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Palizkaran Yazdi M, Barjasteh A, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the pivotal regulators of Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Mol Brain 2024; 17:42. [PMID: 38956588 PMCID: PMC11218189 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis. Although, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the current standard protocol for GBM patients, there is still a poor prognosis in these patients. Temozolomide (TMZ) as a first-line therapeutic agent in GBM can easily cross from the blood-brain barrier to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. However, there is a high rate of TMZ resistance in GBM patients. Since, there are limited therapeutic choices for GBM patients who develop TMZ resistance; it is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of chemo resistance to introduce the novel therapeutic targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate chemo resistance through regulation of drug metabolism, absorption, DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle. In the present review we discussed the role of miRNAs in TMZ response of GBM cells. It has been reported that miRNAs mainly induced TMZ sensitivity by regulation of signaling pathways and autophagy in GBM cells. Therefore, miRNAs can be used as the reliable diagnostic/prognostic markers in GBM patients. They can also be used as the therapeutic targets to improve the TMZ response in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Palizkaran Yazdi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Barjasteh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Pham LC, Weller L, Gann CN, Schumacher KM, Vlassak S, Swanson T, Highsmith K, O'Brien BJ, Nash S, Aaroe A, de Groot JF, Majd NK. Prolonged complete response to adjuvant tepotinib in a patient with newly diagnosed disseminated glioblastoma harboring mesenchymal-epithelial transition fusion. Oncologist 2024:oyae100. [PMID: 38815166 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor despite current treatments. Targeted therapy in GBM has been the subject of intense investigation but has not been successful in clinical trials. The reasons for the failure of targeted therapy in GBM are multifold and include a lack of patient selection in trials, the failure to identify driver mutations, and poor blood-brain barrier penetration of investigational drugs. Here, we describe a case of a durable complete response in a newly diagnosed patient with GBM with leptomeningeal dissemination and PTPRZ1-MET fusion who was treated with tepotinib, a brain-penetrant MET inhibitor. This case of successful targeted therapy in a patient with GBM demonstrates that early molecular testing, identification of driver molecular alterations, and treatment with brain-penetrant small molecule inhibitors have the potential to change the outcome in select patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily C Pham
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lauryn Weller
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | | | - Todd Swanson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaitlin Highsmith
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Barbara J O'Brien
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sebnem Nash
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashley Aaroe
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nazanin K Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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3
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Heidari M, Shokrani P. Imaging Role in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Response Prediction Associated with High-grade Glioma. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SIGNALS & SENSORS 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38993200 PMCID: PMC11111132 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_30_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Background Glioma is one of the most drug and radiation-resistant tumors. Gliomas suffer from inter- and intratumor heterogeneity which makes the outcome of similar treatment protocols vary from patient to patient. This article is aimed to overview the potential imaging markers for individual diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction in malignant glioma. Furthermore, the correlation between imaging findings and biological and clinical information of glioma patients is reviewed. Materials and Methods The search strategy in this study is to select related studies from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science published until 2022. It comprised a combination of keywords such as Biomarkers, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Imaging techniques, and malignant glioma, according to Medical Subject Headings. Results Some imaging parameters that are effective in glioma management include: ADC, FA, Ktrans, regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), ve, Cho/NAA and lactate/lipid ratios, intratumoral uptake of 18F-FET (for diagnostic application), RD, ADC, ve, vp, Ktrans, CBFT1, rCBV, tumor blood flow, Cho/NAA, lactate/lipid, MI/Cho, uptakes of 18F-FET, 11C-MET, and 18F-FLT (for prognostic and predictive application). Cerebral blood volume and Ktrans are related to molecular markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Preoperative ADCmin value of GBM tumors is associated with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. 2-hydroxyglutarate metabolite and dynamic 18F-FDOPA positron emission tomography uptake are related to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. Conclusion Parameters including ADC, RD, FA, rCBV, Ktrans, vp, and uptake of 18F-FET are useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction in glioma. A significant correlation between molecular markers such as VEGF, MGMT, and IDH mutations with some diffusion and perfusion imaging parameters has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Heidari
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Shokrani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Abdoli Shadbad M, Baghbanzadeh A, Baradaran B. hsa-miR-34a-5p enhances temozolomide anti-tumoral effects on glioblastoma: in-silico and in-vitro study. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:384-400. [PMID: 38655096 PMCID: PMC11036064 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a commonly diagnosed brain neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the significance of microRNA (miR) dysregulation in tumor development and progression. This study investigated the effect of hsa-miR-34a-5p and its combination with temozolomide on GBM, the related molecular mechanisms, and the signaling pathway using in-silico and in-vitro approaches. The in-silico tumor bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses were done on TCGA-GTEx, CGGA, GSE13276, GSE90603, and GSE182109 datasets. After selecting the A172 cell line, hsa-miR-34a-5p mimics were transfected, and the cell viability, migration, cell cycle, clonogenicity, and apoptosis of studied groups were studied using MTT, scratch, flow cytometry, colony formation, and Annexin V/PI assays. The mRNA expression of CASP9, CASP3, CASP8, MMP2, CD44, CDK6, CDK4, CCND1, RAF1, MAP2K1, MET, SRC, and CD274 was studied using qRT-PCR method. hsa-miR-34a-5p downregulated RAF1 expression, as the signaling factor of the MAPK pathway. The combined treatment significantly downregulated the expression of MET, SRC, and MAP2K1, leading to the inhibition of the MET/MAPK pathway compared to temozolomide. Besides exerting anti-tumoral effects on the cell viability, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and clonogenicity of A172 cells, its combination with temozolomide enhanced temozolomide anti-tumoral effect. Compared to temozolomide, the combined treatment significantly decreased CDK4, CDK6, CCND1, and MMP2 expression. hsa-miR-34a-5p targets RAF1, as the signaling factor of the MAPK pathway, and potentiates the temozolomide anti-tumoral effect on A172 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bu L, Ma X, Ji A, Geng K, Feng H, Li L, Zhang A, Cheng Z. Development of a novel 18F-labeled small molecule probe for PET imaging of mesenchymal epithelial transition receptor expression. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:656-668. [PMID: 37940685 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is frequently overexpressed in numerous cancers and has served as a validated anticancer target. Inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of c-Met, however, challenges the use of anti-MET therapies, highlighting an urgent need to develop an alternative tool for visualizing whole-body c-Met expression quantitatively and noninvasively. Here we firstly reported an 18F labeled, small-molecule quinine compound-based PET probe, 1-(4-(5-amino-7-(trifluoromethyl) quinolin-3-yl) piperazin-1-yl)-2-(fluoro-[18F]) propan-1-one, herein referred as [18F]-AZC. METHODS [18F]-AZC was synthesized via a one-step substitution reaction and characterized by radiochemistry methods. [18F]-AZC specificity and affinity toward c-Met were assessed by cell uptake assay, with or without cold compound [19F]-AZC or commercial c-Met inhibitor blocking. MicroPET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted in subcutaneous murine xenografts of glioma. Additionally, [18F]-AZC was then further evaluated in orthotopic glioma xenografts, by microPET/CT imaging accompanied with MRI and autoradiography for co-registration of the tumor. Immunofluorescence staining was also carried out to qualitatively evaluate the c-Met expression in tumor tissue, co-localizes with H&E staining. RESULTS This probe shows easy radiosynthesis, high stability in vitro and in vivo, high targeting affinity, and favorable lipophilicity and brain transport coefficient. [18F]-AZC demonstrates excellent tumor imaging properties in vivo and can delineate c-Met positive glioma specifically at 1 h after intravenous injection of the probe. Moreover, favorable correlation was observed between the [18F]-AZC accumulation and the amount of c-Met expression in tumor. CONCLUSION This novel imaging probe could be applied as a valuable tool for management of anti-c-Met therapies in patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Bu
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- PET-CT Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Aiyan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaijun Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongyan Feng
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Li
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5484, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, Shandong, China.
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Al-Ghabkari A, Huang B, Park M. Aberrant MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Glioblastoma: Targeted Therapy and Future Directions. Cells 2024; 13:218. [PMID: 38334610 PMCID: PMC10854665 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by a high degree of aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Despite recent therapeutic advances, the treatment of brain tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive primary brain tumor associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy, remains a significant challenge. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are critical during development and in adulthood. Dysregulation of RTKs through activating mutations and gene amplification contributes to many human cancers and provides attractive therapeutic targets for treatment. Under physiological conditions, the Met RTK, the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) receptor, promotes fundamental signaling cascades that modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in tissue repair and embryogenesis. In cancer, increased Met activity promotes tumor growth and metastasis by providing signals for proliferation, survival, and migration/invasion. Recent clinical genomic studies have unveiled multiple mechanisms by which MET is genetically altered in GBM, including focal amplification, chromosomal rearrangements generating gene fusions, and a splicing variant mutation (exon 14 skipping, METex14del). Notably, MET overexpression contributes to chemotherapy resistance in GBM by promoting the survival of cancer stem-like cells. This is linked to distinctive Met-induced pathways, such as the upregulation of DNA repair mechanisms, which can protect tumor cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. The development of MET-targeted therapies represents a major step forward in the treatment of brain tumours. Preclinical studies have shown that MET-targeted therapies (monoclonal antibodies or small molecule inhibitors) can suppress growth and invasion, enhancing the efficacy of conventional therapies. Early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated promising results with MET-targeted therapies in improving overall survival for patients with recurrent GBM. However, challenges remain, including the need for patient stratification, the optimization of treatment regimens, and the identification of mechanisms of resistance. This review aims to highlight the current understanding of mechanisms underlying MET dysregulation in GBM. In addition, it will focus on the ongoing preclinical and clinical assessment of therapies targeting MET dysregulation in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhameed Al-Ghabkari
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (A.A.-G.); (B.H.)
| | - Bruce Huang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (A.A.-G.); (B.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; (A.A.-G.); (B.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Shikalov A, Koman I, Kogan NM. Targeted Glioma Therapy-Clinical Trials and Future Directions. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:100. [PMID: 38258110 PMCID: PMC10820492 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of glioma, with a median survival of 14.6 months post-diagnosis. Understanding the molecular profile of such tumors allowed the development of specific targeted therapies toward GBM, with a major role attributed to tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Targeted therapeutics are drugs that work by specific binding to GBM-specific or overexpressed markers on the tumor cellular surface and therefore contain a recognition moiety linked to a cytotoxic agent, which produces an antiproliferative effect. In this review, we have summarized the available information on the targeted therapeutics used in clinical trials of GBM and summarized current obstacles and advances in targeted therapy concerning specific targets present in GBM tumor cells, outlined efficacy endpoints for major classes of investigational drugs, and discussed promising strategies towards an increase in drug efficacy in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalya M. Kogan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (A.S.); (I.K.)
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Rahban M, Joushi S, Bashiri H, Saso L, Sheibani V. Characterization of prevalent tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their challenges in glioblastoma treatment. Front Chem 2024; 11:1325214. [PMID: 38264122 PMCID: PMC10804459 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1325214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant primary tumor in the central nervous system. Despite extensive efforts in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and neurosurgery, there remains an inadequate level of improvement in treatment outcomes. The development of large-scale genomic and proteomic analysis suggests that GBMs are characterized by transcriptional heterogeneity, which is responsible for therapy resistance. Hence, knowledge about the genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of GBM is crucial for developing effective treatments for this aggressive form of brain cancer. Tyrosine kinases (TKs) can act as signal transducers, regulate important cellular processes like differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. Therefore, TK inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to specifically target these kinases. TKIs are categorized into allosteric and non-allosteric inhibitors. Irreversible inhibitors form covalent bonds, which can lead to longer-lasting effects. However, this can also increase the risk of off-target effects and toxicity. The development of TKIs as therapeutics through computer-aided drug design (CADD) and bioinformatic techniques enhance the potential to improve patients' survival rates. Therefore, the continued exploration of TKIs as drug targets is expected to lead to even more effective and specific therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Rahban
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Joushi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Rabah N, Ait Mohand FE, Kravchenko-Balasha N. Understanding Glioblastoma Signaling, Heterogeneity, Invasiveness, and Drug Delivery Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14256. [PMID: 37762559 PMCID: PMC10532387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent and aggressive type of brain cancer, namely, glioblastoma (GBM), is characterized by intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and strong spreading capacity, which makes treatment ineffective. A true therapeutic answer is still in its infancy despite various studies that have made significant progress toward understanding the mechanisms behind GBM recurrence and its resistance. The primary causes of GBM recurrence are attributed to the heterogeneity and diffusive nature; therefore, monitoring the tumor's heterogeneity and spreading may offer a set of therapeutic targets that could improve the clinical management of GBM and prevent tumor relapse. Additionally, the blood-brain barrier (BBB)-related poor drug delivery that prevents effective drug concentrations within the tumor is discussed. With a primary emphasis on signaling heterogeneity, tumor infiltration, and computational modeling of GBM, this review covers typical therapeutic difficulties and factors contributing to drug resistance development and discusses potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.R.); (F.-E.A.M.)
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Martin KC, Ma C, Yip S. From Theory to Practice: Implementing the WHO 2021 Classification of Adult Diffuse Gliomas in Neuropathology Diagnosis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050817. [PMID: 37239289 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most common type of primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm to affect the adult population. The diagnosis of adult diffuse gliomas is dependent upon the integration of morphological features of the tumour with its underlying molecular alterations, and the integrative diagnosis has become of increased importance in the fifth edition of the WHO classification of CNS neoplasms (WHO CNS5). The three major diagnostic entities of adult diffuse gliomas are as follows: (1) astrocytoma, IDH-mutant; (2) oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted; and (3) glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology, pathology, molecular characteristics, and major diagnostic updates encountered in WHO CNS5 of adult diffuse gliomas. Finally, the application of implementing the necessary molecular tests for diagnostic workup of these entities in the pathology laboratory setting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Chornenka Martin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Crystal Ma
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Mesquita BS, Fens MHAM, Di Maggio A, Bosman EDC, Hennink WE, Heger M, Oliveira S. The Impact of Nanobody Density on the Targeting Efficiency of PEGylated Liposomes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314974. [PMID: 36499301 PMCID: PMC9741042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly modified with tumor-targeting moieties that recognize proteins overexpressed on the extracellular membrane to increase their specific interaction with target cells. Nanobodies (Nbs), the variable domain of heavy chain-only antibodies, are a robust targeting ligand due to their small size, superior stability, and strong binding affinity. For the clinical translation of targeted Nb-NPs, it is essential to understand how the number of Nbs per NP impacts the receptor recognition on cells. To study this, Nbs targeting the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET-Nbs) were conjugated to PEGylated liposomes at a density from 20 to 800 per liposome and their targeting efficiency was evaluated in vitro. MET-targeted liposomes (MET-TLs) associated more profoundly with MET-expressing cells than non-targeted liposomes (NTLs). MET-TLs with approximately 150-300 Nbs per liposome exhibited the highest association and specificity towards MET-expressing cells and retained their targeting capacity when pre-incubated with proteins from different sources. Furthermore, a MET-Nb density above 300 Nbs per liposome increased the interaction of MET-TLs with phagocytic cells by 2-fold in ex vivo human blood compared to NTLs. Overall, this study demonstrates that adjusting the MET-Nb density can increase the specificity of NPs towards their intended cellular target and reduce NP interaction with phagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara S. Mesquita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H. A. M. Fens
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alessia Di Maggio
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda D. C. Bosman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314041, China
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.O.)
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.O.)
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12
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Liu X, Chen Y, Geng D, Li H, Jiang T, Luo Z, Wang J, Pang Z, Zhang J. Aptamer-Modified Erythrocyte Membrane-Coated pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles for c-Met-Targeted Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080744. [PMID: 36005659 PMCID: PMC9415068 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic drug delivery systems, especially red blood cell (RBC) membrane-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems (RNP), have been extensively utilized in tumor drug delivery because of their excellent biocompatibility and prolonged circulation. In this study, we developed an active targeting pH-sensitive RNP loaded with DOX by decorating an aptamer SL1 on RBC membranes (SL1-RNP-DOX) for c-Met-targeted therapy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). SL1 could specifically bind to c-Met, which is highly expressed in GBM U87MG cells and facilitate DOX delivery to GBM cells. In vitro studies demonstrated that U87MG cells had a higher uptake of SL1-RNP-DOX (3.25 folds) and a stronger pro-apoptosis effect than unmodified RNP-DOX. In vivo fluorescence imaging and tissue distribution further demonstrated the higher tumor distribution of SL1-RNP-DOX (2.17 folds) compared with RNP-DOX. As a result, SL1-RNP-DOX presented the best anti-GBM effect with a prolonged median survival time (23 days vs. 15.5 days) and the strongest tumor cell apoptosis in vivo among all groups. In conclusion, SL1-RNP-DOX exhibited a promising targeting delivery strategy for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (D.G.)
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (D.G.)
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Daoying Geng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (D.G.)
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Haichun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.L.); (T.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.L.); (T.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zimiao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.L.); (T.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jianhong Wang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +8621-5288-8365 (J.Z.)
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.L.); (T.J.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +8621-5288-8365 (J.Z.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China; (X.L.); (Y.C.); (D.G.)
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Z.P.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +8621-5288-8365 (J.Z.)
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13
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Grundy M, Narendran A. The hepatocyte growth factor/mesenchymal epithelial transition factor axis in high-risk pediatric solid tumors and the anti-tumor activity of targeted therapeutic agents. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:910268. [PMID: 36034555 PMCID: PMC9399617 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.910268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials completed in the last two decades have contributed significantly to the improved overall survival of children with cancer. In spite of these advancements, disease relapse still remains a significant cause of death in this patient population. Often, increasing the intensity of current protocols is not feasible because of cumulative toxicity and development of drug resistance. Therefore, the identification and clinical validation of novel targets in high-risk and refractory childhood malignancies are essential to develop effective new generation treatment protocols. A number of recent studies have shown that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) influence the growth, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Therefore, the c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase and HGF have been identified as potential targets for cancer therapeutics and recent years have seen a race to synthesize molecules to block their expression and function. In this review we aim to summarize the literature that explores the potential and biological rationale for targeting the HGF/c-MET pathway in common and high-risk pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss selected recent and ongoing clinical trials with these agents in relapsed pediatric tumors that may provide applicable future treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Grundy
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aru Narendran
- POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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14
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Yang X, Liao HY, Zhang HH. Roles of MET in human cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 525:69-83. [PMID: 34951962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The MET proto-oncogene was first identified in osteosarcoma cells exposed to carcinogens. Although expressed in many normal cells, MET is overexpressed in many human cancers. MET is involved in the initiation and development of various human cancers and mediates proliferation, migration and invasion. Accordingly, MET has been successfully used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, survival, post-operative recurrence, risk assessment and pathologic grading, as well as a therapeutic target. In addition, recent work indicates that inhibition of MET expression and function has potential clinical benefit. This review summarizes the role, mechanism, and clinical significance of MET in the formation and development of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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15
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Qin A, Musket A, Musich PR, Schweitzer JB, Xie Q. Receptor tyrosine kinases as druggable targets in glioblastoma: Do signaling pathways matter? Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab133. [PMID: 34806012 PMCID: PMC8598918 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor without effective therapies. Since bevacizumab was FDA approved for targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in adult patients with recurrent GBM, targeted therapy against receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has become a new avenue for GBM therapeutics. In addition to VEGFR, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/MET), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) are major RTK targets. However, results from clinical Phase II/III trials indicate that most RTK-targeting therapeutics including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and neutralizing antibodies lack clinical efficacy, either alone or in combination. The major challenge is to uncover the genetic RTK alterations driving GBM initiation and progression, as well as to elucidate the mechanisms toward therapeutic resistance. In this review, we will discuss the genetic alterations in these 5 commonly targeted RTKs, the clinical trial outcomes of the associated RTK-targeting therapeutics, and the potential mechanisms toward the resistance. We anticipate that future design of new clinical trials with combination strategies, based on the genetic alterations within an individual patient’s tumor and mechanisms contributing to therapeutic resistance after treatment, will achieve durable remissions and improve outcomes in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Qin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Musket
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - John B Schweitzer
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Bolcaen J, Nair S, Driver CHS, Boshomane TMG, Ebenhan T, Vandevoorde C. Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway Inhibitors for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:626. [PMID: 34209513 PMCID: PMC8308832 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) remains the most fatal brain tumor characterized by a high infiltration rate and treatment resistance. Overexpression and/or mutation of receptor tyrosine kinases is common in GB, which subsequently leads to the activation of many downstream pathways that have a critical impact on tumor progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been investigated to improve the dismal prognosis of GB in an effort to evolve into a personalized targeted therapy strategy with a better treatment outcome. Numerous RTKIs have been approved in the clinic and several radiopharmaceuticals are part of (pre)clinical trials as a non-invasive method to identify patients who could benefit from RTKI. The latter opens up the scope for theranostic applications. In this review, the present status of RTKIs for the treatment, nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of GB is presented. The focus will be on seven tyrosine kinase receptors, based on their central role in GB: EGFR, VEGFR, MET, PDGFR, FGFR, Eph receptor and IGF1R. Finally, by way of analyzing structural and physiological characteristics of the TKIs with promising clinical trial results, four small molecule RTKIs were selected based on their potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Cathryn H. S. Driver
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Brits 0240, South Africa;
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
| | - Tebatso M. G. Boshomane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Department of Science and Technology, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
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17
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Opposed Interplay between IDH1 Mutations and the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway: Added Information for Glioma Classification. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060619. [PMID: 34070746 PMCID: PMC8229353 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the main common primary intraparenchymal brain tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), with approximately 7% of the death caused by cancers. In the WHO 2016 classification, molecular dysregulations are part of the definition of particular brain tumor entities for the first time. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Several studies have shown that 75% to 80% of secondary glioblastoma (GBM) showed IDH1 mutations, whereas only 5% of primary GBM have IDH1 mutations. IDH1 mutations lead to better overall survival in gliomas patients. IDH1 mutations are associated with lower stimulation of the HIF-1α a, aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis. The stimulation of HIF-1α and the process of angiogenesis appears to be activated only when hypoxia occurs in IDH1-mutated gliomas. In contrast, the observed upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in gliomas is associated with proliferation, invasion, aggressive-ness and angiogenesis.. Molecular pathways of the malignancy process are involved in early stages of WNT/β-catenin pathway-activated-gliomas, and this even under normoxic conditions. IDH1 mutations lead to decreased activity of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and its enzymatic targets. The opposed interplay between IDH1 mutations and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in gliomas could participate in better understanding of the observed evolution of different tumors and could reinforce the glioma classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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18
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Carvalho B, Lopes JM, Silva R, Peixoto J, Leitão D, Soares P, Fernandes AC, Linhares P, Vaz R, Lima J. The role of c-Met and VEGFR2 in glioblastoma resistance to bevacizumab. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6067. [PMID: 33727583 PMCID: PMC7966794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dismal prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) prompts for the identification of response predictors and therapeutic resistance mechanisms of current therapies. The authors investigated the impact of c-Met, HGF, VEGFR2 expression and microvessel density (MVD) in GBM patients submitted to second-line chemotherapy with bevacizumab. Immunohistochemical expression of c-Met, HGF, VEGFR2, and MVD was assessed in tumor specimens of GBM patients treated with bevacizumab, after progression under temozolomide. Survival analysis was evaluated according to the expression of the aforementioned biomarkers. c-Met overexpression was associated with a time-to-progression (TTP) after bevacizumab of 3 months (95% CI, 1.5-4.5) compared with a TTP of 7 months (95% CI, 4.6-9.4) in patients with low or no expression of c-Met (p = 0.05). VEGFR2 expression was associated with a TTP after bevacizumab of 3 months (95% CI, 1.8-4.2) compared with a TTP of 7 months (95% CI, 5.7-8.3) in patients with no tumoral expression of VEGFR2 (p = 0.009). Concomitant c-Met/VEGFR2 overexpression was associated with worse overall survival (13 months) compared with concomitant c-Met/VEGFR2 negative expression (19 months; p = 0.025). Our data support the hypothesis that c-Met and VEGFR2 overexpression have a role in the development of glioblastoma early resistance and might predict poorer responses to anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Peixoto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Leitão
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Fernandes
- Department of Oncology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Linhares
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Neurosciences Center-CUF Hospital, Estrada da Circunvalação 14341, 4100-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vaz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Neurosciences Center-CUF Hospital, Estrada da Circunvalação 14341, 4100-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (Ipatimup), Porto, Portugal
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19
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Control of renal cell carcinoma brain metastases with cabozantinib following progression on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER: CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpccr.2021.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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20
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Nguyen HM, Guz-Montgomery K, Lowe DB, Saha D. Pathogenetic Features and Current Management of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040856. [PMID: 33670551 PMCID: PMC7922739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor with a devastatingly poor prognosis. The disease does not discriminate, affecting adults and children of both sexes, and has an average overall survival of 12-15 months, despite advances in diagnosis and rigorous treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical resection. In addition, most survivors will eventually experience tumor recurrence that only imparts survival of a few months. GBM is highly heterogenous, invasive, vascularized, and almost always inaccessible for treatment. Based on all these outstanding obstacles, there have been tremendous efforts to develop alternative treatment options that allow for more efficient targeting of the tumor including small molecule drugs and immunotherapies. A number of other strategies in development include therapies based on nanoparticles, light, extracellular vesicles, and micro-RNA, and vessel co-option. Advances in these potential approaches shed a promising outlook on the future of GBM treatment. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of adult GBM's pathogenetic features that promote treatment resistance. We also outline novel and promising targeted agents currently under development for GBM patients during the last few years with their current clinical status.
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21
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Tilak M, Holborn J, New LA, Lalonde J, Jones N. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling and Targeting in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1831. [PMID: 33673213 PMCID: PMC7918566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is amongst the deadliest of human cancers, with a median survival rate of just over one year following diagnosis. Characterized by rapid proliferation and diffuse infiltration into the brain, GBM is notoriously difficult to treat, with tumor cells showing limited response to existing therapies and eventually developing resistance to these interventions. As such, there is intense interest in better understanding the molecular alterations in GBM to guide the development of more efficient targeted therapies. GBM tumors can be classified into several molecular subtypes which have distinct genetic signatures, and they show aberrant activation of numerous signal transduction pathways, particularly those connected to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which control glioma cell growth, survival, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. There are also non-canonical modes of RTK signaling found in GBM, which involve G-protein-coupled receptors and calcium channels. This review uses The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM dataset in combination with a data-mining approach to summarize disease characteristics, with a focus on select molecular pathways that drive GBM pathogenesis. We also present a unique genomic survey of RTKs that are frequently altered in GBM subtypes, as well as catalog the GBM disease association scores for all RTKs. Lastly, we discuss current RTK targeted therapies and highlight emerging directions in GBM research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nina Jones
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.T.); (J.H.); (L.A.N.); (J.L.)
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22
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Li Y, Zhang ZX, Huang GH, Xiang Y, Yang L, Pei YC, Yang W, Lv SQ. A systematic review of multifocal and multicentric glioblastoma. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 83:71-76. [PMID: 33358091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is classified as multifocal and multicentric GBM according to whether there is communication between the lesions. Multiple GBM is more genetically heterogeneous, aggressive and resistant to chemoradiotherapy than unifocal GBM, and has a worse prognosis. There is no international consensus on the treatment of multiple GBM. This review discusses some paradigms of multiple GBM and focuses on the heterogeneity spread pathway, imaging diagnosis, pathology, molecular characterization and prognosis of multifocal and multicentric GBM. Several promising therapeutic methods of multiple GBM are also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Zuo-Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Guo-Hao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Yu-Chun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
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23
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Sahota T, Dota CD, Vik T, Yan W, Verheijen RB, Walker S, Li Y, Goldwater R, Ghiorghiu D, Mellemgaard A, Ahmed GF. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Positive-Controlled, Three-Way Crossover Study in Healthy Participants to Investigate the Effect of Savolitinib on the QTc Interval. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10:521-534. [PMID: 33400845 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Savolitinib (AZD6094, HMPL-504, volitinib) is an oral, bioavailable, selective MET-tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This randomized, double-blind, 3-way, crossover phase 1 study of savolitinib versus moxifloxacin (positive control) and placebo-evaluated effects on the QT interval after a single savolitinib dose. Healthy non-Japanese men were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment sequences, receiving single doses of savolitinib 600 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, and placebo. The primary end point was time-matched, placebo-adjusted change from baseline in the QT interval corrected for the time between corresponding points on 2 consecutive R waves on electrocardiogram (RR) by the Fridericia formula (ΔΔQTcF). Secondary end points included 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) variables, pharmacokinetics, and safety. All 3 treatment periods were completed by 44 of 45 participants (98%). Baseline demographics were balanced across treatment groups. After a single savolitinib 600-mg dose, the highest least-squares mean ΔΔQTcF of 12 milliseconds was observed 5 hours postdose. Upper limits of the 2-sided 90% confidence interval for ΔΔQTcF exceeded 10 milliseconds (the prespecified International Council for Harmonisation limit) 3-6 hours postsavolitinib but otherwise remained less than the threshold. Savolitinib showed no additional effect on PR, QRS, QT, or RR intervals. A positive ΔΔQTcF signal from the moxifloxacin group confirmed study validity. Savolitinib was well tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse events. In this thorough QT/QTc study, QTcF prolongation was observed with a single savolitinib 600-mg dose. ECG monitoring will be implemented in ongoing and future studies of savolitinib to assess the clinical relevance of the observed QT changes from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarjinder Sahota
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Corina D Dota
- Cardiovascular Safety Centre of Excellence, R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Vik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallands Sjukhus Varberg, Varberg, Sweden
| | - Weili Yan
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen Walker
- Development Operations, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Li
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ghada F Ahmed
- Formerly, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Zhao C, Guo R, Guan F, Ma S, Li M, Wu J, Liu X, Li H, Yang B. MicroRNA-128-3p Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Temozolomide in Glioblastoma by Targeting c-Met and EMT. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9471. [PMID: 32528036 PMCID: PMC7289811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide is a first line anti-tumor drug used for the treatment of patients with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the drug resistance to temozolomide limits its clinical application. Therefore, novel strategies to overcome chemoresistance are desperately needed for improved treatment of human GBM. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are closely related to resistance to cancer chemotherapy. This study aimed to further validate the biological role of miR-128-3p and to investigate whether miR-128-3p can enhance the chemosensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide (TMZ) and the underlying mechanisms. The effects of miR-128-3p and TMZ on the proliferation of glioblastoma cells were investigated by cell counting kit-8 (cck8). Transwell and intracerebral invasion assays were applied to determine the effects of the combination of miR-128-3p and TMZ on the invasion and migration of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis in each group, and immunofluorescence was used to determine the expression levels of EMT-related proteins. RT-PCR and Western-blot were applied to detect EMT-transformed proteins (c-Met, PDGFRα, Notch1, and Slug) and EMT phenotype-associated proteins (Vim, CD44, and E-cadherin) at both mRNA and protein levels. Based on the microRNA.org database, we predicted the target genes of miR-128-3p. The target-relationship between miR-128-3p and c-Met and PDGFRα was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene. The tumor volume, weight and the expression levels of the proteins described above were measured in subcutaneously transplanted tumor model in nude mice. We found that the expression of miR-128-3p was down-regulated in glioblastoma tissue samples and cell lines. miR-128-3p suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM both in vitro and in vivo; miR-128-3p enhanced the therapeutic effect of TMZ via inhibition of proliferation, invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells and induction of apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-128-3p down-regulated the expression levels of EMT-transformed proteins (c-Met, PDGFRα, Notch1 and Slug) to enhance the effect of TMZ. In addition, we found that miR-128-3p targeted and bound c-Met. More importantly, the upregulation of c‐Met significantly prompted U87 and U251 cell proliferation. This effect could be abolished when c‐Met was silenced. The investigation in tumor bearing nude mice showed that miR-128-3p in combination with TMZ reduced tumor volume and the invasion extent, and increased the sensitivity of glioblastoma to TMZ. miR-128-3p is capable of enhancing the sensitivity of glioblastoma to TMZ through regulating c-Met/EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ruiming Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xianzhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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25
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Di L, Heath RN, Shah AH, Sanjurjo AD, Eichberg DG, Luther EM, de la Fuente MI, Komotar RJ, Ivan ME. Resection versus biopsy in the treatment of multifocal glioblastoma: a weighted survival analysis. J Neurooncol 2020; 148:155-164. [PMID: 32394325 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Diffuse tumor invasion in multifocal/multicentric GBM (mGBM) often foreshadows poor survival outcome. The correlation between extent of resection in gliomas and patient outcome is well described. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of gross total resection compared to biopsy for mGBM on patient overall survival and progression free survival. METHODS Thirty-four patients with mGBM received either biopsy or resection of their largest enhancing lesion from 2011 to 2019. Relevant demographic, peri-operative, and radiographic data were collected. Tumor burden and extent of resection was assessed through measurement of pre-operative and post-operative contrast-enhancing volume. An adjusted Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to account for the covariates of age, number of lesions, satellite tumor volume, total pre-operative tumor volume, degree of spread, and location. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were identified with sixteen (47.1%) and eighteen (52.9%) patients receiving resection and biopsy respectively. Patients receiving resection exhibited greater median overall survival but not progression free survival compared to biopsy on IPTW analysis (p = 0.026, p = 0.411). Greater than or equal to 85% extent of resection was significantly associated with increased median overall survival (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Overall, our study suggests that resection of the largest contrast-enhancing lesion may provide a survival benefit. Our volumetric analysis suggests that a greater degree of resection results in improved survival. Employing IPTW analysis, we sought to control for selection bias in our retrospective analysis. Thus, aggressive surgical treatment of mGBM may offer improved outcomes. Further clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Di
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terr, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Rainya N Heath
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terr, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ashish H Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terr, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Alexander D Sanjurjo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terr, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel G Eichberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terr, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Evan M Luther
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terr, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Macarena I de la Fuente
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1475 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ricardo J Komotar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terr, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1475 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michael E Ivan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terr, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1475 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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26
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Cheng M, Zhang ZW, Ji XH, Xu Y, Bian E, Zhao B. Super-enhancers: A new frontier for glioma treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188353. [PMID: 32112817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the human brain. Although there are a variety of treatments, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, glioma is still an incurable disease. Super-enhancers (SEs) are implicated in the control of tumor cell identity, and they promote oncogenic transcription, which supports tumor cells. Inhibition of the SE complex, which is required for the assembly and maintenance of SEs, may repress oncogenic transcription and impede tumor growth. In this review, we discuss the unique characteristics of SEs compared to typical enhancers, and we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of their properties and biological role in gene regulation. Additionally, we highlight that SE-driven lncRNAs, miRNAs and genes are involved in the malignant phenotype of glioma. Most importantly, the application of SE inhibitors in different cancer subtypes has introduced new directions in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zheng Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xing Hu Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yadi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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27
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Vengoji R, Ponnusamy MP, Rachagani S, Mahapatra S, Batra SK, Shonka N, Macha MA. Novel therapies hijack the blood-brain barrier to eradicate glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:2-14. [PMID: 30475990 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is amongst the most aggressive brain tumors with a dismal prognosis. Despite significant advances in the current multimodality therapy including surgery, postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ)-based concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT), tumor recurrence is nearly universal with poor patient outcomes. These limitations are in part due to poor drug penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and resistance to CT and RT by a small population of cancer cells recognized as tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). Though CT and RT kill the bulk of the tumor cells, they fail to affect CSCs, resulting in their enrichment and their development into more refractory tumors. Therefore, identifying the mechanisms of resistance and developing therapies that specifically target CSCs can improve response, prevent the development of refractory tumors and increase overall survival of GBM patients. Small molecule inhibitors that can breach the BBB and selectively target CSCs are emerging. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements in understanding the GBM CSC-specific signaling pathways, the CSC-tumor microenvironment niche that contributes to CT and RT resistance and the use of novel combination therapies of small molecule inhibitors that may be used in conjunction with TMZ-based chemoradiation for effective management of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicole Shonka
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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28
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Wnt Signaling in the Regulation of Immune Cell and Cancer Therapeutics. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111380. [PMID: 31684152 PMCID: PMC6912555 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the important pathways to play a major role in various biological processes, such as embryonic stem-cell development, tissue regeneration, cell differentiation, and immune cell regulation. Recent studies suggest that Wnt signaling performs an essential function in immune cell modulation and counteracts various disorders. Nonetheless, the emerging role and mechanism of action of this signaling cascade in immune cell regulation, as well as its involvement in various cancers, remain debatable. The Wnt signaling in immune cells is very diverse, e.g., the tolerogenic role of dendritic cells, the development of natural killer cells, thymopoiesis of T cells, B-cell-driven initiation of T-cells, and macrophage actions in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current therapeutic targets in (and the prospects of) Wnt signaling, as well as the potential suitability of available modulators for the development of cancer immunotherapies. Although there are several Wnt inhibitors relevant to cancer, it would be worthwhile to extend this approach to immune cells.
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29
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Ellingson BM, Aftab DT, Schwab GM, Hessel C, Harris RJ, Woodworth DC, Leu K, Chakhoyan A, Raymond C, Drappatz J, de Groot J, Prados MD, Reardon DA, Schiff D, Chamberlain M, Mikkelsen T, Desjardins A, Holland J, Ping J, Weitzman R, Wen PY, Cloughesy TF. Volumetric response quantified using T1 subtraction predicts long-term survival benefit from cabozantinib monotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1411-1418. [PMID: 29660005 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To overcome challenges with traditional response assessment in anti-angiogenic agents, the current study uses T1 subtraction maps to quantify volumetric radiographic response in monotherapy with cabozantinib, an orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET), and AXL, in an open-label, phase II trial in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) (NCT00704288). Methods A total of 108 patients with adequate imaging data and confirmed recurrent GBM were included in this retrospective study from a phase II multicenter trial of cabozantinib monotherapy (XL184-201) at either 100 mg (N = 87) or 140 mg (N = 21) per day. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted digital subtraction maps were used to define volume of contrast-enhancing tumor at baseline and subsequent follow-up time points. Volumetric radiographic response (>65% reduction in contrast-enhancing tumor volume from pretreatment baseline tumor volume sustained for more than 4 wk) was tested as an independent predictor of overall survival (OS). Results Volumetric response rate for all therapeutic doses was 38.9% (41.4% and 28.6% for 100 mg and 140 mg doses, respectively). A log-linear association between baseline tumor volume and OS (P = 0.0006) and a linear correlation between initial change in tumor volume and OS (P = 0.0256) were observed. A significant difference in OS was observed between responders (median OS = 20.6 mo) and nonresponders (median OS = 8.0 mo) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.3050, P < 0.0001). Multivariable analyses showed that continuous measures of baseline tumor volume (HR = 1.0233, P < 0.0001) and volumetric response (HR = 0.2240, P < 0.0001) were independent predictors of OS. Conclusions T1 subtraction maps provide value in determining response in recurrent GBM treated with cabozantinib and correlated with survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Robert J Harris
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Departments of Radiological Sciences and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Davis C Woodworth
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Departments of Radiological Sciences and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin Leu
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Departments of Radiological Sciences and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ararat Chakhoyan
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Departments of Radiological Sciences and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catalina Raymond
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Departments of Radiological Sciences and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael D Prados
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Schiff
- Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Marc Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Annick Desjardins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jerry Ping
- Exelixis, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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30
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Chandra A, Pius C, Nabeel M, Nair M, Vishwanatha JK, Ahmad S, Basha R. Ovarian cancer: Current status and strategies for improving therapeutic outcomes. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7018-7031. [PMID: 31560828 PMCID: PMC6853829 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the gynecologic tumors, ovarian cancer (OC) is known to be the deadliest. Advanced‐stages of OC are linked with high morbidity and low survival rates despite the immense amount of research in the field. Shortage of promising screening tools for early‐stage detection is one of the major challenges linked with the poor survival rate for patients with OC. In OC, therapeutic management is used with multidisciplinary approaches that includes debulking surgery, chemotherapy, and (rarely) radiotherapy. Recently, there is an increasing interest in using immunomodulation for treating OC. Relapse rates are high in this malignancy and averages around every 2‐years. Further treatments after the relapse are more intense, increasing the toxicity, resistance to chemotherapy drugs, and financial burden to patients with poor quality‐of‐life. A procedure that has been studied to help reduce the morbidity rate involves pre‐sensitizing cancer cells with standard therapy in order to produce optimal results with minimum dosage. Utilizing such an approach, platinum‐based agents are effective due to their increased response to platinum‐based chemotherapy in relapsed cases. These chemo‐drugs also help address the issue of drug resistance. After conducting an extensive search with available literature and the resources for clinical trials, information is precisely documented on current research, biomarkers, options for treatment and clinical trials. Several schemes for enhancing the therapeutic responses for OC are discussed systematically in this review with an attempt in summarizing the recent developments in this exciting field of translational/clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Chandra
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Cima Pius
- Miami Medical School, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Madiha Nabeel
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Maya Nair
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | - Riyaz Basha
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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31
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Taylor OG, Brzozowski JS, Skelding KA. Glioblastoma Multiforme: An Overview of Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2019; 9:963. [PMID: 31616641 PMCID: PMC6775189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumour in humans and has a very poor prognosis. The existing treatments have had limited success in increasing overall survival. Thus, identifying and understanding the key molecule(s) responsible for the malignant phenotype of GBM will yield new potential therapeutic targets. The treatment of brain tumours faces unique challenges, including the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB), which limits the concentration of drugs that can reach the site of the tumour. Nevertheless, several promising treatments have been shown to cross the BBB and have shown promising pre-clinical results. This review will outline the status of several of these promising targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Taylor
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua S Brzozowski
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Skelding
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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32
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, associated with a high mortality rate and a survival of between 12 and 15 months after diagnosis. Due to current treatment limitations involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolamide, there is a high rate of treatment failure and recurrence. To try to overcome these limitations nanotechnology has emerged as a novel alternative. Lipid, polymeric, silica and magnetic nanoparticles, among others, are being developed to improve GBM treatment and diagnosis. These nanoformulations have many advantages, including lower toxicity, biocompatibility and the ability to be directed toward the tumor. This article reviews the progress that have been made and the large variety of nanoparticles currently under study for GBM.
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33
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Ohba S, Yamada Y, Murayama K, Sandika E, Sasaki H, Yamada S, Abe M, Hasegawa M, Hirose Y. c-Met Expression Is a Useful Marker for Prognosis Prediction in IDH-Mutant Lower-Grade Gliomas and IDH-Wildtype Glioblastomas. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e1042-e1049. [PMID: 30878754 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE c-Met has been shown to be associated with tumor growth in several human cancers. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the c-Met expression and histopathologic/clinical characteristics. METHODS A total of 153 patients with histologically defined World Health Organization grade II-IV diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors were analyzed. RESULTS For each histopathologic diagnosis, the number of cases and positive rate of c-Met expression are as follows: oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, and 1p19q codeletion (OD): 16 cases, 6.3%; anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, and 1p19q codeletion (AO): 11 cases, 36.4%; diffuse astrocytoma (DA), IDH-mutant: 21 cases, 28.6%; anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), IDH- mutant: 15 cases, 20%; glioblastoma, IDH-mutant: 2, 100%, DA, IDH-wildtype: 9 cases, 33.3%; AA, IDH-wildtype: 20 cases, 30.0%; and glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype: 59 cases, 52.5%. c-Met expression was correlated with progression-free survival in oligodendroglial tumors and glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. Furthermore, it was correlated with overall survival in AO, oligodendroglial tumors, DA, IDH-mutant, DA, IDH-wildtype, and glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, and tend to be correlated with overall survival in IDH-mutant lower-grade astrocytic tumors. CONCLUSIONS c-Met expression was revealed to be a useful marker for prognosis prediction in IDH-mutant lower-grade gliomas and glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, representing a new independent prognostic marker that can be easily measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ohba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Banbuntane Hotokukai Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murayama
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eriel Sandika
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Abe
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan; Department of School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Colella B, Faienza F, Di Bartolomeo S. EMT Regulation by Autophagy: A New Perspective in Glioblastoma Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030312. [PMID: 30845654 PMCID: PMC6468412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process MET naturally occur during development and in tissue repair in vertebrates. EMT is also recognized as the crucial event by which cancer cells acquire an invasive phenotype through the activation of specific transcription factors and signalling pathways. Even though glial cells have a mesenchymal phenotype, an EMT-like process tends to exacerbate it during gliomagenesis and progression to more aggressive stages of the disease. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved degradative process that cells use in order to maintain a proper homeostasis, and defects in autophagy have been associated to several pathologies including cancer. Besides modulating cell resistance or sensitivity to therapy, autophagy also affects the migration and invasion capabilities of tumor cells. Despite this evidence, few papers are present in literature about the involvement of autophagy in EMT-like processes in glioblastoma (GBM) so far. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between autophagy and EMT in cancer, with special regard to GBM model. As the invasive behaviour is a hallmark of GBM aggressiveness, defining a new link between autophagy and EMT can open a novel scenario for targeting these processes in future therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy.
| | - Fiorella Faienza
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy.
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Cloughesy TF, Drappatz J, de Groot J, Prados MD, Reardon DA, Schiff D, Chamberlain M, Mikkelsen T, Desjardins A, Ping J, Holland J, Weitzman R, Wen PY. Phase II study of cabozantinib in patients with progressive glioblastoma: subset analysis of patients with prior antiangiogenic therapy. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:259-267. [PMID: 29036345 PMCID: PMC5777491 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cabozantinib is a potent, multitarget inhibitor of MET and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This open-label, phase II trial evaluated cabozantinib in patients with recurrent or progressive glioblastoma (GBM). Methods Patients were initially enrolled to a starting cabozantinib dose of 140 mg/day, but the starting dose was amended to 100 mg/day because of safety concerns. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate, assessed by an independent radiology facility using modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. Additional endpoints included duration of response, 6-month and median progression-free survival, overall survival, glucocorticoid use, and safety. Results Among 222 patients enrolled, 70 had received prior antiangiogenic therapy. Herein, we report results in this subset of 70 patients. The objective response rate was 4.3%, and the median duration of response was 4.2 months. The proportion of patients alive and progression free at 6 months was 8.5%. Median progression-free survival was 2.3 months, and median overall survival was 4.6 months. The most common adverse events reported in all patients, regardless of dose group, included fatigue (74.3%), diarrhea (47.1%), increased alanine aminotransferase (37.1%), headache (35.7%), hypertension (35.7%), and nausea (35.7%); overall, 34 (48.6%) patients experienced adverse events that resulted in dose reductions. Conclusions Cabozantinib treatment appeared to have modest clinical activity with a 4.3% response rate in patients who had received prior antiangiogenic therapy for GBM. Clinical Trials Registration Number NCT00704288 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00704288)
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Cloughesy
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - Jan Drappatz
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - John de Groot
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - Michael D Prados
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - David A Reardon
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - David Schiff
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - Marc Chamberlain
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - Annick Desjardins
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - Jerry Ping
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - Jaymes Holland
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - Ron Weitzman
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.); Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W., J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.P., J.H., R.W.)
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Wen PY, Drappatz J, de Groot J, Prados MD, Reardon DA, Schiff D, Chamberlain M, Mikkelsen T, Desjardins A, Holland J, Ping J, Weitzman R, Cloughesy TF. Phase II study of cabozantinib in patients with progressive glioblastoma: subset analysis of patients naive to antiangiogenic therapy. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:249-258. [PMID: 29016998 PMCID: PMC5777496 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cabozantinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and MET that has demonstrated clinical activity in advanced solid tumors. This open-label, phase II trial evaluated cabozantinib in patients with recurrent or refractory glioblastoma (GBM). Methods Patients were initially enrolled at a starting dose of 140 mg/day, but the starting dose was amended to 100 mg/day because of toxicity. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate assessed by an independent radiology facility using modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. Additional endpoints included duration of response, 6-month and median progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. Results Among 152 patients naive to prior antiangiogenic therapy, the objective response rate was 17.6% and 14.5% in the 140 mg/day and 100 mg/day groups, respectively, which did not meet the predefined statistical target for success. The proportions of patients alive and progression free at 6 months were 22.3% and 27.8%, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 3.7 months in both groups, and median overall survival was 7.7 months and 10.4 months, respectively. The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) was 79.4% and 84.7% in the 140 mg/day and 100 mg/day groups, respectively, and dose reductions due to AEs were experienced by 61.8% and 72.0%, respectively. Common grade 3/4 AEs included fatigue, diarrhea, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. Conclusions Cabozantinib showed evidence of clinical activity in patients with recurrent GBM naive to antiangiogenic therapy, although the predefined statistical target for success was not met. At the starting doses assessed, AEs were frequently managed with dose reductions. Clinical Trials Registration Number NCT00704288 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00704288).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - John de Groot
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - Michael D Prados
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - David Schiff
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - Marc Chamberlain
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - Annick Desjardins
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - Jaymes Holland
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - Jerry Ping
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - Ron Weitzman
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.Y.W, J.D.); The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.dG.); University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Center Building, San Francisco, California (M.D.P.); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.A.R., A.D.); Neuro-Oncology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia (D.S.); University of Washington, Department of Neurology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (M.C.); Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan (T.M.); Exelixis, South San Francisco, California (J.H., J.P., R.W.); The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (T.F.C.)
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A New Patient-Derived Metastatic Glioblastoma Cell Line: Characterisation and Response to Sodium Selenite Anticancer Agent. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010012. [PMID: 30583471 PMCID: PMC6356827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumors are very heterogeneous, organized in a hierarchical pattern, including cancer stem cells (CSC), and are responsible for development, maintenance, and cancer relapse. Therefore, it is relevant to establish new GBM cell lines with CSC characteristics to develop new treatments. A new human GBM cell line, named R2J, was established from the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) of a patient affected by GBM with leptomeningeal metastasis. R2J cells exhibits an abnormal karyotype and form self-renewable spheres in a serum-free medium. Original tumor, R2J, cultured in monolayer (2D) and in spheres showed a persistence expression of CD44, CD56 (except in monolayer), EGFR, Ki67, Nestin, and vimentin. The R2J cell line is tumorigenic and possesses CSC properties. We tested in vitro the anticancer effects of sodium selenite (SS) compared to temozolomide TMZ. SS was absorbed by R2J cells, was cytotoxic, induced an oxidative stress, and arrested cell growth in G2M before inducing both necrosis and apoptosis via caspase-3. SS also modified dimethyl-histone-3-lysine-9 (H3K9m2) levels and decreased histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, suggesting anti-invasiveness potential. This study highlights the value of this new GBM cell line for preclinical modeling of clinically relevant, patient specific GBM and opens a therapeutic window to test SS to target resistant and recurrent GBM.
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Khani P, Nasri F, Khani Chamani F, Saeidi F, Sadri Nahand J, Tabibkhooei A, Mirzaei H. Genetic and epigenetic contribution to astrocytic gliomas pathogenesis. J Neurochem 2018; 148:188-203. [PMID: 30347482 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytic gliomas are the most common and lethal form of intracranial tumors. These tumors are characterized by a significant heterogeneity in terms of cytopathological, transcriptional, and (epi)genomic features. This heterogeneity has made these cancers one of the most challenging types of cancers to study and treat. To uncover these complexities and to have better understanding of the disease initiation and progression, identification, and characterization of underlying cellular and molecular pathways related to (epi)genetics of astrocytic gliomas is crucial. Here, we discuss and summarize molecular and (epi)genetic mechanisms that provide clues as to the pathogenesis of astrocytic gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Khani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Nasri
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Khani Chamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzane Saeidi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tabibkhooei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Wu Y, Fan Q, Zeng F, Zhu J, Chen J, Fan D, Li X, Duan W, Guo Q, Cao Z, Briley-Saebo K, Li C, Tao X. Peptide-Functionalized Nanoinhibitor Restrains Brain Tumor Growth by Abrogating Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Factor (MET) Signaling. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5488-5498. [PMID: 30067910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and are associated with aggressive growth, high morbidity, and mortality. Aberrant mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) activation occurs in approximately 30% of glioma patients and correlates with poor prognosis, elevated invasion, and increased drug resistance. Therefore, MET has emerged as an attractive target for glioma therapy. In this study, we developed a novel nanoinhibitor by conjugating MET-targeting cMBP peptides on the G4 dendrimer. Compared to the binding affinity of the free peptide ( KD = 3.96 × 10-7 M), the binding affinity of the nanoinhibitor to MET increased 3 orders of magnitude to 1.32 × 10-10 M. This nanoinhibitor efficiently reduced the proliferation and invasion of human glioblastoma U87MG cells in vitro by blocking MET signaling with remarkably attenuated levels of phosphorylated MET ( pMET) and its downstream signaling proteins, such as pAKT and pERK1/2. Although no obvious therapeutic effect was observed after treatment with free cBMP peptide, in vivo T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a significant delay in tumor growth after intravenous injection of the nanoinhibitor. The medium survival in mouse models was extended by 59%, which is similar to the effects of PF-04217903, a small molecule MET inhibitor currently in clinical trials. Immunoblotting studies of tumor homogenate verified that the nanoinhibitor restrained glioma growth by blocking MET downstream signaling. pMET and its downstream proteins pAKT and pERK1/2, which are involved in the survival and invasion of cancer cells, decreased in the nanoinhibitor-treated group by 44.2%, 62.2%, and 32.3%, respectively, compared with those in the control group. In summary, we developed a peptide-functionalized MET nanoinhibitor that showed extremely high binding affinity to MET and effectively inhibited glioma growth by blocking MET downstream signaling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of therapeutic inhibition of glioma growth by blocking MET signaling with a novel nanoinhibitor. Compared to antibodies and chemical inhibitors in clinical trials, the nanoinhibitor blocks MET signaling and provides a new approach for the treatment of glioma with the advantages of high efficiency, affordability, and, most importantly, potentially reduced drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Qi Fan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200011 , China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Dandan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Wenjia Duan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Qinghua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Karen Briley-Saebo
- Department of Radiology , the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200011 , China
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Wang Y, Rapalino O, Heidari P, Loeffler J, Shih HA, Oh K, Mahmood U. C11 Methionine PET (MET-PET) Imaging of Glioblastoma for Detecting Postoperative Residual Disease and Response to Chemoradiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:1024-1028. [PMID: 29913253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Response criteria of glioblastoma after chemoradiation do not account for metabolic changes that occur after treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with C11 methionine (MET) (MET-PET) for detecting changes that occur after chemoradiation therapy and the value of molecular biomarkers for predicting the magnitude of metabolic response. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma undergoing standard chemoradiation treatment were enrolled in this prospective imaging study, with MET-PET scan performed within 3 days after surgical resection and again at 4 weeks after completion of chemoradiation. Near contemporaneous contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 2 weeks of each MET-PET scan. MET-PET imaging was analyzed for maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), SUVmean, and SUVvolume on a multimodality workstation. RESULTS A total of 18 patients underwent baseline postoperative MET-PET imaging, 14 of whom underwent postchemoradiation MET-PET imaging. Among those who showed residual MET-avid disease on immediate postoperative MET-PET scans and underwent postchemoradiation MET-PET imaging (n = 10), mean ΔSUVmax was -40% (range -100% to 0%), mean ΔSUVmean was -35% (range -100% to 0%), and mean ΔSUV volume was -64% (range -100% to 0%). The Δtumor/brain reference was -40% (range -100% to 0%) using SUVmax and -35% (range -100% to 0%) using SUVmean. In contrast, none of the T2-weighted images on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a >25% reduction in abnormal T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal on visual assessment. ΔSUVmax, ΔSUVmean, and ΔSUVvolume correlated with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status (P = .01), but not with epidermal growth factor receptor or c-MET amplification status. All patients were IDH-1 wildtype. CONCLUSIONS MET-PET scanning shows a significant decrease in metabolic signal at 1 month after chemoradiation compared with the immediate postoperative period, even when T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery changed little. MGMT promoter methylation status further predicts differential metabolic responses. MET-PET may be a useful tool for delineation of radiation targets and assessment of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Otto Rapalino
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jay Loeffler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helen A Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Quantification and localization of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase variant transcripts using molecular inversion probes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7072. [PMID: 29728634 PMCID: PMC5935718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic membrane receptor tyrosine kinases such as MET and EGFR, or auto-active variants thereof, are important targets for cancer precision therapy. Targeted inhibition of these oncogenic receptors however invariably leads to resistance, resulting from acquisition of resistance-inducing mutations or from selective outgrowth of a priori resistant tumour cells. Most applied molecular protocols cannot distinguish between intracellular and intercellular heterogeneity of oncogene (variant) expression, which may lead to misinterpretation of the molecular make-up of a cancer and suboptimal application of targeted therapies. We here combined two related techniques to allow semiquantitative and localized in situ detection of specific transcript splice variants using single molecule molecular inversion probe (smMIP)-based next generation sequencing and padlock probe-based rolling circle amplification, respectively. We show highly specific padlock probe-based multiplex detection of MET, METΔ7-8 and METΔ14 transcripts, lacking exons 7-8 and exon 14 respectively, and of EGFR and the auto-active EGFRvIII, lacking exons 2-7. The combination of quantitative transcript variant detection with smMIPs and transcript localization using padlock probes can be used for detection of oncogenic transcripts on the single-cell level, allowing study of tumour heterogeneity. Visualization of tumour heterogeneity can shed light on the biology underlying drug resistance and potentially improve targeted therapeutics.
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42
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Migration/Invasion of Malignant Gliomas and Implications for Therapeutic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041115. [PMID: 29642503 PMCID: PMC5979613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are among cancers with the poorest prognosis, indicated by their association with tumors of high-level morbidity and mortality. Gliomas, the most common primary CNS tumors that arise from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells, have estimated annual incidence of 6.6 per 100,000 individuals in the USA, and 3.5 per 100,000 individuals in Taiwan. Tumor invasion and metastasis are the major contributors to the deaths in cancer patients. Therapeutic goals including cancer stem cells (CSC), phenotypic shifts, EZH2/AXL/TGF-β axis activation, miRNAs and exosomes are relevant to GBM metastasis to develop novel targeted therapeutics for GBM and other brain cancers. Herein, we highlight tumor metastasis in our understanding of gliomas, and illustrate novel exosome therapeutic approaches in glioma, thereby paving the way towards innovative therapies in neuro-oncology.
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43
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Mehta S, Lo Cascio C. Developmentally regulated signaling pathways in glioma invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:385-402. [PMID: 28821904 PMCID: PMC5765207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common, infiltrative, and lethal primary brain tumors affecting the adult population. The grim prognosis for this disease is due to a combination of the presence of highly invasive tumor cells that escape surgical resection and the presence of a population of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells found within these tumors. Several studies suggest that glioma cells have cleverly hijacked the normal developmental program of neural progenitor cells, including their transcriptional programs, to enhance gliomagenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of developmentally regulated signaling pathways that have been found to facilitate glioma growth and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss how the microenvironment and treatment-induced perturbations of these highly interconnected signaling networks can trigger a shift in cellular phenotype and tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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44
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Greish K, Jasim A, Parayath N, Abdelghany S, Alkhateeb A, Taurin S, Nehoff H. Micellar formulations of Crizotinib and Dasatinib in the management of glioblastoma multiforme. J Drug Target 2017; 26:692-708. [PMID: 29251531 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1419357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) defies the currently practiced management of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery and hence, it is associated with a high fatality rate with a median survival of 14.6 months. In our previous work investigating different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we established that a combination of Crizotinib and Dasatinib exerted the most potent effect on different GBM cell lines. In this work, to improve targeted therapy at the site of the tumour and avoid systemic toxicity, we exploited the enhanced permeability and retention effect by designing micellar formulations of these two TKIs. Crizotinib and Dasatinib were successfully encapsulated in poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA) micelles which were then evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, anti-proliferative effect, mode of cell death, efficacy in spheroid models, effect on cell signalling, antiangiogenic potential and in vivo anticancer activity. Our results showed that this combination had induced a potent anti-proliferative effect in four GBM cell lines grown as a monolayer and as a spheroid. The combination was also efficacious in in vitro models of angiogenesis and vascular mimicry. In vivo data showed the enhanced activity of the micellar TKIs compared to free drugs. In conclusion, we proved that micellar formulations of Crizotinib and Dasatinib carry promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Greish
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Anfal Jasim
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Neha Parayath
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Sara Abdelghany
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ali Alkhateeb
- a College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Hayley Nehoff
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Negative control of the HGF/c-MET pathway by TGF-β: a new look at the regulation of stemness in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3210. [PMID: 29238047 PMCID: PMC5870582 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple target inhibition has gained considerable interest in combating drug resistance in glioblastoma, however, understanding the molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between signaling pathways and predicting responses of cancer cells to targeted interventions has remained challenging. Despite the significant role attributed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET signaling in glioblastoma pathogenesis, their functional interactions have not been well characterized. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches to stimulate or antagonize the TGF-β pathway in human glioma-initiating cells (GIC), we observed that TGF-β exerts an inhibitory effect on c-MET phosphorylation. Inhibition of either mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) signaling pathway attenuated this effect. A comparison of c-MET-driven and c-MET independent GIC models revealed that TGF-β inhibits stemness in GIC at least in part via its negative regulation of c-MET activity, suggesting that stem cell (SC) maintenance may be controlled by the balance between these two oncogenic pathways. Importantly, immunohistochemical analyses of human glioblastoma and ex vivo single-cell gene expression profiling of TGF-β and HGF confirm the negative interaction between both pathways. These novel insights into the crosstalk of two major pathogenic pathways in glioblastoma may explain some of the disappointing results when targeting either pathway alone in human glioblastoma patients and inform on potential future designs on targeted pharmacological or genetic intervention.
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46
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Jung N, Kwon HJ, Jung HJ. Downregulation of mitochondrial UQCRB inhibits cancer stem cell-like properties in glioblastoma. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:241-251. [PMID: 29115404 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cell targeted therapies have become a powerful strategy for the treatment of this deadliest brain tumor. We demonstrate for the first time that downregulation of mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein (UQCRB) inhibits the cancer stem cell-like properties in human glioblastoma cells. The synthetic small molecules targeting UQCRB significantly suppressed not only the self-renewal capacity such as growth and neurosphere formation, but also the metastatic potential such as migration and invasion of glioblastoma stem‑like cells (GSCs) derived from U87MG and U373MG at subtoxic concentrations. Notably, the UQCRB inhibitors repressed c‑Met-mediated downstream signal transduction and hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) activation, thereby reducing the expression levels of GSC markers including CD133, Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 in the GSCs. Furthermore, the UQCRB inhibitors decreased mitochondrial ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential in the GSCs, indicating that they regulate the mitochondrial function in GSCs. Indeed, the knockdown of UQCRB gene by UQCRB siRNA significantly inhibited the cancer stem cell-like phenotypes as well as the expression of stemness markers by blocking mitochondrial ROS/HIF‑1α/c‑Met pathway in U87MG GSCs. These findings suggest that UQCRB and its inhibitors could be a new therapeutic target and lead compounds for eliminating cancer stem cells in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Jung
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea
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47
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McCord M, Mukouyama YS, Gilbert MR, Jackson S. Targeting WNT Signaling for Multifaceted Glioblastoma Therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:318. [PMID: 29081735 PMCID: PMC5645527 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway has been of great interest to developmental biologists for decades and has more recently become a central topic for study in cancer biology. It is vital for cell growth and regulation of embryogenesis in many organ systems, particularly the CNS and its associated vasculature. We summarize the role of WNT in CNS development and describe how WNT signaling makes key contributions to malignant glioma stemness, invasiveness, therapeutic resistance, and angiogenesis. The role of WNT in these mechanisms, along with creation and maintainance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), points to the potential of WNT as a multi-faceted target in malignant glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McCord
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetic and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sadhana Jackson
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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48
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Targeting cellular pathways in glioblastoma multiforme. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17040. [PMID: 29263927 PMCID: PMC5661637 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a debilitating disease that is associated with poor prognosis, short median patient survival and a very limited response to therapies. GBM has a very complex pathogenesis that involves mutations and alterations of several key cellular pathways that are involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration and angiogenesis. Therefore, efforts that are directed toward better understanding of GBM pathogenesis are essential to the development of efficient therapies that provide hope and extent patient survival. In this review, we outline the alterations commonly associated with GBM pathogenesis and summarize therapeutic strategies that are aimed at targeting aberrant cellular pathways in GBM.
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49
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Junca A, Villalva C, Tachon G, Rivet P, Cortes U, Guilloteau K, Balbous A, Godet J, Wager M, Karayan-Tapon L. Crizotinib targets in glioblastoma stem cells. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2625-2634. [PMID: 28960893 PMCID: PMC5673924 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are believed to be involved in the mechanisms of tumor resistance, therapeutic failures, and recurrences after conventional glioblastoma therapy. Therefore, elimination of GSCs might be a prerequisite for the development of successful therapeutic strategies. ALK, ROS1, and MET are targeted by Crizotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has been approved for treatment of ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. In this study we investigated ALK, ROS1, and MET status in nine glioblastoma stem cell lines and tumors from which they arise. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), Sanger's direct sequencing, and immunohistochemistry were used to screen genomic rearrangements (or amplifications), genomic mutations, and protein expression, respectively. The immunohistochemical and FISH studies revealed no significant dysregulation of ROS1 in GSCs and associated tumors. Neither amplification nor polysomy of ALK was observed in GSC, but weak overexpression was detected by IHC in three of nine GSCs. Similarly, no MET amplification was found by FISH but three GSCs presented significant immunohistochemical staining. No ALK or MET mutation was found by Sanger's direct sequencing. In this study, we show no molecular rearrangement of ALK, ROS1, and MET that would lead us not to propose, as a valid strategy, the use of crizotinib to eradicate GSCs. However, MET was overexpressed in all GSCs with mesenchymal subtype and three GSCs presented an overexpression of ALK. Therefore, our study corroborates the idea that MET and ALK may assume a role in the tumorigenicity of GSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audelaure Junca
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France
| | - Claire Villalva
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Gaëlle Tachon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases group, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86022, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France
| | - Pierre Rivet
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Ulrich Cortes
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Karline Guilloteau
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Anaïs Balbous
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases group, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86022, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France
| | - Julie Godet
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Michel Wager
- INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases group, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86022, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France.,INSERM U-1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Cellular Therapies in Brain Diseases group, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86022, France.,Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, Poitiers University, Poitiers, F-86073, France
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Brastianos PK, Nayyar N, Rosebrock D, Leshchiner I, Gill CM, Livitz D, Bertalan MS, D'Andrea M, Hoang K, Aquilanti E, Chukwueke UN, Kaneb A, Chi A, Plotkin S, Gerstner ER, Frosch MP, Suva ML, Cahill DP, Getz G, Batchelor TT. Resolving the phylogenetic origin of glioblastoma via multifocal genomic analysis of pre-treatment and treatment-resistant autopsy specimens. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:33. [PMID: 29872714 PMCID: PMC5871833 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are malignant neoplasms composed of diverse cell populations. This intratumoral diversity has an underlying architecture, with a hierarchical relationship through clonal evolution from a common ancestor. Therapies are limited by emergence of resistant subclones from this phylogenetic reservoir. To characterize this clonal ancestral origin of recurrent tumors, we determined phylogenetic relationships using whole exome sequencing of pre-treatment IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastoma specimens, matched to post-treatment autopsy samples (n = 9) and metastatic extracranial post-treatment autopsy samples (n = 3). We identified “truncal” genetic events common to the evolutionary ancestry of the initial specimen and later recurrences, thereby inferring the identity of the precursor cell population. Mutations were identified in a subset of cases in known glioblastoma genes such as NF1(n = 3), TP53(n = 4) and EGFR(n = 5). However, by phylogenetic analysis, there were no protein-coding mutations as recurrent truncal events across the majority of cases. In contrast, whole copy-loss of chromosome 10 (12 of 12 cases), copy-loss of chromosome 9p21 (11 of 12 cases) and copy-gain in chromosome 7 (10 of 12 cases) were identified as shared events in the majority of cases. Strikingly, mutations in the TERT promoter were also identified as shared events in all evaluated pairs (9 of 9). Thus, we define four truncal non-coding genomic alterations that represent early genomic events in gliomagenesis, that identify the persistent cellular reservoir from which glioblastoma recurrences emerge. Therapies to target these key early genomic events are needed. These findings offer an evolutionary explanation for why precision therapies that target protein-coding mutations lack efficacy in GBM. Non-coding and structural alterations may be early drivers of brain cancer development. A team led by Priscilla Brastianos and Tracy Batchelor from Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA, analyzed the genetic landscape of glioblastoma by comparing pre-treatment and autopsy tumor specimens from 12 patients who died of the aggressive brain cancer. They identified a common set of four genetic events that occurred early in the evolution of nearly every patient’s cancer: three losses or gains of chromosome regions or entire chromosomes, and mutations in the gene-activating promoter of TERT, which encodes an enzyme implicated in the cancer’s growth. The findings help explain why therapies that target protein-coding mutations don’t work in brain cancer when they do in other tumor types. They also point to new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla K Brastianos
- 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Naema Nayyar
- 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - Corey M Gill
- 4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Dimitri Livitz
- 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Mia S Bertalan
- 4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Megan D'Andrea
- 4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Kaitlin Hoang
- 4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Elisa Aquilanti
- 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Ugonma N Chukwueke
- 4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Andrew Kaneb
- 4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Andrew Chi
- 6Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Scott Plotkin
- 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gerstner
- 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Mathew P Frosch
- 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,7Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Mario L Suva
- 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,7Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- 3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,8Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Gad Getz
- 2Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,7Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,3Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,4Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA.,5Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts USA
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