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Sioen S, Vanhove O, Vanderstraeten B, De Wagter C, Engelbrecht M, Vandevoorde C, De Kock E, Van Goethem MJ, Vral A, Baeyens A. Impact of proton therapy on the DNA damage induction and repair in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16995. [PMID: 37813904 PMCID: PMC10562436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy is of great interest to pediatric cancer patients because of its optimal depth dose distribution. In view of healthy tissue damage and the increased risk of secondary cancers, we investigated DNA damage induction and repair of radiosensitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) exposed to therapeutic proton and photon irradiation due to their role in radiation-induced leukemia. Human CD34+ HSPCs were exposed to 6 MV X-rays, mid- and distal spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) protons at doses ranging from 0.5 to 2 Gy. Persistent chromosomal damage was assessed with the micronucleus assay, while DNA damage induction and repair were analyzed with the γ-H2AX foci assay. No differences were found in induction and disappearance of γ-H2AX foci between 6 MV X-rays, mid- and distal SOBP protons at 1 Gy. A significantly higher number of micronuclei was found for distal SOBP protons compared to 6 MV X-rays and mid- SOBP protons at 0.5 and 1 Gy, while no significant differences in micronuclei were found at 2 Gy. In HSPCs, mid-SOBP protons are as damaging as conventional X-rays. Distal SOBP protons showed a higher number of micronuclei in HSPCs depending on the radiation dose, indicating possible changes of the in vivo biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sioen
- Radiobiology, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Oniecha Vanhove
- Radiobiology, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Vanderstraeten
- Medical Physics, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carlos De Wagter
- Medical Physics, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monique Engelbrecht
- Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, iThemba LABS (NRF), Cape Town, 7131, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, iThemba LABS (NRF), Cape Town, 7131, South Africa
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Evan De Kock
- Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, iThemba LABS (NRF), Cape Town, 7131, South Africa
| | - Marc-Jan Van Goethem
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Vral
- Radiobiology, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ans Baeyens
- Radiobiology, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Jansen van Vuuren A, Bolcaen J, Engelbrecht M, Burger W, De Kock M, Durante M, Fisher R, Martínez-López W, Miles X, Rahiman F, Tinganelli W, Vandevoorde C. Establishment of Primary Adult Skin Fibroblast Cell Lines from African Savanna Elephants ( Loxodonta africana). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2353. [PMID: 37508130 PMCID: PMC10376752 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Following population declines of the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) across the African continent, the establishment of primary cell lines of endangered wildlife species is paramount for the preservation of their genetic resources. In addition, it allows molecular and functional studies on the cancer suppression mechanisms of elephants, which have previously been linked to a redundancy of tumor suppressor gene TP53. This methodology describes the establishment of primary elephant dermal fibroblast (EDF) cell lines from skin punch biopsy samples (diameter: ±4 mm) of African savanna elephants (n = 4, 14-35 years). The applied tissue collection technique is minimally invasive and paves the way for future remote biopsy darting. On average, the first explant outgrowth was observed after 15.75 ± 6.30 days. The average doubling time (Td) was 93.02 ± 16.94 h and 52.39 ± 0.46 h at passage 1 and 4, respectively. Metaphase spreads confirmed the diploid number of 56 chromosomes. The successful establishment of EDF cell lines allows for future elephant cell characterization studies and for research on the cancer resistance mechanisms of elephants, which can be harnessed for human cancer prevention and treatment and contributes to the conservation of their genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amèlia Jansen van Vuuren
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
- Department of Medical Biosciences (MBS), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town 7530, South Africa
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
| | - Monique Engelbrecht
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
| | - Willem Burger
- Dr Willem Burger Consulting, Mossel Bay 6503, South Africa
| | - Maryna De Kock
- Department of Medical Biosciences (MBS), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town 7530, South Africa
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität (TU) Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Randall Fisher
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
| | - Wilner Martínez-López
- Genetics Department and Biodosimetry Service, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Xanthene Miles
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
| | - Farzana Rahiman
- Department of Medical Biosciences (MBS), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town 7530, South Africa
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Maier A, Bailey T, Hinrichs A, Lerchl S, Newman RT, Fournier C, Vandevoorde C. Experimental Setups for In Vitro Studies on Radon Exposure in Mammalian Cells-A Critical Overview. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20095670. [PMID: 37174189 PMCID: PMC10178159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring radon and its short lived progeny are the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking, and the main risk factor for non-smokers. The radon progeny, mainly Polonium-218 (218Po) and Polonium-214 (214Po), are responsible for the highest dose deposition in the bronchial epithelium via alpha-decay. These alpha-particles release a large amount of energy over a short penetration range, which results in severe and complex DNA damage. In order to unravel the underlying biological mechanisms which are triggered by this complex DNA damage and eventually give rise to carcinogenesis, in vitro radiobiology experiments on mammalian cells have been performed using radon exposure setups, or radon analogues, which mimic alpha-particle exposure. This review provides an overview of the different experimental setups, which have been developed and used over the past decades for in vitro radon experiments. In order to guarantee reliable results, the design and dosimetry of these setups require careful consideration, which will be emphasized in this work. Results of these in vitro experiments, particularly on bronchial epithelial cells, can provide valuable information on biomarkers, which can assist to identify exposures, as well as to study the effects of localized high dose depositions and the heterogeneous dose distribution of radon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tarryn Bailey
- Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, NRF-iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7129, South Africa
| | - Annika Hinrichs
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Physics Department, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvie Lerchl
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Richard T Newman
- Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, NRF-iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7129, South Africa
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Ebner DK, Shimokawa T, Tinganelli W, Vandevoorde C. Editorial: New frontiers in radiobiology. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1181656. [PMID: 37050959 PMCID: PMC10083477 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1181656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Ebner
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel K. Ebner
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Takashi Shimokawa
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
- Walter Tinganelli
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
- Charlot Vandevoorde
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Cunningham C, Bolcaen J, Bisio A, Genis A, Strijdom H, Vandevoorde C. Recombinant Endostatin as a Potential Radiosensitizer in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:219. [PMID: 37259367 PMCID: PMC9961924 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over the past decades, tumour angiogenesis has been intensely studied in the treatment of NSCLC due to its fundamental role in cancer progression. Several anti-angiogenic drugs, such as recombinant endostatin (RE), have been evaluated in several preclinical and clinical trials, with mixed and often disappointing results. However, there is currently an emerging interest in RE due to its ability to create a vascular normalization window, which could further improve treatment efficacy of the standard NSCLC treatment. This review provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies that combined RE and radiotherapy for NSCLC treatment. Furthermore, it highlights the ongoing challenges that have to be overcome in order to maximize the benefit; as well as the potential advantage of combinations with particle therapy and immunotherapy, which are rapidly gaining momentum in the treatment landscape of NSCLC. Different angiogenic and immunosuppressive effects are observed between particle therapy and conventional X-ray radiotherapy. The combination of RE, particle therapy and immunotherapy presents a promising future therapeutic triad for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnay Cunningham
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
- Radiation Biophysics Division, SSC Laboratory, NRF Ithemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Radiation Biophysics Division, SSC Laboratory, NRF Ithemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Amanda Genis
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Thibaud V, Vandevoorde C, Bron D. External validation of the HEMA-4 score: a simple clini-co-biological tool to identify frailty in clinically fit older patients with hematological malignancies. J Geriatr Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(22)00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Selepe MA, Kunyane P, Seboletswe P, Nair S, Cele N, Engelbrecht M, Joubert DF, Vandevoorde C, Singh P, Sonopo MS. Synthesis and evaluation of benzoylbenzofurans and isoflavone derivatives as sirtuin 1 inhibitors with antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106101. [PMID: 35998518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavone derivatives were prepared from benzoylbenzofuran precursors. The synthesized compounds were analyzed by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to confirm their structures. The benzoylbenzofuran and isoflavone analogues were evaluated for inhibition of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Several isoflavone and benzoylbenzofuran derivatives exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line. Most of the isoflavone derivatives attenuated SIRT1 activity to below 50%. The most active compounds were the isoflavone quinones 38, 39, and 40, at IC50 values of 5.58 ± 0.373, 1.62 ± 0.0720, and 7.24 ± 0.823 μM, respectively. Importantly, the most active compound, 6-methoxy-4',6'-dimethylisoflavone-2',5'-quinone (39) displayed SIRT1 inhibitory activity comparable to that of the reference compound, suramin. The in silico docking simulations in the active site of SIRT1 further substantiated the experimental results and explored the binding orientations of potent compounds in the active site of the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoalosi A Selepe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Rd, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Phaladi Kunyane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Rd, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Pule Seboletswe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, NRF-iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
| | - Nosipho Cele
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Monique Engelbrecht
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, NRF-iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
| | - Daniël F Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Rd, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Separated Sector Cyclotron Laboratory, NRF-iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Molahlehi S Sonopo
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Ltd, Pelindaba, Brits 0240, South Africa.
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Nair S, Cairncross S, Miles X, Engelbrecht M, du Plessis P, Bolcaen J, Fisher R, Ndimba R, Cunningham C, Martínez-López W, Schunck C, Vandevoorde C. An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 35001906 DOI: 10.3791/62623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a potent inducer of DNA damage and a well-documented carcinogen. Biological dosimetry comprises the detection of biological effects induced by exposure to ionizing radiation to make an individual dose assessment. This is pertinent in the framework of radiation emergencies, where health assessments and planning of clinical treatment for exposed victims are critical. Since DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are considered to be the most lethal form of radiation-induced DNA damage, this protocol presents a method to detect DNA DSB in blood samples. The methodology is based on the detection of a fluorescent labelled phosphorylated DNA repair protein, namely, γ-H2AX. The use of an automated microscopy platform to score the number of γ-H2AX foci per cell allows a standardized analysis with a significant decrease in the turn-around time. Therefore, the γ-H2AX assay has the potential to be one of the fastest and sensitive assays for biological dosimetry. In this protocol, whole blood samples from healthy adult volunteers will be processed and irradiated in vitro in order to illustrate the usage of the automated and sensitive γ-H2AX foci assay for biodosimetry applications. An automated slide scanning system and analysis platform with an integrated fluorescence microscope is used, which allows the fast, automatic scoring of DNA DSB with a reduced degree of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankari Nair
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS
| | | | - Xanthene Miles
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS
| | | | - Peter du Plessis
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS
| | - Randall Fisher
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS
| | - Roya Ndimba
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS
| | - Charnay Cunningham
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University
| | - Wilner Martínez-López
- Biodosimetry Service, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable and Academic Unit on Radiation Protection, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic
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Vohradsky J, Tran LT, Guatelli S, Chartier L, Vandevoorde C, de Kock EA, Nieto-Camero J, Bolst D, Peracchi S, Höglund C, Rosenfeld AB. Response of SOI microdosimeter in fast neutron beams: experiment and Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Med 2021; 90:176-187. [PMID: 34688192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Monte Carlo codes, Geant4 and MCNP6, were used to characterize the fast neutron therapeutic beam produced at iThemba LABS in South Africa. Experimental and simulation results were compared using the latest generation of Silicon on Insulator (SOI) microdosimeters from the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP). Geant4 and MCNP6 were able to successfully model the neutron gantry and simulate the expected neutron energy spectrum produced from the reaction by protons bombarding a 9Be target. The neutron beam was simulated in a water phantom and its characteristics recorded by the silicon microdosimeters; bare and covered by a 10B enriched boron carbide converter, at different positions. The microdosimetric quantities calculated using Geant4 and MCNP6 are in agreement with experimental measurements. The thermal neutron sensitivity and production of 10B capture products in the p+ boron-implanted dopant regions of the Bridge microdosimeter is investigated. The obtained results are useful for the future development of dedicated SOI microdosimeters for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). This paper provides a benchmark comparison of Geant4 and MCNP6 capabilities in the context of further applications of these codes for neutron microdosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Vohradsky
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Linh T Tran
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Lachlan Chartier
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | | | | | - Jaime Nieto-Camero
- iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Bolst
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stefania Peracchi
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Carina Höglund
- European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund, Sweden; Department of Physics, Thin Film Physics Division, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Anatoly B Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
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Cunningham C, de Kock M, Engelbrecht M, Miles X, Slabbert J, Vandevoorde C. Radiosensitization Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy. Front Public Health 2021; 9:699822. [PMID: 34395371 PMCID: PMC8358148 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.699822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of proton therapy facilities and the clinical usage of high energy proton beams for cancer treatment has substantially increased over the last decade. This is mainly due to the superior dose distribution of proton beams resulting in a reduction of side effects and a lower integral dose compared to conventional X-ray radiotherapy. More recently, the usage of metallic nanoparticles as radiosensitizers to enhance radiotherapy is receiving growing attention. While this strategy was originally intended for X-ray radiotherapy, there is currently a small number of experimental studies indicating promising results for proton therapy. However, most of these studies used low proton energies, which are less applicable to clinical practice; and very small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Therefore, this proof of principle study evaluates the radiosensitization effect of larger AuNPs in combination with a 200 MeV proton beam. CHO-K1 cells were exposed to a concentration of 10 μg/ml of 50 nm AuNPs for 4 hours before irradiation with a clinical proton beam at NRF iThemba LABS. AuNP internalization was confirmed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, showing a random distribution of AuNPs throughout the cytoplasm of the cells and even some close localization to the nuclear membrane. The combined exposure to AuNPs and protons resulted in an increase in cell killing, which was 27.1% at 2 Gy and 43.8% at 6 Gy, compared to proton irradiation alone, illustrating the radiosensitizing potential of AuNPs. Additionally, cells were irradiated at different positions along the proton depth-dose curve to investigate the LET-dependence of AuNP radiosensitization. An increase in cytogenetic damage was observed at all depths for the combined treatment compared to protons alone, but no incremental increase with LET could be determined. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential of 50 nm AuNPs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of proton therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnay Cunningham
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maryna de Kock
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique Engelbrecht
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Xanthene Miles
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Slabbert
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Miles X, Vandevoorde C, Hunter A, Bolcaen J. MDM2/X Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers for Glioblastoma Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703442. [PMID: 34307171 PMCID: PMC8296304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the MDM2/X-p53 interaction is recognized as a potential anti-cancer strategy, including the treatment of glioblastoma (GB). In response to cellular stressors, such as DNA damage, the tumor suppression protein p53 is activated and responds by mediating cellular damage through DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hence, p53 activation plays a central role in cell survival and the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Alterations and reduced activity of p53 occur in 25-30% of primary GB tumors, but this number increases drastically to 60-70% in secondary GB. As a result, reactivating p53 is suggested as a treatment strategy, either by using targeted molecules to convert the mutant p53 back to its wild type form or by using MDM2 and MDMX (also known as MDM4) inhibitors. MDM2 down regulates p53 activity via ubiquitin-dependent degradation and is amplified or overexpressed in 14% of GB cases. Thus, suppression of MDM2 offers an opportunity for urgently needed new therapeutic interventions for GB. Numerous small molecule MDM2 inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy and/or other targeted agents. In addition, considering the major role of both p53 and MDM2 in the downstream signaling response to radiation-induced DNA damage, the combination of MDM2 inhibitors with radiation may offer a valuable therapeutic radiosensitizing approach for GB therapy. This review covers the role of MDM2/X in cancer and more specifically in GB, followed by the rationale for the potential radiosensitizing effect of MDM2 inhibition. Finally, the current status of MDM2/X inhibition and p53 activation for the treatment of GB is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthene Miles
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alistair Hunter
- Radiobiology Section, Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Bolcaen J, Kleynhans J, Nair S, Verhoeven J, Goethals I, Sathekge M, Vandevoorde C, Ebenhan T. A perspective on the radiopharmaceutical requirements for imaging and therapy of glioblastoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:7911-7947. [PMID: 34335972 PMCID: PMC8315062 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous clinical trials and pre-clinical developments, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains a challenge. The current survival rate of GB averages one year, even with an optimal standard of care. However, the future promises efficient patient-tailored treatments, including targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Advances in radiopharmaceutical development have unlocked the possibility to assess disease at the molecular level allowing individual diagnosis. This leads to the possibility of choosing a tailored, targeted approach for therapeutic modalities. Therapeutic modalities based on radiopharmaceuticals are an exciting development with great potential to promote a personalised approach to medicine. However, an effective targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) for the treatment of GB entails caveats and requisites. This review provides an overview of existing nuclear imaging and TRT strategies for GB. A critical discussion of the optimal characteristics for new GB targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and clinical indications are provided. Considerations for target selection are discussed, i.e. specific presence of the target, expression level and pharmacological access to the target, with particular attention to blood-brain barrier crossing. An overview of the most promising radionuclides is given along with a validation of the relevant radiopharmaceuticals and theranostic agents (based on small molecules, peptides and monoclonal antibodies). Moreover, toxicity issues and safety pharmacology aspects will be presented, both in general and for the brain in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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13
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Bolcaen J, Nair S, Driver CHS, Boshomane TMG, Ebenhan T, Vandevoorde C. Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway Inhibitors for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:626. [PMID: 34209513 PMCID: PMC8308832 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) remains the most fatal brain tumor characterized by a high infiltration rate and treatment resistance. Overexpression and/or mutation of receptor tyrosine kinases is common in GB, which subsequently leads to the activation of many downstream pathways that have a critical impact on tumor progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been investigated to improve the dismal prognosis of GB in an effort to evolve into a personalized targeted therapy strategy with a better treatment outcome. Numerous RTKIs have been approved in the clinic and several radiopharmaceuticals are part of (pre)clinical trials as a non-invasive method to identify patients who could benefit from RTKI. The latter opens up the scope for theranostic applications. In this review, the present status of RTKIs for the treatment, nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of GB is presented. The focus will be on seven tyrosine kinase receptors, based on their central role in GB: EGFR, VEGFR, MET, PDGFR, FGFR, Eph receptor and IGF1R. Finally, by way of analyzing structural and physiological characteristics of the TKIs with promising clinical trial results, four small molecule RTKIs were selected based on their potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Cathryn H. S. Driver
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Brits 0240, South Africa;
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
| | - Tebatso M. G. Boshomane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Department of Science and Technology, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
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Patera V, Prezado Y, Azaiez F, Battistoni G, Bettoni D, Brandenburg S, Bugay A, Cuttone G, Dauvergne D, de France G, Graeff C, Haberer T, Inaniwa T, Incerti S, Nasonova E, Navin A, Pullia M, Rossi S, Vandevoorde C, Durante M. Biomedical Research Programs at Present and Future High-Energy Particle Accelerators. Front Phys 2020; 8:00380. [PMID: 33224942 PMCID: PMC7116397 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical applications at high-energy particle accelerators have always been an important section of the applied nuclear physics research. Several new facilities are now under constructions or undergoing major upgrades. While the main goal of these facilities is often basic research in nuclear physics, they acknowledge the importance of including biomedical research programs and of interacting with other medical accelerator facilities providing patient treatments. To harmonize the programs, avoid duplications, and foster collaboration and synergism, the International Biophysics Collaboration is providing a platform to several accelerator centers with interest in biomedical research. In this paper, we summarize the programs of various facilities in the running, upgrade, or construction phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Patera
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Denis Dauvergne
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR5821, LPSC, GDR MI2B, LabEx PRIMES, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christian Graeff
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastien Incerti
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR5797, Centre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Gradignan, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence: Marco Durante,
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Konings K, Vandevoorde C, Baselet B, Baatout S, Moreels M. Combination Therapy With Charged Particles and Molecular Targeting: A Promising Avenue to Overcome Radioresistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:128. [PMID: 32117774 PMCID: PMC7033551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a central role in the treatment of cancer patients. Over the past decades, remarkable technological progress has been made in the field of conventional radiotherapy. In addition, the use of charged particles (e.g., protons and carbon ions) makes it possible to further improve dose deposition to the tumor, while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Despite these improvements, radioresistance and tumor recurrence are still observed. Although the mechanisms underlying resistance to conventional radiotherapy are well-studied, scientific evidence on the impact of charged particle therapy on cancer cell radioresistance is restricted. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential role that charged particles could play to overcome radioresistance. This review will focus on hypoxia, cancer stem cells, and specific signaling pathways of EGFR, NFκB, and Hedgehog as well as DNA damage signaling involving PARP, as mechanisms of radioresistance for which pharmacological targets have been identified. Finally, new lines of future research will be proposed, with a focus on novel molecular inhibitors that could be used in combination with charged particle therapy as a novel treatment option for radioresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Konings
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Department of Nuclear Medicine, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
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16
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Konings K, Vandevoorde C, Belmans N, Vermeesen R, Baselet B, Walleghem MV, Janssen A, Isebaert S, Baatout S, Haustermans K, Moreels M. The Combination of Particle Irradiation With the Hedgehog Inhibitor GANT61 Differently Modulates the Radiosensitivity and Migration of Cancer Cells Compared to X-Ray Irradiation. Front Oncol 2019; 9:391. [PMID: 31139573 PMCID: PMC6527843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the advantages of charged particles compared to conventional radiotherapy, a vast increase is noted in the use of particle therapy in the clinic. These advantages include an improved dose deposition and increased biological effectiveness. Metastasis is still an important cause of mortality in cancer patients and evidence has shown that conventional radiotherapy can increase the formation of metastasizing cells. An important pathway involved in the process of metastasis is the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Recent studies have demonstrated that activation of the Hh pathway, in response to X-rays, can lead to radioresistance and increased migratory, and invasive capabilities of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effect of X-rays, protons, and carbon ions on cell survival, migration, and Hh pathway gene expression in prostate cancer (PC3) and medulloblastoma (DAOY) cell lines. In addition, the potential modulation of cell survival and migration by the Hh pathway inhibitor GANT61 was investigated. We found that in both cell lines, carbon ions were more effective in decreasing cell survival and migration as well as inducing more significant alterations in the Hh pathway genes compared to X-rays or protons. In addition, we show here for the first time that the Hh inhibitor GANT61 is able to sensitize DAOY medulloblastoma cells to particle radiation (proton and carbon ion) but not to conventional X-rays. This important finding demonstrates that the results of combination treatment strategies with X-ray radiotherapy cannot be automatically extrapolated to particle therapy and should be investigated separately. In conclusion, combining GANT61 with particle radiation could offer a benefit for specific cancer types with regard to cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Konings
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Niels Belmans
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium.,Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Randy Vermeesen
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
| | - Merel Van Walleghem
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ann Janssen
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
| | - Sofie Isebaert
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
| | - Karin Haustermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
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Parisi A, Chiriotti S, De Saint-Hubert M, Van Hoey O, Vandevoorde C, Beukes P, de Kock EA, Symons J, Camero JN, Slabbert J, Mégret P, Debrot E, Bolst D, Rosenfeld A, Vanhavere F. A novel methodology to assess linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness in proton therapy using pairs of differently doped thermoluminescent detectors. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:085005. [PMID: 30650402 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaff20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology for assessing linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in proton therapy beams using thermoluminescent detectors is presented. The method is based on the different LET response of two different lithium fluoride thermoluminescent detectors (LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P) for measuring charged particles. The relative efficiency of the two detector types was predicted using the recently developed Microdosimetric d(z) Model in combination with the Monte Carlo code PHITS. Afterwards, the calculated ratio of the expected response of the two detector types was correlated with the fluence- and dose- mean values of the unrestricted proton LET. Using the obtained proton dose mean LET as input, the RBE was assessed using a phenomenological biophysical model of cell survival. The aforementioned methodology was benchmarked by exposing the detectors at different depths within the spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) of a clinical proton beam at iThemba LABS. The assessed LET values were found to be in good agreement with the results of radiation transport computer simulations performed using the Monte Carlo code GEANT4. Furthermore, the estimated RBE values were compared with the RBE values experimentally determined by performing colony survival measurements with Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells during the same experimental run. A very good agreement was found between the results of the proposed methodology and the results of the in vitro study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Parisi
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK·CEN, Mol, Belgium. University of Mons, Faculty of Engineering, Mons, Belgium. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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18
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Chiriotti S, Parisi A, Vanhavere F, De Saint-Hubert M, Vandevoorde C, Slabbert J, Beukes P, de Kock E, Symons J. MICRODOSIMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF SECONDARY RADIATION IN THE PASSIVE SCATTERED PROTON THERAPY ROOM OF iTHEMBA LABS USING A TISSUE-EQUIVALENT PROPORTIONAL COUNTER. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2018; 182:252-257. [PMID: 29669096 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the dose equivalent at different distances from the isocenter of the proton therapy center at iThemba LABS were previously performed with a tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC). These measurements showed that the scattered radiation levels were one or two orders of magnitude higher in comparison to other passive scattering delivery systems. In order to reduce these radiation levels, additional shielding was installed shortly after the measurements were done. Therefore, the aim of this work is to quantify and assess the reduction of the secondary doses delivered in the proton therapy room at iThemba LABS after the installation of the additional shielding. This has been performed by measuring microdosimetric spectra with a TEPC at 11 locations around the isocenter when a clinical modulated beam of 200 MeV proton was impinging onto a water phantom placed at the isocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiriotti
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | - A Parisi
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | - F Vanhavere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
| | - M De Saint-Hubert
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium
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Debrot E, Tran L, Chartier L, Bolst D, Guatelli S, Vandevoorde C, de Kock E, Beukes P, Symons J, Nieto-Camero J, Prokopovich DA, Chiriotti S, Parisi A, De Saint-Hubert M, Vanhavere F, Slabbert J, Rosenfeld AB. SOI microdosimetry and modified MKM for evaluation of relative biological effectiveness for a passive proton therapy radiation field. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:235007. [PMID: 30468682 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaec2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With more patients receiving external beam radiation therapy with protons, it becomes increasingly important to refine the clinical understanding of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for dose delivered during treatment. Treatment planning systems used in clinics typically implement a constant RBE of 1.1 for proton fields irrespective of their highly heterogeneous linear energy transfer (LET). Quality assurance tools that can measure beam characteristics and quantify or be indicative of biological outcomes become necessary in the transition towards more sophisticated RBE weighted treatment planning and for verification of the Monte Carlo and analytical based models they use. In this study the RBE for the CHO-K1 cell line in a passively delivered clinical proton spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) is determined both in vitro and using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microdosimetry method paired with the modified microdosimetric kinetic model. The RBE along the central axis of a SOBP with 2 Gy delivered at the middle of the treatment field was found to vary between 1.11-1.98 and the RBE for 10% cell survival between 1.07-1.58 with a 250 kVp x-ray reference radiation and between 1.19-2.34 and 0.95-1.41, respectively, for a Co60 reference. Good agreement was found between RBE values calculated from the SOI-microdosimetry-MKM approach and in vitro. A strong correlation between proton lineal energy and RBE was observed particularly in the distal end and falloff of the SOBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Debrot
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Vandevoorde C, Baeyens A, Vral A, Slabbert J. PO-0963: RBE variations along the Bragg curve of a 200 MeV proton beam. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Vandevoorde C, Depuydt J, Veldeman L, De Neve W, Sebastià N, Wieme G, Baert A, De Langhe S, Philippé J, Thierens H, Vral A. In vitro cellular radiosensitivity in relationship to late normal tissue reactions in breast cancer patients: a multi-endpoint case-control study. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:823-836. [PMID: 27586010 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1230238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A minority of patients exhibits severe late normal tissue toxicity after radiotherapy (RT), possibly related to their inherent individual radiation sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate four different candidate in vitro cellular radiosensitivity assays for prediction of late normal tissue reactions, in a retrospective matched case-control set-up of breast cancer patients. METHODS The study population consists of breast cancer patients expressing severe radiation toxicity (12 cases) and no or minimal reactions (12 controls), with a follow-up for at least 3 years. Late adverse reactions were evaluated by comparing standardized photographs pre- and post-RT resulting in an overall cosmetic score and by clinical examination using the LENT-SOMA scale. Four cellular assays on peripheral blood lymphocytes reported to be associated with normal tissue reactions were performed after in vitro irradiation of patient blood samples to compare case and control radiation responses: radiation-induced CD8+ late apoptosis, residual DNA double-strand breaks, G0 and G2 micronucleus assay. RESULTS A significant difference was observed for all cellular endpoints when matched cases and controls were compared both pairwise and grouped. However, it is important to point out that most case-control pairs showed a substantial overlap in standard deviations, which questions the predictive value of the individual assays. The apoptosis assay performed best, with less apoptosis seen in CD8+ lymphocytes of the cases (average: 14.45%) than in their matched controls (average: 30.64%) for 11 out of 12 patient pairs (p < .01). The number of residual DNA DSB was higher in cases (average: 9.92 foci/cell) compared to their matched control patients (average: 9.17 foci/cell) (p < .01). The average dose response curve of the G0 MN assay for cases lies above the average dose response curve of the controls. Finally, a pairwise comparison of the G2 MN results showed a higher MN yield for cases (average: 351 MN/1000BN) compared to controls (average: 219 MN/1000BN) in 9 out of 10 pairs (p < .01). CONCLUSION This matched case-control study in breast cancer patients, using different endpoints for in vitro cellular radiosensitivity related to DNA repair and apoptosis, suggests that patients' intrinsic radiosensitivity is involved in the development of late normal tissue reactions after RT. Larger prospective studies are warranted to validate the retrospective findings and to use in vitro cellular assays in the future to predict late normal tissue radiosensitivity and discriminate individuals with marked RT responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlot Vandevoorde
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium.,b National Research Foundation (NRF) , iThemba LABS , Somerset West , South Africa
| | - Julie Depuydt
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Liv Veldeman
- c Department of Radiotherapy , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Wilfried De Neve
- c Department of Radiotherapy , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Natividad Sebastià
- d Radiation Protection Service , IISLAFE , Valencia , Spain.,e Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Imagen GIBI230 , IISLAFE , Valencia , Spain
| | - Greet Wieme
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium.,f Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Annelot Baert
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Sofie De Langhe
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- g Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Hubert Thierens
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- a Ghent University , Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Ghent , Belgium
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Vandevoorde C, Depuydt J, Veldeman L, De Neve W, Sebastià N, Wieme G, Baert A, De Langhe S, Philippé J, Vral A, Thierens H. O39. In vitro cellular radiosensitivity assays as predictor of radiotherapy related late toxicity in breast cancer patients. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Vandevoorde C, Thierens H, Vral A, Vandekerckhove B, Slabbert J. O38. Radiosensitivity of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells: A target for radiation-induced leukemia. Phys Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Moquet J, Barnard S, Staynova A, Lindholm C, Monteiro Gil O, Martins V, Rößler U, Vral A, Vandevoorde C, Wojewódzka M, Rothkamm K. The second gamma-H2AX assay inter-comparison exercise carried out in the framework of the European biodosimetry network (RENEB). Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:58-64. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1207822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Moquet
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Albena Staynova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Carita Lindholm
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Octávia Monteiro Gil
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, C2TN, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal
| | - Vanda Martins
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, C2TN, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal
| | - Ute Rößler
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Anne Vral
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Themba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - Maria Wojewódzka
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radio-Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Vandevoorde C, Vral A, Vandekerckhove B, Philippé J, Thierens H. Radiation Sensitivity of Human CD34+Cells Versus Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes of Newborns and Adults: DNA Repair and Mutagenic Effects. Radiat Res 2016; 185:580-90. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14109.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Franck C, Vandevoorde C, Goethals I, Smeets P, Achten E, Verstraete K, Thierens H, Bacher K. The role of Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) in patient-specific organ dose and cancer risk estimation in paediatric chest and abdominopelvic CT examinations. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:2646-55. [PMID: 26670320 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Vandevoorde C, Gomolka M, Roessler U, Samaga D, Lindholm C, Fernet M, Hall J, Pernot E, El-Saghire H, Baatout S, Kesminiene A, Thierens H. EPI-CT: in vitro assessment of the applicability of the γ-H2AX-foci assay as cellular biomarker for exposure in a multicentre study of children in diagnostic radiology. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:653-63. [PMID: 25968559 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1047987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a feasibility study on the application of the γ-H2AX foci assay as an exposure biomarker in a prospective multicentre paediatric radiology setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A set of in vitro experiments was performed to evaluate technical hurdles related to biological sample collection in a paediatric radiology setting (small blood sample volume), processing and storing of blood samples (effect of storing blood at 4°C), the reliability of foci scoring for low-doses (merge γ-H2AX/53BP1 scoring), as well as the impact of contrast agent administration as potential confounding factor. Given the exploratory nature of this study and the ethical constraints related to paediatric blood sampling, blood samples from adult volunteers were used for these experiments. In order to test the feasibility of pooling the γ-H2AX data when different centres are involved in an international multicentre study, two intercomparison studies in the low-dose range (10-500 mGy) were performed. RESULTS Determination of the number of X-ray induced γ-H2AX foci is feasible with one 2 ml blood sample pre- and post-computed tomography (CT) scan. Lymphocyte isolation and fixation on slides is necessary within 5 h of blood sampling to guarantee reliable results. The possible enhancement effect of contrast medium on the induction of DNA DSB in a patient study can be ruled out if radiation doses and the contrast agent concentration are within diagnostic ranges. The intercomparison studies using in vitro irradiated blood samples showed that the participating laboratories, executing successfully the γ-H2AX foci assay in lymphocytes, were able to rank blind samples in order of lowest to highest radiation dose based on mean foci/cell counts. The dose response of all intercomparison data shows that a dose point of 10 mGy could be distinguished from the sham-irradiated control (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that it is feasible to apply the γ-H2AX foci assay as a cellular biomarker of exposure in a multicentre prospective study in paediatric CT imaging after validating it in an in vivo international pilot study on paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Gomolka
- b Federal Office for Radiation Protection , BfS , Germany
| | - Ute Roessler
- b Federal Office for Radiation Protection , BfS , Germany
| | - Daniel Samaga
- b Federal Office for Radiation Protection , BfS , Germany
| | | | | | - Janet Hall
- e Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon - UMR Inserm 1052 - CNRS 5286 , France
| | - Eileen Pernot
- f Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology , CREAL , Spain
- g Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
- h CIBER Epidemiología y salud P ublica (CIBERESP) , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Sarah Baatout
- i Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK-CEN , Belgium
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Barnard S, Ainsbury EA, Al-hafidh J, Hadjidekova V, Hristova R, Lindholm C, Monteiro Gil O, Moquet J, Moreno M, Rößler U, Thierens H, Vandevoorde C, Vral A, Wojewódzka M, Rothkamm K. The first gamma-H2AX biodosimetry intercomparison exercise of the developing European biodosimetry network RENEB. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 164:265-270. [PMID: 25118318 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the event of a mass casualty radiation incident, the gamma-H2AX foci assay could be a useful tool to estimate radiation doses received by individuals. The rapid processing time of blood samples of just a few hours and the potential for batch processing, enabling high throughput, make the assay ideal for early triage categorisation to separate the 'worried well' from the low and critically exposed by quantifying radiation-induced foci in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Within the RENEB framework, 8 European laboratories have taken part in the first European gamma-H2AX biodosimetry exercise, which consisted of a telescoring comparison of 200 circulated foci images taken from 8 samples, and a comparison of 10 fresh blood lymphocyte samples that were shipped overnight to participating labs 4 or 24 h post-exposure. Despite large variations between laboratories in the dose-response relationship for foci induction, the obtained results indicate that the network should be able to use the gamma-H2AX assay for rapidly identifying the most severely exposed individuals within a cohort who could then be prioritised for accurate chromosome dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - E A Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - J Al-hafidh
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - V Hadjidekova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Hristova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - C Lindholm
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Monteiro Gil
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Grupo de Protecção e Segurança Radiológica, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal
| | - J Moquet
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - M Moreno
- Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - U Rößler
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - H Thierens
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vandevoorde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Vral
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Wojewódzka
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Rothkamm
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
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Kulka U, Ainsbury L, Atkinson M, Barnard S, Smith R, Barquinero JF, Barrios L, Bassinet C, Beinke C, Cucu A, Darroudi F, Fattibene P, Bortolin E, Monaca SD, Gil O, Gregoire E, Hadjidekova V, Haghdoost S, Hatzi V, Hempel W, Herranz R, Jaworska A, Lindholm C, Lumniczky K, M'kacher R, Mörtl S, Montoro A, Moquet J, Moreno M, Noditi M, Ogbazghi A, Oestreicher U, Palitti F, Pantelias G, Popescu I, Prieto MJ, Roch-Lefevre S, Roessler U, Romm H, Rothkamm K, Sabatier L, Sebastià N, Sommer S, Terzoudi G, Testa A, Thierens H, Trompier F, Turai I, Vandevoorde C, Vaz P, Voisin P, Vral A, Ugletveit F, Wieser A, Woda C, Wojcik A. Realising the European network of biodosimetry: RENEB-status quo. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 164:42-5. [PMID: 25205835 PMCID: PMC4401036 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Creating a sustainable network in biological and retrospective dosimetry that involves a large number of experienced laboratories throughout the European Union (EU) will significantly improve the accident and emergency response capabilities in case of a large-scale radiological emergency. A well-organised cooperative action involving EU laboratories will offer the best chance for fast and trustworthy dose assessments that are urgently needed in an emergency situation. To this end, the EC supports the establishment of a European network in biological dosimetry (RENEB). The RENEB project started in January 2012 involving cooperation of 23 organisations from 16 European countries. The purpose of RENEB is to increase the biodosimetry capacities in case of large-scale radiological emergency scenarios. The progress of the project since its inception is presented, comprising the consolidation process of the network with its operational platform, intercomparison exercises, training activities, proceedings in quality assurance and horizon scanning for new methods and partners. Additionally, the benefit of the network for the radiation research community as a whole is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kulka
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany
| | | | - M Atkinson
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - R Smith
- Public Health England, Chilton, UK
| | - J F Barquinero
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - L Barrios
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - C Bassinet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institut für Radiobiologie/Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Cucu
- National Institute of Public Health Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - F Darroudi
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Bortolin
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - O Gil
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - E Gregoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - V Hadjidekova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - V Hatzi
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - W Hempel
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - R Herranz
- Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Jaworska
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Osteraas, Norway
| | - C Lindholm
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Research and Environmental Surveillance, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Lumniczky
- National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R M'kacher
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - S Mörtl
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Montoro
- Fundación para la Investigation del Hospital Universitario la Fe de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Moquet
- Public Health England, Chilton, UK
| | - M Moreno
- Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Noditi
- National Institute of Public Health Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Ogbazghi
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - F Palitti
- University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - G Pantelias
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - I Popescu
- National Institute of Public Health Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M J Prieto
- Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Roch-Lefevre
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - U Roessler
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany
| | - H Romm
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany
| | | | - L Sabatier
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - N Sebastià
- Fundación para la Investigation del Hospital Universitario la Fe de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Sommer
- Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jadrowej, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Terzoudi
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - A Testa
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, L'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - H Thierens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - F Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - I Turai
- National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C Vandevoorde
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - P Vaz
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - P Voisin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - A Vral
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - F Ugletveit
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Osteraas, Norway
| | - A Wieser
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Woda
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vandevoorde C, Franck C, Bacher K, Breysem L, Smet MH, Ernst C, De Backer A, Van De Moortele K, Smeets P, Thierens H. γ-H2AX foci as in vivo effect biomarker in children emphasize the importance to minimize x-ray doses in paediatric CT imaging. Eur Radiol 2014; 25:800-11. [PMID: 25354556 PMCID: PMC4328121 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Investigation of DNA damage induced by CT x-rays in paediatric patients versus patient dose in a multicentre setting. Methods From 51 paediatric patients (median age, 3.8 years) who underwent an abdomen or chest CT examination in one of the five participating radiology departments, blood samples were taken before and shortly after the examination. DNA damage was estimated by scoring γ-H2AX foci in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Patient-specific organ and tissue doses were calculated with a validated Monte Carlo program. Individual lifetime attributable risks (LAR) for cancer incidence and mortality were estimated according to the BEIR VII risk models. Results Despite the low CT doses, a median increase of 0.13 γ-H2AX foci/cell was observed. Plotting the induced γ-H2AX foci versus blood dose indicated a low-dose hypersensitivity, supported also by an in vitro dose–response study. Differences in dose levels between radiology centres were reflected in differences in DNA damage. LAR of cancer mortality for the paediatric chest CT and abdomen CT cohort was 0.08 and 0.13 ‰ respectively. Conclusion CT x-rays induce DNA damage in paediatric patients even at low doses and the level of DNA damage is reduced by application of more effective CT dose reduction techniques and paediatric protocols. Key Points • CT induces a small, significant number of double-strand DNA breaks in children. • More effective CT dose reduction results in less DNA damage. • Risk estimates based on the LNT hypothesis may represent underestimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vandevoorde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium,
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Ainsbury EA, Barnard S, Barrios L, Fattibene P, de Gelder V, Gregoire E, Lindholm C, Lloyd D, Nergaard I, Rothkamm K, Romm H, Scherthan H, Thierens H, Vandevoorde C, Woda C, Wojcik A. Multibiodose radiation emergency triage categorization software. Health Phys 2014; 107:83-89. [PMID: 24849907 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this note, the authors describe the MULTIBIODOSE software, which has been created as part of the MULTIBIODOSE project. The software enables doses estimated by networks of laboratories, using up to five retrospective (biological and physical) assays, to be combined to give a single estimate of triage category for each individual potentially exposed to ionizing radiation in a large scale radiation accident or incident. The MULTIBIODOSE software has been created in Java. The usage of the software is based on the MULTIBIODOSE Guidance: the program creates a link to a single SQLite database for each incident, and the database is administered by the lead laboratory. The software has been tested with Java runtime environment 6 and 7 on a number of different Windows, Mac, and Linux systems, using data from a recent intercomparison exercise. The Java program MULTIBIODOSE_1.0.jar is freely available to download from http://www.multibiodose.eu/software or by contacting the software administrator: MULTIBIODOSE-software@gmx.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- *Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0RQ; †Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; ‡Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy; §Universiteit Gent, Belgium; **Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, France; ††Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Finland; ‡‡Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Germany; §§Inst. für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Univ. Ulm, Germany; ***Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; †††Stockholm University, Sweden
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Thierens H, Vral A, Vandevoorde C, Vandersickel V, de Gelder V, Romm H, Oestreicher U, Rothkamm K, Barnard S, Ainsbury E, Sommer S, Beinke C, Wojcik A. Is a semi-automated approach indicated in the application of the automated micronucleus assay for triage purposes? Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 159:87-94. [PMID: 24743767 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Within the EU MULTIBIODOSE project, the automated micronucleus (MN) assay was optimised for population triage in large-scale radiological emergencies. For MN scoring, two approaches were applied using the Metafer4 platform (MetaSystems, Germany): fully automated scoring and semi-automated scoring with visual inspection of the gallery of MN-positive objects. Dose-response curves were established for acute and protracted whole-body and partial-body exposures. A database of background MN yields was set up, allowing determination of the dose detection threshold in both scoring modes. An analysis of the overdispersion of the MN frequency distribution σ(2)/µ obtained by semi-automated scoring showed that the value of this parameter represents a reliability check of the calculated equivalent total body dose in case the accident overexposure is a partial-body exposure. The elaborated methodology was validated in an accident training exercise. Overall, the semi-automated scoring procedure represents important added value to the automated MN assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Thierens
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - A Vral
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - C Vandevoorde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - V Vandersickel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - V de Gelder
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - H Romm
- Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - S Sommer
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - A Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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El-Saghire H, Vandevoorde C, Ost P, Monsieurs P, Michaux A, De Meerleer G, Baatout S, Thierens H. Intensity modulated radiotherapy induces pro-inflammatory and pro-survival responses in prostate cancer patients. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1073-83. [PMID: 24435511 PMCID: PMC3977809 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is one of the modern conformal radiotherapies that is widely used within the context of cancer patient treatment. It uses multiple radiation beams targeted to the tumor, however, large volumes of the body receive low doses of irradiation. Using γ-H2AX and global genome expression analysis, we studied the biological responses induced by low doses of ionizing radiation in prostate cancer patients following IMRT. By means of different bioinformatics analyses, we report that IMRT induced an inflammatory response via the induction of viral, adaptive, and innate immune signaling. In response to growth factors and immune-stimulatory signaling, positive regulation in the progression of cell cycle and DNA replication were induced. This denotes pro-inflammatory and pro-survival responses. Furthermore, double strand DNA breaks were induced in every patient 30 min after the treatment and remaining DNA repair and damage signaling continued after 18-24 h. Nine genes belonging to inflammatory responses (TLR3, SH2D1A and IL18), cell cycle progression (ORC4, SMC2 and CCDC99) and DNA damage and repair (RAD17, SMC6 and MRE11A) were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. This study emphasizes that the risk assessment of health effects from the out-of-field low doses during IMRT should be of concern, as these may increase the risk of secondary cancers and/or systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein El-Saghire
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Arlette Michaux
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Hubert Thierens
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Ainsbury EA, Al-Hafidh J, Bajinskis A, Barnard S, Barquinero JF, Beinke C, de Gelder V, Gregoire E, Jaworska A, Lindholm C, Lloyd D, Moquet J, Nylund R, Oestreicher U, Roch-Lefévre S, Rothkamm K, Romm H, Scherthan H, Sommer S, Thierens H, Vandevoorde C, Vral A, Wojcik A. Inter- and intra-laboratory comparison of a multibiodosimetric approach to triage in a simulated, large scale radiation emergency. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 90:193-202. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.868616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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El-Saghire H, Thierens H, Monsieurs P, Michaux A, Vandevoorde C, Baatout S. Gene set enrichment analysis highlights different gene expression profiles in whole blood samples X-irradiated with low and high doses. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:628-38. [PMID: 23484538 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.782448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Health risks from exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) are becoming a concern due to the rapidly growing medical applications of X-rays. Using microarray techniques, this study aims for a better understanding of whole blood response to low and high doses of IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aliquots of peripheral blood samples were irradiated with 0, 0.05, and 1 Gy X-rays. RNA was isolated and prepared for microarray gene expression experiments. Bioinformatic approaches, i.e., univariate statistics and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used for analyzing the data generated. Seven differentially expressed genes were selected for further confirmation using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS Functional analysis of genes differentially expressed at 0.05 Gy showed the enrichment of chemokine and cytokine signaling. However, responsive genes to 1 Gy were mainly involved in tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) pathways. In a second approach, GSEA showed a higher statistical ranking of inflammatory and immune-related gene sets that are involved in both responding and/or secretion of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. This indicates the activation of the immune response. Whereas, gene sets enriched at 1 Gy were 'classical' radiation pathways like p53 signaling, apoptosis, DNA damage and repair. Comparative RT-PCR studies showed the significant induction of chemokine-related genes (PF4, GNG11 and CCR4) at 0.05 Gy and DNA damage and repair genes at 1 Gy (DDB2, AEN and CDKN1A). CONCLUSIONS This study moves a step forward in understanding the different cellular responses to low and high doses of X-rays. In addition to that, and in a broader context, it addresses the need for more attention to the risk assessment of health effects resulting from the exposure to low doses of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein El-Saghire
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.
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Eberlein U, Bröer JH, Vandevoorde C, Santos P, Bardiès M, Bacher K, Nosske D, Lassmann M. Biokinetics and dosimetry of commonly used radiopharmaceuticals in diagnostic nuclear medicine - a review. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38:2269-81. [PMID: 21877166 PMCID: PMC3218267 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact on patients' health of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine diagnostics has not until now been evaluated systematically in a European context. Therefore, as part of the EU-funded Project PEDDOSE.NET ( www.peddose.net ), we review and summarize the current knowledge on biokinetics and dosimetry of commonly used diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS A detailed literature search on published biokinetic and dosimetric data was performed mostly via PubMed ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed ). In principle the criteria for inclusion of data followed the EANM Dosimetry Committee guidance document on good clinical reporting. RESULTS Data on dosimetry and biokinetics can be difficult to find, are scattered in various journals and, especially in paediatric nuclear medicine, are very scarce. The data collection and calculation methods vary with respect to the time-points, bladder voiding, dose assessment after the last data point and the way the effective dose was calculated. In many studies the number of subjects included for obtaining biokinetic and dosimetry data was fewer than ten, and some of the biokinetic data were acquired more than 20 years ago. CONCLUSION It would be of interest to generate new data on biokinetics and dosimetry in diagnostic nuclear medicine using state-of-the-art equipment and more uniform dosimetry protocols. For easier public access to dosimetry data for diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, a database containing these data should be created and maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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