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Maia Falcão R, Kokaraki G, De Wispelaere W, Amant F, De Souza GA, de Souza JES, Carlson JW, Petta TB. The Expression of the Immunoproteasome Subunit PSMB9 Is Related to Distinct Molecular Subtypes of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205007. [PMID: 36291793 PMCID: PMC9600211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare, aggressive, and highly heterogeneous tumor. Knockout female mice for the catalytic subunit of the immunoproteasome PSMB9 develops spontaneous uLMS. In this study, we used molecular data from 3 non-related uLMS cohorts that were integrated and analyzed by proteotranscriptomics. We observed overexpression of the immunoproteasome pathway in uLMS, and then further classified the samples as low or high PSMB9 gene expression levels and we provide evidence that; (i) in the group high there is an enrichment of pathways related to the immune system and in the group low, the ECM formation; (ii) samples with high CD8+/PSMB9 ratio shows better OS; and (iii) the main regulator in the high group is IFNγ and in the low, the proto-oncogene SRC. These findings contribute to the understanding of potential therapeutic or prognostic markers in uLMS. Abstract Background: Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) are rare and malignant tumors that arise in the myometrium cells and whose diagnosis is based on histopathological features. Identifying diagnostic biomarkers for uLMS is a challenge due to molecular heterogeneity and the scarcity of samples. In vivo and in vitro models for uLMS are urgently needed. Knockout female mice for the catalytic subunit of the immunoproteasome PSMB9 (MIM:177045) develop spontaneous uLMS. This study aimed to analyze the role of PSMB9 in uLMS tumorigenesis and patient outcome. Methods: Molecular data from 3 non-related uLMS cohorts were integrated and analyzed by proteotranscriptomic using gene expression and protein abundance levels in 68 normal adjacent myometrium (MM), 66 uterine leiomyoma (LM), and 67 uLMS. Results: the immunoproteasome pathway is upregulated and the gene PMSB9 shows heterogeneous expression values in uLMS. Quartile group analysis showed no significant difference between groups high and low PSMB9 expression groups at 3-years overall survival (OS). Using CYBERSORTx analysis we observed 9 out of 17 samples in the high group clustering together due to high M2 macrophages and CD4 memory resting, and high CD8+/PSMB9 ratio was associated with better OS. The main pathway regulated in the high group is IFNγ and in the low is the ECM pathway dependent on the proto-oncogene SRC. Conclusion: these findings suggest 2 subtypes of uLMS (immune-related and ECM-related) with different candidate mechanisms of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Maia Falcão
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Instituto Metropole Digital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Georgia Kokaraki
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Wout De Wispelaere
- Department of Oncology, Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Katholieke Universiteit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Katholieke Universiteit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Antônio De Souza
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Instituto Metropole Digital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Instituto Metropole Digital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Joseph Woodward Carlson
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
- K7 Onkologi-Patologi, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tirzah Braz Petta
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Instituto Metropole Digital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
- K7 Onkologi-Patologi, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-323-442-1153
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Pautier P, Italiano A, Piperno-Neumann S, Chevreau C, Penel N, Firmin N, Boudou-Rouquette P, Bertucci F, Balleyguier C, Lebrun-Ly V, Ray-Coquard I, Kalbacher E, Bardet A, Bompas E, Collard O, Isambert N, Guillemet C, Rios M, Archambaud B, Duffaud F, ITALIANO A, PAUTIER P, LECESNE A, PIPERNO-NEUMANN S, CHEVREAU C, CUPISSOL D, PENEL N, ALEXANDRE J, BERTUCCI F, RAY-COQUARD I, LEBRUN-LY V, KALBACHER E, DUFFAUD F, DELCAMBRE C, BOMPAS E, COLLARD O, ISAMBERT N, GUILLEMET C, SOULIE P, RIOS M, SAADA-BOUZID E. Doxorubicin alone versus doxorubicin with trabectedin followed by trabectedin alone as first-line therapy for metastatic or unresectable leiomyosarcoma (LMS-04): a randomised, multicentre, open-label phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:1044-1054. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Impact of Surgery and Chemotherapy on Metastatic Extrauterine Leiomyosarcoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:2301-2311. [PMID: 35448161 PMCID: PMC9029669 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have described the characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with metastatic extrauterine leiomyosarcoma (euLMS). Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the clinicopathological features, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of patients with euLMS. Methods: We recruited 61 patients with metastatic euLMS treated from 2006 to 2020 and collected and statistically analyzed information on patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors. The median follow-up period was 21.1 months. Results: Sixty-one patients with euLMS and a median age of 59 years were included. Furthermore, their five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 38.3%. Univariate analysis revealed that primary tumor size >10 cm, synchronous metastasis, initial metastatic sites >1, and no metastasectomy with curative intent were significantly associated with poor OS rate. Multivariate analysis identified primary tumor size >10 cm as an independent prognostic factor for poor OS. Among 24 patients who received metastasectomy with curative intent, the interval from the initial diagnosis to development of metastasis ≤6 months was significantly correlated with unfavorable OS. Among 37 patients who did not receive metastasectomy, chemotherapy after metastasis development was significantly related to better OS. Conclusions: Complete metastasectomy should be considered for metastatic euLMS treatment. Moreover, chemotherapy could prolong survival in patients with metastasis who are ineligible for metastasectomy.
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Cheng J, Li M, Tzeng CM, Gou X, Chen S. Suppression of Tumorigenicity 5 Ameliorates Tumor Characteristics of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells via ERK/JNK Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621500. [PMID: 34395234 PMCID: PMC8356645 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppression of tumorigenicity 5 (ST5) has been considered as a tumor suppressor gene in HeLa tumor cells. However, its role in the progression of breast cancer remains vague. METHODS Online database analysis was determined by Oncomine and Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.4 (bc-GenExMiner v4.4). Tumor biology behaviors were measured by MTT assay, wound healing model, Transwell and Flow cytometry assays. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was employed to detect promoter methylation. RESULTS Low level of ST5 was observed in breast cancer specimens, particularly in recurrent, invasive breast cancer cases compared to para-carcinoma tissue or non-invasive breast cancer. The downregulation of ST5 was also proved in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cell lines with a high invasive capability as compared to MCF-7 cell with a low invasive capability. ST5 was negatively associated with pathological stages of breast cancer. ST5-downregulation promoted, while ST5-upregulation inhibited the progression of cell proliferation, cell cycle and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, ST5 knockdown inhibited, whereas ST5 overexpression promoted apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. However, ST5 modification, either upregulation or downregulation, had no significant impact on tumor behaviors of MCF-7 cells. Mechanistically, ST5 protein ablation activated, while ST5-upregulation repressed the activities of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and JNK, and subsequently the expression of c-Myc. PD98059-mediated ERK1/2 inhibition abolished the stimulatory effects of ST5-depletion on ERK1/2/JNK/c-Myc signaling axis, and ST5 depletion-mediated cell over-proliferation and migration. Of note, ST5 reduction in invasive breast cancer cells should implicate in the hypermethylation of ST5 promoter region. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ST5 potentially acts as a tumor suppressor gene in invasive breast cancer through regulating ERK/JNK signaling pathway and provide a novel insight for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Academician Workstation of Chen Zhi-nan, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders and School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Academician Workstation of Chen Zhi-nan, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
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A single-arm multicentre phase II trial of doxorubicin in combination with trabectedin in the first-line treatment for leiomyosarcoma with long-term follow-up and impact of cytoreductive surgery. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100209. [PMID: 34325109 PMCID: PMC8446791 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uterine leiomyosarcomas (U-LMSs) and soft tissue leiomyosarcomas (ST-LMSs) are rare tumours with poor prognosis when locally advanced or metastatic, and with moderate chemosensitivity. In 2015 we reported very encouraging results of the LMS-02 study (NCT02131480) with manageable toxicity. Herein, we report the updated and long-term results of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients and methods Patients received 60 mg/m2 intravenous doxorubicin followed by trabectedin 1.1 mg/m2 as a 3-h infusion on day 1 and pegfilgrastim on day 2, every 3 weeks, up to six cycles. Surgery for residual disease was permitted. Patients were stratified into U-LMS and ST-LMS groups. Results One-hundred and eight patients were enrolled, mainly with metastatic disease (85%), and 20 patients (18.5%) had surgical resection of metastases after chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 7.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.9-8.2 years], the median PFS was 10.1 months (95% CI 8.5-12.6 months) in the whole population, and 8.3 months (95% CI 7.4-10.3 months) and 12.9 months (95% CI 9.2-14.1 months) for U-LMSs and ST-LMSs, respectively. The median OS was 34.4 months (95% CI 26.9-42.7 months), 27.5 months (95% CI 17.9-38.2 months), and 38.7 months (95% CI 31.0-52.9 months) for the whole population, U-LMSs, and ST-LMSs, respectively. The median OS of the patients with resected metastases was not reached versus 31.6 months in the overall population without surgery (95% CI 23.9-35.4 months). Conclusions These updated results confirm the impressive efficiency of the doxorubicin plus trabectedin combination given in first-line therapy for patients with locally advanced/metastatic LMS in terms of PFS and OS. Results of the LMS04 trial (NCT02997358), a randomized phase III study comparing the doxorubicin plus trabectedin combination versus doxorubicin alone in first-line therapy in metastatic LMSs, are pending. Long-term results on PFS and OS of doxorubicin and trabectedin in first-line treatment for advanced leiomyosarcoma. The update confirms the impressive efficiency of the doxo+trab in terms of PFS and OS. Results of a randomized phase-III study comparing dox+trab combination versus doxo alone in first-line therapy in metastatic LMS are pending.
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Yu Z, Bian C, Liu G, Zhang S, Wong KC, Li X. Elucidating transcriptomic profiles from single-cell RNA sequencing data using nature-inspired compressed sensing. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6225863. [PMID: 33855366 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-expression profiling can define the cell state and gene-expression pattern of cells at the genetic level in a high-throughput manner. With the development of transcriptome techniques, processing high-dimensional genetic data has become a major challenge in expression profiling. Thanks to the recent widespread use of matrix decomposition methods in bioinformatics, a computational framework based on compressed sensing was adopted to reduce dimensionality. However, compressed sensing requires an optimization strategy to learn the modular dictionaries and activity levels from the low-dimensional random composite measurements to reconstruct the high-dimensional gene-expression data. Considering this, here we introduce and compare four compressed sensing frameworks coming from nature-inspired optimization algorithms (CSCS, ABCCS, BACS and FACS) to improve the quality of the decompression process. Several experiments establish that the three proposed methods outperform benchmark methods on nine different datasets, especially the FACS method. We illustrate therefore, the robustness and convergence of FACS in various aspects; notably, time complexity and parameter analyses highlight properties of our proposed FACS. Furthermore, differential gene-expression analysis, cell-type clustering, gene ontology enrichment and pathology analysis are conducted, which bring novel insights into cell-type identification and characterization mechanisms from different perspectives. All algorithms are written in Python and available at https://github.com/Philyzh8/Nature-inspired-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohan Yu
- school of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Chuang Bian
- school of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Genggeng Liu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Shixiong Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China 710000
| | | | - Xiangtao Li
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Combination of MCM2 With Ki67 and p16 Immunohistochemistry Can Distinguish Uterine Leiomyosarcomas. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2021; 39:354-361. [PMID: 32515921 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of 2 new proliferation markers, cyclin D1 and minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2), in comparison with p16, p53, and Ki67 in differentiating the spectrum of smooth muscle tumors. An institutional database search from 2009 to 2017 identified 10 cases of uterine leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei (LBN), 12 smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential, and 13 leiomyosarcomas (LMS). Ten resected leiomyomas (LM) were included as controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the befitting representative block from each case. Ki67 was <10% in all LMs and LBNs, whereas >10% in all LMSs. Although wild-type in majority of cases, p53 was overexpressed in 38% of LMSs. Cyclin D1 nuclear positivity in LMs, LBNs, and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentials ranged from 0% to 65% of neoplastic cells with mostly weak to moderate staining intensity. Instead, cyclin D1 expression was <5% in all LMSs. The ratio of MCM2 positivity exhibited a similar wide range (<1%-80%) in LMs, LBNs, and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentials but interestingly, 92% (12/13) of LMSs were diffusely and strongly positive for MCM2 (>80% cell positivity). Overall, for diagnosis of LMS, the sensitivity for diffuse intense MCM2 staining was higher (92%) compared with diffuse staining for p16 (77%); however, specificity of MCM2 and p16 was comparable (94% and 97%, respectively). Herein, we describe the immunohistochemical profile of 2 new proliferation markers, cyclin D1 and MCM2 in uterine smooth muscle tumors. A combination of diffuse strong MCM2 and p16 reactivity with increased Ki67 index can reliably distinguish LMSs from benign histologic mimics.
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Wang YW, Fan Q, Qian ZX, Wang JJ, Li YH, Wang YD. Abdominopelvic leiomyoma with large ascites: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1424-1432. [PMID: 33644211 PMCID: PMC7896699 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i6.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leiomyoma of the uterus is relatively common, but uterine leiomyoma of the greater omentum is rare.
CASE SUMMARY Here, we report the case of a 22-year-old woman who presented with a 3 mo history of progressive abdominal distension and a hypervascular abdominopelvic mass. Due to a high serum concentration of CA125, the preoperative diagnosis was unclear. During surgery, 5 L of ascites was removed. An 18.8 cm solid mass, which was pedunculated from the uterine fundus and exhibited complex adhesion to the greater omentum, was removed. The CA125 level was reduced postoperatively, and a pathologic study confirmed that the mass was a leiomyoma that originated in the uterus.
CONCLUSION Uterine leiomyoma can share vessels with the greater omentum. This case highlights the difficulty of diagnosing pseudo-Meigs syndrome and the importance of imaging and laboratory examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Qian
- Department of Radiology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jin-Jin Wang
- Department of Pathology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yu-Dong Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, China
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Darzi M, Gorgin S, Majidzadeh-A K, Esmaeili R. Gene co-expression network analysis reveals immune cell infiltration as a favorable prognostic marker in non-uterine leiomyosarcoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2339. [PMID: 33504899 PMCID: PMC7840729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to improve the understanding of non-uterine leiomyosarcoma (NULMS) prognostic genes through system biology approaches. This cancer is heterogeneous and rare. Moreover, gene interaction networks have not been reported in NULMS yet. The datasets were obtained from the public gene expression databases. Seven co-expression modules were identified from 5000 most connected genes; using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Using Cox regression, the modules showed favorable (HR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.89, P = 0.0125), (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44-0.98, P = 0.04) and poor (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.06-2.27, P = 0.025) prognosis to the overall survival (OS) (time = 3740 days). The first one was significant in multivariate HR estimates (HR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.28-0.69, P = 0.0004). Enriched genes through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) revealed significant immune-related pathways; suggesting immune cell infiltration as a favorable prognostic factor. The most significant protective genes were ICAM3, NCR3, KLRB1, and IL18RAP, which were in one of the significant modules. Moreover, genes related to angiogenesis, cell-cell adhesion, protein glycosylation, and protein transport such as PYCR1, SRM, and MDFI negatively affected the OS and were found in the other related module. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that NULMS might be a good candidate for immunotherapy. Moreover, the genes found in this study might be potential candidates for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Darzi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Gorgin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Esmaeili
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen L, Xiao D, Tang F, Gao H, Li X. CAPN6 in disease: An emerging therapeutic target (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1644-1652. [PMID: 33000175 PMCID: PMC7521557 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the calpain protein family, calpain6 (CAPN6) is highly expressed mainly in the placenta and embryos. It plays a number of important roles in cellular processes, such as the stabilization of microtubules, the main-tenance of cell stability, the control of cell movement and the inhibition of apoptosis. In recent years, various studies have found that CAPN6 is one of the contributing factors associated with the tumorigenesis of uterine tumors and osteosarcoma, and that CAPN6 participates in the development of tumors by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and by inhibiting apoptosis, which is mainly regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Due to its abnormal cellular expression, CAPN6 has also been found to be associated with a number of diseases, such as white matter damage and muscular dystrophy. Therefore, CAPN6 may be a novel therapeutic target for these diseases. In the present review, the role of CAPN6 in disease and its possible use as a target in various therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fajuan Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hu Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xihong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Mas A, Simón C. Molecular differential diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:1115-1123. [PMID: 30184111 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (LM) and leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are considered biologically unrelated tumors due to their cytogenetic and molecular disparity. Yet, these tumors share morphological and molecular characteristics that cannot be differentiated through current clinical diagnostic tests, and thus cannot be definitively classified as benign or malignant until surgery. Newer approaches are needed for the identification of these tumors, as has been done for other tissues. The application of next generation sequencing enables the detection of new mutations that, when coupled to machine learning bioinformatic tools, advances our understanding of chromosomal instability. These approaches in the context of LM and LMS could allow the discovery of genetic variants and possible genomic markers. Additionally, the potential clinical utility of circulating cell-free tumor DNA could revolutionize the noninvasive detection and monitoring of these tumors. Here, we seek to provide a perspective on the molecular background of LM and LMS, recognizing their distinct molecular features that may lead to improved diagnosis and personalized treatments, which would have a measurable impact on women's reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymara Mas
- Reproductive Medicine Research Group, La Fe Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Igenomix Foundation/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix Foundation/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Adams CL, Dimitrova I, Post MD, Gibson L, Spillman MA, Behbakht K, Bradford AP. Identification of a novel diagnostic gene expression signature to discriminate uterine leiomyoma from leiomyosarcoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 110:104284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Dvorská D, Škovierová H, Braný D, Halašová E, Danková Z. Liquid Biopsy as a Tool for Differentiation of Leiomyomas and Sarcomas of Corpus Uteri. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3825. [PMID: 31387281 PMCID: PMC6695893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilization of liquid biopsy in the management of cancerous diseases is becoming more attractive. This method can overcome typical limitations of tissue biopsies, especially invasiveness, no repeatability, and the inability to monitor responses to medication during treatment as well as condition during follow-up. Liquid biopsy also provides greater possibility of early prediction of cancer presence. Corpus uteri mesenchymal tumors are comprised of benign variants, which are mostly leiomyomas, but also a heterogenous group of malignant sarcomas. Pre-surgical differentiation between these tumors is very difficult and the final description of tumor characteristics usually requires excision and histological examination. The leiomyomas and malignant leiomyosarcomas are especially difficult to distinguish and can, therefore, be easily misdiagnosed. Because of the very aggressive character of sarcomas, liquid biopsy based on early diagnosis and differentiation of these tumors would be extremely helpful. Moreover, after excision of the tumor, liquid biopsy can contribute to an increased knowledge of sarcoma behavior at the molecular level, especially on the formation of metastases which is still not well understood. In this review, we summarize the most important knowledge of mesenchymal uterine tumors, the possibilities and benefits of liquid biopsy utilization, the types of molecules and cells that can be analyzed with this approach, and the possibility of their isolation and capture. Finally, we review the typical abnormalities of leiomyomas and sarcomas that can be searched and analyzed in liquid biopsy samples with the final aim to pre-surgically differentiate between benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dvorská
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Henrieta Škovierová
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Braný
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Erika Halašová
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Danková
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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The Usefulness of Immunohistochemistry in the Differential Diagnosis of Lesions Originating from the Myometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051136. [PMID: 30845657 PMCID: PMC6429074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (LMs), currently the most common gynecological complaint around the world, are a serious medical, social and economic problem. Accurate diagnosis is the necessary prerequisite of the diagnostic-therapeutic process. Statistically, mistakes may occur more often in case of disease entities with high prevalence rates. Histopathology, based on increasingly advanced immunohistochemistry methods, is routinely used in the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. Markers of the highest sensitivity and specificity profiles are used in the process. As far as LMs are concerned, the crux of the matter is to identify patients with seemingly benign lesions which turn out to be suspicious (e.g., atypical LM) or malignant (e.g., leiomyosarcoma (LMS)), which is not uncommon. In this study, we present the current state of knowledge about the use of immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis of LM, atypical LM, smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and LMS, as well as their clinical predictive value.
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15
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Zhang Q, Kanis MJ, Ubago J, Liu D, Scholtens DM, Strohl AE, Lurain JR, Shahabi S, Kong B, Wei JJ. The selected biomarker analysis in 5 types of uterine smooth muscle tumors. Hum Pathol 2017; 76:17-27. [PMID: 29258902 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMTs) consist of a group of histologically heterogeneous and clinically diverse diseases ranging from malignant leiomyosarcoma (LMS) to benign leiomyoma (ULM). The genetic alterations in LMS are complex, with some genetic alterations present in both LMS and other atypical histologic variants of USMT. In this study, we reviewed 119 USMTs with a diagnosis of LMS, smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential, atypical leiomyomas/leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei, and cellular leiomyoma, as well as 46 ULMs and 60 myometrial controls. We selected 17 biomarkers highly relevant to LMS in 4 tumorigenic pathways including steroid hormone receptors (estrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PR]), cell cycle/tumor suppressor genes, AKT pathway markers, and associated oncogenes. ER and PR expression was significantly lower in LMS than smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential, atypical leiomyomas/leiomyoma with bizarre nuclei, cellular leiomyoma, and ULM (P < .01). Sixty-five percent of LMSs showed complete loss of ER, and 75% of LMSs showed complete loss of PR. All cell cycle genes were differentially expressed in different types of tumor, but significant overlap was noted. More than 75% of LMSs had Ki-67 index greater than 33%, and only 5% in all other types of USMT. Expression of the selected oncogenes varied widely among different types of USMT. PR positivity and p53 had a borderline association with progression-free survival (P = .055 for PR and P = .0847 for p53). Furthermore, high PR expression was significantly associated with a longer overall survival (P = .0163, hazard ratio 0.198). Cell proliferative indices (Ki-67) and sex steroid hormone receptors were the most valuable markers in differentiating LMS from other USMT variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Margaux Jenna Kanis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Julianne Ubago
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Dachao Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | | | - Anna E Strohl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - John R Lurain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Shohreh Shahabi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine.
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16
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Ip PP, Lim D, Cheung ANY, Oliva E. Immunoexpression of p16 in uterine leiomyomas with infarct-type necrosis: an analysis of 35 cases. Histopathology 2017; 71:743-750. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Ip
- Department of Pathology; The University of Hong Kong; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Diana Lim
- Department of Pathology; National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Annie N Y Cheung
- Department of Pathology; The University of Hong Kong; Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong
| | - Esther Oliva
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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17
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Overall Survival and Response to Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Extrauterine Leiomyosarcoma. Sarcoma 2016; 2016:3547497. [PMID: 27313489 PMCID: PMC4903146 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3547497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) represent a heterogeneous subset of soft tissue sarcomas. Factors influencing prognosis for patients with metastatic extrauterine LMS (euLMS) are not well described. Limited data are available regarding responses to systemic therapy. Methods. We collected clinical and pathologic information for all patients with metastatic euLMS seen at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 1989 and 2012. Objective responses to first-line therapy were analyzed for a subset of patients with available baseline and on-treatment imaging using RECIST 1.1. Results. 215 patients with metastatic euLMS had a median overall survival (OS) of 2.6 years from the time of metastasis. Older age, male sex, and ≥3 initial sites of metastasis were associated with worse OS on multivariate analysis. Objective response rate (ORR) in N = 113 was 19% overall and 25%, 26%, and 25% for gemcitabine, gemcitabine plus docetaxel, and anthracycline-alkylator combinations. Patients whose tumors objectively responded to first-line therapy had a lower risk of death versus those who did not (Hazard Ratio 0.46; 95% CI: 0.26–0.79, p = 0.005). Conclusions. Anthracycline- and gemcitabine-based regimens have similar activity in this cohort of euLMS. Prognostic factors for OS include older age, male sex, and ≥3 initial sites.
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Baiocchi G, Poliseli FLV, De Brot L, Mantoan H, Schiavon BN, Faloppa CC, Vassallo J, Soares FA, Cunha IW. TOP2A copy number and TOP2A expression in uterine benign smooth muscle tumours and leiomyosarcoma. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:884-9. [PMID: 26994023 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine TOP2A copy number, TOP2A expression, and its prognostic value in uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and other benign smooth muscle tumours. METHODS We analysed 37 patients treated for uterine LMS with immunohistochemistry for protein expression and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for copy number. Twelve cases of leiomyoma variants (LMVs), 4 smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) and 23 leiomyomas (LMs) were also included. RESULTS Eighteen patients with LMS (48.6%) were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I, six (16.2%) were stage II, four (10.8%) were stage III, and nine (24.3%) were stage IV. Twenty-one (56.8%) patients with LMS showed high expression of TOP2A. Greater TOP2A levels were found in patients with stage ≥II disease compared with stage I and also in high mitotic index tumours (>20/10 HPF (high power field)). Eleven (36.7%) cases had abnormal TOP2A copy numbers. There was no link between TOP2A copy number and TOP2A expression. All patients with benign smooth muscle tumours had low TOP2A immunohistochemical expression and one (7.7%) patient had TOP2A amplification. TOP2A expression and TOP2A copy number had no impact on disease outcomes. Only the presence of disease outside of the uterus negatively impacted survival compared with early disease (53.4 vs 15.8 months; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS TOP2A is highly expressed in advanced LMS but not in non-malignant diseases. TOP2A expression does not correlate with FISH results and does not predict outcome. TOP2A levels are higher in high-mitotic index tumours and in more advanced stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauco Baiocchi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Louise De Brot
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Mantoan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose Vassallo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Genomic, Epigenomic, and Transcriptomic Profiling towards Identifying Omics Features and Specific Biomarkers That Distinguish Uterine Leiomyosarcoma and Leiomyoma at Molecular Levels. Sarcoma 2015; 2015:412068. [PMID: 27057136 PMCID: PMC4707342 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is the worst malignancy among the gynecologic cancers. Uterine leiomyoma (LM), a benign tumor of myometrial origin, is the most common among women of childbearing age. Because of their similar symptoms, it is difficult to preoperatively distinguish the two conditions only by ultrasound and pelvic MRI. While histopathological diagnosis is currently the main approach used to distinguish them postoperatively, unusual histologic variants of LM tend to be misdiagnosed as LMS. Therefore, development of molecular diagnosis as an alternative or confirmatory means will help to diagnose LMS more accurately. We adopted omics-based technologies to identify genome-wide features to distinguish LMS from LM and revealed that copy number, gene expression, and DNA methylation profiles successfully distinguished these tumors. LMS was found to possess features typically observed in malignant solid tumors, such as extensive chromosomal abnormalities, overexpression of cell cycle-related genes, hypomethylation spreading through large genomic regions, and frequent hypermethylation at the polycomb group target genes and protocadherin genes. We also identified candidate expression and DNA methylation markers, which will facilitate establishing postoperative molecular diagnostic tests based on conventional quantitative assays. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing such tests and the possibility of developing preoperative and noninvasive methods.
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20
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Barlin JN, Zhou QC, Leitao MM, Bisogna M, Olvera N, Shih KK, Jacobsen A, Schultz N, Tap WD, Hensley ML, Schwartz GK, Boyd J, Qin LX, Levine DA. Molecular subtypes of uterine leiomyosarcoma and correlation with clinical outcome. Neoplasia 2015; 17:183-9. [PMID: 25748237 PMCID: PMC4351299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular etiology of uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is poorly understood, which accounts for the wide disparity in outcomes among women with this disease. We examined and compared the molecular profiles of ULMS and normal myometrium (NL) to identify clinically relevant molecular subtypes. Discovery cases included 29 NL and 23 ULMS specimens. RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix U133A 2.0 transcription microarrays. Differentially expressed genes and pathways were identified using standard methods. Fourteen NL and 44 ULMS independent archival samples were used for external validation. Molecular subgroups were correlated with clinical outcome. Pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes between ULMS and NL samples identified overrepresentation of cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and genomic integrity. External validation confirmed differential expression in 31 genes (P < 4.4 × 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), with 84% of the overexpressed genes, including CDC7, CDC20, GTSE1, CCNA2, CCNB1, and CCNB2, participating in cell cycle regulation. Unsupervised clustering of ULMS identified two clades that were reproducibly associated with progression-free (median, 4.0 vs 26.0 months; P = .02; HR, 0.33) and overall (median, 18.2 vs 77.2 months; P = .04; HR, 0.33) survival. Cell cycle genes play a key role in ULMS sarcomagenesis, providing opportunities for therapeutic targeting. Reproducible molecular subtypes associated with clinical outcome may permit individualized adjuvant treatment after clinical trial validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce N Barlin
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin C Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario M Leitao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Narciso Olvera
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karin K Shih
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anders Jacobsen
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Sarcoma Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martee L Hensley
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Sarcoma Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Boyd
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Brany D, Dvorska D, Nachajova M, Slavik P, Burjanivova T. Malignant tumors of the uterine corpus: molecular background of their origin. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6615-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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22
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Kawabe S, Mizutani T, Ishikane S, Martinez ME, Kiyono Y, Miura K, Hosoda H, Imamichi Y, Kangawa K, Miyamoto K, Yoshida Y. Establishment and characterization of a novel orthotopic mouse model for human uterine sarcoma with different metastatic potentials. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:182-90. [PMID: 26164209 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Uterine sarcomas are rare and aggressive gynecologic tumors with a poor prognosis because of recurrence and metastasis. However, the mechanisms of uterine sarcoma metastasis are largely unknown. To investigate this mechanism, we developed a novel uterine sarcoma tissue-derived orthotopic and metastatic model in KSN nude mice using a green fluorescent protein stably expressed uterine sarcoma cell line, MES-SA. Histological analysis showed that all orthotopic primary tumors were undifferentiated sarcoma. Primary tumors were characterized by high (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake with a positive correlation to the number of pulmonary metastases. In addition, we generated uterine sarcoma cell sublines with high or low metastatic potentials by serial in vivo selection. Microarray analysis between orthotopic tumors with high and low metastatic potentials revealed differential expression of genes related to cell proliferation and migration (TNNT1, COL1A2, and ZIC1). Our model would be useful to compensate for the limited clinical cases of uterine sarcoma and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of metastatic uterine sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kawabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Shin Ishikane
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Miguel Ernesto Martinez
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kiyono
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Koichi Miura
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Kaoru Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yoshida
- Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Pautier P, Floquet A, Chevreau C, Penel N, Guillemet C, Delcambre C, Cupissol D, Selle F, Isambert N, Piperno-Neumann S, Thyss A, Bertucci F, Bompas E, Alexandre J, Collard O, Lavau-Denes S, Soulié P, Toulmonde M, Le Cesne A, Lacas B, Duffaud F. Trabectedin in combination with doxorubicin for first-line treatment of advanced uterine or soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (LMS-02): a non-randomised, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:457-64. [PMID: 25795402 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic leiomyosarcomas of uterine or soft-tissue origin have poor prognosis and moderate chemosensitivity. Trabectedin has shown activity in pretreated leiomyosarcoma. We did a single-group, multicentre, phase 2 trial (LMS-02) to assess the effect of first-line doxorubicin and trabectedin combination on disease control and survival. METHODS Adults (18 years to physiological age ≤70 years) with measurable metastatic or unresectable uterine leiomyosarcoma or soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma who had not received any previous chemotherapy were enrolled at 19 centres in France. Treatment consisted of 60 mg/m(2) intravenous doxorubicin followed by 1·1 mg/m(2) trabectedin in a 3 h intravenous infusion on day 1, both by the central venous route, and 6 mg subcutaneous pegfilgrastim on day 2, repeated every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. Surgery for residual disease was permitted. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving disease control, defined as complete or partial response or stable disease. Stratification was done by anatomical site and analyses were per protocol. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02131480. FINDINGS Between July 28, 2010, and May 10, 2013, 109 patients were enrolled and treated, of whom 108 were assessable for response: 47 in the uterine leiomyosarcoma group and 61 in the soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma group. 32 (68%) patients in the uterine leiomyosarcoma group and 45 (74%) in the soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma group received all six cycles of treatment. Of 47 patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma, 28 (59·6%, 95% CI 44·3-73·6) achieved a partial response and 13 (27·7%, 15·6-42·6) stable disease; 41 (87·2%, 74·3-95·2) patients achieved disease control. Of 61 patients with soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma, two (3·3%, 95% CI 0·4-11·7) achieved a complete response, 22 (36·1%, 25·0-50·8) had a partial response, and 32 (52·5%, 40·8-67·3) had stable disease; 56 (91·8%, 81·9-97·3) of patients achieved disease control. The most common grade 3-4 treatment-associated adverse events were neutropenia (84 [78%] of 108 patients), increased alanine aminotransferase concentration (42 [39%]), thrombocytopenia (40 [37%]), anaemia (29 [27%]), febrile neutropenia (26 [24%]), and fatigue (21 [19%]). INTERPRETATION Despite expected but manageable toxic effects, these results support the activity of doxorubicin plus trabectedin as first-line treatment for uterine leiomyosarcoma and soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma. This combination should be developed further in a phase 3 trial against the present standard of care. FUNDING Pharmamar and Amgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pautier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Anne Floquet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Chevreau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius-Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Penel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar-Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Guillemet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Henri-Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - Corinne Delcambre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre François-Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Didier Cupissol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Selle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Isambert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre GF Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | | | - Antoine Thyss
- Department of Medical Oncology Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bompas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | | | - Olivier Collard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Sandrine Lavau-Denes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Soulié
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Angers, France
| | - Maud Toulmonde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Axel Le Cesne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Lacas
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Florence Duffaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
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Moretti D, Del Bello B, Allavena G, Maellaro E. Calpains and cancer: Friends or enemies? Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Skubitz KM, Skubitz APN, Xu WW, Luo X, Lagarde P, Coindre JM, Chibon F. Gene expression identifies heterogeneity of metastatic behavior among high-grade non-translocation associated soft tissue sarcomas. J Transl Med 2014; 12:176. [PMID: 24950699 PMCID: PMC4082412 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The biologic heterogeneity of soft tissue sarcomas (STS), even within histological subtypes, complicates treatment. In earlier studies, gene expression patterns that distinguish two subsets of clear cell renal carcinoma (RCC), serous ovarian carcinoma (OVCA), and aggressive fibromatosis (AF) were used to separate 73 STS into two or four groups with different probabilities of developing metastatic disease (PrMet). This study was designed to confirm our earlier observations in a larger independent data set. Methods We utilized these gene sets, hierarchical clustering (HC), and Kaplan-Meier analysis, to examine 309 STS, using Affymetrix chip expression profiling. Results HC using the combined AF-, RCC-, and OVCA-gene sets identified subsets of the STS samples. Analysis revealed differences in PrMet between the clusters defined by the first branch point of the clustering dendrogram (p = 0.048), and also among the four different clusters defined by the second branch points (p < 0.0001). Analysis also revealed differences in PrMet between the leiomyosarcomas (LMS), dedifferentiated liposarcomas (LipoD), and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) (p = 0.0004). HC of both the LipoD and UPS sample sets divided the samples into two groups with different PrMet (p = 0.0128, and 0.0002, respectively). HC of the UPS samples also showed four groups with different PrMet (p = 0.0007). HC found no subgroups of the LMS samples. Conclusions These data confirm our earlier studies, and suggest that this approach may allow the identification of more than two subsets of STS, each with distinct clinical behavior, and may be useful to stratify STS in clinical trials and in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Primary leiomyosarcoma of the adrenal gland: a case report with immunohistochemical study and literature review. Case Rep Urol 2014; 2014:489630. [PMID: 24716083 PMCID: PMC3971559 DOI: 10.1155/2014/489630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare tumor. We report a case with adrenal leiomyosarcoma. Our case was a 48-year-old man who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed approximately 9 cm solid mass originating from right adrenal gland. He underwent right adrenalectomy. Pathology of the specimen showed histologic and immunohistochemical features of adrenal leiomyosarcoma.
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Davidson B, Abeler VM, Førsund M, Holth A, Yang Y, Kobayashi Y, Chen L, Kristensen GB, Shih IM, Wang TL. Gene expression signatures of primary and metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma. Hum Pathol 2013; 45:691-700. [PMID: 24485798 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is the most common uterine sarcoma. Although the disease is relatively rare, it is responsible for considerable mortality due to frequent metastasis and chemoresistance. The molecular events related to LMS metastasis are unknown to date. The present study compared the global gene expression patterns of primary uterine LMSs and LMS metastases. Gene expression profiles of 13 primary and 15 metastatic uterine LMSs were analyzed using the HumanRef-8 BeadChip from Illumina. Differentially expressed candidate genes were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. To identify differently expressed genes between primary and metastatic tumors, we performed one-way analysis of variance with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. This led to identification of 203 unique probes that were significantly differentially expressed in the 2 tumor groups by greater than 1.58-fold with P < .01, of which 94 and 109 were overexpressed in primary and metastatic LMSs, respectively. Genes overexpressed in primary uterine LMSs included OSTN, NLGN4X, NLGN1, SLITRK4, MASP1, XRN2, ASS1, RORB, HRASLS, and TSPAN7. Genes overexpressed in LMS metastases included TNNT1, FOLR3, TDO2, CRYM, GJA1, TSPAN10, THBS1, SGK1, SHMT1, EGR2, and AGT. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed significant anatomical site-related differences in FOLR3, OSTN, and NLGN4X levels; and immunohistochemistry showed significant differences in TDO2 expression. Gene expression profiling differentiates primary uterine LMSs from LMS metastases. The molecular signatures unique to primary and metastatic LMSs may aid in understanding tumor progression in this cancer and in providing a molecular basis for prognostic studies and therapeutic target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; The Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vera Maria Abeler
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Førsund
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Holth
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Genomic Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lily Chen
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Gunnar B Kristensen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Medical Informatics, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Zaitseva M, Holdsworth-Carson SJ, Waldrip L, Nevzorova J, Martelotto L, Vollenhoven BJ, Rogers PAW. Aberrant expression and regulation of NR2F2 and CTNNB1 in uterine fibroids. Reproduction 2013; 146:91-102. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumour afflicting women of reproductive age. Despite the large healthcare burden caused by fibroids, there is only limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive fibroid pathophysiology. Although a large number of genes are differentially expressed in fibroids compared with myometrium, it is likely that most of these differences are a consequence of the fibroid presence and are not causal. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and regulation of NR2F2 and CTNNB1 based on their potential causal role in uterine fibroid pathophysiology. We used real-time quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry to describe the expression of NR2F2 and CTNNB1 in matched human uterine fibroid and myometrial tissues. Primary myometrial and fibroid smooth muscle cell cultures were treated with progesterone and/or retinoic acid (RA) and sonic hedgehog (SHH) conditioned media to investigate regulatory pathways for these proteins. We showed that NR2F2 and CTNNB1 are aberrantly expressed in fibroid tissue compared with matched myometrium, with strong blood vessel-specific localisation. Although the SHH pathway was shown to be active in myometrial and fibroid primary cultures, it did not regulateNR2F2orCTNNB1mRNA expression. However, progesterone and RA combined regulatedNR2F2mRNA, but notCTNNB1, in myometrial but not fibroid primary cultures. In conclusion, we demonstrate aberrant expression and regulation of NR2F2 and CTNNB1 in uterine fibroids compared with normal myometrium, consistent with the hypothesis that these factors may play a causal role uterine fibroid development.
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Liu H, Jiang Y, Jin X, Zhu L, Shen X, Zhang Q, Wang B, Wang J, Hu Y, Yan G, Sun H. CAPN 7 promotes the migration and invasion of human endometrial stromal cell by regulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:64. [PMID: 23855590 PMCID: PMC3717291 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) has been reported to be an important regulator of cell migration and invasion through degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in many diseases, such as cancer and endometriosis. Here, we found calcium-activated neutral protease 7 (CAPN 7) expression was markedly upregulated in the eutopic endometrium and endometrial stromal cells of women diagnosed with endometriosis. Our studies were carried out to detect the effects of CAPN 7 on human endometrial stromal cell (hESC) migration and invasion. METHODS Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of CAPN 7 in endometriosis patients and normal fertile women. Scratch-wound-healing and invasion chamber assay were used to investigate the role of CAPN 7 in hESC migration and invasion. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and zymography were carried out to detect the effect of CAPN 7 on the expressions and activity of MMP-2. RESULTS CAPN 7 was markedly up-regulated in endometriosis, thereby promoting the migration and invasion of hESC. CAPN 7 overexpression led to increased expression of MMP-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2); CAPN 7 knockdown reversed these changes. CAPN 7 increased MMP-2 activity by increasing the ratio of MMP-2 to TIMP-2. We also found that OA-Hy (an MMP-2 inhibitor) decreased the effects of CAPN 7 overexpression on hESC migration and invasion by approximately 50% and 55%, respectively. Additionally, a coimmunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that CAPN 7 interacted with activator protein 2α (AP-2α): an important transcription factor of MMP-2. CONCLUSIONS CAPN 7 promotes hESC migration and invasion by increasing the activity of MMP-2 via an increased ratio of MMP-2 to TIMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
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Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis reveals a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis and development of uterine leiomyomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66632. [PMID: 23818951 PMCID: PMC3688587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas, the most common benign tumor in women, remains unclear. Since acquired factors such as obesity, hypertension and early menarche place women at greater risk for uterine leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas may be associated with epigenetic abnormalities that are caused by unfavorable environmental exposures. Principal Findings Profiles of genome-wide DNA methylation and mRNA expression were investigated in leiomyomas and in myometrium with and without leiomyomas. Profiles of DNA methylation and mRNA expression in the myometrium with and without leiomyomas were quite similar while those in leiomyomas were distinct. We identified 120 genes whose DNA methylation and mRNA expression patterns differed between leiomyomas and the adjacent myometrium. The biological relevance of the aberrantly methylated and expressed genes was cancer process, including IRS1 that is related to transformation, and collagen-related genes such as COL4A1, COL4A2 and COL6A3. We also detected 22 target genes of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, including apoptosis-related genes, that have aberrant DNA methylation in the promoter, suggesting that the aberrant epigenetic regulation of ER alpha-target genes contributes to the aberrant response to estrogen. Conclusions Aberrant DNA methylation and its related transcriptional aberration were associated with cancer processes, which may represent a critical initial mechanism that triggers transformation of a single tumor stem cell that will eventually develop into a monoclonal leiomyoma tumor. The aberrant epigenetic regulation of ER alpha-target genes also may contribute to the aberrant response to estrogen, which is involved in the development of uterine leiomyomas after menarche.
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Kobayashi H, Uekuri C, Akasaka J, Ito F, Shigemitsu A, Koike N, Shigetomi H. The biology of uterine sarcomas: A review and update. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 1:599-609. [PMID: 24649216 PMCID: PMC3916197 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine sarcoma is a rare neoplasm, accounting for only 5% of uterine malignancies. The pathogenesis of uterine sarcoma remains largely unknown, although recent basic science and pre-clinical animal models have provided a better understanding of tumor biology. The aim of this study was to review the clinical features, imaging characteristics, genetic aberrations and therapeutic approaches in uterine sarcoma. This study reviewed the English-language literature on clinical and basic studies on uterine sarcoma. The common variants of uterine sarcoma are carcinosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). Genetic profiling efforts have identified amplification, overexpression and mutation, while the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis driven by these genomic and genetic aberrations have yet to be fully elucidated yet. Recent genome-wide studies have also identified complex chromosomal rearrangements as oncogenic mechanisms. The cell cycle regulators, p16 and p53, are frequently over-expressed and appear to be involved in key modifications of sarcomagenesis. Molecular-targeted therapy has now been evaluated in clinical trials for certain subtypes. In conclusion, aberrations of cell cycle control would be a critical step in the development of uterine sarcoma. This review has provided new areas of study targeting molecular and genetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Chiaki Uekuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Juria Akasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Fuminori Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Aiko Shigemitsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Natsuki Koike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Italiano A, Lagarde P, Brulard C, Terrier P, Laë M, Marques B, Ranchere-Vince D, Michels JJ, Trassard M, Cioffi A, Piperno-Neumann S, Chevreau C, Blay JY, Delcambre C, Isambert N, Penel N, Bay JO, Bonvalot S, Le Cesne A, Coindre JM, Chibon F. Genetic Profiling Identifies Two Classes of Soft-Tissue Leiomyosarcomas with Distinct Clinical Characteristics. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1190-6. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Davalieva K, Kiprijanovska S, Broussard C, Petrusevska G, Efremov GD. Proteomic analysis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma tissues by coupled 2-D DIGE/MS/MS analysis. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893312030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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36
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Lee J, McGuire C. Clinical efficacy of vorinostat in a patient with leiomyosarcoma. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2012; 6:101-5. [PMID: 22408374 PMCID: PMC3290122 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a heterogeneous tumor group, representing <1% of all new cancers diagnosed in United States. Treatment choice is based upon site, grade, and extent of disease. However, prognosis for metastatic or unresectable sarcoma is very poor with reported median survival of 12 months. Response to chemotherapy has been approximately 8% to 39% based upon the chemotherapeutic agent and whether used alone or in combination. Vorinostat is an orally active, potent, and competitive inhibitor of histone deacetylases approved for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. There are limited preclinical data illustrating the activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors in sarcoma. Here is a case of a lady with leiomyosarcoma who has progressed through multiple chemotherapeutic agent who has achieved a partial response to vorinostat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Arnold Palmer Pavilion at Mountain View Medical Park, Greensburg, Pennsylvania, USA
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37
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Skubitz KM, Francis P, Skubitz APN, Luo X, Nilbert M. Gene expression identifies heterogeneity of metastatic propensity in high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer 2012; 118:4235-43. [PMID: 22252777 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic propensity of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is heterogeneous and may be determined by gene expression patterns that do not correlate well with morphology. The authors have reported gene expression patterns that distinguish 2 broad classes of clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC-gene set), and other patterns that can distinguish heterogeneity of serous ovarian carcinoma (OVCA-gene set) and aggressive fibromatosis (AF-gene set); however, clinical follow-up data were not available for these samples. METHODS In the current study, gene expression patterns in 73 samples of high-grade STS were examined using spotted cDNA microarray slides that contained ∼16,000 unique UniGene clusters. Approximately 50% of the genes present in the ccRCC-, OVCA-, and AF-gene sets were also represented in the data from this chip set, and these were combined to form a composite gene set of 278 probes. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering using this composite gene set suggested the existence of subsets of the STS samples. Analysis revealed differences in the time to development of metastatic disease between the clusters defined by the first branch point of the clustering dendrogram (P = .005), and also among the 4 different clusters defined by the second branch points (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS This approach suggests the existence of >2 subsets of high-grade pleomorphic STS, each with distinct clinical behavior. A composite gene set such as that described here may be useful to stratify STS in clinical trials, and may be of practical utility in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Ip PP, Cheung AN. Pathology of uterine leiomyosarcomas and smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 25:691-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Danielson LS, Menendez S, Attolini CSO, Guijarro MV, Bisogna M, Wei J, Socci ND, Levine DA, Michor F, Hernando E. A differentiation-based microRNA signature identifies leiomyosarcoma as a mesenchymal stem cell-related malignancy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:908-17. [PMID: 20558575 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle (SM) is a spontaneously contractile tissue that provides physical support and function to organs such as the uterus. Uterine smooth muscle-related neoplasia comprise common well-differentiated benign lesions called leiomyomas (ULM), and rare, highly aggressive and pleomorphic tumors named leiomyosarcomas (ULMS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play essential roles in normal cellular development and tissue homeostasis that can be used to accurately subclassify different tumor types. Here, we demonstrate that miRNAs are required for full smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We also report a miRNA signature associated with this process. Moreover, we show that this signature, along with miRNA profiles for ULMS and ULM, are able to subclassify tumors of smooth muscle origin along SM differentiation. Using multiple computational analyses, we determined that ULMS are more similar to hMSCs as opposed to ULM, which are linked with more mature SMCs and myometrium. Furthermore, a comparison of the SM differentiation and ULMS miRNA signatures identified miRNAs strictly associated with SM maturation or transformation, as well as those modulated in both processes indicating a possible dual role. These results support separate origins and/or divergent transformation pathways for ULM and ULMS, resulting in drastically different states of differentiation. In summary, this work expands on our knowledge of the regulation of SM differentiation and sarcoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Danielson
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Nielsen TO, West RB. Translating gene expression into clinical care: sarcomas as a paradigm. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:1796-805. [PMID: 20194847 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas most solid tumors are characterized by considerable genetic instability and molecular heterogeneity, sarcomas include many subtypes with very specific underlying molecular events driving oncogenesis. Gene expression profiling and other modern techniques have consequently had particular success in identifying the critical biologic pathways active in specific sarcomas, yielding insights which can be translated into useful diagnostic biomarkers. Public availability of data sets and new sequencing-based technologies will accelerate this process. Molecular studies have also identified oncogenic pathways of particular importance in sarcomas which can be targeted by investigational drugs. Examples include histone deacetylases in translocation-associated sarcomas of young adults, Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin in pleomorphic sarcomas, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in tenosynovial giant cell tumor. Despite challenges in organization and accrual, future clinical trials of sarcomas need to be designed that take into account specific molecular subtypes as distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten O Nielsen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Beck AH, Lee CH, Witten DM, Gleason BC, Edris B, Espinosa I, Zhu S, Li R, Montgomery KD, Marinelli RJ, Tibshirani R, Hastie T, Jablons DM, Rubin BP, Fletcher CD, West RB, van de Rijn M. Discovery of molecular subtypes in leiomyosarcoma through integrative molecular profiling. Oncogene 2010; 29:845-54. [PMID: 19901961 PMCID: PMC2820592 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a soft tissue tumor with a significant degree of morphologic and molecular heterogeneity. We used integrative molecular profiling to discover and characterize molecular subtypes of LMS. Gene expression profiling was performed on 51 LMS samples. Unsupervised clustering showed three reproducible LMS clusters. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed on 20 LMS samples and showed that the molecular subtypes defined by gene expression showed distinct genomic changes. Tumors from the 'muscle-enriched' cluster showed significantly increased copy number changes (P=0.04). A majority of the muscle-enriched cases showed loss at 16q24, which contains Fanconi anemia, complementation group A, known to have an important role in DNA repair, and loss at 1p36, which contains PRDM16, of which loss promotes muscle differentiation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on LMS tissue microarrays (n=377) for five markers with high levels of messenger RNA in the muscle-enriched cluster (ACTG2, CASQ2, SLMAP, CFL2 and MYLK) and showed significantly correlated expression of the five proteins (all pairwise P<0.005). Expression of the five markers was associated with improved disease-specific survival in a multivariate Cox regression analysis (P<0.04). In this analysis that combined gene expression profiling, aCGH and IHC, we characterized distinct molecular LMS subtypes, provided insight into their pathogenesis, and identified prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Amant F, Coosemans A, Debiec-Rychter M, Timmerman D, Vergote I. Clinical management of uterine sarcomas. Lancet Oncol 2010; 10:1188-98. [PMID: 19959075 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pure mesenchymal uterine tumours encompass endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), uterine leiomyosarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcomas. This Review discusses pathology, preoperative diagnosis, and standard treatment of uterine leiomyosarcoma and low-grade ESS (distinct from undifferentiated uterine sarcomas), with an emphasis on targeted treatment. We show that several features on ultrasonography and MRI can raise suspicion of a uterine sarcoma; however, there are no pathognomonic features on any imaging technique. For both ESS and uterine leiomyosarcoma, hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, but without lymphadenectomy, is the standard surgical treatment for early stage disease. The clinical benefit of chemotherapy is limited, which underscores the importance of targeted therapy. ESS and uterine leiomyosarcoma are driven by different pathways, resulting in a different clinical behaviour. ESS typically is a hormone-sensitive tumour with indolent growth. Uterine leiomyosarcoma is notorious for its aggressive growth and poor outcome. Individualisation of treatment is mandatory, because randomised trials are almost non-existent. The progesterone and oestrogen receptors are clinically important targets for most primarily advanced or recurrent ESS and a subset of recurrent uterine leiomyosarcomas. Potential future targets and targeted treatments that are under investigation are presented for both entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Amant
- Leuven Cancer Institute, Gynaecological Oncology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.
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Outcomes of first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic leiomyosarcoma of uterine and non-uterine origin. Sarcoma 2009; 2009:348910. [PMID: 20066161 PMCID: PMC2801456 DOI: 10.1155/2009/348910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) form the largest subgroup of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), the efficacy of chemotherapy in this group is largely unclear, partly because older studies are contaminated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). In this retrospective study we investigated the outcome of first line chemotherapy in 65 patients with unresectable or metastatic LMS. The overall response rate (ORR) was 18%; and the median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.8 and 9.7 months respectively. No statistically significant differences in outcomes for uterine and non-uterine LMS were found. In non-uterine LMS, however, the PFS and OS seemed to be longer for females than for males, potentially negatively affecting outcomes in this group. If our observations are confirmed in other series, they would suggest that studies performed in STS patients should not only stratify for histological subtype but also for uterine versus non-uterine LMS and for gender.
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Lee CH, Ali R, Gilks CB. Molecular Genetics of Mesenchymal Tumors of the Female Genital Tract. Surg Pathol Clin 2009; 2:823-34. [PMID: 26838781 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2009.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal tumors of the female genital tract are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that can be classified based on cellular differentiation into 3 main groups: smooth muscle tumors, endometrial stromal tumors, and other differentiated and undifferentiated tumors. Genomic analysis techniques have revealed important genetic aberrations such as the t(7;17) translocation, resulting in JAZF1-JJAZ1 gene fusion, characteristic of endometrial stromal tumors. These analyses have demonstrated genetic complexity and heterogeneity in many mesenchymal tumor types. This article focuses on current understanding of the molecular genetics of mesenchymal tumors of the female genital tract, with emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1st Floor JPPN, Vancouver General Hospital, 920 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Rola Ali
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1st Floor JPPN, Vancouver General Hospital, 920 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1st Floor JPPN, Vancouver General Hospital, 920 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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D'Angelo E, Spagnoli LG, Prat J. Comparative clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of uterine sarcomas diagnosed using the World Health Organization classification system. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:1571-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Daigeler A, Klein-Hitpass L, Chromik MA, Müller O, Hauser J, Homann HH, Steinau HU, Lehnhardt M. Heterogeneous in vitro effects of doxorubicin on gene expression in primary human liposarcoma cultures. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:313. [PMID: 18959781 PMCID: PMC2585096 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is considered one of the most potent established chemotherapeutics in the treatment of liposarcoma; however, the response rates usually below 30%, are still disappointing. This study was performed to identify gene expression changes in liposarcoma after doxorubicin treatment. METHODS Cells of 19 primary human liposarcoma were harvested intraoperatively and brought into cell culture. Cells were incubated with doxorubicin for 24 h, RNA was isolated and differential gene expression was analysed by the microarray technique. RESULTS A variety of genes involved in apoptosis were up and down regulated in different samples revealing a heterogeneous expression pattern of the 19 primary tumor cell cultures in response to doxorubicin treatment. However, more than 50% of the samples showed up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes such as TRAIL Receptor2, CDKN1A, GADD45A, FAS, CD40, PAWR, NFKBIA, IER3, PSEN1, RIPK2, and CD44. The anti-apoptotic genes TNFAIP3, PEA15, Bcl2A1, NGFB, and BIRC3 were also up-regulated. The pro-apoptotic CD14, TIA1, and ITGB2 were down-regulated in more than 50% of the tumor cultures after treatment with doxorubicin, as was the antiapoptotic YWHAH. CONCLUSION Despite a correlation of the number of differentially regulated genes to the tumor grading and to a lesser extent histological subtype, the expression patterns varied strongly; however, especially among high grade tumors the responses of selected apoptosis genes were similar. The predescribed low clinical response rates of low grade liposarcoma to doxorubicin correspond to our results with only little changes on gene expression level and also divergent findings concerning the up- and down-regulation of single genes in the different sarcoma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Daigeler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Burn Center, Hand surgery, Sarcoma Reference Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Dimitrova IK, Richer JK, Rudolph MC, Spoelstra NS, Reno EM, Medina TM, Bradford AP. Gene expression profiling of multiple leiomyomata uteri and matched normal tissue from a single patient. Fertil Steril 2008; 91:2650-63. [PMID: 18672237 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify differentially expressed genes between fibroid and adjacent normal myometrium in an identical hormonal and genetic background. DESIGN Array analysis of three leiomyomata and matched adjacent normal myometrium in a single patient. SETTING University of Colorado Hospital. PATIENT(S) A single female undergoing medically indicated hysterectomy for symptomatic fibroids. INTERVENTIONS(S) mRNA isolation and microarray analysis, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Changes in mRNA and protein levels in leiomyomata and matched normal myometrium. RESULT(S) Expression of 197 genes was increased and 619 decreased significantly by at least twofold, in leiomyomata relative to normal myometrium. Expression profiles between tumors were similar and normal myometrial samples showed minimal variation. Changes in, and variation of, expression of selected genes were confirmed in additional normal and leiomyoma samples from multiple patients. CONCLUSION(S) Analysis of multiple tumors from a single patient confirmed changes in expression of genes described in previous, apparently disparate, studies, and identified novel targets. Gene expression profiles in leiomyomata are consistent with increased activation of mitogenic pathways and inhibition of apoptosis. Down-regulation of genes implicated in invasion and metastasis, of cancers, was observed in fibroids. This expression pattern may underlie the benign nature of uterine leiomyomata and may aid in the differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina K Dimitrova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Rho SB, Byun HJ, Park SY, Chun T. Calpain 6 supports tumorigenesis by inhibiting apoptosis and facilitating angiogenesis. Cancer Lett 2008; 271:306-13. [PMID: 18657900 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since calpain 6 is overexpressed in uterine cervical cancer tissue compared to normal tissue, we sought to define the role of calpain 6 during tumorigenesis. We overexpressed calpain 6 or inhibited calpain 6 in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and measured cisplatin-mediated apoptosis and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. The results indicated that calpain 6 supported tumorigenesis by inhibiting apoptosis and facilitating angiogenesis. To our knowledge, this result is the first evidence implicating calpain 6 in tumorigenesis, and it reveals calpain 6 as a novel therapeutic target for certain types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809, Madu 1-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 411-769, Republic of Korea
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Yang J, Du X, Chen K, Ylipää A, Lazar AJF, Trent J, Lev D, Pollock R, Hao X, Hunt K, Zhang W. Genetic aberrations in soft tissue leiomyosarcoma. Cancer Lett 2008; 275:1-8. [PMID: 18649996 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor composed of cells showing smooth muscle differentiation. This tumor usually occurs in middle-aged or older adults, and forms a significant percentage of retroperitoneal, vascular, extremity, and uterine sarcomas. Leiomyosarcomas are most often associated with complex karyotypes with numerous chromosomal gains and losses. Some of these cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations correlate with histopathologic features and clinical outcomes. Identification of genetic alterations with specific identification of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may lead to additional insights into the tumorigenesis of leiomyosarcoma and the opportunity to confer the benefits of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30060, China
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