1
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Fan G, Liu L, Ye J, Xiao W, Xiong XF. Design, synthesis and evaluation of quinazoline derivatives as Gαq/11 proteins inhibitors against uveal melanoma. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107005. [PMID: 38043397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) represents the predominant ocular malignancy among adults, exhibiting high malignancy and proclivity for liver metastasis. GNAQ and GNA11 encoding Gαq and Gα11 proteins are key genes to drive UM, making the selective inhibition of Gαq/11 proteins to be a potential therapeutic approach for combating UM. In this study, forty-six quinazoline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their ability to inhibit Gαq/11 proteins and UM cells. Compound F33 emerged as the most favorable candidate, and displayed moderate inhibitory activity against Gαq/11 proteins (IC50 = 9.4 μM) and two UM cell lines MP41 (IC50 = 6.7 μM) and 92.1 (IC50 = 3.7 μM). Being a small molecule inhibitor of Gαq/11 proteins, F33 could effectively suppress the activation of downstream signaling pathways in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly inhibits UM in vitro.F33 represents a promising lead compound for developing therapeutics for UM by targeting Gαq/11 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jia Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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2
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Hanke W, Alenfelder J, Liu J, Gutbrod P, Kehraus S, Crüsemann M, Dörmann P, Kostenis E, Scholz M, König GM. The Bacterial G q Signal Transduction Inhibitor FR900359 Impairs Soil-Associated Nematodes. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:549-569. [PMID: 37453001 PMCID: PMC10725363 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) is derived from the soil bacterium Chromobacterium vaccinii and known to bind Gq proteins of mammals and insects, thereby abolishing the signal transduction of their Gq protein-coupled receptors, a process that leads to severe physiological consequences. Due to their highly conserved structure, Gq family of proteins are a superior ecological target for FR producing organisms, resulting in a defense towards a broad range of harmful organisms. Here, we focus on the question whether bacteria like C. vaccinii are important factors in soil in that their secondary metabolites impair, e.g., plant harming organisms like nematodes. We prove that the Gq inhibitor FR is produced under soil-like conditions. Furthermore, FR inhibits heterologously expressed Gαq proteins of the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterodera schachtii in the micromolar range. Additionally, in vivo experiments with C. elegans and the plant parasitic cyst nematode H. schachtii demonstrated that FR reduces locomotion of C. elegans and H. schachtii. Finally, egg-laying of C. elegans and hatching of juvenile stage 2 of H. schachtii from its cysts is inhibited by FR, suggesting that FR might reduce nematode dispersion and proliferation. This study supports the idea that C. vaccinii and its excreted metabolome in the soil might contribute to an ecological equilibrium, maintaining and establishing the successful growth of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Hanke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Alenfelder
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jun Liu
- Neural Information Flow, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - CAESAR, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Gutbrod
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
- Bonn International Graduate School - Land and Food, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 9, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Crüsemann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Scholz
- Neural Information Flow, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - CAESAR, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
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3
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Voss JH, Crüsemann M, Bartling CR, Kehraus S, Inoue A, König GM, Strømgaard K, Müller CE. Structure-affinity and structure-residence time relationships of macrocyclic Gα q protein inhibitors. iScience 2023; 26:106492. [PMID: 37091255 PMCID: PMC10119753 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrocyclic depsipeptides YM-254890 (YM) and FR900359 (FR) are potent inhibitors of Gαq/11 proteins. They are important pharmacological tools and have potential as therapeutic drugs. The hydrogenated, tritium-labeled YM and FR derivatives display largely different residence times despite similar structures. In the present study we established a competition-association binding assay to determine the dissociation kinetics of unlabeled Gq protein inhibitors. Structure-affinity and structure-residence time relationships were analyzed. Small structural modifications had a large impact on residence time. YM and FR exhibited 4- to 10-fold higher residence times than their hydrogenated derivatives. While FR showed pseudo-irreversible binding, YM displayed much faster dissociation from its target. The isopropyl anchor present in FR and some derivatives was essential for slow dissociation. These data provide a basis for future drug design toward modulating residence times of macrocyclic Gq protein inhibitors, which has been recognized as a crucial determinant for therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H. Voss
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Crüsemann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian R.O. Bartling
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Center for Biopharmaceuticals, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Gabriele M. König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Center for Biopharmaceuticals, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Corresponding author
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4
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Mamedova E, Dmytriyeva O, Rekling JC. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone induces Ca 2+ increase in a subset of vagal nodose ganglion neurons. Neuropeptides 2022; 94:102261. [PMID: 35704969 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) plays a central role in metabolic homeostasis, and single-cell sequencing has recently demonstrated that vagal sensory neurons in the nodose ganglion express thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (TRHR1). Here, in situ hybridization validated the presence of TRHR1 in nodose ganglion (NG) neurons and immunohistochemistry showed that the receptor is expressed at the protein level. However, it has yet to be demonstrated whether TRHR1 is functionally active in NG neurons. Using NG explants transduced with a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator (GECI), we show that TRH increases Ca2+ in a subset of NG neurons. TRH-induced Ca2+ transients were briefer compared to those induced by CCK-8, 2-Me-5-HT and ATP. Blocking Na+ channels with TTX or Na+ substitution did not affect the TRH-induced Ca2+ increase, but blocking Gq signaling with YM-254890 abolished the TRH-induced response. Field potential recordings from the vagus nerve in vitro showed an increase in response to TRH, suggesting that TRH signaling produces action potentials in NG neurons. These observations indicate that TRH activates a small group of NG neurons, involving Gq pathways, and we hypothesize that these neurons may play a role in gut-brain signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmira Mamedova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Panum - 24.4, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens C Rekling
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Panum - 24.4, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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GNAQ and GNA11 Genes: A Comprehensive Review on Oncogenesis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Opportunities in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133066. [PMID: 35804836 PMCID: PMC9264989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The GNAQ and GNA11 genes are mutated in almost 80–90% of uveal melanomas in a mutually exclusive pattern. These genes encode the alpha subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins, Gq and G11; thus, mutations of these genes result in the activation of several important signaling pathways, including phospholipase C, and activation of the transcription factor YAP. It is well known that both of them act as driver genes in the oncogenic process and it has been assumed that they do not play a role in the prognosis of these tumours. However, it has been hypothesised that mutations in these genes could give rise to molecularly and clinically distinct types of uveal melanomas. It has also been questioned whether the type and location of mutation in the GNAQ and GNA11 genes may affect the progression of these tumours. All of these questions, except for their implications in carcinogenesis, remain controversial. Uveal melanoma has a distinctive genetic profile, and specific recurrent mutations, which make it a potential candidate for treatment with targeted therapy. Given that the most frequent mutations are those observed in the GNAQ and GNA11 genes, and that both genes are involved in oncogenesis, these molecules, as well as the downstream signalling pathways in which they are involved, have been proposed as promising potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, in this review, special attention is paid to the current data related to the possible prognostic implications of both genes from different perspectives, as well as the therapeutic options targeting them.
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6
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Lapadula D, Benovic JL. Targeting Oncogenic Gα q/11 in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6195. [PMID: 34944815 PMCID: PMC8699590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular cancer in adults and arises from the transformation of melanocytes in the uveal tract. While treatment of the primary tumor is often effective, 36-50% of patients develop metastatic disease primarily to the liver. While various strategies have been used to treat the metastatic disease, there remain no effective treatments that improve survival. Significant insight has been gained into the pathways that are altered in uveal melanoma, with mutually exclusive activating mutations in the GNAQ and GNA11 genes being found in over 90% of patients. These genes encode the alpha subunits of the hetetrotrimeric G proteins, Gq and G11, and mutations result in activation of several important signaling pathways, including phospholipase C and activation of the transcription factor YAP. In this review, we discuss current efforts to target various signaling pathways in the treatment of uveal melanoma including recent efforts to target Gq and G11 in mouse models. While selective targeting of Gq and G11 provides a potential therapeutic strategy to treat uveal melanoma, it is evident that improved inhibitors and methods of delivery are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L. Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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7
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Pistorius D, Buntin K, Weber E, Richard E, Bouquet C, Wollbrett S, Regenass H, Peón V, Böhm M, Kessler R, Gempeler T, Haberkorn A, Wimmer L, Lanshoeft C, Davis J, Hainzl D, D'Alessio JA, Manchado E, Petersen F. Promoter-Driven Overexpression in Chromobacterium vaccinii Facilitates Access to FR900359 and Yields Novel Low Abundance Analogs. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103888. [PMID: 34878202 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Access to the cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR), a selective Gq/11 protein inhibitor of high pharmacological interest and a potential lead molecule for targeted therapy of cancers with oncogenic GNAQ or GNA11 mutations (encoding Gq and G11 respectively), has been challenging ever since its initial discovery more than three decades ago. The recent discovery of Chromobacterium vaccinii as a cultivable FR producer enables the development of approaches leading to a high-yielding, scalable and sustainable biotechnological process for production of FR, thereby removing this bottleneck. Here we characterize different promoters in exchange of the native promoter of the FR assembly line, resulting in an overexpression mutant with significantly increased production of FR. Thereby, the isolation and structure elucidation of novel FR analogs of low abundance is enabled. Further, we explore the antiproliferative activities of fifteen chromodepsins against uveal melanoma cell lines harboring Gq/11 mutations and characterize the major metabolite of FR formed in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Pistorius
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Buntin
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Weber
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Richard
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Bouquet
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Séverine Wollbrett
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Regenass
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victor Peón
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Böhm
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Régis Kessler
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gempeler
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Haberkorn
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurin Wimmer
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Technical Research & Development, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lanshoeft
- Pharmakokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Davis
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dominik Hainzl
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Anthony D'Alessio
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eusebio Manchado
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Petersen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Seedor RS, Orloff M, Sato T. Genetic Landscape and Emerging Therapies in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5503. [PMID: 34771666 PMCID: PMC8582814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite successful treatment of primary uveal melanoma, up to 50% of patients will develop systemic metastasis. Metastatic disease portends a poor outcome, and no adjuvant or metastatic therapy has been FDA approved. The genetic landscape of uveal melanoma is unique, providing prognostic and potentially therapeutic insight. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic mutations in uveal melanoma, and the importance of obtaining such information. Most of our knowledge is based on primary uveal melanoma and a better understanding of the mutational landscape in metastatic uveal melanoma is needed. Clinical trials targeting certain mutations such as GNAQ/GNA11, BAP1, and SF3B1 are ongoing and promising. We also discuss the role of liquid biopsies in uveal melanoma in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino S. Seedor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (M.O.); (T.S.)
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Ge Y, Shi S, Deng JJ, Chen XP, Song Z, Liu L, Lou L, Zhang X, Xiong XF. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Small Molecule Gαq/11 Protein Inhibitors for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3131-3152. [PMID: 33715360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the ocular malignancy and mainly driven by oncogenic mutations of Gαq/11 proteins. Previous targeted therapy for melanoma treatment was limited to specific downstream signaling pathway, and inhibiting the "molecular switches" G proteins for melanoma treatment therapy was rarely described. We herein report the discovery of imidazopiperazine derivatives as Gαq/11 protein inhibitors. The most promising compound GQ127 showed good efficacy and safety in inositol monophosphate (IP1) assay by directly inhibiting Gαq/11 proteins. GQ127 induced uveal melanoma cells apoptosis and displayed potent antitumor activities in uveal melanoma cells viability, migration, and invasion. The effects of GQ127 on Gαq/11 signaling pathway were confirmed by analyzing the downstream effectors yes-associated protein (YAP) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). More importantly, GQ127 significantly suppressed UM xenograft growth in mouse model without severe toxicity at the testing dose. These findings provide a lead compound that directly targets the Gαq/11 proteins for uveal melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ge
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Lou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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10
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Schlegel JG, Tahoun M, Seidinger A, Voss JH, Kuschak M, Kehraus S, Schneider M, Matthey M, Fleischmann BK, König GM, Wenzel D, Müller CE. Macrocyclic Gq Protein Inhibitors FR900359 and/or YM-254890-Fit for Translation? ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:888-897. [PMID: 33860209 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) transduce extracellular signals received by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular signaling cascades. While GPCRs represent the largest class of drug targets, G protein inhibition has only recently been recognized as a novel strategy for treating complex diseases such as asthma, inflammation, and cancer. The structurally similar macrocyclic depsipeptides FR900359 (FR) and YM-254890 (YM) are potent selective inhibitors of the Gq subfamily of G proteins. FR and YM differ in two positions, FR being more lipophilic than YM. Both compounds are utilized as pharmacological tools to block Gq proteins in vitro and in vivo. However, no detailed characterization of FR and YM has been performed, which is a prerequisite for the compounds' translation into clinical application. Here, we performed a thorough study of both compounds' physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacological properties. Chemical stability was high across a large range of pH values, with FR being somewhat more stable than YM. Oral bioavailability and brain penetration of both depsipeptides were low. FR showed lower plasma protein binding and was metabolized significantly faster than YM by human and mouse liver microsomes. FR accumulated in lung after chronic intratracheal or intraperitoneal application, while YM was more distributed to other organs. Most strikingly, the previously observed longer residence time of FR resulted in a significantly prolonged pharmacologic effect as compared to YM in a methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction mouse model. These results prove that changes within a molecule which seem marginal compared to its structural complexity can lead to crucial pharmacological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Schlegel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariam Tahoun
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Seidinger
- Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan H Voss
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Kuschak
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marion Schneider
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Matthey
- Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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11
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Hermes C, Richarz R, Wirtz DA, Patt J, Hanke W, Kehraus S, Voß JH, Küppers J, Ohbayashi T, Namasivayam V, Alenfelder J, Inoue A, Mergaert P, Gütschow M, Müller CE, Kostenis E, König GM, Crüsemann M. Thioesterase-mediated side chain transesterification generates potent Gq signaling inhibitor FR900359. Nat Commun 2021; 12:144. [PMID: 33420046 PMCID: PMC7794379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent and selective Gq protein inhibitor depsipeptide FR900359 (FR), originally discovered as the product of an uncultivable plant endosymbiont, is synthesized by a complex biosynthetic system comprising two nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly lines. Here we characterize a cultivable bacterial FR producer, enabling detailed investigations into biosynthesis and attachment of the functionally important FR side chain. We reconstitute side chain assembly by the monomodular NRPS FrsA and the non-heme monooxygenase FrsH, and characterize intermolecular side chain transesterification to the final macrocyclic intermediate FR-Core, mediated by the FrsA thioesterase domain. We harness FrsA substrate promiscuity to generate FR analogs with altered side chains and demonstrate indispensability of the FR side chain for efficient Gq inhibition by comparative bioactivity, toxicity and docking studies. Finally, evolution of FR and side chain biosynthesis is discussed based on bioinformatics analyses. Side chain transesterification boosts potency and target affinity of selective Gq inhibitor natural products. FR900359 (FR) is a Gq protein inhibitor depsipeptide isolated from an uncultivable plant endosymbiont and synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Here, the authors discover a cultivable bacterial FR producer and show that FrsA thioesterase domain catalyses intermolecular transesterification of the FR side chain to the depsipeptide core during biosynthesis, improving Gq inhibition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Hermes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - René Richarz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel A Wirtz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Patt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hanke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Voß
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jim Küppers
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tsubasa Ohbayashi
- University of Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.,Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Alenfelder
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Peter Mergaert
- University of Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Crüsemann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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12
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Editorial to Special Issue-"Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of Natural Products". Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020250. [PMID: 33418945 PMCID: PMC7825126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The topic of structure-activity-relationships (SAR) has recently drawn a lot of attention, and there is increasing interest in natural products (NPs) as a "source of inspiration" for the discovery of new lead compounds [...].
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13
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Mallone F, Sacchetti M, Lambiase A, Moramarco A. Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2761. [PMID: 32992823 PMCID: PMC7600598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer. In recent decades, major advances have been achieved in the diagnosis and prognosis of UM allowing for tailored treatments. However, nearly 50% of patients still develop metastatic disease with survival rates of less than 1 year. There is currently no standard of adjuvant and metastatic treatment in UM, and available therapies are ineffective resulting from cutaneous melanoma protocols. Advances and novel treatment options including liver-directed therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted-therapy have been investigated in UM-dedicated clinical trials on single compounds or combinational therapies, with promising results. Therapies aimed at prolonging or targeting metastatic tumor dormancy provided encouraging results in other cancers, and need to be explored in UM. In this review, the latest progress in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of UM in adjuvant and metastatic settings are discussed. In addition, novel insights into tumor genetics, biology and immunology, and the mechanisms underlying metastatic dormancy are discussed. As evident from the numerous studies discussed in this review, the increasing knowledge of this disease and the promising results from testing of novel individualized therapies could offer future perspectives for translating in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
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14
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Boesgaard MW, Harpsøe K, Malmberg M, Underwood CR, Inoue A, Mathiesen JM, König GM, Kostenis E, Gloriam DE, Bräuner-Osborne H. Delineation of molecular determinants for FR900359 inhibition of G q/11 unlocks inhibition of Gα s. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13850-13861. [PMID: 32753482 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are essential mediators of intracellular signaling of G protein-coupled receptors. The Gq/11 subfamily consists of Gq, G11, G14, and G16 proteins, of which all but G16 are inhibited by the structurally related natural products YM-254890 and FR900359. These inhibitors act by preventing the GDP/GTP exchange, which is necessary for activation of all G proteins. A homologous putative binding site for YM-254890/FR900359 can also be found in members of the other three G protein families, Gs, Gi/o, and G12/13, but none of the published analogs of YM-254890/FR900359 have shown any inhibitory activity for any of these. To explain why the YM-254890/FR900359 scaffold only inhibits Gq/11/14, the present study delineated the molecular selectivity determinants by exchanging amino acid residues in the YM-254890/FR900359-binding site in Gq and Gs We found that the activity of a Gs mutant with a Gq-like binding site for YM-254890/FR900359 can be inhibited by FR900359, and a minimum of three mutations are necessary to introduce inhibition in Gs In all, this suggests that although the YM-254890/FR900359 scaffold has proven unsuccessful to derive Gs, Gi/o, and G12/13 inhibitors, the mechanism of inhibition between families of G proteins is conserved, opening up the possibility of targeting by other, novel inhibitor scaffolds. In lack of a selective Gαs inhibitor, FR900359-sensitive Gαs mutants may prove useful in studies where delicate control over Gαs signaling would be of the essence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Boesgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Harpsøe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle Malmberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina R Underwood
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jesper M Mathiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Kuschak M, Namasivayam V, Rafehi M, Voss JH, Garg J, Schlegel JG, Abdelrahman A, Kehraus S, Reher R, Küppers J, Sylvester K, Hinz S, Matthey M, Wenzel D, Fleischmann BK, Pfeifer A, Inoue A, Gütschow M, König GM, Müller CE. Cell-permeable high-affinity tracers for G q proteins provide structural insights, reveal distinct binding kinetics and identify small molecule inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1898-1916. [PMID: 31881095 PMCID: PMC7070167 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose G proteins are intracellular switches that transduce and amplify extracellular signals from GPCRs. The Gq protein subtypes, which are coupled to PLC activation, can act as oncogenes, and their expression was reported to be up‐regulated in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Gq inhibition may be an efficient therapeutic strategy constituting a new level of intervention. However, diagnostic tools and therapeutic drugs for Gq proteins are lacking. Experimental Approach We have now developed Gq‐specific, cell‐permeable 3H‐labelled high‐affinity probes based on the macrocyclic depsipeptides FR900359 (FR) and YM‐254890 (YM). The tracers served to specifically label and quantify Gq proteins in their native conformation in cells and tissues with high accuracy. Key Results FR and YM displayed low nanomolar affinity for Gαq, Gα11 and Gα14 expressed in CRISPR/Cas9 Gαq‐knockout cells, but not for Gα15. The two structurally very similar tracers showed strikingly different dissociation kinetics, which is predicted to result in divergent biological effects. Computational studies suggested a “dowel” effect of the pseudoirreversibly binding FR. A high‐throughput binding assay led to the discovery of novel Gq inhibitors, which inhibited Gq signalling in recombinant cells and primary murine brown adipocytes, resulting in enhanced differentiation. Conclusions and Implications The Gq protein inhibitors YM and FR are pharmacologically different despite similar structures. The new versatile tools and powerful assays will contribute to the advancement of the rising field of G protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kuschak
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan H Voss
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaspal Garg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan G Schlegel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raphael Reher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jim Küppers
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Matthey
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michael Gütschow
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Li J, Ge Y, Huang JX, Strømgaard K, Zhang X, Xiong XF. Heterotrimeric G Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2019; 63:5013-5030. [PMID: 31841625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are molecular switches in GPCR signaling pathways and regulate a plethora of physiological and pathological processes. GPCRs are efficient drug targets, and more than 30% of the drugs in use target them. However, selectively targeting an individual GPCR may be undesirable in various multifactorial diseases in which multiple receptors are involved. In addition, abnormal activation or expression of G proteins is frequently associated with diseases. Furthermore, G proteins harboring mutations often result in malignant diseases. Thus, targeting G proteins instead of GPCRs might provide alternative approaches for combating these diseases. In this review, we discuss the biochemistry of heterotrimeric G proteins, describe the G protein-associated diseases, and summarize the currently known modulators that can regulate the activities of G proteins. The outlook for targeting G proteins to treat diverse diseases is also included in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ge
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Xiang Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang H, Nielsen AL, Strømgaard K. Recent achievements in developing selective Gqinhibitors. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:135-157. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co‐innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou Henan China
| | - Alexander L. Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Center for BiopharmaceuticalsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Center for BiopharmaceuticalsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen Denmark
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18
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Croce M, Ferrini S, Pfeffer U, Gangemi R. Targeted Therapy of Uveal Melanoma: Recent Failures and New Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E846. [PMID: 31216772 PMCID: PMC6628160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among Uveal Melanoma (UM) driver mutations, those involving GNAQ or GNA11 genes are the most frequent, while a minor fraction of tumors bears mutations in the PLCB4 or CYSLTR2 genes. Direct inhibition of constitutively active oncoproteins deriving from these mutations is still in its infancy in UM, whereas BRAFV600E-targeted therapy has obtained relevant results in cutaneous melanoma. However, UM driver mutations converge on common downstream signaling pathways such as PKC/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and YAP/TAZ, which are presently considered as actionable targets. In addition, BAP1 loss, which characterizes UM metastatic progression, affects chromatin structure via histone H2A deubiquitylation that may be counteracted by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Encouraging results of preclinical studies targeting signaling molecules such as MAPK and PKC were unfortunately not confirmed in early clinical studies. Indeed, a general survey of all clinical trials applying new targeted and immune therapy to UM displayed disappointing results. This paper summarizes the most recent studies of UM-targeted therapies, analyzing the possible origins of failures. We also focus on hyperexpressed molecules involved in UM aggressiveness as potential new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Croce
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | | | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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