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Leechaisit R, Mahalapbutr P, Boonsri P, Karnchanapandh K, Rungrotmongkol T, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V, Pingaew R. Discovery of Novel Naphthoquinone-Chalcone Hybrids as Potent FGFR1 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32593-32605. [PMID: 37720749 PMCID: PMC10500653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a flexible synthesis of 10 novel naphthoquinone-chalcone derivatives (1-10) by nucleophilic substitution of readily accessible aminochalcones and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone. All compounds displayed broad-spectrum cytotoxic activities against all the tested cancer cell lines (i.e., HuCCA-1, HepG2, A549, MOLT-3, T47D, and MDA-MB-231) with IC50 values in the range of 0.81-62.06 μM, especially the four most potent compounds 1, 3, 8, and 9. The in vitro investigation on the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitory effect indicated that eight derivatives (1-2, 4-5, and 7-10) were active FGFR1 inhibitors (IC50 = 0.33-3.13 nM) with more potency than that of the known FGFR1 inhibitor, AZD4547 (IC50 = 12.17 nM). Promisingly, compounds 5 (IC50 = 0.33 ± 0.01 nM), 9 (IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.04 nM), and 7 (IC50 = 0.85 ± 0.08 nM) were the three most potent FGFR1 inhibitors. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM/GBSA-based free energy calculation revealed that the key amino acid residues involved in the binding of the compounds 5, 7, and 9 and the target FGFR1 protein were similar with those of the AZD4547 (i.e., Val492, Lys514, Ile545, Val561, Ala640, and Asp641). These findings revealed that the newly synthesized naphthoquinone-chalcone scaffold is a promising structural feature for an efficient inhibition of FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnakorn Leechaisit
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pornthip Boonsri
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Kun Karnchanapandh
- Program
in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program
in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center
for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center
for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Program
in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate
Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission
on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical
Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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2
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Ventura-Salazar IAY, Palacios-Can FJ, González-Maya L, Sánchez-Carranza JN, Antunez-Mojica M, Razo-Hernández RS, Alvarez L. Finding a Novel Chalcone-Cinnamic Acid Chimeric Compound with Antiproliferative Activity against MCF-7 Cell Line Using a Free-Wilson Type Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:5486. [PMID: 37513358 PMCID: PMC10383513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we carried out the design and synthesis of new chimeric compounds from the natural cytotoxic chalcone 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone (2',4'-DHC, A) in combination with cinnamic acids. For this purpose, a descriptive and predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed to study the chimeric compounds' anti-cancer activities against human breast cancer MCF-7, relying on the presence or absence of structural motifs in the chalcone structure, like in a Free-Wilson approach. For this, we used 207 chalcone derivatives with a great variety of structural modifications over the α and β rings, such as halogens (F, Cl, and Br), heterocyclic rings (piperazine, piperidine, pyridine, etc.), and hydroxyl and methoxy groups. The multilinear equation was obtained by the genetic algorithm technique, using logIC50 as a dependent variable and molecular descriptors (constitutional, topological, functional group count, atom-centered fragments, and molecular properties) as independent variables, with acceptable statistical parameter values (R2 = 86.93, Q2LMO = 82.578, Q2BOOT = 80.436, and Q2EXT = 80.226), which supports the predictive ability of the model. Considering the aromatic and planar nature of the chalcone and cinnamic acid cores, a structural-specific QSAR model was developed by incorporating geometrical descriptors into the previous general QSAR model, again, with acceptable parameters (R2 = 85.554, Q2LMO = 80.534, Q2BOOT = 78.186, and Q2EXT = 79.41). Employing this new QSAR model over the natural parent chalcone 2',4'-DHC (A) and the chimeric compound 2'-hydroxy,4'-cinnamate chalcone (B), the predicted cytotoxic activity was achieved with values of 55.95 and 17.86 µM, respectively. Therefore, to corroborate the predicted cytotoxic activity compounds A and B were synthesized by two- and three-step reactions. The structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR and ESI+MS analysis and further evaluated in vitro against HepG2, Hep3B (liver), A-549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast), and CasKi (cervical) human cancer cell lines. The results showed IC50 values of 11.89, 10.27, 56.75, 14.86, and 29.72 µM, respectively, for the chimeric cinnamate chalcone B. Finally, we employed B as a molecular scaffold for the generation of cinnamate candidates (C-K), which incorporated structural motifs that enhance the cytotoxic activity (pyridine ring, halogens, and methoxy groups) according to our QSAR model. ADME/tox in silico analysis showed that the synthesized compounds A and B, as well as the proposed chalcones C and G, are the best candidates with adequate drug-likeness properties. From all these results, we propose B (as a molecular scaffold) and our two QSAR models as reliable tools for the generation of anti-cancer compounds over the MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis A Y Ventura-Salazar
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Palacios-Can
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Leticia González-Maya
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | | | - Mayra Antunez-Mojica
- CONAHCYT-Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
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Dai ZQ, Gao F, Zhang ZJ, Lu MJ, Luo YJ, Zhang T, Shang BX, Gu YH, Zeng Q, Gao S, Guo ZQ, Xu B, Lei HM. Anti-tumor effects of novel alkannin derivatives with potent selectivity on comprehensive analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154912. [PMID: 37295023 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic approaches based on glycolysis and energy metabolism of tumor cells are new promising strategies for the treatment of cancer. Currently, researches on the inhibition of pyruvate kinase M2, a key rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis, have been corroborated as an effective cancer therapy. Alkannin is a potent pyruvate kinase M2 inhibitor. However, its non-selective cytotoxicity has affected its subsequent clinical application. Thus, it needs to be structurally modified to develop novel derivatives with high selectivity. PURPOSE Our study aimed to ameliorate the toxicity of alkannin through structural modification and elucidate the mechanism of the superior derivative 23 in lung cancer therapy. METHODS On the basis of the principle of collocation, different amino acids and oxygen-containing heterocycles were introduced into the hydroxyl group of the alkannin side chain. We examined the cell viability of all derivatives on three tumor cells (HepG2, A549 and HCT116) and two normal cells (L02 and MDCK) by MTT assay. Besides, the effect of derivative 23 on the morphology of A549 cells as observed by Giemsa and DAPI staining, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to assess the effects of derivative 23 on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. To further assess the effect of derivative 23 on the Pyruvate kinase M2 in glycolysis, an enzyme activity assay and western blot assay were performed. Finally, in vivo the antitumor activity and safety of the derivative 23 were evaluated by using Lewis mouse lung cancer xenograft model. RESULTS Twenty-three novel alkannin derivatives were designed and synthesized to improve the cytotoxicity selectivity. Among these derivatives, derivative 23 showed the highest cytotoxicity selectivity between cancer and normal cells. The anti-proliferative activity of derivative 23 on A549 cells (IC50 = 1.67 ± 0.34 μM) was 10-fold higher than L02 cells (IC50 = 16.77 ± 1.44 μM) and 5-fold higher than MDCK cells (IC50 = 9.23 ± 0.29 μM) respectively. Subsequently, fluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis showed that derivative 23 was able to induce apoptosis of A549 cells and arrest the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, the mechanistic studies suggested derivative 23 was an inhibitor of pyruvate kinase; it could regulate glycolysis by inhibiting the activation of the phosphorylation of PKM2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, studies in vivo demonstrated derivative 23 significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumor. CONCLUSION In this study, alkannin selectivity is reported to be significantly improved following structural modification, and derivative 23 is first shown to be able to inhibit lung cancer growth via the PKM2/STAT3 phosphorylation signaling pathway in vitro, indicating the potential value of derivative 23 in treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Dai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zi-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ming-Jun Lu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu-Jin Luo
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Bing-Xian Shang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu-Hao Gu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhuo-Qian Guo
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hai-Min Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Constantinescu T, Mihis AG. Two Important Anticancer Mechanisms of Natural and Synthetic Chalcones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911595. [PMID: 36232899 PMCID: PMC9570335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G and tubulin pharmacological mechanisms decrease the effectiveness of anticancer drugs by modulating drug absorption and by creating tubulin assembly through polymerization. A series of natural and synthetic chalcones have been reported to have very good anticancer activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration lower than 1 µM. By modulation, it is observed in case of the first mechanism that methoxy substituents on the aromatic cycle of acetophenone residue and substitution of phenyl nucleus by a heterocycle and by methoxy or hydroxyl groups have a positive impact. To inhibit tubulin, compounds bind to colchicine binding site. Presence of methoxy groups, amino groups or heterocyclic substituents increase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Constantinescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Grig Mihis
- Advanced Materials and Applied Technologies Laboratory, Institute of Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, “Babes-Bolyai” University, Fantanele Str. 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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5
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A Review of the Recent Developments of Molecular Hybrids Targeting Tubulin Polymerization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074001. [PMID: 35409361 PMCID: PMC8999808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are cylindrical protein polymers formed from αβ-tubulin heterodimers in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Microtubule disturbance may cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and anomalous mitotic spindles will form. Microtubules are an important target for cancer drug action because of their critical role in mitosis. Several microtubule-targeting agents with vast therapeutic advantages have been developed, but they often lead to multidrug resistance and adverse side effects. Thus, single-target therapy has drawbacks in the effective control of tubulin polymerization. Molecular hybridization, based on the amalgamation of two or more pharmacophores of bioactive conjugates to engender a single molecular structure with enhanced pharmacokinetics and biological activity, compared to their parent molecules, has recently become a promising approach in drug development. The practical application of combined active scaffolds targeting tubulin polymerization inhibitors has been corroborated in the past few years. Meanwhile, different designs and syntheses of novel anti-tubulin hybrids have been broadly studied, illustrated, and detailed in the literature. This review describes various molecular hybrids with their reported structural–activity relationships (SARs) where it is possible in an effort to generate efficacious tubulin polymerization inhibitors. The aim is to create a platform on which new active scaffolds can be modeled for improved tubulin polymerization inhibitory potency and hence, the development of new therapeutic agents against cancer.
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Valipour M. Recent advances of antitumor shikonin/alkannin derivatives: A comprehensive overview focusing on structural classification, synthetic approaches, and mechanisms of action. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Madbouly EA, Lashine ESM, Al-Karmalawy AA, Sebaiy MM, Pratsinis H, Kletsas D, Metwally K. Design and synthesis of novel quinazolinone–chalcone hybrids as potential apoptotic candidates targeting caspase-3 and PARP-1: in vitro, molecular docking, and SAR studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Novel quinazolinone–chalcone hybrids as potential apoptotic candidates targeting caspase-3 and PARP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Madbouly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M. Lashine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Sebaiy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre of Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre of Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Kamel Metwally
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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8
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Liu W, He M, Li Y, Peng Z, Wang G. A review on synthetic chalcone derivatives as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:9-38. [PMID: 34894980 PMCID: PMC8667932 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1976772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules play an important role in the process of cell mitosis and can form a spindle in the mitotic prophase of the cell, which can pull chromosomes to the ends of the cell and then divide into two daughter cells to complete the process of mitosis. Tubulin inhibitors suppress cell proliferation by inhibiting microtubule dynamics and disrupting microtubule homeostasis. Thereby inducing a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and interfering with the mitotic process. It has been found that a variety of chalcone derivatives can bind to microtubule proteins and disrupt the dynamic balance of microtubules, inhibit the proliferation of tumour cells, and exert anti-tumour effects. Consequently, a great number of studies have been conducted on chalcone derivatives targeting microtubule proteins. In this review, synthetic or natural chalcone microtubule inhibitors in recent years are described, along with their structure-activity relationship (SAR) for anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Teaching and Research Section of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Teaching and Research Section of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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9
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Chalcone Derivatives: Role in Anticancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060894. [PMID: 34208562 PMCID: PMC8234180 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) are precursors for flavonoids and isoflavonoids, which are common simple chemical scaffolds found in many naturally occurring compounds. Many chalcone derivatives were also prepared due to their convenient synthesis. Chalcones as weandhetic analogues have attracted much interest due to their broad biological activities with clinical potentials against various diseases, particularly for antitumor activity. The chalcone family has demonstrated potential in vitro and in vivo activity against cancers via multiple mechanisms, including cell cycle disruption, autophagy regulation, apoptosis induction, and immunomodulatory and inflammatory mediators. It represents a promising strategy to develop chalcones as novel anticancer agents. In addition, the combination of chalcones and other therapies is expected to be an effective way to improve anticancer therapeutic efficacy. However, despite the encouraging results for their response to cancers observed in clinical studies, a full description of toxicity is required for their clinical use as safe drugs for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances of the chalcone family as potential anticancer agents and the mechanisms of action. Besides, future applications and scope of the chalcone family toward the treatment and prevention of cancer are brought out.
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10
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Xia LY, Zhang YL, Yang R, Wang ZC, Lu YD, Wang BZ, Zhu HL. Tubulin Inhibitors Binding to Colchicine-Site: A Review from 2015 to 2019. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6787-6814. [PMID: 31580244 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191003154051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the three domains of the colchicine-site which is conducive to the combination with small molecule compounds, colchicine-site on the tubulin has become a common target for antitumor drug development, and accordingly, a large number of tubulin inhibitors binding to the colchicine-site have been reported and evaluated over the past years. In this study, tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine-site and their application as antitumor agents were reviewed based on the literature from 2015 to 2019. Tubulin inhibitors were classified into ten categories according to the structural features, including colchicine derivatives, CA-4 analogs, chalcone analogs, coumarin analogs, indole hybrids, quinoline and quinazoline analogs, lignan and podophyllotoxin derivatives, phenothiazine analogs, N-heterocycle hybrids and others. Most of them displayed potent antitumor activity, including antiproliferative effects against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) cell lines and antivascular properties, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the design, synthesis and the analysis of the structure-activity relationship of tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine-site were described in detail. In addition, multi-target inhibitors, anti-MDR compounds, and inhibitors bearing antitumor activity in vivo are further listed in tables to present a clear picture of potent tubulin inhibitors, which could be beneficial for medicinal chemistry researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ying Xia
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Liang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Chang Wang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Dong Lu
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China
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11
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Burmaoglu S, Aktas Anil D, Gobek A, Kilic D, Yetkin D, Duran N, Algul O. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity evaluation of fluorine-containing chalcone derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3525-3550. [PMID: 33200677 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1848627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of new chalcones containing fluoro atom at B ring have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated to be antiproliferative activity against a panel of human tumor cell lines. Some of the analogs (8, 9, 12, 45, 46 and 48) displayed powerful antiproliferative effects to certain human tumor cells, but all of them were devoid of any cytotoxicity towards the normal HEK 293. Acridine orange staining data supported that the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of the synthesized analogs on tumor cells are mediated through apoptosis. The compounds 12 and 46 manifested concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines using an xCELLigence assay. The structures and antiproliferative activity relationship were further supported by in silico molecular docking study of the compounds against tubulin protein which suggests our compounds interference to cell division. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Burmaoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Derya Aktas Anil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Erzurum Vocational High School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Gobek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Deryanur Kilic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Derya Yetkin
- Advanced Technology Education Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nizami Duran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya-Hatay, Turkey
| | - Oztekin Algul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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12
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Gao F, Huang G, Xiao J. Chalcone hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Current development, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationship. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2049-2084. [PMID: 32525247 DOI: 10.1002/med.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergency of drug-resistant cancers and the low specificity of anticancer agents have been the major challenges in the control and treatment of cancer, making an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents with high efficacy. Chalcones, precursors of flavonoids and isoflavonoids, exhibit structural heterogeneity and can act on various drug targets. Chalcones which demonstrated potential in vitro and in vivo activity against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant cancers, are useful templates for the development of novel anticancer agents. Hybridization of chalcone moiety with other anticancer pharmacophores could provide the hybrids which have the potential to overcome drug resistance and improve the specificity, so it represents a promising strategy to develop novel anticancer agents. This review emphasizes the development, the mechanisms of action as well as structure-activity relationships of chalcone hybrids with potential therapeutic application for many cancers in recent 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zhu Y, Zhong Y, Long X, Zhu Z, Zhou Y, Ye H, Zeng X, Zheng X. Deoxyshikonin isolated from Arnebia euchroma inhibits colorectal cancer by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:412-423. [PMID: 31230505 PMCID: PMC6600065 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1626447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Context: Shikonins, a series of natural occurring naphthoquinones extracted from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Jonst. (Boraginaceae), have antitumor activities and low toxicity. Objective: To illuminate potential activity and mechanism of shikonins against colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and methods: Five shikonins were isolated from A. euchroma, and elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Anti-proliferative activities of shikonins (0-100 μg/mL) on human colorectal cells were evaluated by MTT and CCK-8 for 24 or 48 h. Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were examined by FCM analysis. The expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mRNAs and proteins was analysed by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell cycle and protein expression were measured, when co-treated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors. The in vivo activity of deoxyshikonin was evaluated using xenograft tumour model. Results: Deoxyshikonin and another four shikonins were isolated and identified. Deoxyshikonin exhibited anti-proliferative activity with IC50 of 10.97 μM against HT29 cells. Moreover, the percentage of early apoptotic cells and G0/G1 cells increased from 1 to 29% and 44 to 67% with 0-50 μg/mL deoxyshikonin, respectively. Deoxyshikonin also down-regulated the expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt308 and mTOR proteins in HT29 and DLD-1 cells. Moreover, LY294002, NVP-BEZ235 and MK-2206 can make deoxyshikonin more cell proliferation inhibited, cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 and apoptosis promoted. In vivo study, the weight of tumour tissues at deoxyshikonin groups was significantly reduced compared with the control group, and PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt308 and mTOR expression was decreased. Discussion and conclusions: We can conclude that deoxyshikonin isolated from Arnebia euchroma inhibited CRC through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Analysis Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xun Long
- The Third People’s Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Xiaobin Zeng Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province518120, China
| | - Xuebao Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Xuebao Zheng Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province524023, China
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of benzoylacrylic acid shikonin ester derivatives as irreversible dual inhibitors of tubulin and EGFR. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115153. [PMID: 31648877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of shikonin derivatives combined with benzoylacrylic had been designed and synthesized, which showed an inhibitory effect on both tubulin and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In vitro EGFR and cell growth inhibition assay demonstrated that compound PMMB-317 exhibited the most potent anti-EGFR (IC50 = 22.7 nM) and anti-proliferation activity (IC50 = 4.37 μM) against A549 cell line, which was comparable to that of Afatinib (EGFR, IC50 = 15.4 nM; A549, IC50 = 6.32 μM). Our results on mechanism research suggested that, PMMB-317 could induce the apoptosis of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, along with decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), production of ROS and alterations in apoptosis-related protein levels. Also, PMMB-317 could arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase to induce cell apoptosis, and inhibit the EGFR activity through blocking the signal transduction downstream of the mitogen-activated protein MAPK pathway and the anti-apoptotic kinase AKT pathway; typically, such results were comparable to those of afatinib. In addition, PMMB-317 could suppress A549 cell migration through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, molecular docking simulation revealed that, PMMB-317 could simultaneously combine with EGFR protein (5HG8) and tubulin (1SA0) through various forces. Moreover, 3D-QSAR study was also carried out, which could optimize our compound through the structure-activity relationship analysis. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo results had collectively confirmed that PMMB-317 might serve as a promising lead compound to further develop the potential therapeutic anticancer agents.
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15
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An overview of microtubule targeting agents for cancer therapy. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70:160-172. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The entire world is looking for effective cancer therapies whose benefits would outweigh their toxicity. One way to reduce resistance to chemotherapy and its adverse effects is the so called targeted therapy, which targets specific molecules (“molecular targets”) that play a critical role in cancer growth, progression, and metastasis. One such specific target are microtubules. In this review we address the current knowledge about microtubule-targeting agents or drugs (MTAs/MTDs) used in cancer therapy from their synthesis to toxicities. Synthetic and natural MTAs exhibit antitumor activity, and preclinical and clinical studies have shown that their anticancer effectiveness is higher than that of traditional drug therapies. Furthermore, MTAs involve a lower risk of adverse effects such as neurotoxicity and haemotoxicity. Several new generation MTAs are currently being evaluated for clinical use. This review brings updated information on the benefits of MTAs, therapeutic approaches, advantages, and challenges in their research.
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Pilli G, Dumala N, Sreeja JS, John R, Sengupta S, Grover P, Prakash M. J. Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 4‐Hydroxycoumarin Derivatives as Antiproliferative Agents. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Govindaiah Pilli
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Rourkela- 769008 Odisha India
| | - Naresh Dumala
- Toxicology LaboratoryApplied Biology DepartmentCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007, Telangana India
| | - Jamuna S. Sreeja
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology Trivndrum- 695014, Kerala India
| | - Rince John
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology Trivndrum- 695014, Kerala India
| | - Suparna Sengupta
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology Trivndrum- 695014, Kerala India
| | - Paramjit Grover
- Toxicology LaboratoryApplied Biology DepartmentCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007, Telangana India
| | - Jaya Prakash M.
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Rourkela- 769008 Odisha India
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Behbahani FS, Tabeshpour J, Mirzaei S, Golmakaniyoon S, Tayarani‐Najaran Z, Ghasemi A, Ghodsi R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzo[
c
]acridine‐diones as potential anticancer agents and tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800307. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shaebani Behbahani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Jamshid Tabeshpour
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Salimeh Mirzaei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Sima Golmakaniyoon
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani‐Najaran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology–Hematology, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
| | - Razieh Ghodsi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad Iran
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Rani A, Anand A, Kumar K, Kumar V. Recent developments in biological aspects of chalcones: the odyssey continues. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:249-288. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1573812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India
| | - Kewal Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Synthesis of Novel Shikonin Derivatives and Pharmacological Effects of Cyclopropylacetylshikonin on Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112820. [PMID: 30380765 PMCID: PMC6278577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite much research in the last centuries, treatment of malignant melanoma is still challenging because of its mostly unnoticeable metastatic spreading and aggressive growth rate. Therefore, the discovery of novel drug leads is an important goal. In a previous study, we have isolated several shikonin derivatives from the roots of Onosma paniculata Bureau & Franchet (Boraginaceae) which evolved as promising anticancer candidates. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (1) was the most cytotoxic derivative and exhibited strong tumor growth inhibitory activity, in particular, towards melanoma cells. In this study, we synthesized eighteen novel shikonin derivatives in order to obtain compounds which exhibit a higher cytotoxicity than 1. We investigated their cytotoxic potential against various melanoma cell lines and juvenile skin fibroblasts. The most active compound was (R)-1-(1,4-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-enyl cyclopropylacetate (cyclopropylacetylshikonin) (6). It revealed significant stronger tumor growth inhibitory activity towards two melanoma cell lines derived from metastatic lesions (WM164 and MUG-Mel2). Further investigations have shown that 6 induced apoptosis caspase-dependently, increased the protein levels of cleaved PARP, and led to double-stranded DNA breaks as shown by phosphorylation of H2AX. Cell membrane damage and cell cycle arrest were not observed.
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Gondru R, Saini R, Vaarla K, Singh S, Sirassu N, Bavantula R, Saxena AK. Synthesis and Characterization of Chalcone-Pyridinium Hybrids as Potential Anti-Cancer and Anti-Microbial Agents. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Gondru
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Warangal- 506004, Telangana State India, Tel.: 0091-0870-2459445
| | - Ratni Saini
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute-Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh- 226031 India
| | - Krishnaiah Vaarla
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Warangal- 506004, Telangana State India, Tel.: 0091-0870-2459445
| | - Sarika Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute-Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh- 226031 India
| | - Narsimha Sirassu
- Department of Chemistry; Kakatiya University; Warangal- 506009, Telangana State India
| | - Rajitha Bavantula
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Warangal- 506004, Telangana State India, Tel.: 0091-0870-2459445
| | - Anil K. Saxena
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute-Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh- 226031 India
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Qiu HY, Wang PF, Lin HY, Tang CY, Zhu HL, Yang YH. Naphthoquinones: A continuing source for discovery of therapeutic antineoplastic agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:681-690. [PMID: 29130595 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring naphthoquinones, usually in forms of botanical extracts, have been implicated with human life since ancient time, far earlier than their isolation and identification in modern era. The long use history of naphthoquinones has witnessed their functional shift from the original purposes as dyes and ornaments toward medicinal benefits. Hitherto, numerous studies have been carried out to elucidate the pharmacological profile of both natural and artificial naphthoquinones. A number of entities have been identified with promising therapeutic potential. Apart from the traditional effects of wound healing, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antifertility, insecticidal and antimicrobial, etc., the anticancer potential of naphthoquinones either in combination with other treatment approaches or on their own is being more and more realized. The molecular mechanisms of naphthoquinones in cells mainly fall into two categories as inducing oxidant stress by ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation and directly interacting with traditional therapeutic targets in a non-oxidant mechanism. Based on this knowledge, optimized agents with naphthoquinones scaffold have been acquired and further tested. Hereby, we summarize the explored biological mechanisms of naphthoquinones in cells and review the application perspective of promising naphthoquinones in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Chen G, Zhou D, Li XZ, Jiang Z, Tan C, Wei XY, Ling J, Jing J, Liu F, Li N. A natural chalcone induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells: 3D-QSAR, docking and an in vivo/vitro assay. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10729. [PMID: 28878321 PMCID: PMC5587747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to study the antitumor effect of lonchocarpin (34) from traditional herbal medicine Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre and to reveal the underlying mechanism. The cytotoxic activities of lonchocarpin were evaluated in 10 lung cancer cell lines and it exhibited 97.5% activity at a dose of 100 μM in the H292 cell line. A field-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study of 37 flavonoids from P. pinnata was also performed, and the results obtained showed that the hydrophobic interaction could be the crucial factor for the antitumor activity of lonchocarpin. Molecular docking studies revealed that lonchocarpin bound stably to the BH3-binding groove of the Bcl-2 protein with hydrophobic interactions with ALA146. Also, lonchocarpin significantly reduced cell proliferation via modulating Bax/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 pathway. An apoptotic test using flow cytometry showed that lonchocarpin produced about 41.1% and 47.9% apoptosis after treatment for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Moreover, lonchocarpin inhibited tumor growth in S180-bearing mice with an inhibition rate of 57.94, 63.40 and 72.51%, respectively at a dose of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. These results suggest that lonchocarpin is a potentially useful natural agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xue-Zheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Chengyu Tan
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Junhong Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing Jing
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Fen Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
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Synthesis and pharmacological properties of chalcones: a review. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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