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Wang Y, Liu H, Zhang M, Xu J, Zheng L, Liu P, Chen J, Liu H, Chen C. Epigenetic reprogramming in gastrointestinal cancer: biology and translational perspectives. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e670. [PMID: 39184862 PMCID: PMC11344282 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors, the second leading cause of human mortality, are characterized by their association with inflammation. Currently, progress in the early diagnosis and effective treatment of gastrointestinal tumors is limited. Recent whole-genome analyses have underscored their profound heterogeneity and extensive genetic and epigenetic reprogramming. Epigenetic reprogramming pertains to dynamic and hereditable alterations in epigenetic patterns, devoid of concurrent modifications in the underlying DNA sequence. Common epigenetic modifications encompass DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNA, RNA modifications, and chromatin remodeling. These modifications possess the potential to invoke or suppress a multitude of genes associated with cancer, thereby governing the establishment of chromatin configurations characterized by diverse levels of accessibility. This intricate interplay assumes a pivotal and indispensable role in governing the commencement and advancement of gastrointestinal cancer. This article focuses on the impact of epigenetic reprogramming in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer, as well as other uncommon gastrointestinal tumors. We elucidate the epigenetic landscape of gastrointestinal tumors, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and their interrelationships. Besides, this review summarizes the potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic targets in epigenetic reprogramming, with the aim of assisting clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Mengsha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Liuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jingyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Song P, Gao Z, Bao Y, Chen L, Huang Y, Liu Y, Dong Q, Wei X. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in carcinogenesis and cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:46. [PMID: 38886806 PMCID: PMC11184729 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, encompassing development, tissue homeostasis, and cell proliferation. Under normal physiological conditions, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is meticulously regulated. However, aberrant activation of this pathway and downstream target genes can occur due to mutations in key components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, epigenetic modifications, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. Consequently, these dysregulations contribute significantly to tumor initiation and progression. Therapies targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling transduction have exhibited promising prospects and potential for tumor treatment. An increasing number of medications targeting this pathway are continuously being developed and validated. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the role played by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in carcinogenesis and targeted therapy, providing valuable insights into acknowledging current opportunities and challenges associated with targeting this signaling pathway in cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Song
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Zirui Gao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yige Bao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuhe Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Agent Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
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Lim NR, Chung WC. Helicobacter pylori-associated Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Progression of Gastric Carcinogenesis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2023; 82:171-179. [PMID: 37876256 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation due to a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a representative cause of gastric cancer that can promote gastric carcinogenesis by abnormally activating immune cells and increasing the inflammatory cytokines levels. H. pylori infections directly cause DNA double-strand breaks in gastric epithelial cells and genetic damage by increasing the enzymatic activity of cytidine deaminase. Eventually, gastric cancer is induced through dysplasia. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is an important cause of gastric cancer because of a H. pylori infection. In addition, the changes in gastric microbiota and the mucosal inflammatory changes associated with a co-infection with the Epstein-Barr virus are associated with gastric cancer development. DNA damage induced by H. pylori and the subsequent responses of gastric stem cells have implications for gastric carcinogenesis. Although the pathogenesis of H. pylori has been established, many uncertainties remain, requiring more study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
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Al Shareef Z, Ershaid MNA, Mudhafar R, Soliman SSM, Kypta RM. Dickkopf-3: An Update on a Potential Regulator of the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235822. [PMID: 36497305 PMCID: PMC9738550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) is a member of the Dickkopf family protein of secreted Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) antagonists that appears to modulate regulators of the host microenvironment. In contrast to the clear anti-tumorigenic effects of Dkk-3-based gene therapies, the role of endogenous Dkk-3 in cancer is context-dependent, with elevated expression associated with tumor promotion and suppression in different settings. The receptors and effectors that mediate the diverse effects of Dkk-3 have not been characterized in detail, contributing to an ongoing mystery of its mechanism of action. This review compares the various functions of Dkk-3 in the tumor microenvironment, where Dkk-3 has been found to be expressed by subpopulations of fibroblasts, endothelial, and immune cells, in addition to epithelial cells. We also discuss how the activation or inhibition of Dkk-3, depending on tumor type and context, might be used to treat different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7250
| | - Mai Nidal Asad Ershaid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rula Mudhafar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Robert M. Kypta
- CIC BioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Tian Q, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu K, Zeng Q, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen ZS, He Y. Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:358. [PMID: 36209270 PMCID: PMC9547882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianlin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Takeuchi A, Asano N, Imatani A, Saito M, Jin X, Saito M, Kanno T, Hatta W, Uno K, Koike T, Masamune A. Suppressed Cellular Senescence Mediated by T-box3 in Aged Gastric Epithelial Cells may Contribute to Aging-related Carcinogenesis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:772-783. [PMID: 36923312 PMCID: PMC10010334 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for cancers in various organs. Recent advances in the organoid culturing system have made it viable to investigate the influence of aging utilizing these mini organs. In this study, we aimed to examine the implications of aging for gastric carcinogenesis. Gastric organoids established from aged mice grew larger, proliferated vigorously, and survived longer than that from young mice. Because Wnt/β-catenin signaling was intensified in the aged organoids and because removal of Wnt-related factors diminished their proliferation, we investigated for Wnt target gene that contributed to enhanced proliferation and discovered that the aged organoids expressed the transcription factor T-box3 (Tbx3), which has been reported to suppress cellular senescence. Indeed, cellular senescence was suppressed in the aged organoids, and this resulted from enhanced G2-M transition. As for the mechanism involved in the intensified Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we identified that Dickkopf3 (Dkk3) expression was reduced in the aged organoids due to methylation of the Dkk3 gene. Finally, the expression of TBX3 was enhanced in human atrophic gastritis and even more enhanced in human gastric cancers. In addition, its expression correlated positively with patients' age. These results indicated that the emergence of antisenescent property in aged gastric organoids due to enhanced Tbx3 expression led to accelerated cellular proliferation and organoid formation. Because the enhanced Tbx3 expression seen in aged gastric organoids was also observed in human gastric cancer tissues, this Dkk3-Wnt-Tbx3 pathway may be involved in aging-related gastric carcinogenesis. Significance This work provides an insight into the mechanism involved in aging-related gastric carcinogenesis through studies utilizing organoids established from young and aged murine stomachs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Takeuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masashi Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Xiaoyi Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
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Wang X, Zhou Y, Wang C, Zhao Y, Cheng Y, Yu S, Li X, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Quan H. HCV Core protein represses DKK3 expression via epigenetic silencing and activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during the progression of HCC. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:1998-2009. [PMID: 35768685 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is frequently activated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A number of studies have focused on the aberrant hypermethylation of the DKK family proteins and its role in regulating the activation of specific signaling pathways. However, the exact way by which DKK regulates the signaling pathway caused by Core protein of HCV has not been reported. In the present study, we evaluated the expression level of DKK and its aberrant promoter methylation to investigate the involvement of epigenetic regulation in hepatoma cell lines. The transcription and protein expression of DKK1 was significantly increased, whereas the transcription and protein expression levels of DKK2, DKK3, and DKK4 were significantly decreased following overexpression of Core protein. Pyrosequencing indicated that hypermethylation of DKK3 was increased. This was associated with increased expression of Dnmt1. The investigation of the molecular mechanism indicated that HCV Core protein interacted with Dnmt1, which combined with the promoter of DKK3, leading to methylation of DKK3. Functional studies indicated that Core protein promoted the growth, migration and invasion of cancer cells. However, upregulation of the expression of DKK3 and/or the knockdown of the expression of Dnmt1 inhibited the growth, migration and invasion of cancer cells. Taken together, the data indicated that epigenetic silencing of DKK3 caused by Dnmt1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HCV Core-mediated HCC. Therefore, DKK3 may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Chunfu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Suhuai Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Huiqin Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Araki K, Kurosawa A, Kumon H. Development of a quantitative methylation-specific droplet digital PCR assay for detecting Dickkopf-related protein 3. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:169. [PMID: 35562749 PMCID: PMC9103039 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The detection and monitoring of DNA methylation status in circulating tumor cell DNA (ctDNA) provides critical insights into cancer diagnosis and progression. The methylation status of the Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3) promoter region is correlated with the metastasis and recurrence of multiple cancers. Thus, detecting the methylation status via non-invasive methods is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. Using a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction approach, we have developed a highly sensitive and quantitative measurement of methylated and unmethylated DKK3 derived from circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA). Results We confirmed the specificity of droplet digital methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (ddMSP). We selected the optimal bisulfite conversion method using commercially available kits. We validated the ddMSP analysis system by analyzing the methylation status of genomic DNA extracted from cultured mesothelioma cells and mesothelial cells. Our system quantified approximately 30 copies of cell-free DNA per 4 mL, which is sufficient for detecting ctDNA. Finally, we quantified methylated and unmethylated DKK3 copies in ccfDNA from 21 patients with malignant mesothelioma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-06056-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Araki
- Innovation Center Okayama for Nanobio-Targeted Therapy, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. .,Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0114, Japan.
| | - Ai Kurosawa
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0114, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kumon
- Innovation Center Okayama for Nanobio-Targeted Therapy, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Niimi University, Niimi, Okayama, Japan
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Zhou Y, Zhang C, Zhou Z, Zhang C, Wang J. Identification of Key Genes and Pathways Associated with PIEZO1 in Bone-Related Disease Based on Bioinformatics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5250. [PMID: 35563641 PMCID: PMC9104149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PIEZO1 is a mechano-sensitive ion channel that can sense various forms of mechanical stimuli and convert them into biological signals, affecting bone-related diseases. The present study aimed to identify key genes and signaling pathways in Piezo1-regulated bone-related diseases and to explain the potential mechanisms using bioinformatic analysis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tendon, femur, and humerus bone tissue; cortical bone; and bone-marrow-derived macrophages were identified with the criteria of |log2FC| > 1 and adjusted p-value < 0.05 analysis based on a dataset from GSE169261, GSE139121, GSE135282, and GSE133069, respectively, and visualized in a volcano plot. Venn diagram analyses were performed to identify the overlapping DEGs expressed in the above-mentioned tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, protein−protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and module analysis were also conducted. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was performed to validate the above results using primary chondrocytes. As a result, a total of 222 overlapping DEGs and 12 mostly overlapping DEGs were identified. Key Piezo1-related genes, such as Lcn2, Dkk3, Obscn, and Tnnt1, were identified, and pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin and PI3k-Akt, were also identified. The present informatic study provides insight, for the first time, into the potential therapeutic targets of Piezo1-regulated bone-related diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zhongguo Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane City 4072, Australia;
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.Z.); (C.Z.)
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Takeuchi C, Sato J, Yamashita S, Sasaki A, Akahane T, Aoki R, Yamamichi M, Liu YY, Ito M, Furuta T, Nakajima S, Sakaguchi Y, Takahashi Y, Tsuji Y, Niimi K, Tomida S, Fujishiro M, Yamamichi N, Ushijima T. Autoimmune gastritis induces aberrant DNA methylation reflecting its carcinogenic potential. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:144-155. [PMID: 35034200 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a chronic inflammatory condition in gastric mucosa and is associated with increased cancer risk, though not as high as that by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastritis (HPG). Although aberrant DNA methylation is induced by HPG and the level correlates with the risk of gastric cancer, DNA methylation induction by AIG is unknown. METHODS Gastric mucosa samples from the corpus were collected from 12 people with AIG without H. pylori infection, 10 people with HPG, and eight healthy volunteers. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was conducted using Infinium Methylation EPIC array. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The AIG samples had extensive aberrant DNA methylation but presented unique methylation profiles against the HPG samples after correction of leucocyte fractions. Comparison between the AIG and HPG samples showed that AIG induced methylation, but less than HPG, in overall CpG sites and also in promoter CpG islands. Promoter CpG islands of tumor-suppressor genes in the pathway of cell cycle, cell adhesion, p53, and WNT were highly methylated in the AIG samples, but more so in the HPG samples. The expression levels of IL1B and IL8, secreted by macrophage, were significantly lower in the AIG samples than in the HPG samples, suggesting that a difference in inflammatory response affected the degree and patterns of aberrant DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS AIG induced aberrant DNA methylation in gastric mucosa. However, the degree of DNA methylation was less than that by HPG, which reflected carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Takeuchi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medicine Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Rika Aoki
- Tokushima Health Screening Center, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsue Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yotsuya Medical Cube, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furuta
- Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigemi Nakajima
- Department of General Medicine, Consortium for Community Medicine, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Shiga Hospital, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Niimi
- Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Center for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Choi JM, Kim SG. Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Epigenetic Changes in Gastric Cancer-related Genes. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HELICOBACTER AND UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2021.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that gastric carcinogenesis results from the progressive changes from chronic gastritis to gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations are involved in this process, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is believed to induce the initiation and progression of these steps. From an epigenetic point of view, H. pylori induces hypermethylation of genes involved in the development of gastric cancer and regulates the expression of various microRNAs (miRNAs). These H. pylori-related epigenetic changes are accumulated not only at the site of neoplasm but also in the adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa. Thereby, a state vulnerable to gastric cancer known as an epigenetic field defect is formed. H. pylori eradication can have an effective chemopreventive effect in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the molecular biological changes that occur in the stomach environment during H. pylori eradication have not yet been established. Several studies have reported that H. pylori eradication can restore infection-related changes, especially epigenetic alterations in gastric cancer-related genes, but some studies have shown otherwise. Simply put, it appears that the recovery of methylated gastric cancer-related genes and miRNAs during H. pylori eradication may vary among genes and may also differ depending on the histological subtype of the gastric mucosa. In this review, we will discuss the potential mechanism of gastric cancer prevention by H. pylori eradication, mainly from an epigenetic perspective.
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12
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Sharma A, Mir R, Galande S. Epigenetic Regulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:681053. [PMID: 34552611 PMCID: PMC8450413 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.681053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past four decades have elucidated the role of Wnt/β-catenin mediated regulation in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. These processes are fundamental to embryonic development, regeneration potential of tissues, as well as cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic players which influence the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via modulation of its components and coordinated regulation of the Wnt target genes. The role played by crosstalk with other signaling pathways mediating tumorigenesis is also elaborated. The Hippo/YAP pathway is particularly emphasized due to its extensive crosstalk via the Wnt destruction complex. Further, we highlight the recent advances in developing potential therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenetic machinery based on the characterization of these regulatory networks for effective treatment of various cancers and also for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Rafeeq Mir
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
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13
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Nagaraju GP, Kasa P, Dariya B, Surepalli N, Peela S, Ahmad S. Epigenetics and therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal malignancies. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2303-2314. [PMID: 33895313 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies account for substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. They are generally promoted by dysregulated signal transduction and epigenetic pathways, which are controlled by specific enzymes. Recent studies demonstrated that histone deacetylases (HDACs) together with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) have crucial roles in the signal transduction/epigenetic pathways in GI regulation. In this review, we discuss various enzyme targets and their functional mechanisms responsible for the regulatory processes of GI malignancies. We also discuss the epigenetic therapeutic targets that are mainly facilitated by DNMT and HDAC inhibitors, which have functional consequences and clinical outcomes for GI malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Prameswari Kasa
- Dr L.V. Prasad Diagnostics and Research Laboratory, Khairtabad, Hyderabad 500004, India
| | - Begum Dariya
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Sujatha Peela
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam 532410, AP, India
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, FSU and UCF Colleges of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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14
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Akhlaghipour I, Bina AR, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. Methylation as a critical epigenetic process during tumor progressions among Iranian population: an overview. Genes Environ 2021; 43:14. [PMID: 33883026 PMCID: PMC8059047 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main health challenges and leading causes of deaths in the world. Various environmental and genetic risk factors are associated with tumorigenesis. Epigenetic deregulations are also important risk factors during tumor progression which are reversible transcriptional alterations without any genomic changes. Various mechanisms are involved in epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Cancer incidence and mortality have a growing trend during last decades among Iranian population which are significantly related to the late diagnosis. Therefore, it is required to prepare efficient molecular diagnostic panels for the early detection of cancer in this population. Promoter hyper methylation is frequently observed as an inhibitory molecular mechanism in various genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis during tumor progression. Since aberrant promoter methylations have critical roles in early stages of neoplastic transformations, in present review we have summarized all of the aberrant methylations which have been reported during tumor progression among Iranian cancer patients. Aberrant promoter methylations are targetable and prepare novel therapeutic options for the personalized medicine in cancer patients. This review paves the way to introduce a non-invasive methylation specific panel of diagnostic markers for the early detection of cancer among Iranians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Bina
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Kadian LK, Yadav R, Nanda S, Gulshan G, Sharma S, Yadav C. High-risk HPV infection modulates the promoter hypermethylation of APC, SFRP1, and PTEN in cervical cancer patients of North India. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9725-9732. [PMID: 33230782 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with oncogenic HPV and downregulation of tumor suppressor genes play an essential role in the development and progression of cervical cancer. The present study aimed to identify the promoter methylation status of APC, SFRP1, and PTEN which are important regulators of Wnt pathway and their association with high-risk HPV infection and gene expression. Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect methylation status and gene expression levels of APC, SFRP1, and PTEN in cervical cancer biopsies (110) and paired non-cancerous biopsies (28). APC promoter was methylated in 38%, SFRP1 in 95%, and PTEN in 55% of the cervical cancer biopsies. Our data showed a trend of a higher rate of methylation of the gene promoters in cervical cancer biopsies while; they were majorly un-methylated in non-cancerous biopsies. Corresponding to a higher rate of methylation in cancer biopsies, the gene expression levels of APC, SFRP1, and PTEN were reduced in cervical cancer samples in comparison to normal cervix tissues. Further, we observed that 97% cancer biopsies were HPV infected and high-risk type HPV16 and 18 infections were significantly positively associated with APC (p = 0.008 and p = 0.007), SFRP1 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0067), and PTEN (p = 0.049 and p = 0.008) promoter methylation. APC, SFRP1, and PTEN promoter hyper-methylation is positively associated with high-risk HPV infection and inversely associated with gene expression. Our findings show that high-risk HPV infection promotes methylation of these genes and further promotes their silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumari Kadian
- Department of Genetics, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Smiti Nanda
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Gulshan Gulshan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivkant Sharma
- Department of Genetics, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Chetna Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
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16
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Canale M, Casadei-Gardini A, Ulivi P, Arechederra M, Berasain C, Lollini PL, Fernández-Barrena MG, Avila MA. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer: Potential New Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5500. [PMID: 32752096 PMCID: PMC7432799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Complex disease heterogeneity, late diagnosis, and suboptimal therapies result in the poor prognosis of patients. Besides genetic alterations and environmental factors, it has been demonstrated that alterations of the epigenetic machinery guide cancer onset and progression, representing a hallmark of gastric malignancies. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms undergo an intricate crosstalk, and distinct epigenomic profiles can be shaped under different microenvironmental contexts. In this scenario, targeting epigenetic mechanisms could be an interesting therapeutic strategy to overcome gastric cancer heterogeneity, and the efforts conducted to date are delivering promising results. In this review, we summarize the key epigenetic events involved in gastric cancer development. We conclude with a discussion of new promising epigenetic strategies for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Canale
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (M.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Maria Arechederra
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías A. Avila
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Ebrahimi V, Soleimanian A, Ebrahimi T, Azargun R, Yazdani P, Eyvazi S, Tarhriz V. Epigenetic modifications in gastric cancer: Focus on DNA methylation. Gene 2020; 742:144577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Cheng YY, Rath EM, Linton A, Yuen ML, Takahashi K, Lee K. The Current Understanding Of Asbestos-Induced Epigenetic Changes Associated With Lung Cancer. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2020; 11:1-11. [PMID: 32021524 PMCID: PMC6955579 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s186843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral consisting of extremely fine fibres that can become trapped in the lungs after inhalation. Occupational and environmental exposures to asbestos are linked to development of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining surrounding the lung. This review discusses the factors that are making asbestos-induced lung cancer a continuing problem, including the extensive historic use of asbestos and decades long latency between exposure and disease development. Genomic mutations of DNA nucleotides and gene rearrangements driving lung cancer are well-studied, with biomarkers and targeted therapies already in clinical use for some of these mutations. The genes involved in these mutation biomarkers and targeted therapies are also involved in epigenetic mechanisms and are discussed in this review as it is hoped that identification of epigenetic aberrations in these genes will enable the same gene biomarkers and targeted therapies to be used. Currently, understanding of how asbestos fibres trapped in the lungs leads to epigenetic changes and lung cancer is incomplete. It has been shown that oxidoreduction reactions on fibre surfaces generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which in turn damage DNA, leading to genetic and epigenetic alterations that reduce the activity of tumour suppressor genes. Epigenetic DNA methylation changes associated with lung cancer are summarised in this review, and some of these changes will be due to asbestos exposure. So far, little research has been carried out to separate the asbestos driven epigenetic changes from those due to non-asbestos causes of lung cancer. Asbestos-associated lung cancers exhibit less methylation variability than lung cancers in general, and in a large proportion of samples variability has been found to be restricted to promoter regions. Epigenetic aberrations in cancer are proving to be promising biomarkers for diagnosing cancers. It is hoped that further understanding of epigenetic changes in lung cancer can result in useful asbestos-associated lung cancer biomarkers to guide treatment. Research is ongoing into the detection of lung cancer epigenetic alterations using non-invasive samples of blood and sputum. These efforts hold the promise of non-invasive cancer diagnosis in the future. Efforts to reverse epigenetic aberrations in lung cancer by epigenetic therapies are ongoing but have not yet yielded success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma M Rath
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Linton
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Man Lee Yuen
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Zhou C, Zhao J, Liu J, Wei S, Xia Y, Xia W, Bi Y, Yan Z, Huang H. LncRNA SNHG16 promotes epithelial- mesenchymal transition via down-regulation of DKK3 in gastric cancer. Cancer Biomark 2019; 26:393-401. [PMID: 31561329 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhuan Zhou
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Sixi Wei
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital Attached to Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wansong Xia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Bi
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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20
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Zhong Z, Virshup DM. Wnt Signaling and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:72-89. [PMID: 31787618 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted proteins that bind to cell surface receptors to activate downstream signaling cascades. Normal Wnt signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. The secretion of Wnt ligands, the turnover of Wnt receptors, and the signaling transduction are tightly regulated and fine-tuned to keep the signaling output "just right." Hyperactivated Wnt signaling due to recurrent genetic alterations drives several human cancers. Elevated Wnt signaling also confers resistance to multiple conventional and targeted cancer therapies through diverse mechanisms including maintaining the cancer stem cell population, enhancing DNA damage repair, facilitating transcriptional plasticity, and promoting immune evasion. Different classes of Wnt signaling inhibitors targeting key nodes of the pathway have been developed and show efficacy in treating Wnt-driven cancers and subverting Wnt-mediated therapy resistance in preclinical studies. Several of these inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials, both singly and in combination with other existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-cancer modalities. In the near future, pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling may be a real choice for patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The latest insights in Wnt signaling, ranging from basic biology to therapeutic implications in cancer, are reviewed. Recent studies extend understanding of this ancient signaling pathway and describe the development and improvement of anti-Wnt therapeutic modalities for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
| | - David M Virshup
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
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21
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Hu S, Yin X, Zhang G, Meng F. Identification of DNA methylation signature to predict prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11708-11715. [PMID: 30775802 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is an important death-related cancer. To find factors related to survival and prognosis, and thus improve recovery prospects, a powerful signature is needed. DNA methylation plays an important role in gastric adenocarcinoma processes and development, and here we report on the search for a significant DNA methylation gene to aid with the earlier diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. A Cox proportional risk regression analysis and random survival forest algorithm were used to analyze gastric adenocarcinoma patients' DNA methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, a public database. DNA methylation gene signature consisting of five genes (SERPINA3, AP000357.4, GZMA, AC004702.2, and GREB1L) were selected. As the most accurate predictor, the area under the curve in the training and test group were 0.72 and 0.61, respectively. The signature was able to sort patients into high- and low-risk groups with meaningful overall survival rates (median: 18.36 vs 72.23 months, log-rank test, P < 0.001) in the training group, which predictive ability was validated in a test data set (median: 25.56 vs 58.80 months, log-rank test, P < 0.016). A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the significant DNA methylation was an independent prediction prognostic factor for gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Functional analysis suggests that these signature genes may be related to pathways and biological processes associated with tumorigenesis. The significant DNA methylation gene could be a novel prediction and prognostic biomarker that both aids in the treatment and predicts the overall survival likelihoods of gastric adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Zoucheng People's Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiankun Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Zoucheng People's Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanmei Meng
- Department of Surgery, Zoucheng People's Hospital, Zoucheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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22
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Fischer AS, Sigal M. The Role of Wnt and R-spondin in the Stomach During Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E44. [PMID: 31248166 PMCID: PMC6631168 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most prominent developmental signals. In addition to its functions in development, there is emerging evidence that it is also crucial for various organ functions in adult organisms, where Wnt signaling controls tissue stem cell behavior, proliferation and differentiation. Deregulation of Wnt signaling is involved in various pathological conditions and has been linked to malignant tissue transformation in different organ systems. The study of the Wnt signaling pathway has revealed a complex regulatory network that tightly balances the quality and strength of Wnt signaling in tissues. In this context, R-spondins are secreted proteins that stabilize Wnt receptors and enhance Wnt signaling. In this review we focus on new insights into the regulatory function of Wnt and R-spondin signaling in the stomach. In addition to its function in the healthy state, we highlight the connection between Wnt signaling and infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a pathogen that colonizes the stomach and is the main risk factor for gastric cancer. In addition to experimental data that link Wnt signaling to carcinogenesis, we discuss that Wnt signaling is affected in a substantial proportion of patients with gastric cancer, and provide examples for potential clinical implications for altered Wnt signaling in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Fischer
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Sigal
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Pang Q, Hu W, Zhang X, Pang M. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway-Related Proteins (DKK-3, β-Catenin, and c-MYC) Are Involved in Prognosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:436-443. [PMID: 31025872 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the highly conserved signaling pathway widely reported to play essential roles in the development of various tumors and human cancers, thus serving as a potential target for anticancer therapy. However, the specific effects of the related proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) still remain elusive. Thus, this study was performed to uncover the correlation between the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of NPC. NPC tissues were revealed to present high expression of β-catenin and v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-MYC) but low expression of Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that DKK-3 was positively linked to but β-catenin and c-MYC were negatively linked to differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis of patients with NPC. In addition, c-MYC was identified to be positively correlated to DKK-3 in NPC tissues. The positive expression of β-catenin and c-MYC had negative relations with and that of DKK-3 had positive relations with survival rate of patients with NPC, which was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Moreover, it was shown that later TNM stage and positive expression of β-catenin were risk factors for NPC-related death. These findings provide evidence that the proteins related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (DKK-3, β-catenin, and c-MYC) participate in the development of NPC and positive expression of DKK-3 and negative expression of β-catenin, and c-MYC can serve as essential prognostic biomarkers, shedding new light on the prognosis and treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Pang
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Pang
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
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Alur VC, Raju V, Vastrad B, Vastrad C. Mining Featured Biomarkers Linked with Epithelial Ovarian CancerBased on Bioinformatics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9020039. [PMID: 30970615 PMCID: PMC6628368 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the18th most common cancer worldwide and the 8th most common in women. The aim of this study was to diagnose the potential importance of, as well as novel genes linked with, EOC and to provide valid biological information for further research. The gene expression profiles of E-MTAB-3706 which contained four high-grade ovarian epithelial cancer samples, four normal fallopian tube samples and four normal ovarian epithelium samples were downloaded from the ArrayExpress database. Pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, microRNA-target gene regulatory network and TFs (transcription factors) -target gene regulatory network for up- and down-regulated were analyzed using Cytoscape. In total, 552 DEGs were found, including 276 up-regulated and 276 down-regulated DEGs. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that most DEGs were significantly enriched in chemical carcinogenesis, urea cycle, cell adhesion molecules and creatine biosynthesis. GO enrichment analysis showed that most DEGs were significantly enriched in translation, nucleosome, extracellular matrix organization and extracellular matrix. From protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis, modules, microRNA-target gene regulatory network and TFs-target gene regulatory network for up- and down-regulated, and the top hub genes such as E2F4, SRPK2, A2M, CDH1, MAP1LC3A, UCHL1, HLA-C (major histocompatibility complex, class I, C), VAT1, ECM1 and SNRPN (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N) were associated in pathogenesis of EOC. The high expression levels of the hub genes such as CEBPD (CCAAT enhancer binding protein delta) and MID2 in stages 3 and 4 were validated in the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. CEBPD andMID2 were associated with the worst overall survival rates in EOC. In conclusion, the current study diagnosed DEGs between normal and EOC samples, which could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the progression of EOC. These new key biomarkers might be used as therapeutic targets for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chandra Alur
- Department of Endocrinology, J.J. M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka 577004, India.
| | - Varshita Raju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J.J. M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka 577004, India.
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SET`S College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka 580002, India.
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar,Dharwad, Karanataka 580001, India.
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25
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Chen GY, Zheng HC. The clinicopathological and prognostic significances of Dkk3 expression in cancers: A bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Biomark 2019; 23:323-331. [PMID: 29843219 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dkk3 protein attenuates the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt5a and LRP6, and their interaction, and interacts with βTrCP to suppress wnt/β-catenin pathway. METHODS We performed a bioinformatics analysis of Dkk3 mRNA expression through Oncomine, TCGA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases up to July 10, 2017. RESULTS Up-regulated Dkk3 expression was higher in gastric, breast, and ovarian cancers than normal tissues (p< 0.05). Bitter's database showed a higher Dkk3 expression in ovarian cytoadenocarcinoma than clear cell adenocarcinoma (p< 0.05). Dkk3 was more expressed in ductal breast cancer in situ than invasive ductal breast cancer (p< 0.05), in mixed lobular and ductal cancer, and lobular cancer than ductal breast cancer (p< 0.05). In TCGA data, Dkk3 expression was lower in gastric cancers with than without Barret's esophagus (p< 0.05), in intestinal-type than diffuse-type cancers (p< 0.05), and in the cancers of elder than younger patients (p< 0.05). Dkk3 expression was higher in squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma (p< 0.05). Dkk3 expression was higher in ductal than lobular breast cancer, or in younger than elder patients with breast cancer (p< 0.05). According to Kaplan-Meier plotter, Dkk3 expression was negatively correlated with overall, progression-free, relapse-free or distant-metastasis-free survival rate of gastric, breast or ovarian cancer patients, but versa for lung cancer patients (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Dkk3 expression might be employed as a potential marker to indicate carcinogenesis and histogenesis, even prognosis.
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Flanagan DJ, Barker N, Costanzo NSD, Mason EA, Gurney A, Meniel VS, Koushyar S, Austin CR, Ernst M, Pearson HB, Boussioutas A, Clevers H, Phesse TJ, Vincan E. Frizzled-7 Is Required for Wnt Signaling in Gastric Tumors with and Without Apc Mutations. Cancer Res 2019; 79:970-981. [PMID: 30622113 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A subset of patients with gastric cancer have mutations in genes that participate in or regulate Wnt signaling at the level of ligand (Wnt) receptor (Fzd) binding. Moreover, increased Fzd expression is associated with poor clinical outcome. Despite these findings, there are no in vivo studies investigating the potential of targeting Wnt receptors for treating gastric cancer, and the specific Wnt receptor transmitting oncogenic Wnt signaling in gastric cancer is unknown. Here, we use inhibitors of Wnt/Fzd (OMP-18R5/vantictumab) and conditional gene deletion to test the therapeutic potential of targeting Wnt signaling in preclinical models of intestinal-type gastric cancer and ex vivo organoid cultures. Pharmacologic targeting of Fzd inhibited the growth of gastric adenomas in vivo. We identified Fzd7 to be the predominant Wnt receptor responsible for transmitting Wnt signaling in human gastric cancer cells and mouse models of gastric cancer, whereby Fzd7-deficient cells were retained in gastric adenomas but were unable to respond to Wnt signals and consequently failed to proliferate. Genetic deletion of Fzd7 or treatment with vantictumab was sufficient to inhibit the growth of gastric adenomas with or without mutations to Apc. Vantictumab is currently in phase Ib clinical trials for advanced pancreatic, lung, and breast cancer. Our data extend the scope of patients that may benefit from this therapeutic approach as we demonstrate that this drug will be effective in treating patients with gastric cancer regardless of APC mutation status. SIGNIFICANCE: The Wnt receptor Fzd7 plays an essential role in gastric tumorigenesis irrespective of Apc mutation status, therefore targeting Wnt/Fzd7 may be of therapeutic benefit to patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Flanagan
- University of Melbourne & Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,NTU School of Biological Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Elizabeth A Mason
- University of Melbourne, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Austin Gurney
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Valerie S Meniel
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Koushyar
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe R Austin
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen B Pearson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Toby J Phesse
- University of Melbourne & Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- University of Melbourne & Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Kim SH, Park KH, Shin SJ, Lee KY, Kim TI, Kim NK, Rha SY, Ahn JB. CpG Island Methylator Phenotype and Methylation of Wnt Pathway Genes Together Predict Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:588-594. [PMID: 29869456 PMCID: PMC5990680 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.5.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway is a crucial step in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to determine whether DNA methylation of Wnt pathway genes helps predict treatment response and survival in patients with metastatic or recurrent CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected primary tumor tissues from 194 patients with metastatic or recurrent CRC. Pyrosequencing was used to examine the methylation of 10 CpG island loci in DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. To elucidate the predictive role of DNA methylation markers, Kaplan-Meier survival estimation and Cox regression were performed for progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The methylation frequencies of the 10 genes analyzed (p16, p14, MINT1, MINT2, MINT31, hMLH1, DKK3, WNT5A, AXIN2, and TFAP2E) were 47.9%, 10.8%, 21.1%, 16.0%, 20.6%, 0.5%, 53.1%, 32.0%, 2.6%, and 2.1%, respectively. We divided patients into three groups based on the number of methylated genes (group 1, no methylation n=38; group 2, 1-2 methylations n=92; group 3, 3 or more methylations n=64). Among patients treated with palliative chemotherapy (n=167), median OSs of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 39.1, 39.7, and 29.1 months, respectively (log rank p=0.013). After adjustment, number of methylations was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor (0-2 methylated vs. ≥3 methylated: hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.56, p=0.007). CONCLUSION This study suggests that methylation of Wnt pathway genes, in addition to known CpG island methylator phenotype markers, may help predict treatment outcome and survival in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Bae Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Liu S, Chen X, Chen R, Wang J, Zhu G, Jiang J, Wang H, Duan S, Huang J. Diagnostic role of Wnt pathway gene promoter methylation in non small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36354-36367. [PMID: 28422739 PMCID: PMC5482660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signal pathway genes are known to be involved with cancer development. Here we tested the hypothesis whether DNA methylation of genes part of the Wnt signaling pathway could help the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The methylation levels of SFRP1, SFRP2, WIF1 and PRKCB in 111 NSCLC patients were evaluated by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). Promoter methylation levels of four candidate genes were significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with the adjacent tissues. SFRP1, SFRP2 and PRKCB genes were all shown to be good predictors of NSCLC risk (SFRP1: AUC = 0.711; SFRP2: AUC = 0.631; PRKCB: AUC = 0.650). The combined analysis showed that the methylation status of the four genes had a sensitivity of 70.3% and a specificity of 73.9% in the prediction of NSCLC risk for study cohort. A higher diagnostic value with an AUC of 0.945 (95% CI: 0.923–0.967, sensitivity: 90.6%, specificity: 93.0%) was found in TCGA cohort. In addition, SFRP1 and SFRP2 hypermethylation events were specific to male patients. Further TCGA data mining analysis suggested that SFRP1_cg15839448, SFRP2_cg05774801, and WIF1_cg21383810 were inversely associated with the host gene expression. Moreover, GEO database analysis showed that 5′-Aza-deoxycytidine was able to upregulate gene expression in several lung cancer cell lines. Subsequent dual-luciferase reporter assay showed a crucial regulatory function of PRKCB promoter. In summary, our study showed that a panel of Wnt signal pathway genes (SFRP1, SFRP2, WIF1 and PRKCB) had the potential as methylation biomarkers in the diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunlin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ruhua Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Guoliang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou First People's Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Jianzhong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Realgen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Zhangjiang High Technology Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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Palomo L, Malinverni R, Cabezón M, Xicoy B, Arnan M, Coll R, Pomares H, García O, Fuster-Tormo F, Grau J, Feliu E, Solé F, Buschbeck M, Zamora L. DNA methylation profile in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia associates with distinct clinical, biological and genetic features. Epigenetics 2018; 13:8-18. [PMID: 29160764 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1405199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities are detected in 20-30% of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and correlate with prognosis. On the mutation level, disruptive alterations are particularly frequent in chromatin regulatory genes. However, little is known about the consequential alterations in the epigenetic marking of the genome. Here, we report the analysis of genomic DNA methylation patterns of 64 CMML patients and 10 healthy controls, using a DNA methylation microarray focused on promoter regions. Differential methylation analysis between patients and controls allowed us to identify abnormalities in DNA methylation, including hypermethylation of specific genes and large genome regions with aberrant DNA methylation. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis identified two main clusters that associated with the clinical, biological, and genetic features of patients. Group 1 was enriched in patients with adverse clinical and biological characteristics and poorer overall and progression-free survival. In addition, significant differences in DNA methylation were observed between patients with low risk and intermediate/high risk karyotypes and between TET2 mutant and wild type patients. Taken together, our results demonstrate that altered DNA methylation patterns reflect the CMML disease state and allow to identify patient groups with distinct clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palomo
- a MDS Group. Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain.,b Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, s/n. 08913, Bellaterra ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Roberto Malinverni
- c Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group. Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol , Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer at the Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (PMPPC-IGTP) , Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Marta Cabezón
- d Hematology Service, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carretera del Canyet, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Blanca Xicoy
- d Hematology Service, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carretera del Canyet, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Montserrat Arnan
- e Hematology Service , ICO-Hospital Duran i Reynals , Avinguda de la Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Rosa Coll
- f Hematology Service , ICO-Girona Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain , Avenida França, s/n. 17007 Girona , Spain
| | - Helena Pomares
- e Hematology Service , ICO-Hospital Duran i Reynals , Avinguda de la Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Olga García
- d Hematology Service, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carretera del Canyet, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Francisco Fuster-Tormo
- a MDS Group. Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Javier Grau
- d Hematology Service, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carretera del Canyet, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Evarist Feliu
- d Hematology Service, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carretera del Canyet, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Francesc Solé
- a MDS Group. Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- c Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group. Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol , Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer at the Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (PMPPC-IGTP) , Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
| | - Lurdes Zamora
- d Hematology Service, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Carretera del Canyet, s/n. 08916, Badalona ( Barcelona ), Spain
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Hamzehzadeh L, Caraglia M, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Dickkopf homolog 3 (DKK3): A candidate for detection and treatment of cancers? J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4595-4605. [PMID: 29206297 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an evolutionary highly conserved pathway that is modulated by several inhibitors and activators, and plays a key role in numerous physiological processes. One of the extracellular Wnt inhibitors is the DKK (Dickkopf Homolog) family which has four members (Dkk1-4) and a unique Dkk3-related gene, Dkkl1 (soggy). DKK3 is a divergent member of the DKK protein family. Evidence suggests that DKK3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in several types of human cancers. We review here the biological role of DKK3 as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) or oncogene, and its correlation with various miRNAs. In addition, we discuss the role of polymorphisms and promoter methylation of the DKK3 gene, and of its expression in regulating cancer cell proliferation. Finally, we propose that DKK3 may be considered as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hamzehzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wils LJ, Bijlsma MF. Epigenetic regulation of the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 121:23-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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DNA Methylation as a Noninvasive Epigenetic Biomarker for the Detection of Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:3726595. [PMID: 29038612 PMCID: PMC5605861 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3726595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In light of the high incidence and mortality rates of cancer, early and accurate diagnosis is an important priority for assigning optimal treatment for each individual with suspected illness. Biomarkers are crucial in the screening of patients with a high risk of developing cancer, diagnosing patients with suspicious tumours at the earliest possible stage, establishing an accurate prognosis, and predicting and monitoring the response to specific therapies. Epigenetic alterations are innovative biomarkers for cancer, due to their stability, frequency, and noninvasive accessibility in bodily fluids. Epigenetic modifications are also reversible and potentially useful as therapeutic targets. Despite this, there is still a lack of accurate biomarkers for the conclusive diagnosis of most cancer types; thus, there is a strong need for continued investigation to expand this area of research. In this review, we summarise current knowledge on methylated DNA and its implications in cancer to explore its potential as an epigenetic biomarker to be translated for clinical application. We propose that the identification of biomarkers with higher accuracy and more effective detection methods will enable improved clinical management of patients and the intervention at early-stage disease.
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Wang N, Sui F, Ma J, Su X, Liu J, Yao D, Shi B, Hou P, Yang Q. Site-specific Hypermethylation of RUNX3 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Arch Med Res 2017; 47:285-92. [PMID: 27664488 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Methylation status of RUNX3 remains largely unknown in gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this study was to prognostically evaluate the methylation level of CpG sites within RUNX3 promoter region in GC. METHODS Using pyrosequencing, we quantitatively explored the methylation status of 8 CpG sites within RUNX3 promoter region for 76 gastric cancer and 24 normal gastric tissues. We then analyzed the association between methylation level of each CpG site and clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes in the cohort. RESULTS Methylation of RUNX3 promoter was significantly higher in GC than normal subjects. Overall methylation level was closely associated with tumor invasion and TNM stage. Positive associations were found between hypermethylation of the following concerned sites and variables: site -1392, -1397, -1403, -1415 and tumor invasion, as well as TNM stage; site -1392 and lymph node metastasis along with number of lymph node metastases; site -1415 and cancer recurrence; site -1403, -1415 and cancer-related deaths. In multivariate analysis, tumor invasion was correlated with sites -1392 and -1397. Lymph node metastasis was associated with site -1392. Most importantly, methylation of site -1415 was associated with poor survival by using Cox survival regression. CONCLUSION Analysis of RUNX3 gene promoter by quantitative pyrosequencing suggested methylation status of RUNX3 is different in normal and tumor tissues. RUNX3 methylation level is associated with GC, especially the methylation at site -1415 contributes to the poor prognosis in GC. Thus, RUNX3 methylation may serve as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhe Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Demao Yao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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Flanagan DJ, Vincan E, Phesse TJ. Winding back Wnt signalling: potential therapeutic targets for treating gastric cancers. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4666-4683. [PMID: 28568899 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer persists as a frequent and deadly disease that claims over 700 000 lives annually. Gastric cancer is a multifactorial disease that is genetically, cytologically and architecturally more heterogeneous than other gastrointestinal cancers, making it therapeutically challenging. As such, and largely attributed to late-stage diagnosis, gastric cancer patients show only partial response to standard chemo and targeted molecular therapies, highlighting an urgent need to develop new targeted therapies for this disease. Wnt signalling has a well-documented history in the genesis of many cancers and is, therefore, an attractive therapeutic target. As such, drug discovery has focused on developing inhibitors that target multiple nodes of the Wnt signalling cascade, some of which have progressed to clinical trials. The collective efforts of patient genomic profiling has uncovered genetic lesions to multiple components of the Wnt pathway in gastric cancer patients, which strongly suggest that Wnt-targeted therapies could offer therapeutic benefits for gastric cancer patients. These data have been supported by studies in mouse models of gastric cancer, which identify Wnt signalling as a driver of gastric tumourigenesis. Here, we review the current literature regarding Wnt signalling in gastric cancer and highlight the suitability of each class of Wnt inhibitor as a potential treatment for gastric cancer patients, in relation to the type of Wnt deregulation observed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Flanagan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Toby J Phesse
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cell Signalling and Cancer Laboratory, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Nie Y, Wu K, Yu J, Liang Q, Cai X, Shang Y, Zhou J, Pan K, Sun L, Fang J, Yuan Y, You W, Fan D. A global burden of gastric cancer: the major impact of China. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:651-661. [PMID: 28351219 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1312342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly aggressive cancer and a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Approximately half of the world's GC cases and deaths occur in china. GC presents challenges in early diagnosis and effective therapy due to a lack of understanding of the underlying molecular biology. The primary goals of this review are to outline current GC research in china and describe future trends in this field. Areas covered: This review mainly focuses on a series of GC-related advances China has achieved. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the role of H. pylori in GC by a series of population-based studies in well-established high-risk areas; A few germline and somatic alterations have been identified by 'omics' studies; Studies on the mechanisms of malignant phenotypes have helped us to form an in-depth understanding of GC and advance drug discovery. Moreover, identification of potential biomarkers and targeted therapies have facilitated the diagnosis and treatment of GC. However, many challenges remain. Expert commentary: To combat GC, sufficient funding is important. More attention should be paid on early diagnosis and the discovery of novel efficient biomarkers and the development of biomarker-based or targeted therapeutics in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhan Nie
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jun Yu
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Institute of Digestive Disease , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Qiaoyi Liang
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Institute of Digestive Disease , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xiqiang Cai
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yulong Shang
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Kaifeng Pan
- c Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University School of Oncology , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Liping Sun
- d Tumor Etiology and Screening, Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- e Renji Hospital , Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- d Tumor Etiology and Screening, Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Weicheng You
- c Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University School of Oncology , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing , China
| | - Daiming Fan
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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Identification of Key Modules and Hub Genes of Keloids with Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:376-390. [PMID: 28121871 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloid scarring impairs patients' quality of life, and although many therapeutic strategies have been developed, most remain unsatisfactory because of limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying keloid development. METHODS A microarray gene expression data set from keloid tissue was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes in fibroblasts and keratinocytes underwent functional annotation and pathway analysis. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was applied to identify the gene targets of keloid scars within differentially expressed genes. Modules and hub genes for keloids were identified. Enrichment analysis was undertaken to verify the modules' and hub genes' relationship with keloids. RESULTS Enrichment analysis and pathway analysis showed gene ontology terms and pathways related to keloids. Each cell type generated three modules in weighted gene coexpression network analysis, with one module most related to keloids. Enrichment analysis showed that the modules concerned are enriched with terms related to keloids. Three hub genes were selected for fibroblasts and keratinocytes, and their relationship to keloids was verified. Immunohistochemical staining verified expression change of some hub genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe the gene networks underlying keloids. Modules and hub genes generated in the present study are highly related to keloids and may identify novel therapeutic targets for treatment of keloids. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Mu J, Hui T, Shao B, Li L, Du Z, Lu L, Ye L, Li S, Li Q, Xiao Q, Qiu Z, Zhang Y, Fan J, Ren G, Tao Q, Xiang T. Dickkopf-related protein 2 induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis through suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is frequently methylated in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:39443-39459. [PMID: 28467796 PMCID: PMC5503624 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-related protein 2 (DKK2) is one of the antagonists of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, with its downregulation reported in multiple cancers. However, how DKK2 contributes to breast tumorigenesis remains unclear. We examined its expression and promoter methylation in 10 breast tumor cell lines, 98 primary tumors, and 21 normal breast tissues. Compared with normal tissues, DKK2 was frequently silenced in breast cell lines (7/8). DKK2 promoter methylation was detected in 77.8% of cell lines and 86.7% of breast tumors; while rarely detected in normal breast tissues (19%), indicating common DKK2 methylation in breast cancer. Ectopic expression of DKK2 changed breast tumor cell morphology, inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and suppressed tumor cell migration by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and downregulating stem cell markers. Moreover, restored expression of DKK2 in MCF7 cells disrupted the microtube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells on Matrigel®. In vivo, the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice was markedly decreased after stable expression of DKK2. DKK2 suppressed canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting β-catenin activity with decreased active β-catenin protein. Thus, our findings demonstrate that DKK2 functions as a tumor suppressor through inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis via regulating Wnt signaling during breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianli Hui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bianfei Shao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenfang Du
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong
| | - Li Lu
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuman Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Chinese Medicine Hospital of Linyi City, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangxia Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Katase N, Nishimatsu SI, Yamauchi A, Yamamura M, Terada K, Itadani M, Okada N, Hassan NMM, Nagatsuka H, Ikeda T, Nohno T, Fujita S. DKK3 Overexpression Increases the Malignant Properties of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 26:45-58. [PMID: 28470144 PMCID: PMC7844562 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14926874596386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DKK3, a member of the dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor family, is believed to be a tumor suppressor because of its reduced expression in cancer cells. However, our previous studies have revealed that DKK3 expression is predominantly observed in head and neck/oral squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC/OSCC). Interestingly, HNSCC/OSCC patients with DKK3 expression showed a high rate of metastasis and poorer survival, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of DKK3 in HNSCC-derived cancer cell lines resulted in reduced cellular migration and invasion. From these data, it was hypothesized that DKK3 might exert an oncogenic function specific to HNSCC. In the present research, the DKK3 overexpression model was established, and its influences were investigated, together with molecular mechanism studies. The DKK3 expression profile in cancer cell lines was investigated, including HNSCC/OSCC, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, prostatic, and lung cancers. DKK3 overexpression was performed in HNSCC-derived cells by transfection of expression plasmid. The effects of DKK3 overexpression were assessed on cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumor growth. The molecular mechanism of DKK3 overexpression was investigated by Western blotting and microarray analysis. DKK3 overexpression significantly elevated cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as increased mRNA expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc. However, reporter assays did not show TCF/LEF activation, suggesting that the increased malignant property of cancer cells was not driven by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. For the investigation of the pathways/molecules in DKK3-mediated signals, the Western blot analyses revealed that phosphorylation of Akt (S473) and c-Jun (Ser63) was elevated. The application of a PI3K kinase inhibitor, LY294002, on HSC-3 DKK3 cells significantly decreased tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. From these results, we demonstrated that DKK3 might contribute to cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumor cell survival in HNSCC cells through a mechanism other than the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which might be attributed to PI3K–Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Katase
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimatsu
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamura
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Terada
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masumi Itadani
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoko Okada
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nohno
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Zeng XQ, Wang J, Chen SY. Methylation modification in gastric cancer and approaches to targeted epigenetic therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1921-1933. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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40
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Cheng JY, Brown TC, Murtha TD, Stenman A, Juhlin CC, Larsson C, Healy JM, Prasad ML, Knoefel WT, Krieg A, Scholl UI, Korah R, Carling T. A novel FOXO1-mediated dedifferentiation blocking role for DKK3 in adrenocortical carcinogenesis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:164. [PMID: 28249601 PMCID: PMC5333434 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated WNT signaling dominates adrenocortical malignancies. This study investigates whether silencing of the WNT negative regulator DKK3 (Dickkopf-related protein 3), an implicated adrenocortical differentiation marker and an established tumor suppressor in multiple cancers, allows dedifferentiation of the adrenal cortex. Methods We analyzed the expression and regulation of DKK3 in human adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, promoter methylation assay, and copy number analysis. We also conducted functional studies on ACC cell lines, NCI-H295R and SW-13, using siRNAs and enforced DKK3 expression to test DKK3’s role in blocking dedifferentiation of adrenal cortex. Results While robust expression was observed in normal adrenal cortex, DKK3 was down-regulated in the majority (>75%) of adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) tested. Both genetic (gene copy loss) and epigenetic (promoter methylation) events were found to play significant roles in DKK3 down-regulation in ACCs. While NCI-H295R cells harboring β-catenin activating mutations failed to respond to DKK3 silencing, SW-13 cells showed increased motility and reduced clonal growth. Conversely, exogenously added DKK3 also increased motility of SW-13 cells without influencing their growth. Enforced over-expression of DKK3 in SW-13 cells resulted in slower cell growth by an extension of G1 phase, promoted survival of microcolonies, and resulted in significant impairment of migratory and invasive behaviors, largely attributable to modified cell adhesions and adhesion kinetics. DKK3-over-expressing cells also showed increased expression of Forkhead Box Protein O1 (FOXO1) transcription factor, RNAi silencing of which partially restored the migratory proficiency of cells without interfering with their viability. Conclusions DKK3 suppression observed in ACCs and the effects of manipulation of DKK3 expression in ACC cell lines suggest a FOXO1-mediated differentiation-promoting role for DKK3 in the adrenal cortex, silencing of which may allow adrenocortical dedifferentiation and malignancy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3152-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Y Cheng
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Taylor C Brown
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timothy D Murtha
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam Stenman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CCK, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CCK, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CCK, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James M Healy
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Manju L Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute I Scholl
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reju Korah
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tobias Carling
- Department of Surgery & Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, FMB130A, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Cheng WL, Yang Y, Zhang XJ, Guo J, Gong J, Gong FH, She ZG, Huang Z, Xia H, Li H. Dickkopf-3 Ablation Attenuates the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004690. [PMID: 28219919 PMCID: PMC5523766 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Dickkopf‐3 (DKK3) is a negative regulator of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, which is involved in inflammation. However, little is known about the relationship between DKK3 expression and the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to define the role of DKK3 and its potential mechanism in the development of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results Immunofluorescence analysis showed that DKK3 was strongly expressed in macrophages of atherosclerotic plaques from patients with coronary heart disease and in hyperlipidemic mice. The expression level was significantly increased in atherogenesis. DKK3−/−ApoE−/− mice exhibited a significant decrease in atherosclerotic lesions in the entire aorta, aortic sinus, and brachiocephalic arteries. Transplantation of bone marrow from DKK3−/−ApoE−/− mice into lethally irradiated ApoE−/− recipients resulted in a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions, compared with the lesions in recipients transplanted with ApoE−/− donor cells, suggesting that the effect of DKK3 deficiency was largely mediated by bone marrow–derived cells. A reduction in the necrotic core size, accompanied by increased collagen content and smooth muscle cells and decreased accumulation of macrophages and lipids, contributed to the stability of plaques in DKK3−/−ApoE−/− mice. Furthermore, multiple proinflammatory cytokines exhibited marked decreases in DKK3−/−ApoE−/− mice. Finally, we observed that DKK3 ablation increased β‐catenin expression in the nuclei of macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions DKK3 expression in macrophages is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through modulation of inflammation and inactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Han Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China .,The Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Patel TN, Roy S, Ravi R. Gastric cancer and related epigenetic alterations. Ecancermedicalscience 2017; 11:714. [PMID: 28144288 PMCID: PMC5243136 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2017.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, a malignant and highly proliferative condition, has significantly affected a large population around the globe and is known to be caused by various factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences. Though the global trend of these cancers is declining, an increase in its frequency is still a threat because of changing lifestyles and dietary habits. However, genetic and epigenetic alterations related to gastric cancers also have an equivalent contribution towards carcinogenic development. DNA methylation is one of the major forms of epigenetic modification which plays a significant role in gastric carcinogenesis. Methylation leads to inactivation of some of the most important genes like DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators, apoptotic genes, transcriptional regulators, and signalling pathway regulators; which subsequently cause uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Mutations in these genes can be used as suitable prognostic markers for early diagnosis of the disease, since late diagnosis of gastric cancers has a huge negative impact on overall patient survival. In this review, we focus on the important epigenetic mutations that contribute to the development of gastric cancer and the molecular pathogenesis underlying each of them. Methylation, acetylation, and histone modifications play an integral role in the onset of genomic instability, one of the many contributory factors to gastric cancer. This article also covers the constraints of incomplete knowledge of epigenetic factors influencing gastric cancer, thus throwing light on our understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti N Patel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumyadipta Roy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Revathi Ravi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wang H, Duan XL, Qi XL, Meng L, Xu YS, Wu T, Dai PG. Concurrent Hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DKK2 Activates the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Mol Cells 2017; 40:45-53. [PMID: 28152305 PMCID: PMC5303888 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant hypermethylation of Wnt antagonists has been observed in gastric cancer. A number of studies have focused on the hypermethylation of a single Wnt antagonist and its role in regulating the activation of signaling. However, how the Wnt antagonists interacted to regulate the signaling pathway has not been reported. In the present study, we systematically investigated the methylation of some Wnt antagonist genes (SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5, DKK1, DKK2, and APC) and their regulatory role in carcinogenesis. We found that aberrant promoter methylation of SFRP2, SFRP4, DKK1, and DKK2 was significantly increased in gastric cancer. Moreover, concurrent hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DKK2 was observed in gastric cancer and this was significantly associated with increased expression of β-catenin, indicating that the joint inactivation of these two genes promoted the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Further analysis using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that DKK2 methylation was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival, and the predictive value was markedly enhanced when the combined methylation status of SFRP2 and DKK2 was considered. In addition, the methylation level of SFRP4 and DKK2 was correlated with the patient's age and tumor differentiation, respectively. In conclusion, epigenetic silencing of Wnt antagonists was associated with gastric carcinogenesis, and concurrent hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DKK2 could be a potential marker for a prognosis of poor overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Xiang-Long Duan
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Xiao-Li Qi
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Lei Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Yi-Song Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Tong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Peng-Gao Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
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Ma R, Feng N, Yu X, Lin H, Zhang X, Shi O, Zhang H, Zhang S, Li L, Zheng M, Gao M, Yu H, Qian B. Promoter methylation of Wnt/β-Catenin signal inhibitor TMEM88 is associated with unfavorable prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:377-386. [PMID: 29372104 PMCID: PMC5765437 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Recent research has indicated that altered promoter methylation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is an important mechanism in lung cancer development and progression. In this study, we investigated the association between promoter methylation of TMEM88, a possible inhibitor of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling, and the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Twelve pairs of tumor and adjacent non-tumor samples were used for microarray analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression. For validation, more than two hundred additional samples were analyzed for methylation using bisulfite pyrosequencing and for gene expression using qRT-PCR. Then the cell function were tested by wound healing, transwell, CCK8 and cell cycle assay. Results: Our analysis of patient specimens showed that TMEM88 methylation was higher in NSCLC tumors (82.2% ± 10.3, P < 0.01) compared with the adjacent normal tissues (65.9% ± 7.2). The survival analysis revealed that patients with high TMEM88 methylation had a shorter overall survival (46 months) compared with patients with low TMEM88 methylation (>56 months;P=0.021). In addition, we found that demethylation treatment could inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which was supportive of an association between methylation and survival. Conclusions: Based on these consistent observations, we concluded that TMEM88 may play an important role in NSCLC progression and that promoter methylation of TMEM88 may serve as a biomarker for NSCLC prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongna Ma
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Nannan Feng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Oumin Shi
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Li
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Herbert Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Biyun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Song B, Du J, Deng N, Ren JC, Shu ZB. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3866-3874. [PMID: 27895742 PMCID: PMC5104197 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, gene expression profiles were analyzed to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA). A gene expression dataset (accession number GSE29272) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and consisted of 62 GCA samples and 62 normal controls, as well as 72 GNCA samples and 72 normal controls. The two groups of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were compared to obtain common and unique DEGs. A differential analysis was performed using the Linear Models for Microarray Data package in R. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted for the DEGs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for the DEGs with information from the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. Subnetworks were extracted from the whole network with Cytoscape. Compared with the control, 284 and 268 genes were differentially-expressed in GCA and GNCA, respectively, of which 194 DEGs were common between GCA and GNCA. Common DEGs [e.g., claudin (CLDN)7, CLDN4 and CLDN3] were associated with cell adhesion and digestion. GCA-unique DEGs [e.g., MAD1 mitotic arrest deficient like 1, cyclin (CCN)B1, CCNB2 and CCNE1] were associated with the cell cycle and the regulation of cell proliferation, while GNCA-unique DEGs (e.g., GATA binding protein 6 and hyaluronoglucosaminidase 1) were implicated in cell death. A PPI network with 141 nodes and 446 edges were obtained, from which two subnetworks were extracted. Genes [e.g., fibronectin 1, collagen type I α2 chain (COL1A2) and COL1A1] from the two subnetworks were implicated in extracellular matrix organization. These common DEGs could advance our understanding of the etiology of gastric cancer, while the unique DEGs in GCA and GNCA could better define the properties of specific cancers and provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Neng Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Chen Ren
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Bo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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46
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Xu Y, Li X, Wang H, Xie P, Yan X, Bai Y, Zhang T. Hypermethylation of CDH13, DKK3 and FOXL2 promoters and the expression of EZH2 in ovary granulosa cell tumors. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2739-45. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Xie L, Wang PX, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, Zhao GN, Wang A, Guo J, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Li H. DKK3 expression in hepatocytes defines susceptibility to liver steatosis and obesity. J Hepatol 2016; 65:113-124. [PMID: 27016281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dickkopf-3 (DKK3), a protein belonging to the DKK family, has been extensively investigated in the context of cancer, including liver cancer. However, the role of DKK3 in hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorders remains largely unexplored. METHODS We detected the expression of DKK3 in the fatty livers of NAFLD patients and of obese mice and investigated the function of DKK3 in hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorders by using hepatocyte-specific DKK3 deficiency or overexpression obese mice induced by high fat diet (HFD) or genetic defect (ob/ob). The molecular mechanisms underlying DKK3-regulated hepatic steatosis were further explored and verified in mice. RESULTS DKK3 expression was significantly decreased in the livers of NAFLD patients and of obese mice as well as in cultured hepatocytes stimulated with palmitate. Further investigation indicated that specific overexpression of DKK3 in hepatocytes enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, reduced the inflammatory response, and ameliorated the imbalance of lipid metabolism in response to HFD or genetic defects. In contrast, DKK3 deficiency in hepatocytes led to an almost complete reversal of these pathologies. Mechanistically, DKK3 combined with Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) under palmitate stimulation, and thus inhibited the activation of the downstream P38/JNK pathway. Importantly, dominant-negative ASK1 blocked the accelerated effects of DKK3 deficiency, while the constitutively active form of ASK1 overcame the inhibitory effects of DKK3 overexpression on HFD-induced metabolic disorders in vivo. CONCLUSION DKK3 functions as a negative regulator of insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and associated inflammatory responses, which depends on its inhibitory regulation of ASK1 activity. LAY SUMMARY DKK3 expression is decreased in the non-alcoholic fatty liver of humans and mice. Adding DKK3 expression alleviates fatty liver in mice by inhibiting ASK1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfeng Xie
- Department of Hepatology and Infection, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China; Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Infection, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Animal Experiment Center/Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Mohammadpour H, Fekrazad R. Antitumor effect of combined Dkk-3 and 5-ALA mediated photodynamic therapy in breast cancer cell’s colony. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 14:200-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kim MS, Lee HN, Kim HJ, Myung SC. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in DKK3 gene are associated with prostate cancer risk and progression. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 41:869-97. [PMID: 26689513 PMCID: PMC4756964 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We had investigated whether sequence variants within DKK3 gene are associated with the development of prostate cancer in a Korean study cohort. We evaluated the association between 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DKK3 gene and prostate cancer risk as well as clinical characteristics (PSA, clinical stage, pathological stage and Gleason score) in Korean men (272 prostate cancer subjects and 173 benign prostate hyperplasia subjects) using unconditional logistic regression analysis. Of the 53 SNPs and 25 common haplotypes, 5 SNPs and 4 haplotypes were associated with prostate cancer risk (P=0.02-0.04); 3 SNPs and 2 haplotypes were significantly associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer, however 2 SNPs and 2 haplotypes exhibited a significant protective effect on prostate cancer. Logistic analyses of the DKK3 gene polymorphisms with several prostate cancer related factors showed that several SNPs were significant; three SNPs and two haplotypes to PSA level, three SNPs and two haplotypes to clinical stage, nine SNPs and two haplotype to pathological stage, one SNP and one haplotypes to Gleason score. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report documenting that DKK3 polymorphisms are not only associated with prostate cancer but also related to prostate cancer-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Na Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul Seonam Hospital, EwhaWomans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Jong Kim
- Research Institue for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.,Advanced Urogenital Diseas Research Center, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Chul Myung
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gou WF, Yang XF, Shen DF, Zhao S, Liu YP, Sun HZ, Takano Y, Su RJ, Luo JS, Zheng HC. The roles of BTG3 expression in gastric cancer: a potential marker for carcinogenesis and a target molecule for gene therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19841-67. [PMID: 25904053 PMCID: PMC4637325 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BTG (B-cell translocation gene) can inhibit cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, cell cycle progression, and induce differentiation in various cells. Here, we found that BTG3 overexpression inhibited proliferation, induced S/G2 arrest, differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, suppressed migration and invasion in MKN28 and MGC803 cells (p < 0.05). BTG3 transfectants showed a higher mRNA expression of p27, Bax, 14-3-3, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Beclin 1, NF-κB, IL-1, -2, -4, -10 and -17, but a lower mRNA expression of p21, MMP-9 and VEGF than the control and mock (p < 0.05). At protein level, BTG3 overexpression increased the expression of CDK4, AIF, LC-3B, Beclin 1 and p38 (p < 0.05), but decreased the expression of p21 and β-catenin in both transfectants (p < 0.05). After treated with cisplatin, MG132, paclitaxel and SAHA, both BTG3 transfectants showed lower viability and higher apoptosis than the control in both time- and dose-dependent manners (p < 0.05). BTG3 expression was restored after 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine or MG132 treatment in gastric cancer cells. BTG3 expression was decreased in gastric cancer in comparison to the adjacent mucosa (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with venous invasion and dedifferentiation of cancer (p < 0.05). It was suggested that BTG3 expression might contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. BTG3 overexpression might reverse the aggressive phenotypes and be employed as a potential target for gene therapy of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-feng Gou
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue-feng Yang
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dao-fu Shen
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yun-peng Liu
- Department of Oncological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-zhi Sun
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yasuo Takano
- School of Health Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Ohta-ku, Tokyo
| | - Rong-jian Su
- Experimental Center, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jun-sheng Luo
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua-chuan Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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