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Quartieri M, Puspitasari A, Vitacchio T, Durante M, Tinganelli W. The role of hypoxia and radiation in developing a CTCs-like phenotype in murine osteosarcoma cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1222809. [PMID: 38033871 PMCID: PMC10687637 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1222809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer treatment has evolved significantly, yet concerns about tumor recurrence and metastasis persist. Within the dynamic tumor microenvironment, a subpopulation of mesenchymal tumor cells, known as Circulating Cancer Stem Cells (CCSCs), express markers like CD133, TrkB, and CD47, making them radioresistant and pivotal to metastasis. Hypoxia intensifies their stemness, complicating their identification in the bloodstream. This study investigates the interplay of acute and chronic hypoxia and radiation exposure in selecting and characterizing cells with a CCSC-like phenotype. Methods: LM8 murine osteosarcoma cells were cultured and subjected to normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. We employed Sphere Formation and Migration Assays, Western Blot analysis, CD133 Cell Sorting, and CD133+ Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis with a focus on TrkB antibody to assess the effects of acute and chronic hypoxia, along with radiation exposure. Results: Our findings demonstrate that the combination of radiation and acute hypoxia enhances stemness, while chronic hypoxia imparts a cancer stem-like phenotype in murine osteosarcoma cells, marked by increased migration and upregulation of CCSC markers, particularly TrkB and CD47. These insights offer a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between radiation, hypoxia, and cellular responses in the context of cancer treatment. Discussion: This study elucidates the complex interplay among radiation, hypoxia, and cellular responses, offering valuable insights into the intricacies and potential advancements in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Quartieri
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anggraeini Puspitasari
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- Biology Division, Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tamara Vitacchio
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Jansen van Vuuren A, Bolcaen J, Engelbrecht M, Burger W, De Kock M, Durante M, Fisher R, Martínez-López W, Miles X, Rahiman F, Tinganelli W, Vandevoorde C. Establishment of Primary Adult Skin Fibroblast Cell Lines from African Savanna Elephants ( Loxodonta africana). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2353. [PMID: 37508130 PMCID: PMC10376752 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Following population declines of the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) across the African continent, the establishment of primary cell lines of endangered wildlife species is paramount for the preservation of their genetic resources. In addition, it allows molecular and functional studies on the cancer suppression mechanisms of elephants, which have previously been linked to a redundancy of tumor suppressor gene TP53. This methodology describes the establishment of primary elephant dermal fibroblast (EDF) cell lines from skin punch biopsy samples (diameter: ±4 mm) of African savanna elephants (n = 4, 14-35 years). The applied tissue collection technique is minimally invasive and paves the way for future remote biopsy darting. On average, the first explant outgrowth was observed after 15.75 ± 6.30 days. The average doubling time (Td) was 93.02 ± 16.94 h and 52.39 ± 0.46 h at passage 1 and 4, respectively. Metaphase spreads confirmed the diploid number of 56 chromosomes. The successful establishment of EDF cell lines allows for future elephant cell characterization studies and for research on the cancer resistance mechanisms of elephants, which can be harnessed for human cancer prevention and treatment and contributes to the conservation of their genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amèlia Jansen van Vuuren
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
- Department of Medical Biosciences (MBS), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town 7530, South Africa
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
| | - Monique Engelbrecht
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
| | - Willem Burger
- Dr Willem Burger Consulting, Mossel Bay 6503, South Africa
| | - Maryna De Kock
- Department of Medical Biosciences (MBS), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town 7530, South Africa
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Technische Universität (TU) Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Randall Fisher
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
| | - Wilner Martínez-López
- Genetics Department and Biodosimetry Service, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Xanthene Miles
- Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC) Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics Division, National Research Foundation (NRF)-iThemba Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (LABS), Cape Town 7100, South Africa
| | - Farzana Rahiman
- Department of Medical Biosciences (MBS), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town 7530, South Africa
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Ebner DK, Shimokawa T, Tinganelli W, Vandevoorde C. Editorial: New frontiers in radiobiology. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1181656. [PMID: 37050959 PMCID: PMC10083477 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1181656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Ebner
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel K. Ebner
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National Institutes of Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Takashi Shimokawa
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
- Walter Tinganelli
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
- Charlot Vandevoorde
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4
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Puspitasari A, Squarcio F, Quartieri M, Totis C, Hitrec T, Takahashi A, Yoshida Y, Hanamura K, Yako T, Cerri M, Simoniello P, Durante M, Tinganelli W. Synthetic torpor protects rats from exposure to accelerated heavy ions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16405. [PMID: 36180516 PMCID: PMC9525701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation or torpor is considered a possible tool to protect astronauts from the deleterious effects of space radiation that contains high-energy heavy ions. We induced synthetic torpor in rats by injecting adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate (5'-AMP) i.p. and maintaining in low ambient temperature room (+ 16 °C) for 6 h immediately after total body irradiation (TBI) with accelerated carbon ions (C-ions). The 5'-AMP treatment in combination with low ambient temperature reduced skin temperature and increased survival following 8 Gy C-ion irradiation compared to saline-injected animals. Analysis of the histology of the brain, liver and lungs showed that 5'-AMP treatment following 2 Gy TBI reduced activated microglia, Iba1 positive cells in the brain, apoptotic cells in the liver, and damage to the lungs, suggesting that synthetic torpor spares tissues from energetic ion radiation. The application of 5'-AMP in combination with either hypoxia or low temperature environment for six hours following irradiation of rat retinal pigment epithelial cells delays DNA repair and suppresses the radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe compared to control cells. We conclude that synthetic torpor protects animals from cosmic ray-simulated radiation and the mechanism involves both hypothermia and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraeini Puspitasari
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Fabio Squarcio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martina Quartieri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Cristina Totis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Hanamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yako
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione Di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.
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5
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Tinganelli W, Weber U, Puspitasari A, Simoniello P, Abdollahi A, Oppermann J, Schuy C, Horst F, Helm A, Fournier C, Durante M. FLASH with carbon ions: tumor control, normal tissue sparing, and distal metastasis in a mouse osteosarcoma model. Radiother Oncol 2022; 175:185-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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6
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Weber U, Tinganelli W, Sokol O, Quartieri M, Puspitasari A, Dokic I, Abdollahi A, Durante M, Haberer T, Debus J, Boscolo D, Voss B, Brons S, Moustafa M, Schuy C, Baack L, Horst F, Zink K, Simeonov Y. FLASH Modalities Track (Oral Presentations) ULTRA-HIGH DOSE RATE (FLASH) CARBON ION IRRADIATION: FIRST IN VITRO AND IN VIVO RESULTS. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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7
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Durante M, Tinganelli W, Weber U. FLASH Modalities Track PROTONS AND CARBON IONS. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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8
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Boscolo D, Kostyleva D, Safari MJ, Anagnostatou V, Äystö J, Bagchi S, Binder T, Dedes G, Dendooven P, Dickel T, Drozd V, Franczack B, Geissel H, Gianoli C, Graeff C, Grahn T, Greiner F, Haettner E, Haghani R, Harakeh MN, Horst F, Hornung C, Hucka JP, Kalantar-Nayestanaki N, Kazantseva E, Kindler B, Knöbel R, Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein N, Lommel B, Mukha I, Nociforo C, Ishikawa S, Lovatti G, Nitta M, Ozoemelam I, Pietri S, Plaß WR, Prochazka A, Purushothaman S, Reidel CA, Roesch H, Schirru F, Schuy C, Sokol O, Steinsberger T, Tanaka YK, Tanihata I, Thirolf P, Tinganelli W, Voss B, Weber U, Weick H, Winfield JS, Winkler M, Zhao J, Scheidenberger C, Parodi K, Durante M. Radioactive Beams for Image-Guided Particle Therapy: The BARB Experiment at GSI. Front Oncol 2021; 11:737050. [PMID: 34504803 PMCID: PMC8422860 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.737050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several techniques are under development for image-guidance in particle therapy. Positron (β+) emission tomography (PET) is in use since many years, because accelerated ions generate positron-emitting isotopes by nuclear fragmentation in the human body. In heavy ion therapy, a major part of the PET signals is produced by β+-emitters generated via projectile fragmentation. A much higher intensity for the PET signal can be obtained using β+-radioactive beams directly for treatment. This idea has always been hampered by the low intensity of the secondary beams, produced by fragmentation of the primary, stable beams. With the intensity upgrade of the SIS-18 synchrotron and the isotopic separation with the fragment separator FRS in the FAIR-phase-0 in Darmstadt, it is now possible to reach radioactive ion beams with sufficient intensity to treat a tumor in small animals. This was the motivation of the BARB (Biomedical Applications of Radioactive ion Beams) experiment that is ongoing at GSI in Darmstadt. This paper will present the plans and instruments developed by the BARB collaboration for testing the use of radioactive beams in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Boscolo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daria Kostyleva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Juha Äystö
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tim Binder
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Timo Dickel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Vasyl Drozd
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Graeff
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tuomas Grahn
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Florian Greiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emma Haettner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Felix Horst
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christine Hornung
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan-Paul Hucka
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Erika Kazantseva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Birgit Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ronja Knöbel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ivan Mukha
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chiara Nociforo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephane Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Plaß
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Heidi Roesch
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fabio Schirru
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christoph Schuy
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Sokol
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Timo Steinsberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Isao Tanihata
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peter Thirolf
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Voss
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Uli Weber
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Helmut Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - John S Winfield
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Winkler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Christoph Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Katia Parodi
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.,Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Tinganelli W, Luoni F, Durante M. What can space radiation protection learn from radiation oncology? Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2021; 30:82-95. [PMID: 34281668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protection from cosmic radiation of crews of long-term space missions is now becoming an urgent requirement to allow a safe colonization of the moon and Mars. Epidemiology provides little help to quantify the risk, because the astronaut group is small and as yet mostly involved in low-Earth orbit mission, whilst the usual cohorts used for radiation protection on Earth (e.g. atomic bomb survivors) were exposed to a radiation quality substantially different from the energetic charged particle field found in space. However, there are over 260,000 patients treated with accelerated protons or heavier ions for different types of cancer, and this cohort may be useful for quantifying the effects of space-like radiation in humans. Space radiation protection and particle therapy research also share the same tools and devices, such as accelerators and detectors, as well as several research topics, from nuclear fragmentation cross sections to the radiobiology of densely ionizing radiation. The transfer of the information from the cancer radiotherapy field to space is manifestly complicated, yet the two field should strengthen their relationship and exchange methods and data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Tinganelli
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Francesca Luoni
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Darmstadt, Germany.
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10
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Helm A, Tinganelli W, Fournier C, Simoniello P, Kurosawa F, Shimokawa T, Durante M. In Reply to Elmali et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 109:1658-1659. [PMID: 33714530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Fournier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fuki Kurosawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Darmstadt, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a rare tumor cell subpopulation induced and selected by the tumor microenvironment's extreme conditions. Under hypoxia and starvation, these aggressive and invasive cells are able to invade the lymphatic and circulatory systems. Escaping from the primary tumor, CTCs enter into the bloodstream to form metastatic deposits or re-establish themselves in cancer's primary site. Although radiotherapy is widely used to cure solid malignancies, it can promote metastasis. Radiation can disrupt the primary tumor vasculature, increasing the dissemination of CTCs. Radiation also induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and eliminates suppressive signaling, causing the proliferation of existent, but previously dormant, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In this review, we collect the results and evidence underlying the molecular mechanisms of CTCs and DTCs and the effects of radiation and hypoxia in developing these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany;
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kartini DA, Sokol O, Wiedemann J, Tinganelli W, Witt M, Camazzola G, Krämer M, Talabnin C, Kobdaj C, Fuss MC. Validation of a pseudo-3D phantom for radiobiological treatment plan verifications. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:225039. [PMID: 32937608 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abb92d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Performing realistic and reliable in vitro biological dose verification with good resolution for a complex treatment plan remains a challenge in particle beam therapy. Here, a new 3D bio-phantom consisting of 96-well plates containing cells embedded into Matrigel matrix was investigated as an alternative tool for biological dose verification. Feasibility tests include cell growth in the Matrigel as well as film dosimetric experiments that rule out the appearance of field inhomogeneities due to the presence of the well plate irregular structure. The response of CHO-K1 cells in Matrigel to radiation was studied by obtaining survival curves following x-ray and monoenergetic 12C ion irradiation, which showed increased radioresistance of 3D cell cultures in Matrigel as compared to a monolayer. Finally, as a proof of concept, a 12C treatment plan was optimized using in-house treatment planning system TRiP98 for uniform cell survival in a rectangular volume and employed to irradiate the 3D phantom. Cell survival distribution in the Matrigel-based phantom was analyzed and compared to cell survival in a reference setup using cell monolayers. Results of both methods were in good agreement and followed the TRiP98 calculation. Therefore, we conclude that this 3D bio-phantom can be a suitable, accurate alternative tool for verifying the biological effect calculated by treatment planning systems, which could be applied to test novel treatment planning approaches involving multiple fields, multiple ion modalities, complex geometries, or unconventional optimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Kartini
- School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Helm A, Tinganelli W, Simoniello P, Kurosawa F, Fournier C, Shimokawa T, Durante M. Reduction of Lung Metastases in a Mouse Osteosarcoma Model Treated With Carbon Ions and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 109:594-602. [PMID: 32980497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of radiation therapy and immunotherapy is recognized as a very promising strategy for metastatic cancer treatment. The purpose of this work is to compare the effectiveness of x-ray and high-energy carbon ion therapy in combination with checkpoint inhibitors in a murine model. METHODS AND MATERIALS We used an osteosarcoma mouse model irradiated with either carbon ions or x-rays in combination with 2 immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4). LM8 osteosarcoma cells were injected in both hind limbs of female C3H/He mice 7 days before exposure to carbon ions or x-rays. In experimental groups receiving irradiation, only the tumor on the left limb was exposed, whereas the tumor on the right limb served as an abscopal mimic. Checkpoint inhibitors were injected intraperitoneally 1 day before exposure as well as concomitant to and after exposure. Tumor growth was measured regularly up to day 21 after exposure, when mice were sacrificed. Both tumors as well as lungs were extracted. RESULTS A reduced growth of the abscopal tumor was most pronounced after the combined protocol of carbon ions and the immune checkpoint inhibitors administered sequentially. Radiation or checkpoint inhibitors alone were not sufficient to reduce the growth of the abscopal tumors. Carbon ions alone reduced the number of lung metastases more efficiently than x-rays, and in combination with immunotherapy both radiation types essentially suppressed the metastasis, with carbon ions being again more efficient. Investigation of the infiltration of immune cells in the abscopal tumors of animals treated with combination revealed an increase in CD8+ cells. CONCLUSIONS Combination of checkpoint inhibitors with high-energy carbon ion radiation therapy can be an effective strategy for the treatment of advanced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fuki Kurosawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Claudia Fournier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Darmstadt, Germany.
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14
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Hitrec T, Tinganelli W, Romani F, Simoniello P, Squarcio F, Piscitiello E, Marchesano V, Luppi M, Occhinegro A, Sioli M, Helm A, Compagnone G, Morganti AG, Amici R, Negrini M, Zoccoli A, Durante M, Cerri M. Gene expression in the liver of the rat induced in synthetic torpor. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maximiliano Sioli
- Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Zoccoli
- Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics
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15
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Helm A, Ebner DK, Tinganelli W, Simoniello P, Bisio A, Marchesano V, Durante M, Yamada S, Shimokawa T. Combining Heavy-Ion Therapy with Immunotherapy: An Update on Recent Developments. Int J Part Ther 2018; 5:84-93. [PMID: 31773022 PMCID: PMC6871592 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-18-00024.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials and case reports of cancer therapies combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy have at times demonstrated total reduction or elimination of metastatic disease. While virtually all trials focus on the use of immunotherapy combined with conventional photon irradiation, the dose-distributive benefits of particles, in particular the distinct biological effects of heavy ions, have unknown potential vis-a-vis systemic disease response. Here, we review recent developments and evidence with a focus on the potential for heavy-ion combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Helm
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Daniel K. Ebner
- Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchesano
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
- Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Trento, Italy
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
The increasing number of centers providing proton or carbon beam therapy underlines the growing importance of charged particle therapy within the spectrum of cancer radiotherapy. Whereas protons are more widely used around the world, carbon ions, which are known to bear a higher efficacy as compared to protons, are still neglected to some extent, especially due to a lack of clinical data on adverse side effects. Yet, an increasing amount of clinical data indicates the distinguished efficacy of carbon ion therapy. Notwithstanding, the radiobiological mechanisms of particle radiation are not completely understood and lag behind advances in technology, which potentially enable new therapy regimens. However, an increased knowledge is required for their application with maximal benefit and sufficient risk estimation. Differential gene expression, distinct molecular mechanisms and signal pathways in the radiation response, and systemic effects, such as increased immunogenicity, and the possibilities of combined treatments arising from them, are important fields of particle radiobiology in which new discoveries and advances have occurred. These aspects are contemplated with respect to an individualization of radiotherapy; radiation type and treatment regimen might be chosen on the basis of the radiosensitivity of the individual and the cancer type. Here, we provide an update on a few recent findings and advances in particle radiobiology. A comprehensive essay on the basics of particle radiobiology is beyond the scope of this article. The focus is directed on a few subjects currently undergoing intense study and which are of current interest with respect to advances in therapy.
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Sokol O, Scifoni E, Tinganelli W, Kraft-Weyrather W, Wiedemann J, Maier A, Boscolo D, Friedrich T, Brons S, Durante M, Krämer M. Oxygen beams for therapy: advanced biological treatment planning and experimental verification. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:7798-7813. [PMID: 28841579 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa88a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays there is a rising interest towards exploiting new therapeutical beams beyond carbon ions and protons. In particular, [Formula: see text]O ions are being widely discussed due to their increased LET distribution. In this contribution, we report on the first experimental verification of biologically optimized treatment plans, accounting for different biological effects, generated with the TRiP98 planning system with [Formula: see text]O beams, performed at HIT and GSI. This implies the measurements of 3D profiles of absorbed dose as well as several biological measurements. The latter includes the measurements of relative biological effectiveness along the range of linear energy transfer values from ≈20 up to ≈750 keV μ [Formula: see text], oxygen enhancement ratio values and the verification of the kill-painting approach, to overcome hypoxia, with a phantom imitating an unevenly oxygenated target. With the present implementation, our treatment planning system is able to perform a comparative analysis of different ions, according to any given condition of the target. For the particular cases of low target oxygenation, [Formula: see text]O ions demonstrate a higher peak-to-entrance dose ratio for the same cell killing in the target region compared to [Formula: see text]C ions. Based on this phenomenon, we performed a short computational analysis to reveal the potential range of treatment plans, where [Formula: see text]O can benefit over lighter modalities. It emerges that for more hypoxic target regions (partial oxygen pressure of ≈0.15% or lower) and relatively low doses (≈4 Gy or lower) the choice of [Formula: see text]O over [Formula: see text]C or [Formula: see text]He may be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sokol
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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18
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Ebner DK, Tinganelli W, Helm A, Bisio A, Simoniello P, Natale F, Yamada S, Kamada T, Shimokawa T, Durante M. Generating and grading the abscopal effect: proposal for comprehensive evaluation of combination immunoradiotherapy in mouse models. Transl Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2017.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ebner DK, Tinganelli W, Helm A, Bisio A, Yamada S, Kamada T, Shimokawa T, Durante M. The Immunoregulatory Potential of Particle Radiation in Cancer Therapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:99. [PMID: 28220126 PMCID: PMC5292767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment, today, consists of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and most recently immunotherapy. Combination immunotherapy-radiotherapy (CIR) has experienced a surge in public attention due to numerous clinical publications outlining the reduction or elimination of metastatic disease, following treatment with specifically ipilimumab and radiotherapy. The mechanism behind CIR, however, remains unclear, though it is hypothesized that radiation transforms the tumor into an in situ vaccine which immunotherapy modulates into a larger immune response. To date, the majority of attention has focused on rotating out immunotherapeutics with conventional radiation; however, the unique biological and physical benefits of particle irradiation may prove superior in generation of systemic effect. Here, we review recent advances in CIR, with a particular focus on the usage of charged particles to induce or enhance response to cancerous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Ebner
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics (TIFPA-INFN), University of Trento, Trentino, Italy
| | - Alexander Helm
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics (TIFPA-INFN), University of Trento, Trentino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Center for Integrative Biology CIBIO, University of Trento, Povo, Trentino, Italy
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marco Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications-National Institute for Nuclear Physics (TIFPA-INFN), University of Trento, Trentino, Italy
- Department of Physics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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20
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Cerri M, Tinganelli W, Negrini M, Helm A, Scifoni E, Tommasino F, Sioli M, Zoccoli A, Durante M. Hibernation for space travel: Impact on radioprotection. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2016; 11:1-9. [PMID: 27993187 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation is a state of reduced metabolic activity used by some animals to survive in harsh environmental conditions. The idea of exploiting hibernation for space exploration has been proposed many years ago, but in recent years it is becoming more realistic, thanks to the introduction of specific methods to induce hibernation-like conditions (synthetic torpor) in non-hibernating animals. In addition to the expected advantages in long-term exploratory-class missions in terms of resource consumptions, aging, and psychology, hibernation may provide protection from cosmic radiation damage to the crew. Data from over half century ago in animal models suggest indeed that radiation effects are reduced during hibernation. We will review the mechanisms of increased radioprotection in hibernation, and discuss possible impact on human space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Negrini
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexander Helm
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scifoni
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Tommasino
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Maximiliano Sioli
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Zoccoli
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Durante
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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21
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Krämer M, Scifoni E, Schuy C, Rovituso M, Tinganelli W, Maier A, Kaderka R, Kraft-Weyrather W, Brons S, Tessonnier T, Parodi K, Durante M. Helium ions for radiotherapy? Physical and biological verifications of a novel treatment modality. Med Phys 2016; 43:1995. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4944593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Allen CP, Tinganelli W, Sharma N, Nie J, Sicard C, Natale F, King M, Keysar SB, Jimeno A, Furusawa Y, Okayasu R, Fujimori A, Durante M, Nickoloff JA. DNA Damage Response Proteins and Oxygen Modulate Prostaglandin E2 Growth Factor Release in Response to Low and High LET Ionizing Radiation. Front Oncol 2015; 5:260. [PMID: 26697402 PMCID: PMC4670845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common cancer therapies employ chemicals or radiation that damage DNA. Cancer and normal cells respond to DNA damage by activating complex networks of DNA damage sensor, signal transducer, and effector proteins that arrest cell cycle progression, and repair damaged DNA. If damage is severe enough, the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers programed cell death by apoptosis or other pathways. Caspase 3 is a protease that is activated upon damage and triggers apoptosis, and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a potent growth factor that can enhance growth of surviving cancer cells leading to accelerated tumor repopulation. Thus, dying tumor cells can promote growth of surviving tumor cells, a pathway aptly named Phoenix Rising. In the present study, we surveyed Phoenix Rising responses in a variety of normal and established cancer cell lines, and in cancer cell lines freshly derived from patients. We demonstrate that IR induces a Phoenix Rising response in many, but not all cell lines, and that PGE2 production generally correlates with enhanced growth of cells that survive irradiation, and of unirradiated cells co-cultured with irradiated cells. We show that PGE2 production is stimulated by low and high LET ionizing radiation, and can be enhanced or suppressed by inhibitors of key DDR proteins. PGE2 is produced downstream of caspase 3 and the cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2, and we show that the pan COX1–2 inhibitor indomethacin blocks IR-induced PGE2 production in the presence or absence of DDR inhibitors. COX1–2 require oxygen for catalytic activity, and we further show that PGE2 production is markedly suppressed in cells cultured under low (1%) oxygen concentration. Thus, Phoenix Rising is most likely to cause repopulation of tumors with relatively high oxygen, but not in hypoxic tumors. This survey lays a foundation for future studies to further define tumor responses to radiation and inhibitors of the DDR and Phoenix Rising to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy with the ultimate goal of precision medicine informed by deep understanding of specific tumor responses to radiation and adjunct chemotherapy targeting key factors in the DDR and Phoenix Rising pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Allen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Darmstadt , Germany ; Research Development and Support Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , Chiba , Japan
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Jingyi Nie
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Cory Sicard
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Francesco Natale
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Maurice King
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Steven B Keysar
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Yoshiya Furusawa
- Research Development and Support Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , Chiba , Japan ; Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , Chiba , Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okayasu
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , Chiba , Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , Chiba , Japan
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Jac A Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
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Tinganelli W, Durante M, Hirayama R, Krämer M, Maier A, Kraft-Weyrather W, Furusawa Y, Friedrich T, Scifoni E. Kill-painting of hypoxic tumours in charged particle therapy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17016. [PMID: 26596243 PMCID: PMC4657060 DOI: 10.1038/srep17016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours often present regions with severe oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), which
are resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Increased radiosensitivity as a
function of the oxygen concentration is well described for X-rays. It has also been
demonstrated that radioresistance in anoxia is reduced using high-LET radiation
rather than conventional X-rays. However, the dependence of the oxygen enhancement
ratio (OER) on radiation quality in the regions of intermediate oxygen
concentrations, those normally found in tumours, had never been measured and
biophysical models were based on extrapolations. Here we present a complete survival
dataset of mammalian cells exposed to different ions in oxygen concentration ranging
from normoxia (21%) to anoxia (0%). The data were used to generate a model of the
dependence of the OER on oxygen concentration and particle energy. The model was
implemented in the ion beam treatment planning system to prescribe uniform cell
killing across volumes with heterogeneous radiosensitivity. The adaptive treatment
plans have been validated in two different accelerator facilities, using a
biological phantom where cells can be irradiated simultaneously at three different
oxygen concentrations. We thus realized a hypoxia-adapted treatment plan, which will
be used for painting by voxel of hypoxic tumours visualized by functional
imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.,Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy and International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 263-8555 Chiba, Japan
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.,Technical University Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ryoichi Hirayama
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy and International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 263-8555 Chiba, Japan
| | - Michael Krämer
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wilma Kraft-Weyrather
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yoshiya Furusawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy and International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 263-8555 Chiba, Japan
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emanuele Scifoni
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Tinganelli W, Ma NY, Von Neubeck C, Maier A, Schicker C, Kraft-Weyrather W, Durante M. Influence of acute hypoxia and radiation quality on cell survival. J Radiat Res 2013; 54 Suppl 1:i23-i30. [PMID: 23824123 PMCID: PMC3700520 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To measure the effect of acute oxygen depletion on cell survival for different types of radiation, experiments have been performed using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and RAT-1 rat prostate cancer cells. A special chamber has been developed to perform irradiations under different levels of oxygenation. The oxygen concentrations used were normoxia (air), hypoxia (94.5% N2, 5% CO2, 0.5% O2) and anoxia (95% N2, 5% CO2). Cells were exposed to X-rays and to C-, N- or O-ions with linear energy transfer (LET) values ranging from 100-160 keV/µm. The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values have been calculated from the measured clonogenic survival curves. For both cell lines, the X-ray OER depended on the survival level. For particle irradiation, OER was not dependent on the survival level but decreased with increasing LET. The RBE of CHO cells under oxic conditions reached a plateau for LET values above 100 keV/µm, while it was still increasing under anoxia. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that our chamber could be used to measure radiosensitivity under intermediate hypoxia. Measurements suggest that ions heavier than carbon could be of additional advantage in the irradiation, especially of radioresistant hypoxic tumor regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- International Open Laboratory, National Institute for Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ning-Yi Ma
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Cläre Von Neubeck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Corinna Schicker
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch, Gladbach, Germany
| | - Wilma Kraft-Weyrather
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Hochschulestraße 3, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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Ma NY, Tinganelli W, Maier A, Durante M, Kraft-Weyrather W. Influence of chronic hypoxia and radiation quality on cell survival. J Radiat Res 2013; 54 Suppl 1:i13-22. [PMID: 23824117 PMCID: PMC3700502 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of chronic hypoxia and anoxia on cell survival after low- and high-LET radiation, CHO-K1 cells were kept for 24 h under chronic hypoxia (94.5% N2; 5% CO2; 0.5% O2) or chronic anoxia (95% N2; 5% CO2). Irradiation was performed using 250 kVp X-rays or carbon ions with a dose average LET of 100 keV/μm either directly under the chronic oxygenation states, or at different time points after reoxygenation. Moreover, the cell cycle distribution for cells irradiated under different chronic oxic states was measured over 24 h during reoxygenation. The measurements showed a fairly uniform cell cycle distribution under chronic hypoxia, similar to normoxic conditions. Chronic anoxia induced a block in G1 and a strong reduction of S-phase cells. A distribution similar to normoxic conditions was reached after 12 h of reoxygenation. CHO cells had a similar survival under both acute and chronic hypoxia. In contrast, survival after irradiation under chronic anoxia was slightly reduced compared to that under acute anoxia. We conclude that, in hamster cells, chronic anoxia is less effective than acute anoxia in inducing radioresistance for both X-rays and carbon ions, whereas in hypoxia, acute and chronic exposures have a similar impact on cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yi Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- International Open Laboratory, National Institute for Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Andreas Maier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Darmstadt University of Technology, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wilma Kraft-Weyrather
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Scifoni E, Tinganelli W, Weyrather WK, Durante M, Maier A, Krämer M. Including oxygen enhancement ratio in ion beam treatment planning: model implementation and experimental verification. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:3871-95. [PMID: 23681217 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/11/3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a method for adapting a biologically optimized treatment planning for particle beams to a spatially inhomogeneous tumor sensitivity due to hypoxia, and detected e.g., by PET functional imaging. The TRiP98 code, established treatment planning system for particles, has been extended for including explicitly the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) in the biological effect calculation, providing the first set up of a dedicated ion beam treatment planning approach directed to hypoxic tumors, TRiP-OER, here reported together with experimental tests. A simple semi-empirical model for calculating the OER as a function of oxygen concentration and dose averaged linear energy transfer, generating input tables for the program is introduced. The code is then extended in order to import such tables coming from the present or alternative models, accordingly and to perform forward and inverse planning, i.e., predicting the survival response of differently oxygenated areas as well as optimizing the required dose for restoring a uniform survival effect in the whole irradiated target. The multiple field optimization results show how the program selects the best beam components for treating the hypoxic regions. The calculations performed for different ions, provide indications for the possible clinical advantages of a multi-ion treatment. Finally the predictivity of the code is tested through dedicated cell culture experiments on extended targets irradiation using specially designed hypoxic chambers, providing a qualitative agreement, despite some limits in full survival calculations arising from the RBE assessment. The comparison of the predictions resulting by using different model tables are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Scifoni
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmoltzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
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