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Kumar K, Suebsuwong C, Wang P, Garcia-Ocana A, Stewart AF, DeVita RJ. DYRK1A Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for β-Cell Regeneration for Diabetes. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2901-2922. [PMID: 33682417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 422 million people are suffering from diabetes worldwide. Current diabetes therapies are focused on optimizing blood glucose control to prevent long-term diabetes complications. Unfortunately, current therapies have failed to achieve glycemic targets in the majority of people with diabetes. In this context, regeneration of functional insulin-producing human β-cells in people with diabetes through the use of DYRK1A inhibitor drugs has recently received special attention. Several small molecule DYRK1A inhibitors have been identified that induce human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, DYRK1A inhibitors have also been shown to synergize β-cell proliferation with other classes of drugs, such as TGFβ inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. In this perspective, we review the status of DYRK1A as a therapeutic target for β-cell proliferation and provide perspectives on technical and scientific challenges for future translational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kumar
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chalada Suebsuwong
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocana
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Robert J DeVita
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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2
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Liu YA, Jin Q, Ding Q, Hao X, Mo T, Yan S, Zou Y, Huang Z, Zhang X, Gao W, Wu TYH, Li C, Bursalaya B, Di Donato M, Zhang YQ, Deaton L, Shen W, Taylor B, Kamireddy A, Harb G, Li J, Jia Y, Schumacher AM, Laffitte B, Glynne R, Pan S, McNamara P, Molteni V, Loren J. A Dual Inhibitor of DYRK1A and GSK3β for β-Cell Proliferation: Aminopyrazine Derivative GNF4877. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1562-1570. [PMID: 32613743 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss of β-cell mass and function can lead to insufficient insulin levels and ultimately to hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. The mainstream treatment approach involves regulation of insulin levels; however, approaches intended to increase β-cell mass are less developed. Promoting β-cell proliferation with low-molecular-weight inhibitors of dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) offers the potential to treat diabetes with oral therapies by restoring β-cell mass, insulin content and glycemic control. GNF4877, a potent dual inhibitor of DYRK1A and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was previously reported to induce primary human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we describe the lead optimization that lead to the identification of GNF4877 from an aminopyrazine hit identified in a phenotypic high-throughput screening campaign measuring β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahu A Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qihui Jin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xueshi Hao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tingting Mo
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shanshan Yan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yefen Zou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wenqi Gao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tom Y-H Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Badry Bursalaya
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael Di Donato
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - You-Qing Zhang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Deaton
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Weijun Shen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brandon Taylor
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Anwesh Kamireddy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - George Harb
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yong Jia
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Andrew M Schumacher
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Richard Glynne
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shifeng Pan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jon Loren
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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3
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Allegretti PA, Horton TM, Abdolazimi Y, Moeller HP, Yeh B, Caffet M, Michel G, Smith M, Annes JP. Generation of highly potent DYRK1A-dependent inducers of human β-Cell replication via Multi-Dimensional compound optimization. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115193. [PMID: 31757680 PMCID: PMC6941846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule stimulation of β-cell regeneration has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetes. Although chemical inhibition of dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is sufficient to enhance β-cell replication, current lead compounds have inadequate cellular potency for in vivo application. Herein, we report the clinical stage anti-cancer kinase inhibitor OTS167 as a structurally novel, remarkably potent DYRK1A inhibitor and inducer of human β-cell replication. Unfortunately, OTS167's target promiscuity and cytotoxicity curtails utility. To tailor kinase selectivity towards DYRK1A and reduce cytotoxicity we designed a library of fifty-one OTS167 derivatives based upon a modeled structure of the DYRK1A-OTS167 complex. Indeed, derivative characterization yielded several leads with exceptional DYRK1A inhibition and human β-cell replication promoting potencies but substantially reduced cytotoxicity. These compounds are the most potent human β-cell replication-promoting compounds yet described and exemplify the potential to purposefully leverage off-target activities of advanced stage compounds for a desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Allegretti
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy M Horton
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yassan Abdolazimi
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannah P Moeller
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin Yeh
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Caffet
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guillermina Michel
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin P Annes
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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4
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Horton TM, Allegretti PA, Lee S, Moeller HP, Smith M, Annes JP. Zinc-Chelating Small Molecules Preferentially Accumulate and Function within Pancreatic β Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:213-222.e6. [PMID: 30527998 PMCID: PMC6386607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a hyperglycemic condition characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and depletion. Whereas methods for monitoring β-cell function in vivo exist, methods to deliver therapeutics to β cells are lacking. We leveraged the rare ability of β cells to concentrate zinc to preferentially trap zinc-binding molecules within β cells, resulting in β-cell-targeted compound delivery. We determined that zinc-rich β cells and islets preferentially accumulated TSQ (6-methoxy-8-p-toluenesulfonamido-quinoline) in a zinc-dependent manner compared with exocrine pancreas. Next, we asked whether appending a zinc-chelating moiety onto a β-cell replication-inducing compound was sufficient to confer preferential β-cell accumulation and activity. Indeed, the hybrid compound preferentially accumulated within rodent and human islets in a zinc-dependent manner and increased the selectivity of replication-promoting activity toward β cells. These data resolve the fundamental question of whether intracellular accumulation of zinc-chelating compounds is influenced by zinc content. Furthermore, application of this principle yielded a proof-of-concept method for β-cell-targeted drug delivery and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Horton
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H) Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul A Allegretti
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H) Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannah P Moeller
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H) Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Medicinal Chemistry Knowledge Center, Stanford CHEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin P Annes
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H) Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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5
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Bhat RV, Andersson U, Andersson S, Knerr L, Bauer U, Sundgren-Andersson AK. The Conundrum of GSK3 Inhibitors: Is it the Dawn of a New Beginning? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S547-S554. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-179934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratan V. Bhat
- Strategy and External Innovation, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shalini Andersson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laurent Knerr
- Medicinal Chemistry Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Udo Bauer
- Strategy and External Innovation, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna K. Sundgren-Andersson
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic disease, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Valeur E, Knerr L, Ölwegård-Halvarsson M, Lemurell M. Targeted delivery for regenerative medicines: an untapped opportunity for drug conjugates. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:841-847. [PMID: 27988360 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative approaches are promising avenues to effectively cure diseases rather than merely treating symptoms, but are associated with concerns around proliferation in other organs. Given that targeted delivery holds the promise of delivering a drug precisely to its desired site of action, usually with the prospect of increasing the therapeutic index, it can be considered as an essential enabler of regenerative medicines. Although significant progress has been made predominantly in oncology for the delivery of cytotoxic drugs using antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), the physiological conditions and safety requirements for regenerative medicines are very different. Drug conjugates need to be approached differently and, we herein suggest using a broader range of homing modalities and a specific framework to develop safe linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Valeur
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden.
| | - Laurent Knerr
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
| | - Maria Ölwegård-Halvarsson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
| | - Malin Lemurell
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
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