1
|
Kalogirou AS, Oh HJ, Asquith CRM. The Synthesis and Biological Applications of the 1,2,3-Dithiazole Scaffold. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073193. [PMID: 37049953 PMCID: PMC10096614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1,2,3-dithiazole is an underappreciated scaffold in medicinal chemistry despite possessing a wide variety of nascent pharmacological activities. The scaffold has a potential wealth of opportunities within these activities and further afield. The 1,2,3-dithiazole scaffold has already been reported as an antifungal, herbicide, antibacterial, anticancer agent, antiviral, antifibrotic, and is a melanin and Arabidopsis gibberellin 2-oxidase inhibitor. These structure activity relationships are discussed in detail, along with insights and future directions. The review also highlights selected synthetic strategies developed towards the 1,2,3-dithiazole scaffold, how these are integrated to accessibility of chemical space, and to the prism of current and future biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Kalogirou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenis Str., Engomi, P.O. Box 22006, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Hans J Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher R M Asquith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Laitinen T, Meili T, Koyioni M, Koutentis PA, Poso A, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Asquith CRM. Synthesis and evaluation of 1,2,3-dithiazole inhibitors of the nucleocapsid protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as a model for HIV infection. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 68:116834. [PMID: 35653871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We disclose a series of potent anti-viral 1,2,3-dithiazoles, accessed through a succinct synthetic approach from 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride (Appel's salt). A series of small libraries of compounds were screened against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infected cells as a model for HIV. This approach highlighted new structure activity relationship understanding and led to the development of sub-micro molar anti-viral compounds with reduced toxicity. In addition, insight into the mechanistic progress of this system is provided via advanced QM-MM modelling. The 1,2,3-dithiazole represents a versatile scaffold with potential for further development to treat both FIV and HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Theres Meili
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Maria Koyioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christopher R M Asquith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reaction of 4,5-Dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium Chloride with 2-(Phenylsulfonyl)acetonitrile. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride with 2-(phenylsulfonyl)acetonitrile (1 equiv) in the presence of pyridine (2 equiv) gave S-(3-chloro-5-cyanoisothiazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonothioate and (Z)-2-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)acetonitrile in 19% and 23% yield, respectively. The compounds were fully characterized and the mechanistic rationale is proposed for the formation of the benzensulfonate.
Collapse
|
4
|
Crystal Structure and Solid-State Packing of 4-Chloro-5 H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-one and 4-Chloro-5 H-1,2,3-dithiazole-5-thione. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195875. [PMID: 34641419 PMCID: PMC8512425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure and solid-state packing of 4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-one and two polymorphs of 4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazole-5-thione were analyzed and compared to structural data of similar systems. These five-membered S,N-rich heterocycles are planar with considerable bond localization. All three structures demonstrate tight solid-state packing without voids which is attributed to a rich network of short intermolecular electrostatic contacts. These include Sδ+…Nδ−, Sδ+…Oδ−, Sδ+…Clδ− and Sδ+…Sδ− interactions that are well within the sum of their van der Waals radii (∑VDW). B3LYP, BLYP, M06, mPW1PW, PBE and MP2 were employed to calculate their intramolecular geometrical parameters, the Fukui condensed functions to probe their reactivity, the bond order, Bird Index and NICS(1) to establish their aromaticity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Maffuid KA, Koyioni M, Torrice CD, Murphy WA, Mewada HK, Koutentis PA, Crona DJ, Asquith CRM. Design and evaluation of 1,2,3-dithiazoles and fused 1,2,4-dithiazines as anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 43:128078. [PMID: 33951490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom rich 1,2,3-dithiazoles are relatively underexplored in medicinal chemistry. We now report screening data on a series of structurally diverse 1,2,3-dithiazoles and electronically related 1,2,4-dithiazines with the aim of identifying interesting starting points for potential future optimisation. The 1,2,3-dithiazoles, were obtained via a number of different syntheses and screened on a series of cancer cell lines. These included breast, bladder, prostate, pancreatic, chordoma and lung cancer cell lines with an additional skin fibroblast cell line as a toxicity control. Several low single digit micromolar compounds with promising therapeutic windows were identified for breast, bladder and prostate cancer. Furthermore, key structural features of 1,2,3-dithiazoles are discussed, that show encouraging scope for future refinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A Maffuid
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Maria Koyioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chad D Torrice
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William A Murphy
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Heemaja K Mewada
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Crona
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher R M Asquith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baranovsky IV, Konstantinova LS, Tolmachev MA, Popov VV, A. Lyssenko K, Rakitin OA. Synthesis of 2-((2-(Benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-2 H-imidazol-4-yl)amino)-phenols from 2-((5 H-1,2,3-Dithiazol-5-ylidene)amino)phenols through Unprecedented Formation of Imidazole Ring from Two Methanimino Groups. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173768. [PMID: 32824981 PMCID: PMC7504547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic pathway to four substituted imidazoles from readily available 2-((4-aryl(thienyl)-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)amino)phenols has been developed. Benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl(aryl(thienyl))methanimines were proved as key intermediates in their synthesis. The formation of an imidazole ring from two methanimine derivatives likely includes the opening of one benzoxazole ring followed by ring closure by intermolecular nucleophilic attack of the N-methanimine atom to a carbon atom of another methanimine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilia V. Baranovsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.B.); (L.S.K.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Lidia S. Konstantinova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.B.); (L.S.K.); (M.A.T.)
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Mikhail A. Tolmachev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.B.); (L.S.K.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Vadim V. Popov
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Rakitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.B.); (L.S.K.); (M.A.T.)
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-135-5327
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity of Rare Substituted 1,2,3-Thiaselenazoles and Corresponding Matched Pair 1,2,3-Dithiazoles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070369. [PMID: 32630252 PMCID: PMC7400446 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report our investigations into the underlying differences between 1,2,3-dithiazole and their ultra-rare counterpart, 1,2,3-thiaselenazole. This rare 1,2,3-thiaselenazole chemotype was afforded by sulfur extrusion and selenium insertion into the preconstructed 1,2,3-dithiazoles. We built a library of matched paired compounds to compare and contrast the two ring systems. This led to the development of both narrow and broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds with sub-micro molar potency, limited to no toxicity and a further understanding of the transition state electronics through molecular simulations. We also identified the potent 4,5,6-trichlorocyclopenta[d][1,2,3]thiaselenazole 11a, for use against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, all of which have limited clinical treatment options. The 1,2,3-thiaselenazole represents a new class of potential compounds for the treatment of a host of multi-resistant hospital derived infections.
Collapse
|
8
|
Makhova NN, Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Dalinger IL, Konstantinova LS, Kuznetsov VV, Kravchenko AN, Krayushkin MM, Rakitin OA, Starosotnikov AM, Fershtat LL, Shevelev SA, Shirinian VZ, Yarovenko VN. Progress in the chemistry of nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-containing heterocyclic systems. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
9
|
Synthesis and Identification of Pentathiepin-Based Inhibitors of Sporothrix brasiliensis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040249. [PMID: 31816950 PMCID: PMC6963766 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix brasiliensis is the causative agent of zoonotic sporotrichosis in Brazil and is currently referred to as the most virulent species among those of clinical importance within the genus. Sporotrichosis is an emergent disease that has come to the forefront over two decades with a recent hot spot of sporotrichosis infection emerging in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The source of these infections is now at epidemic proportions with more than 4000 cases reported in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, alone since 1998. We developed a focused library of a rare pentathiepin ring system and identified a potent substitution pattern that yielded compounds 21 and 22. These compounds were more potent than itraconazole which is the current standard of care for sporotrichosis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Asquith CRM, Sil BC, Laitinen T, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Poso A, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Hilton ST. Novel epidithiodiketopiperazines as anti-viral zinc ejectors of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) nucleocapsid protein as a model for HIV infection. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:4174-4184. [PMID: 31395510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Focused libraries of multi-substituted epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETP) were prepared and evaluated for efficacy of inhibiting the nucleocapsid protein function of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) as a model for HIV. This activity was compared and contrasted to observed toxicity utilising an in-vitro cell culture approach. This resulted in the identification of several promising lead compounds with nanomolar potency in cells with low toxicity and a favorable therapeutic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R M Asquith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Clinical Laboratory & Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Bruno C Sil
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory & Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen T Hilton
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pathania S, Narang RK, Rawal RK. Role of sulphur-heterocycles in medicinal chemistry: An update. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:486-508. [PMID: 31330449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
From many decades, S-heterocycles have maintained their status as an important part and core of FDA approved drugs and medicinally active compounds. With exhaustive exploration of nitrogen heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, researchers have shifted their interest towards other heterocycles, especially, S-heterocycles. Thus several attempts have been made to synthesize a variety of new sulphur containing compounds with high medicinal value and low toxicity profile, in comparison to previous N-heterocycles. Till today, S-heterocycle containing compounds have been largely reported as anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertension, antivral, antinflammatory etc. In this review, the authors have tried to provide a critical analysis of synthesis and medicinal attributes of sulphur containing heterocycles such as thiirane, thiophene, thiazole, thiopyran, thiazolidine etc reported within last five years to emphasize the significance and usefulness of these S-heterocycles in the drug discovery process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Pathania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India; Research Scholar, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Raj Kumar Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, 133207, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Asquith CRM, Meili T, Laitinen T, Baranovsky IV, Konstantinova LS, Poso A, Rakitin OA, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Synthesis and comparison of substituted 1,2,3-dithiazole and 1,2,3-thiaselenazole as inhibitors of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) nucleocapsid protein as a model for HIV infection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1765-1768. [PMID: 31101470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the first biological evaluation the 1,2,3-thiaselenazole class of compound and utilising a concise synthetic approach of sulfur extrusion, selenium insertion of the 1,2,3-dithiazoles. We created a small diverse library of compounds to contrast the two ring systems. This approach has highlighted new structure activity relationship insights and lead to the development of sub-micro molar anti-viral compounds with reduced toxicity. The 1,2,3-thiaselenazole represents a new class of potential compounds for the treatment of FIV and HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R M Asquith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Theres Meili
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Ilia V Baranovsky
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Lidia S Konstantinova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, Lenina Ave. 76, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Antti Poso
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg A Rakitin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, Lenina Ave. 76, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Asquith CRM, Laitinen T, Konstantinova LS, Tizzard G, Poso A, Rakitin OA, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Hilton ST. Investigation of the Pentathiepin Functionality as an Inhibitor of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) via a Potential Zinc Ejection Mechanism, as a Model for HIV Infection. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:454-461. [PMID: 30609219 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A small diverse library of pentathiepin derivatives were prepared to evaluate their efficacy against the nucleocapsid protein function of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as a model for HIV, using an in vitro cell culture approach. This study led to the development of nanomolar active compounds with low toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R M Asquith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.,Clinical Laboratory & Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Current address: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Lidia S Konstantinova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, Lenina Ave. 76, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Graham Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Oleg A Rakitin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, Lenina Ave. 76, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory & Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen T Hilton
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rakitin OA, Zibarev AV. Synthesis and Applications of 5‐Membered Chalcogen‐Nitrogen π‐Heterocycles with Three Heteroatoms. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A. Rakitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 119991 Moscow Russia
- Nanotechnology Education and Research CenterSouth Ural State University 454080 Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Andrey V. Zibarev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of ChemistryNational Research University – Tomsk State University 634050 Tomsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Conversion of 5,5'-Bi(1,2,3-dithiazolylidenes) into Isothiazolo[5,4- d]isothiazoles. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061257. [PMID: 29795048 PMCID: PMC6099702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermolysis of 4,4'-dichloro-, 4,4'-diaryl-, and 4,4'-di(thien-2-yl)-5,5'-bi(1,2,3-dithiazol-ylidenes) affords the respective 3,6-dichloro-, 3,6-diaryl- and 3,6-di(thien-2-yl)isothiazolo[5,4-d]-isothiazoles in low to high yields. The transformation of the 4,4'-diaryl- and 4,4'-di(thien-2-yl)-5,5'-bi(1,2,3-dithiazolylidenes) occurs at lower temperatures in the presence of the thiophiles triphenylphosphine or tetraethylammonium iodide. Optimized reaction conditions and a mechanistic rationale for the thiophile-mediated ring transformation are presented.
Collapse
|
16
|
Konstantinova LS, Baranovsky IV, Pritchina EA, Mikhailov MS, Bagryanskaya IY, Semenov NA, Irtegova IG, Salnikov GE, Lyssenko KA, Gritsan NP, Zibarev AV, Rakitin OA. Fused 1,2,3-Thiaselenazoles Synthesized from 1,2,3-Dithiazoles through Selective Chalcogen Exchange. Chemistry 2017; 23:17037-17047. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia S. Konstantinova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 Moscow Russia
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center; South Ural State University; 454080 Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Ilia V. Baranovsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena A. Pritchina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences; Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Maksim S. Mikhailov
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center; South Ural State University; 454080 Chelyabinsk Russia
| | - Irina Yu. Bagryanskaya
- Department of Natural Sciences; Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Semenov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Irina G. Irtegova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Georgy E. Salnikov
- Department of Natural Sciences; Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | | | - Nina P. Gritsan
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Physics; Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Andrey V. Zibarev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Physics; Novosibirsk State University; 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Chemistry; Tomsk State University; 634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Oleg A. Rakitin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 Moscow Russia
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center; South Ural State University; 454080 Chelyabinsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|