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Buslov I, Desmons S, Duhoo Y, Hu X. Engineered Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyases for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Aspartic Acid Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406008. [PMID: 38713131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalytic hydroamination of alkenes is an efficient and selective method to synthesize natural and unnatural amino acids. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PALs) have been previously engineered to access a range of substituted phenylalanines and heteroarylalanines, but their substrate scope remains limited, typically including only arylacrylic acids. Moreover, the enantioselectivity in the hydroamination of electron-deficient substrates is often poor. Here, we report the structure-based engineering of PAL from Planctomyces brasiliensis (PbPAL), enabling preparative-scale enantioselective hydroaminations of previously inaccessible yet synthetically useful substrates, such as amide- and ester-containing fumaric acid derivatives. Through the elucidation of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) PbPAL structure and screening of the structure-based mutagenesis library, we identified the key active site residue L205 as pivotal for dramatically enhancing the enantioselectivity of hydroamination reactions involving electron-deficient substrates. Our engineered PALs demonstrated exclusive α-regioselectivity, high enantioselectivity, and broad substrate scope. The potential utility of the developed biocatalysts was further demonstrated by a preparative-scale hydroamination yielding tert-butyl protected l-aspartic acid, widely used as intermediate in peptide solid-phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Buslov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Desmons
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yoan Duhoo
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility (PTPSP), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Kovács F, Huliák I, Árva H, Kiricsi M, Erdős D, Kocsis M, Takács G, Balogh GT, Frank É. Medicinal-Chemistry-Driven Approach to 2-Substituted Benzoxazole-Estradiol Chimeras: Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and Early ADME Profile. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300352. [PMID: 37727903 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of novel estradiol-based A-ring-fused oxazole derivatives, which can be considered as benzoxazole-steroid domain-integrated hybrids containing a common benzene structural motif, is described. The target compounds were prepared from steroidal 2-aminophenol precursors by heterocycle formation or functional group interconversion (FGI) strategies. According to 2D projection-based t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), the novel molecules were proved to represent a new chemical space among steroid drugs. They were characterized based on critical physicochemical parameters using in silico and experimental data. The performance of the compounds to inhibit cell proliferation was tested on four human cancer cell lines and non-cancerous cells. Further examinations were performed to reveal IC50 and lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) values, cancer cell selectivity, and apoptosis-triggering features. Pharmacological tests and LLE metric revealed that some derivatives, especially the 2-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)oxazole derivative exhibit strong anticancer activity and trigger the apoptosis of cancer cells with relatively low promiscuity risk similarly to the structurally most closely-related and intensively studied anticancer agent, 2-methoxy-estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Kovács
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Huliák
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hédi Árva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Erdős
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Kocsis
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Takács
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Mcule.com Kft., Bartók Béla út 105-113, 1115, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György T Balogh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. 9, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
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3
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Rassbach J, Hilsberg N, Haensch VG, Dörner S, Gressler J, Sonnabend R, Semm C, Voigt K, Hertweck C, Gressler M. Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:19. [PMID: 37670394 PMCID: PMC10478498 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungi are prolific producers of bioactive small molecules of pharmaceutical or agricultural interest. The secondary metabolism of higher fungi (Dikarya) has been well-investigated which led to > 39,000 described compounds. However, natural product researchers scarcely drew attention to early-diverging fungi (Mucoro- and Zoopagomycota) as they are considered to rarely produce secondary metabolites. Indeed, only 15 compounds have as yet been isolated from the entire phylum of the Zoopagomycota. RESULTS Here, we showcase eight species of the order Kickxellales (phylum Zoopagomycota) as potent producers of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-derived compounds lindolins A and B. The compounds are produced both under laboratory conditions and in the natural soil habitat suggesting a specialized ecological function. Indeed, lindolin A is a selective agent against plant-pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora sp. Lindolin biosynthesis was reconstituted in vitro and relies on the activity of two enzymes of dissimilar evolutionary origin: Whilst the IAA-CoA ligase LinA has evolved from fungal 4-coumaryl-CoA synthetases, the subsequently acting IAA-CoA:anthranilate N-indole-3-acetyltransferase LinB is a unique enzyme across all kingdoms of life. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on bioactive secondary metabolites in the subphylum Kickxellomycotina and the first evidence for a non-clustered, two-step biosynthetic route of secondary metabolites in early-diverging fungi. Thus, the generally accepted "gene cluster hypothesis" for natural products needs to be reconsidered for early diverging fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rassbach
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Nathalie Hilsberg
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Veit G Haensch
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dörner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Gressler
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Robin Sonnabend
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Caroline Semm
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection (JMRC), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection (JMRC), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Gressler
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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4
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Abdullah Al Awadh A. Biomedical applications of selective metal complexes of indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole: A review (From 2015 to 2022). Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101698. [PMID: 37533494 PMCID: PMC10393588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole, benzoxazole benzothiazole and benzimidazole are excellent classes of organic heterocyclic compounds. These compounds show significant application in pharmacy, industries, dyes, medicine, polymers and food packages. These compounds also form metal complexes with copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, platinum, gold, palladium chromium, silver, iron, and other metals that have shown to be significant applications. Recently, researchers have attracted enormous attention toward heterocyclic compounds such as indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and their complexes due to their excellent medicinal applications such as anti-ulcerogenic, anti-cancer, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antiparasitic, anti-obesity, antimalarial, antiglycation, antiviral potency, antineuropathic, analgesic antioxidant, antihistaminic, and antibacterial potentials. In this article, we summarize the medicinal applications of these compounds as well as their metal complexes. We hope this article will help researchers in designing and synthesizing novel and potent compounds with significant applications in various fields.
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5
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Soni S, Sahiba N, Teli S, Teli P, Agarwal LK, Agarwal S. Advances in the synthetic strategies of benzoxazoles using 2-aminophenol as a precursor: an up-to-date review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24093-24111. [PMID: 37577091 PMCID: PMC10416314 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03871h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzoxazole is a resourceful and important member of the heteroarenes that connects synthetic organic chemistry to medicinal, pharmaceutical, and industrial areas. It is a bicyclic planar molecule and is the most favorable moiety for researchers because it has been extensively used as a starting material for different mechanistic approaches in drug discovery. The motif exhibits a high possibility of broad substrate scope and functionalization to offer several biological activities like anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and so on. There has been a large upsurge in the synthesis of benzoxazole via different pathways. The present article presents recent advances in synthetic strategies for benzoxazole derivatives since 2018. A variety of well-organized synthetic methodologies for benzoxazole using 2-aminophenol with aldehydes, ketones, acids, alcohols, isothiocyanates, ortho-esters, and alkynones under different reaction conditions and catalysts, viz. nanocatalysts, metal catalysts, and ionic liquid catalysts, with other miscellaneous techniques has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Soni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU Udaipur-313001 Rajasthan India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU Udaipur-313001 Rajasthan India
| | - Sunita Teli
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU Udaipur-313001 Rajasthan India
| | - Pankaj Teli
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU Udaipur-313001 Rajasthan India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU Udaipur-313001 Rajasthan India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, MLSU Udaipur-313001 Rajasthan India
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6
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Erdönmez B, Altıntop MD, Akalın Çiftçi G, Özdemir A, Ece A. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a New Series of Hydrazones as Small-Molecule Akt Inhibitors for NSCLC Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20056-20065. [PMID: 37305321 PMCID: PMC10249096 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In an endeavor to identify small molecules for the management of non-small-cell lung carcinoma, 10 new hydrazone derivatives (3a-j) were synthesized. MTT test was conducted to examine their cytotoxic activities against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (L929) cells. Compounds 3a, 3e, 3g, and 3i were determined as selective antitumor agents on A549 cell line. Further studies were conducted to figure out their mode of action. Compounds 3a and 3g markedly induced apoptosis in A549 cells. However, both compounds did not show any significant inhibitory effect on Akt. On the other hand, in vitro experiments suggest that compounds 3e and 3i are potential anti-NSCLC agents acting through Akt inhibition. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed a unique binding mode for compound 3i (the strongest Akt inhibitor in this series), which interacts with both hinge region and acidic pocket of Akt2. However, it is understood that compounds 3a and 3g exert their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on A549 cells via different pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Erdönmez
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehlika Dilek Altıntop
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akalın Çiftçi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu
University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özdemir
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Abdulilah Ece
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Zaib M, Malik MNH, Shabbir R, Mushtaq MN, Younis W, Jahan S, Ahmed I, Kharl HAA. Imine Derivatives of Benzoxazole Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Modulation of Lipid-Regulating Genes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15306-15317. [PMID: 37151544 PMCID: PMC10157695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Hyperlipidemia being the prominent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and side effects associated with the current lipid-lowering drugs have attracted the interest of scientists in the quest for new alternatives. In view of the diverse pharmacological potentials of benzoxazole (BZX) compounds, this study was designed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of imine derivatives of BZX in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Methods: Hyperlipidemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by using HFD for 28 days. On the 28th day, blood samples were collected, and animals having serum triglycerides (TG) greater than 400 mg/dL and total cholesterol (TC) greater than 280 mg/dL were selected for further study. Hyperlipidemic rats were daily treated with either a vehicle or simvastatin (SIM; 20 mg/kg) or BZX compounds (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg), for 12 consecutive days. After the specified time duration, hyperlipidemic biomarkers were evaluated in the blood samples of sacrificed rats. Liver samples were collected for histopathological and mRNA analyses. Binding affinities of BZX derivatives with different targets were assessed by molecular docking. Results: The present study revealed that the BZX derivatives dose-dependently reduced the serum levels of TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein along with improvement in high-density lipoprotein levels. Similarly, all the compounds reduced HFD-induced alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels except BZX-4. Histopathology of liver samples demonstrated mild to moderate fatty changes upon treatment with BZX-1, BZX-2, and BZX-4. The hepatic architecture of the BZX-3-treated samples was close to normal, and only mild inflammation was witnessed in these samples. Moreover, all the compounds significantly increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, indicating their antioxidant potentials. Gene expression data showed that BZX-1 and BZX-3 reduced lipid levels by inhibiting HMGCR, APOB, PCSK9, SRB1, and VCAM1 and via improving PPAR-α and APOE mRNA levels. BZX-2 demonstrated its antihyperlipidemic effects mainly due to inhibition of APOB, while BZX-4-mediated effects appeared to be due to attenuation of APOB, PCSK9, and SRB1. BZX derivatives displayed strong binding affinities with HMGCR, APOB, and VCAM1, which suggested that some of the interactions might be required for inhibition of these target proteins. Conclusions: Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that BZX derivatives exert their antihyperlipidemic effects via modulation of multiple lipid-regulating genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zaib
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasir Hayat Malik
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- ; . Tel: +92 334
846 640 7
| | - Ramla Shabbir
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Younis
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department
of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department
of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Aamir Ali Kharl
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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8
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Dey S, Ghosh P. Accessing Heteroannular Benzoxazole and Benzimidazole Scaffolds via Carbodiimides Using Azide-Isocyanide Cross-Coupling as Catalyzed by Mesoionic Singlet Palladium Carbene Complexes Derived from a Phenothiazine Moiety. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11039-11064. [PMID: 37008148 PMCID: PMC10061513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of aryl and aliphatic azides with isocyanides yielding carbodiimides (8-17) were efficiently catalyzed by well-defined structurally characterized trans-(MIC)PdI2(L) [MIC = 1-CH2Ph-3-Me-4-(CH2N(C6H4)2S)-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene, L = NC5H5 (4), MesNC (5)], trans-(MIC)2PdI2 (6), and cis-(MIC)Pd(PPh3)I2 (7) type palladium complexes, which incidentally mark the first instances of the use of mesoionic singlet palladium carbene complexes for the said application. As observed from the product yields, the catalytic activity varied in the order 4 > 5 ∼ 6 > 7 for these complexes. A detailed mechanistic studies indicated that the catalysis proceeded via a palladium(0) (4a-7 a) species. Using a representative palladium precatalyst (4), the azide-isocyanide coupling was successfully extended to synthesizing two different bioactive heteroannular benzoxazole (18-22) and benzimidazole (23-27) derivatives, thereby broadening the scope of the catalytic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyata Dey
- Department
of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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9
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Winand L, Lernoud L, Meyners SA, Kuhr K, Hiller W, Nett M. Myxococcus xanthus as Host for the Production of Benzoxazoles. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200635. [PMID: 36484355 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazoles are important structural motifs in pharmaceutical drugs. Here, we present the heterologous production of 3-hydroxyanthranilate-derived benzoxazoles in the host bacterium Myxococcus xanthus following the expression of two genes from the nataxazole biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces sp. Tü 6176. The M. xanthus expression strain achieved a benzoxazole titer of 114.6±7.4 mg L-1 upon precursor supplementation, which is superior to other bacterial production systems. Crosstalk between the heterologously expressed benzoxazole pathway and the endogenous myxochelin pathway led to the combinatorial biosynthesis of benzoxazoles featuring a 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) building block. Subsequent in vitro studies confirmed that this crosstalk is not only due to the availability of 2,3-DHBA in M. xanthus, rather, it is promoted by the adenylating enzyme MxcE from the myxochelin pathway, which contributes to the activation of aryl carboxylic acids and delivers them to benzoxazole biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Winand
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Technical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lucia Lernoud
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Technical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Saskia Anna Meyners
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Technical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katharina Kuhr
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Technical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, NMR Laboratory, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Nett
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Technical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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10
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Khodykina ES, Steglenko DV, Vetrova EV, Pugachev AD, Galkina MS, Borodkina IG, Lesin AV, Demidov OP, Metelitsa AV, Kolodina AA. Intramolecular Cyclization of the
ortho
‐Substituted
N
‐arylquinone Imines under Basic and Thermal Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia S. Khodykina
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki St. Rostov on Don 344090 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Steglenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki St. Rostov on Don 344090 Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Vetrova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki St. Rostov on Don 344090 Russian Federation
| | - Artem D. Pugachev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki St. Rostov on Don 344090 Russian Federation
| | - Maria S. Galkina
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki St. Rostov on Don 344090 Russian Federation
| | - Inna G. Borodkina
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki St. Rostov on Don 344090 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Lesin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki St. Rostov on Don 344090 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg P. Demidov
- Department of Chemistry of the Institutes of Mathematics and Natural Sciences North Caucasus Federal University 1a Pushkina St. Stavropol 355009 Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly V. Metelitsa
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki St. Rostov on Don 344090 Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra A. Kolodina
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry Southern Federal University 194/2 Stachki St. Rostov on Don 344090 Russian Federation
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Genomics-Driven Discovery of Benzoxazole Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Micromonospora sp. SCSIO 07395. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020821. [PMID: 36677886 PMCID: PMC9864271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazole alkaloids exhibit a diverse array of structures and interesting biological activities. Herein we report the identification of a benzoxazole alkaloid-encoding biosynthetic gene cluster (mich BGC) in the marine-derived actinomycete Micromonospora sp. SCSIO 07395 and the heterologous expression of this BGC in Streptomyces albus. This approach led to the discovery of five new benzoxazole alkaloids microechmycin A-E (1-5), and a previously synthesized compound 6. Their structures were elucidated by HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR data. Microechmycin A (1) showed moderate antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus SCSIO ML01 with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 8 μg mL-1.
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12
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Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Fungal Evaluation of Heterocyclic Benzoxazole Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238375. [PMID: 36500467 PMCID: PMC9739801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In order to discover more promising anti-fungal agents, a series of benzoxazole family was synthesized by PPA-catalyzed condensation and a Raney nickel/hydrazine reduction. Altogether 45 compounds were obtained in good to excellent yields and characterized by FT-IR, NMR, MS, and X-ray crystal diffraction. Moreover, the biological activity against eight phytopathogenic fungi was investigated. All in all, most of these compounds bear moderate antifungal activities. Among them, three candidates show the strongest activities, compound 4ac, 4bc provided over 50% inhibition rate against five fungi. Especially, the inhibitory rate of compound 4ah on Mycosphaerella melonis reached 76.4%.
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13
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Thakral S, Rani S, Lal K, Kumar D. Synthesis and Characterization of 2‐(2‐((1‐Aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)benzoxazoles: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Thakral
- Department of Chemistry Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar 125001 Haryana India
| | - Suman Rani
- Department of Chemistry Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar 125001 Haryana India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar 125001 Haryana India
| | - Devinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar 125001 Haryana India
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14
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Thakral S, Kumar D, Rani S, Kataria R, Sagar P, Singhal NK. 2′-Aryl-2,5′-bibenzoxazoles: Synthesis, crystal structure and evaluation of cytotoxicity against cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Horch T, Molloy EM, Bredy F, Haensch VG, Scherlach K, Dunbar KL, Franke J, Hertweck C. Alternative Benzoxazole Assembly Discovered in Anaerobic Bacteria Provides Access to Privileged Heterocyclic Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205409. [PMID: 35656913 PMCID: PMC9400959 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazole scaffolds feature prominently in diverse synthetic and natural product‐derived pharmaceuticals. Our understanding of their bacterial biosynthesis is, however, limited to ortho‐substituted heterocycles from actinomycetes. We report an overlooked biosynthetic pathway in anaerobic bacteria (typified in Clostridium cavendishii) that expands the benzoxazole chemical space to meta‐substituted heterocycles and heralds a distribution beyond Actinobacteria. The first benzoxazoles from the anaerobic realm (closoxazole A and B) were elucidated by NMR and chemical synthesis. By genome editing in the native producer, heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, and systematic pathway dissection we show that closoxazole biosynthesis invokes an unprecedented precursor usage (3‐amino‐4‐hydroxybenzoate) and manner of assembly. Synthetic utility was demonstrated by the precursor‐directed biosynthesis of a tafamidis analogue. A bioinformatic survey reveals the pervasiveness of related gene clusters in diverse bacterial phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Horch
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Florian Bredy
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Veit G. Haensch
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jonathan Franke
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Deptartment of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena 07743 Jena Germany
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16
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Gangadhar M, Ramesh V, Prasad VS, Adiyala PR. Silver Ions Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Inactive β-C(sp 3)-H Bond Arylation in Batch and Continuous-Flow Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9607-9618. [PMID: 35833382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium(II)-catalyzed protocol for inactive β-C(sp3)-H bond functionalization has been first accomplished. The reaction proceeds through five-membered carbocycles for the formation of C-C bonds via the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) cycle. This reaction was carried out with various aryl iodides and benzothiazoles/benzoxazoles/benzimidazoles, which were well-tolerated in this reaction and successfully generated β-C(sp3)-H arylated products. Further implementation of this batch protocol to continuous flow by utilizing a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) capillary reactor enhanced the reaction efficiency and decreased the reaction time (18.4 min) as compared to batch conditions (8 h). Even on the gram scale, the process produced excellent yield with negligible diarylations. Functional group tolerance, a continuous-flow approach, and easy-to-handle reaction conditions make this inactive β-C(sp3)-H bond functionalization protocol very attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Gangadhar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vankudoth Ramesh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vadla Shiva Prasad
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Praveen Reddy Adiyala
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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17
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Yadav G, Kumar S, Kataria R, Kumar D. Phenyliodine(III) diacetate-induced regioselective synthesis of 1-(benzoxazol-2-yl)-1-alkoxynaphthalen-2(1 H)-ones from 2-(2-hydroxynaphthyl)benzoxazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2093648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Ramesh Kataria
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
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18
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Horch T, Molloy EM, Bredy F, Haensch VG, Scherlach K, Dunbar KL, Franke J, Hertweck C. Alternative Benzoxazole Assembly Discovered in Anaerobic Bacteria Provides Access to Privileged Heterocyclic Scaffold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Horch
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Evelyn M. Molloy
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Florian Bredy
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Veit G. Haensch
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kyle L. Dunbar
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jonathan Franke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection BiologyHans Knöll Institute: Leibniz-Institut fur Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie eV Hans-Knoll-Institut Biomolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Beutenbergstr. 11a 07745 Jena GERMANY
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19
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Kim D, Yoo H, Kim K, Kim D, Kim KT, Kim C, Kim JY, Moon HR, Kim M. Post-synthetic ligand cyclization in metal-organic frameworks through functional group connection with regioisomerism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5948-5951. [PMID: 35415736 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01031c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A covalent connection between two orthogonal functional groups (-NH2 and -OH) in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been developed. This post-synthetic ligand cyclization (PSLC) was successfully demonstrated to synthesize a benzoxazole-functionalized MOF from a Zr-based UiO-66-2,3-(NH2)(OH) under microwave irradiation. In contrast, the regioisomeric UiO-66-2,5-(NH2)(OH) only produces a non-cyclized formamide-functionalized MOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Haneul Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute of Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Cheoljae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
| | - Jin Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hoi Ri Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
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20
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A New Benzoxazole-Based Fluorescent Macrocyclic Chemosensor for Optical Detection of Zn2+ and Cd2+. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Benzoxazole-containing ligands find many applications both in medicinal chemistry, catalysis and fluorescence chemosensing. Benzoxazole-containing macrocycles could be therefore a good strategy to achieve stable and selective fluorescent complexes with suitable metal ions. In this work, the synthesis, binding, and photochemical properties of a new fluorescent ligand (L) are reported. L is a cyclophane macrocycle containing the 1,3-bis(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)phenyl (BBzB) fluorophore and an aliphatic tetra-amine chain to form the macrocyclic skeleton. Methods: Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric measurements, 1H NMR analysis, and DFT calculations were performed. Results: L behaves as a PET-mediated chemosensor, being emissive at 390 nm at acidic pH and non-emissive at basic pH. The chemosensor is able to detect Zn2+ and Cd2+ in an aqueous medium (acetonitrile–water, 4:1 v/v) at neutral pH through a CHEF effect upon metal ion coordination. Paramagnetic metal ions (Cu2+) and heavy atoms (Pb2+, Hg2+) resulted in a quenching of fluorescence or very low emission. Conclusions: The new cyclophane macrocycle L was revealed to be a selective PET-regulated chemosensor for Zn2+ and Cd2+ in an aqueous medium, being able to bind up to two and one metal cations, respectively. The molecule showed a shifted emission towards the visible region compared to similar systems, suggesting a co-planar conformation of the aromatic fragment upon metal coordination. All these data are supported by both experimental measurements and theoretical calculations.
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21
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Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the IL-6/STAT3 Pathway or IL-1β. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092696. [PMID: 35566047 PMCID: PMC9101866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of small molecules that inhibit inflammatory cytokines is a desirable strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Following up a previous study, we synthesized 10 novel compounds with a 2,5-diaminobenzoxazole moiety and evaluated their biological activities. Among them, compound 3e showed potent inhibitory activity on Interleukin 6 (IL-6)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling inhibition (71.5%), and 3a showed excellent inhibitory activity on Interleukin 1 (IL-1β) (92.1%). To test in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, compounds 3a and 3e were administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection after subcutaneous (SC) injection of zymosan A into the right footpad of mice. Inflammation on the footpad was reduced after administration of compounds 3a and 3e. Especially, compound 3a showed a significant ameliorative effect on zymosan-induced inflammation. From the in vivo and in vitro test results, we confirmed that our synthesized compounds are effective on the RA animal model through inhibition of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Since drugs developed with small molecule inhibitors have several advantages over biological drugs, further study on these compounds is needed for the development of potent SMI drugs on RA.
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22
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Kumar V, Dhawan S, Bala R, Girase PS, Singh P, Karpoormath R. Metal-free direct annulation of 2-aminophenols and 2-aminothiophenols with unactivated amides through transamidation: Access to polysubstituted benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Law CSW, Yeong KY. Current trends of benzothiazoles in drug discovery: a patent review (2015-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:299-315. [PMID: 34986720 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2026327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzothiazole is a bicyclic ring system composed of thiazole and benzene rings. It is present as an important pharmacophore in many marketed drugs. The notable potential of benzothiazoles as therapeutic agent for different target diseases has prompted a growing interest in benzothiazole-based drug development in recent years. AREAS COVERED This review of 55 benzothiazole-related patents, filed from 2015 to 2020, covers a wide range of pharmacological activities. These patents were collated from Google Patents and Lens search engines. The inventions were categorized and discussed based on their respective group of target diseases, including metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammation, neurodegeneration, viral diseases, bacterial infections, fibrosis and thrombosis. EXPERT OPINION Benzothiazole has shown to be a scaffold with great pharmacological importance and thus, serves as a building block for the development of derivatives having high therapeutic activity. Benzothiazole derivatives were patented for a range of therapeutic applications, with a special focus on cancer research. Several compounds have the potential to progress into the market, given that they exert both selectivity and in vivo efficacy. Others require a more thorough study to obtain adequate information on the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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24
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Aboonajmi J, Panahi F, Hosseini MA, Aberi M, Sharghi H. Iodine-catalyzed synthesis of benzoxazoles using catechols, ammonium acetate, and alkenes/alkynes/ketones via C–C and C–O bond cleavage. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20968-20972. [PMID: 35919129 PMCID: PMC9302334 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03340b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient metal-free synthesis strategy of benzoxazoles was developed via coupling catechols, ammonium acetate, and alkenes/alkynes/ketones. The developed methodology represents an operationally simple, one-pot and large-scale procedure for the preparation of benzoxazole derivatives using molecular iodine as the catalyst. A metal-free one-pot multi-component method for the efficient synthesis of 2-aryl benzoxazoles via coupling of catechols, ammonium acetate and alkenes/alkynes/ketones using an I2–DMSO catalyst system is illustrated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasem Aboonajmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Farhad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Mina Aali Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aberi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Shahid Rajaee, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hashem Sharghi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
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25
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Alter N, Link S, Heuser S. Microwave-Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzoxazoles from Nitrophenol and Carboxylic Acids. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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26
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Yuan S, Ye X, Cai J, Song Z, Tan Y, Peng Y, Ding Q. DMF-Assisted Radical Cyclization of o-Isocyanodiaryl Ethers via 1,5-Aryl Migration: Construction of 2-Arylbenzoxazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1485-1492. [PMID: 34967643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel DMF-assisted radical cyclization of o-isocyanodiaryl ethers via 1,5-aryl migration has been developed for the synthesis of a series of 2-arylbenzoxazoles by the FeCl3/TBHP/Et3N catalytic system in DMF. However, N,N-dimethylbenzo[d]thiazole-2-carboxamide and N,N-dimethylbenzo[d]selenazole-2-carboxamide were obtained from the corresponding substrate 2-isocyanophenyl p-methoxyphenyl thioether and 2-isocyanodiphenyl selenoether under the same conditions. A possible mechanism may involve aryl 1,5-migration and DMF-assisted radical cyclization of o-isocyanodiaryl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jingyu Cai
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zhibin Song
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yuxing Tan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
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