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Dwivedi GR, Pathak N, Tiwari N, Negi AS, Kumar A, Pal A, Sharma A, Darokar MP. Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Gallic Acid Based Chalcone Indl 2 by Inhibiting Efflux Pump Transporters. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301820. [PMID: 38372508 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
As a part of novel discovery of drugs from natural resources, present study was undertaken to explore the antibacterial potential of chalcone Indl-2 in combination with different group of antibiotics. MIC of antibiotics was reduced up to eight folds against the different cultures of E. coli by both chalcones. Among the two compounds, the i. e. 1-(3', 4,'5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-Indyl)-prop-2-enone (6, Indl-2), a chalcone derivative of gallic acid (Indl-2) was better along with tetracycline (TET) worked synergistically and was found to inhibit efflux transporters as obvious by ethidium bromide efflux confirmed by ATPase assays and docking studies. In combination, Indl-2 kills the MDREC-KG4 cells, post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of TET was prolonged and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of TET was also decreased. In-vivo studies revealed that Indl-2 reduces the concentration of TNF-α. In acute oral toxicity study, Indl-2 was non-toxic and well tolerated up-to dose of 2000 mg/kg. Perhaps, the study is going to report gallic acid derived chalcone as synergistic agent acting via inhibiting the primary efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Raj Dwivedi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, 273013, U.P., India
| | - Nandini Pathak
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. - 201002, India
| | - Nimisha Tiwari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Arvind Singh Negi
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. - 201002, India
| | - Akhil Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. - 201002, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. - 201002, India
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. - 201002, India
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Sharma A, Sharma T, Bhaskar R, Ola M, Sharma A, Sharma PC. Promising Potential of Curcumin and Related Compounds for Antiviral Drug Discovery. Med Chem 2024; 20:597-612. [PMID: 38571348 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064277371240325105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Viruses are acellular, microscopic, and mobile particles containing genetic particles, either DNA/RNA strands as nucleoproteins, responsible for 69,53,743 deaths till the year 2023. Curcumin and related compounds are among the areas of pivotal interest for researchers because of their versatile pharmacological profile. Chemically known as diferuloylmethane, which is a main constituent of turmeric along with demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, they have a broad spectrum of antiviral activity against viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus (Avian influenza) and Hepatitis C virus HIV. The possible role of curcumin as an antiviral agent may be attributed to the activation of the 20S proteasome, a cellular machinery responsible for degrading unfolded or misfolded proteins in a ubiquitin-independent manner. It shows suppression of HBV entry at various infection stages by inhibiting cccDNA replication by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to attenuate IAV-induced myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Twinkle Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rajveer Bhaskar
- Department of Quality Assurance, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, India
| | - Monika Ola
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Prabodh Chander Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
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Cheema HS, Maurya A, Kumar S, Pandey VK, Singh RM. Antibiotic Potentiation Through Phytochemical-Based Efflux Pump Inhibitors to Combat Multidrug Resistance Bacteria. Med Chem 2024; 20:557-575. [PMID: 37907487 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064263586231022135644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance development poses a significant danger to the efficacy of antibiotics, which were once believed to be the most efficient method for treating infections caused by bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance typically involves various mechanisms, such as drug inactivation or modification, drug target modification, drug uptake restriction, and drug efflux, resulting in decreased antibiotic concentrations within the cell. Antimicrobial resistance has been associated with efflux Pumps, known for their capacity to expel different antibiotics from the cell non-specifically. This makes EPs fascinating targets for creating drugs to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The varied structures of secondary metabolites (phytomolecules) found in plants have positioned them as a promising reservoir of efflux pump inhibitors. These inhibitors act as modifiers of bacterial resistance and facilitate the reintroduction of antibiotics that have lost clinical effectiveness. Additionally, they may play a role in preventing the emergence of multidrug resistant strains. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review article is to discuss the latest studies on plant-based efflux pump inhibitors such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and tetralones. It highlighted their potential in enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics and combating the development of multidrug resistance. RESULTS Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) derived from botanical sources, including compounds like lysergol, chanaoclavine, niazrin, 4-hydroxy-α-tetralone, ursolic acid, phytol, etc., as well as their partially synthesized forms, have shown significant potential as practical therapeutic approaches in addressing antimicrobial resistance caused by efflux pumps. Further, several phyto-molecules and their analogs demonstrated superior potential for reversing drug resistance, surpassing established agents like reserpine, niaziridin, etc. Conclusion: This review found that while the phyto-molecules and their derivatives did not possess notable antimicrobial activity, their combination with established antibiotics significantly reduced their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Specific molecules, such as chanaoclavine and niaziridin, exhibited noteworthy potential in reversing the effectiveness of drugs, resulting in a reduction of the MIC of tetracycline by up to 16 times against the tested strain of bacteria. These molecules inhibited the efflux pumps responsible for drug resistance and displayed a stronger affinity for membrane proteins. By employing powerful EPIs, these molecules can selectively target and obstruct drug efflux pumps. This targeted approach can significantly augment the strength and efficacy of older antibiotics against various drug resistant bacteria, given that active drug efflux poses a susceptibility for nearly all antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anupam Maurya
- Chemistry Section, Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine, and Homoeopathy (PCIM&H), Ministry of Ayush, Ghaziabad, 201002, (U.P.), India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, Meerut College, Meerut, 250003 (U.P.), India
| | - Vineet Kumar Pandey
- Chemistry Section, Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine, and Homoeopathy (PCIM&H), Ministry of Ayush, Ghaziabad, 201002, (U.P.), India
| | - Raman Mohan Singh
- Chemistry Section, Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine, and Homoeopathy (PCIM&H), Ministry of Ayush, Ghaziabad, 201002, (U.P.), India
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Sharma A, Anurag, Kaur J, Kesharwani A, Parihar VK. Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: An Update on Alternative for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. Med Chem 2024; 20:576-596. [PMID: 38584534 DOI: 10.2174/0115734064277579240328142639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The last decade has encountered an increasing demand for plant-based natural antibiotics. This demand has led to more research-based investigations for natural sources of antimicrobial agents and published reports demonstrating that plant extracts are widely applied in modern medicine, reporting potential activity that may be due to polyphenol compounds. Interestingly, the effects of polyphenols on the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics have not been well-studied. Hence, the current review encompasses the prospective application of plant-based phenolic extracts from plants of Indian origin. The emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents has increased the inefficacy of many antimicrobial drugs. Several strategies have been developed in recent times to overcome this issue. A combination of antimicrobial agents is employed for the failing antibiotics, which restores the desirable effect but may have toxicity-related issues. Phytochemicals such as some polyphenols have demonstrated their potent activity as antimicrobial agents of natural origin to work against resistance issues. These agents alone or in combination with certain antibiotics have been shown to enhance the antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of microbes. However, the information regarding the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships remains elusive. The present review also focuses on the possible mechanisms of natural compounds based on their structure- activity relationships for incorporating polyphenolic compounds in the drug-development processes. Besides this work, polyphenols could reduce drug dosage and may diminish the unhidden or hidden side effects of antibiotics. Pre-clinical findings have provided strong evidence that polyphenolic compounds, individually and in combination with already approved antibiotics, work well against the development of resistance. However, more studies must focus on in vivo results, and clinical research needs to specify the importance of polyphenol-based antibacterials in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut (UP), 250005, India
| | - Anurag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, MIET, Meerut (UP), 250005, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, 226002, UP, India
| | - Anuradha Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hajipur, 844102, Hajipur, India
| | - Vipan Kumar Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hajipur, 844102, Hajipur, India
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Dias KJSDO, Miranda GM, Bessa JR, Araújo ACJD, Freitas PR, Almeida RSD, Paulo CLR, Neto JBDA, Coutinho HDM, Ribeiro-Filho J. Terpenes as bacterial efflux pump inhibitors: A systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:953982. [PMID: 36313340 PMCID: PMC9606600 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.953982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge in modern pharmacotherapy. While molecular analyses have identified efflux pump expression as an essential mechanism underlying multidrug resistance, the targeted drug development has occurred slower. Thus, considering the verification that terpenes can enhance the activity of antibiotics against resistant bacteria, the present study gathered evidence pointing to these natural compounds as bacterial efflux pump inhibitors. A systematic search for manuscripts published between January 2007 and January 2022 was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the following search terms: “Terpene”; AND “Efflux pump”; and “Bacteria.” From a total of 101 articles found in the initial search, 41 were included in this review. Seventy-five different terpenes, 63 bacterial strains, and 22 different efflux pumps were reported, with carvacrol, Staphylococcus aureus SA-1199B, and NorA appearing most frequently mentioned terpene, bacterial strain, and efflux pump (EP), respectively. The Chi-Squared analysis indicated that terpenes are significantly effective EP inhibitors in Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, with the inhibitory frequency significantly higher in Gram-positive strains. The results of the present review suggest that terpenes are significant efflux pump inhibitors and, as such, can be used in drug development targeting the combat of antibacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Marinho Miranda
- Laboratory of Genetics and Translational Hematology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Reis Bessa
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Justino De Araújo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Ramos Freitas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ray Silva De Almeida
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cícera Laura Roque Paulo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Bezerra De Araújo Neto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Henrique D. M. Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Laboratory of Genetics and Translational Hematology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Fiocruz Ceará, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Eusébio, Ceará, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jaime Ribeiro-Filho,
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Upadhyay HC. Coumarin-1,2,3-triazole Hybrid Molecules: An Emerging Scaffold for Combating Drug Resistance. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:737-752. [PMID: 33655863 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210303145759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, antibiotics have saved billions of lives, but lack of novel antibiotics, development of resistance mechanisms in almost all clinical isolates of bacteria, and recurrent infections caused by persistent bacteria hamper the successful treatment of the infections. Due to the widespread emergence of resistance, even the new families of anti-microbial agents have a short life expectancy. Drugs acting on a single target often lead to drug resistance and are associated with various side effects. For overcoming this problem, either multidrug therapy, or a single drug acting on multiple targets may be used. The latter is called 'hybrid molecules,' which are formed by clubbing two biologically active pharmacophores together, with or without an appropriate linker. In this rapidly evolving era, the development of natural product-based hybrid molecules may be a super-alternative to multidrug therapy, for combating drug resistance caused by various bacterial and fungal strains. Coumarins (benzopyran-2-one) are one of the earliest reported plant secondary metabolites having a clinically proven diverse range of pharmacological properties. On the other hand, 1,2,3-triazole is a common pharmacophore in many drugs responsible for polar interactions, improving the solubility and binding affinity to biomolecular targets. In this review, we discuss recent advances in Coumarin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as potential anti-bacterial agents, aiming to provide a useful platform for the exploration of new leads with a broader spectrum, more effectiveness and less toxicity with multiple modes of action for the development of cost-effective and safer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish C Upadhyay
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Applied Sciences, Rajkiya Engineering College (Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow), Churk, Sonbhadra-231206, India
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Upadhyay HC, Mishra A, Pandey J, Sharma P, Tamrakar AK, Srivastava AK, Khan F, Srivastava SK. In vitro, in vivo and in silico Antihyperglycemic Activity of Some Semi-synthetic Phytol Derivatives. Med Chem 2020; 18:115-121. [PMID: 33327922 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666201216124018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the prevalence of type-2 diabetes across the globe, there is unmet need to explore new molecular targets for the development of cost-effective and safer antihyperglycemic agents. OBJECTIVE Structural modification of phytol and evaluation of in vitro, in vivo and in silico antihyperglycemic activity of derivatives establishing the preliminary structure activity relationship (SAR). METHODS The semi-synthetic derivatives of phytol were prepared following previously described methods. The antihyperglycemic potential was measured in vitro in terms of increase in 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake by L-6 rat skeletal muscle cells as well as in vivo in sucrose-loaded (SLM) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat models. The blood glucose profile was measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 1440 min post administration of sucrose in rats. The in silico docking was performed on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as anti-diabetic target along with absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) studies. RESULTS Nine semi-synthetic ester derivatives: acetyl (1), lauroyl (2), palmitoyl (3), pivaloyl (4), trans-crotonyl (5), benzoyl (6), m-anisoyl (7), 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzoyl (8) cinnamoyl (9) along with bromo derivative (10) of phytol were prepared. The derivatives 9, 8 and 2 caused 4.5, 3.2 and 2.7 times more in vitro uptake of 2-DG respectively than rosiglitazone (ROSI). The derivatives showed significant improvement on oral glucose tolerance both in SLM (29.6-21%) as well as STZ-induced diabetic (30.8-19.0%) rats. The in silico ADMET, docking studies showed non-toxicity and high binding affinity with PPARγ. CONCLUSION The potent antihyperglycemic activity with favorable pharmacokinetics supports phytol derivatives as suitable antidiabetic lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish C Upadhyay
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Metabolic and Structural Biology Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Lucknow-226015. India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031. India
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031. India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Metabolic and Structural Biology Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Lucknow-226015. India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031. India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031. India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Metabolic and Structural Biology Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Lucknow-226015. India
| | - Santosh K Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Metabolic and Structural Biology Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Lucknow-226015. India
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Dwivedi GR, Maurya A, Yadav DK, Khan F, Gupta MK, Gupta P, Darokar MP, Srivastava SK. Comparative Drug Resistance Reversal Potential of Natural Glycosides: Potential of Synergy Niaziridin & Niazirin. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:847-860. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190412120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Due to the limited availability of antibiotics, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) acquire
different levels of drug resistance. It raised an urgent need to identify such agents, which can reverse the phenomenon
of drug resistance.
Objective:
To understand the mechanism of drug resistance reversal of glycosides; niaziridin and niazirin isolated
from the pods of Moringa oleifera and ouabain (control) against the clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant
Escherichia coli.
Methods:
The MICs were determined following the CLSI guidelines for broth micro-dilution. In-vitro combination
studies were performed by broth checkerboard method followed by Time-Kill studies, the efflux pump
inhibition assay, ATPase inhibitory activity, mutation prevention concentration and in-silico studies.
Results:
The results showed that both glycosides did not possess antibacterial activity of their own, but in combination,
they reduced the MIC of tetracycline up to 16 folds. Both were found to inhibit efflux pumps, but
niaziridin was the best. In real time expression pattern analysis, niaziridin was also found responsible for the
down expression of the two important efflux pump acrB & yojI genes alone as well as in combination.
Niaziridin was also able to over express the porin forming genes (ompA & ompX). These glycosides decreased
the mutation prevention concentration of tetracycline.
Conclusion:
This is the first ever report on glycosides, niazirin and niaziridin acting as drug resistance reversal
agent through efflux pump inhibition and modulation of expression pattern drug resistant genes. This study
may be helpful in preparing an effective antibacterial combination against the drug-resistant GNB from a
widely growing Moringa oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav R. Dwivedi
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Anupam Maurya
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Dharmendra K. Yadav
- Metabolic & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Mahendra K. Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahendra P. Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Santosh K. Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India
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Singh K, Dwivedi GR, Sanket AS, Pati S. Therapeutic Potential of Endophytic Compounds: A Special Reference to Drug Transporter Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:754-783. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190412095105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From the discovery to the golden age of antibiotics (miracle), millions of lives have been saved. The era of negligence towards chemotherapeutic agents gave birth to drug resistance. Among all the regulators of drug resistance, drug transporters are considered to be the key regulators for multidrug resistance. These transporters are prevalent from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Endophytes are one of the unexplored wealths of nature. Endophytes are a model mutualistic partner of plants. They are the reservoir of novel therapeutics. The present review deals with endophytes as novel drug resistance reversal agents by inhibiting the drug transporters across the genera. This review also focuses on drug transporters, and mutualistic chemical diversity, exploring drug transporter modulating potential of endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khusbu Singh
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gaurav Raj Dwivedi
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - A. Swaroop Sanket
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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Dwivedi GR, Maurya A, Yadav DK, Singh V, Khan F, Gupta MK, Singh M, Darokar MP, Srivastava SK. Synergy of clavine alkaloid 'chanoclavine' with tetracycline against multi-drug-resistant E. coli. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:1307-1325. [PMID: 29595093 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1458654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multi drug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and lack of novel classes of antibacterial agents have raised an immediate need to identify antibacterial agents, which can reverse the phenomenon of MDR. The purpose of present study was to evaluate synergy potential and understanding the drug resistance reversal mechanism of chanoclavine isolated from Ipomoea muricata against the multi-drug-resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli (MDREC). Although chanoclavine did not show antibacterial activity of its own, but in combination, it could reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline (TET) up to 16-folds. Chanoclavine was found to inhibit the efflux pumps which seem to be ATPase-dependent. In real-time expression analysis, chanoclavine showed down-regulation of different efflux pump genes and decreased the mutation prevention concentration of tetracycline. Further, in silico docking studies revealed significant binding affinity of chanoclavine with different proteins known to be involved in drug resistance. In in silico ADME/toxicity studies, chanoclavine was found safe with good intestinal absorption, aqueous solubility, medium blood-brain barrier (BBB), no CYP 2D6 inhibition, no hepatotoxicity, no skin irritancy, and non-mutagenic indicating towards drug likeliness of this molecule. Based on these observations, it is hypothesized that chanoclavine might be inhibiting the efflux of tetracycline from MDREC and thus enabling the more availability of tetracycline inside the cell for its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Raj Dwivedi
- a Molecular Bioprospection Department , CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow 226015 , India.,b Microbiology Department , ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre , Bhubaneshwar 751023 , Odisha , India
| | - Anupam Maurya
- c Medicinal Chemistry Department , CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow 226015 , India.,d Pharmacopoeia Commission for Indian Medicine and Homeopathy (PCIM&H) , PLIM Campus, Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- e Metabolic & Structural Biology , CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow 226015 , India.,f College of Pharmacy , Gachon University , Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 406-799 , Korea
| | - Vigyasa Singh
- a Molecular Bioprospection Department , CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow 226015 , India
| | - Feroz Khan
- e Metabolic & Structural Biology , CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow 226015 , India
| | | | - Mastan Singh
- g Department of Microbiology , King George Medical University , Lucknow , India
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- a Molecular Bioprospection Department , CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow 226015 , India
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- c Medicinal Chemistry Department , CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow 226015 , India
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