some natural products could enhance the activity of common antibiotics displaying a synergistic effect. We then report some selected synthetic compounds with an in-built capacity to act on two targets or with the combination in a single structure of two pharmacophores with antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Recent literature instances were screened and the most promising examples of dual-active antibacterial-antioxidant molecules were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Martelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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5
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Giacomini D, Musumeci R, Galletti P, Martelli G, Assennato L, Sacchetti G, Guerrini A, Calaresu E, Martinelli M, Cocuzza C. 4-Alkyliden-azetidinones modified with plant derived polyphenols: Antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:604-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Giacomini D, Martelli G, Piccichè M, Calaresu E, Cocuzza CE, Musumeci R. Design and Synthesis of 4-Alkylidene-β-lactams: Benzyl- and Phenethyl-carbamates as Key Fragments to Switch on Antibacterial Activity. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1525-1533. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giulia Martelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Miriam Piccichè
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Enrico Calaresu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Milano-Bicocca; Via Cadore 48 20900 Monza Italy
| | | | - Rosario Musumeci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Milano-Bicocca; Via Cadore 48 20900 Monza Italy
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7
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Decuyper L, Jukič M, Sosič I, Žula A, D'hooghe M, Gobec S. Antibacterial and β-Lactamase Inhibitory Activity of Monocyclic β-Lactams. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:426-503. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Decuyper
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Marko Jukič
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Aleš Žula
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
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Monocyclic β-lactams loaded on hydroxyapatite: new biomaterials with enhanced antibacterial activity against resistant strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2712. [PMID: 28578416 PMCID: PMC5457414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biomaterials able to act against a wide range of bacteria, including antibiotic resistant bacteria, is of great importance since bacterial colonization is one of the main causes of implant failure. In this work, we explored the possibility to functionalize hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals with some monocyclic N-thio-substituted β-lactams. To this aim, a series of non-polar azetidinones have been synthesized and characterized. The amount of azetidinones loaded on HA could be properly controlled on changing the polarity of the loading solution and it can reach values up to 17 wt%. Data on cumulative release in aqueous solution show different trends which can be related to the lipophilicity of the molecules and can be modulated by suitable groups on the azetidinone. The examined β-lactams-HA composites display good antibacterial activity against reference Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, the results of citotoxicity and antibacterial tests indicate that HA loaded with 4-acetoxy-1-(methylthio)-azetidin-2-one displays the best performance. In fact, this material strongly inhibited the bacterial growth of both methicillin resistant and methicillin susceptible clinical isolates of S. aureus from surgical bone biopsies, showing to be a very good candidate as a new functional biomaterial with enhanced antibacterial activity.
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Soldati R, Cervellati R, Martelli G, Greco E, Demma A, Giacomini D. Unprotected Polyphenols in Substitution Reactions with 4-Acetoxy-azetidinones. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Soldati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi, 2 40126 Bologna - Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cervellati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi, 2 40126 Bologna - Italy
| | - Giulia Martelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi, 2 40126 Bologna - Italy
| | - Emanuela Greco
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi, 2 40126 Bologna - Italy
| | - Anna Demma
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi, 2 40126 Bologna - Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi, 2 40126 Bologna - Italy
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Decuyper L, Piens N, Mincke J, Bomon J, De Schrijver B, Mollet K, De Winter K, Desmet T, D'hooghe M. A nitrilase-mediated entry to 4-carboxymethyl-β-lactams from chemically prepared 4-(cyanomethyl)azetidin-2-ones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
4-(Cyanomethyl)azetidin-2-ones were efficiently prepared from 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-mannitol, followed by a nitrilase-catalyzed hydrolysis to 4-carboxymethyl β-lactams without affecting the sensitive four-membered ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Decuyper
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Nicola Piens
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Jens Mincke
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Jeroen Bomon
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Bert De Schrijver
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Karen Mollet
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
| | - Karel De Winter
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
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11
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Soldati R, Aliprandi A, Mauro M, De Cola L, Giacomini D. β-Lactam Bioconjugates Bearing Luminescent Platinum(II) Tags: Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Pori M, Galletti P, Soldati R, Calzà L, Mangano C, Giacomini D. Azetidinone–retinoid hybrids: Synthesis and differentiative effects. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:857-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Braschi I, Blasioli S, Fellet C, Lorenzini R, Garelli A, Pori M, Giacomini D. Persistence and degradation of new β-lactam antibiotics in the soil and water environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:152-9. [PMID: 23777677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of new antibiotics with low environmental persistence is of utmost importance in contrasting phenomena of antibiotic resistance. In this study, the persistence of two newly synthesized monocyclic β-lactam antibiotics: (2R)-1-(methylthio)-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl acetate, P1, and (2R,3R)-3-((1R)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl)-1-(methylthio)-4-oxoazetidin-2-yl acetate, P2, has been investigated in water in the pH range 3-9 and in two (calcareous and forest) soils, then compared to amoxicillin, a β-lactam antibiotic used in human and veterinary medicine. P1 and P2 persistence in water was lower than that of amoxicillin with only a few exceptions. P1 hydrolysis was catalyzed at an acidic pH whereas P2 hydrolysis takes place at both acidic and alkaline pH values. P1 persistence in soils depended mainly on their water potential (t1/2: 35.0-70.7d at wilting point; <1d at field capacity) whereas for P2 it was shorter and unaffected by soil water content (t1/2 0.13-2.5d). Several degradation products were detected in soils at both water potentials, deriving partly from hydrolytic pathways and partly from microbial transformation. The higher LogKow value for P2 compared with P1 seemingly confers P2 with high permeability to microbial membranes regardless of soil water content. P1 and P2 persistence in soils at wilting point was shorter than that of amoxicillin, whereas it had the same extent at field capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Braschi
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Unoh Y, Hirano K, Satoh T, Miura M. Synthesis of highly substituted isocoumarins by rhodium-catalyzed annulation of readily available benzoic acids. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Monocyclic β-lactams as antibacterial agents: Facing antioxidant activity of N-methylthio-azetidinones. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 60:340-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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