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Ekaterina Z, Daria S, Lyubov G, Ekaterina M, Varvara M, Diana G, Andrey M, Ekaterina L. Synthetic 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamides Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3478-3487. [PMID: 38083885 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128275084231202153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies demonstrate the efficacy of ribavirin against various cancer types in in vitro and in vivo models. However, ribavirin induces the development of multiple side effects, suggesting a high demand for ribavirin analogues with improved therapeutic indexes. OBJECTIVE This study was focused on the analysis of ribavirin, its aglycon 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, and several of its derivatives activities in blood cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Four 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. Antiproliferative effects were evaluated in chronic myeloid leukemia cells К562 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells CCRF-SB as well as in the cells of whole blood mononuclear fraction of healthy volunteers by cell counting using the trypan blue exclusion method. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis under the influence of the compounds were analyzed by flow cytometry with PI staining, and then apoptosis data were confirmed by Western blot analysis for PARP1 and caspase-3 cleavage. RESULTS We demonstrated the significant antiproliferative effect of 5-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3- carboxamide and 1-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamide in leukemia cell lines in vitro in comparison to non-transformed monocytes, providing the rationale for further studies of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives as anti-leukemia drugs. CONCLUSION These results implied that the 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives exhibited their antiproliferative activities by induction of cell cycle arrest. Consequently, 5-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide and 1-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamide may present antimetabolites with potential anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidkova Ekaterina
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Stepanycheva Daria
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Grebenkina Lyubov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Mikhina Ekaterina
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Maksimova Varvara
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Grigoreva Diana
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Matveev Andrey
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Lesovaya Ekaterina
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia
- Faculty of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, 9 Vysokovol'tnaya St., Ryazan 390026, Russia
- Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198, Russia
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Kersy O, Salmon-Divon M, Shpilberg O, Hershkovitz-Rokah O. Non-Coding RNAs in Normal B-Cell Development and in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: From Molecular Mechanism to Biomarker and Therapeutic Agent Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179490. [PMID: 34502399 PMCID: PMC8430640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocytes are essential for an efficient immune response against a variety of pathogens. A large fraction of hematologic malignancies are of B-cell origin, suggesting that the development and activation of B cells must be tightly regulated. In recent years, differentially expressed non-coding RNAs have been identified in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) tumor samples as opposed to their naive, normal B-cell compartment. These aberrantly expressed molecules, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have a role in cellular growth and survival pathways in various biological models. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on the role of non-coding RNAs and their relevant targets in B-cell development, activation and malignant transformation, summarizing the current understanding of the role of aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs in MCL pathobiology with perspectives for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kersy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (O.K.); (M.S.-D.)
- Translational Research Lab, Assuta Medical Centers, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel;
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (O.K.); (M.S.-D.)
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Ofer Shpilberg
- Translational Research Lab, Assuta Medical Centers, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel;
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Institute of Hematology, Assuta Medical Centers, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel
| | - Oshrat Hershkovitz-Rokah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (O.K.); (M.S.-D.)
- Translational Research Lab, Assuta Medical Centers, Tel-Aviv 6971028, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-764-4094
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Hu G, Zhang Y, Gupta M. RIP sequencing in mantle cell lymphoma identifies functional long non-coding RNAs associated with translation machinery. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:55. [PMID: 31350385 PMCID: PMC6659685 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Hu
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mamta Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Okon A, Han J, Dawadi S, Demosthenous C, Aldrich CC, Gupta M, Wagner CR. Anchimerically Activated ProTides as Inhibitors of Cap-Dependent Translation and Inducers of Chemosensitization in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8131-8144. [PMID: 28858511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cellular delivery of nucleotides through various pronucleotide strategies has expanded the utility of nucleosides as a therapeutic class. Although highly successful, the highly popular ProTide system relies on a four-step enzymatic and chemical process to liberate the corresponding monophosphate. To broaden the scope and reduce the number of steps required for monophosphate release, we have developed a strategy that depends on initial chemical activation by a sulfur atom of a methylthioalkyl protecting group, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the resulting phosphoramidate monoester. We have employed this ProTide strategy for intracellular delivery of a nucleotide antagonist of eIF4E in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that chemical inhibition of cap-dependent translation results in suppression of c-Myc expression, increased p27 expression, and enhanced chemosensitization to doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and ibrutinib. In addition, the new ProTide strategy was shown to enhance oral bioavailability of the corresponding monoester phosphoramidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JingJing Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | | | - Christos Demosthenous
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | | | - Mamta Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University , GW Cancer Center, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
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Asimomytis A, Karanikou M, Rodolakis A, Vaiopoulou A, Tsetsa P, Creatsas G, Stefos T, Antsaklis A, Patsouris E, Rassidakis GZ. mTOR downstream effectors, 4EBP1 and eIF4E, are overexpressed and associated with HPV status in precancerous lesions and carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3234-3240. [PMID: 27899988 PMCID: PMC5103924 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the expression levels of two critical mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) downstream effectors, 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) proteins, in precancerous squamous intraepithelial lesions and cancer of the uterine cervix, and their association with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection status. Uterine cervical biopsies from 73 patients were obtained, including 40 fresh-frozen samples and 42 archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Whole protein extracts were analyzed for the expression of 4EBP1 and eIF4E proteins using western blotting. In addition, distribution of 4EBP1 and eIF4E protein expression and 4EBP1 phosphorylation (P-4EBP1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in archival tissues and correlated with the degree of dysplasia. The presence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types was assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Using western blot analysis, high expression levels of 4EBP1 and eIF4E were observed in all uterine cervical carcinomas, which significantly correlated with the degree of dysplasia. By immunohistochemistry, overexpression of 4EBP1 and eIF4E was detected in 20 of 21 (95%) and 17 of 21 (81%) samples, respectively, in patients with high-grade dysplasia and carcinomas, compared with 1 of 20 (5%) and 2 of 20 (10%) samples, respectively, in patients with low-grade lesions or normal histology. All 4EBP1-positive cases tested were also positive for P-4EBP1. Furthermore, overexpression of 4EBP1 and eIF4E significantly correlated with the presence of HR-HPV oncogenic types. The present study demonstrated that critical effectors of mTOR signaling, which control protein synthesis initiation, are overexpressed in cervical high-grade dysplasia and cancer, and their levels correlate with oncogenic HPV types. These findings may provide novel targets for investigational therapeutic approaches in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Asimomytis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Karanikou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Rodolakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Vaiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Tsetsa
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
| | - George Creatsas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Stefos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ioannina, School of Medicine, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aristidis Antsaklis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Z Rassidakis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Solna 17176, Sweden
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Moraitis D, Karanikou M, Liakou C, Dimas K, Tzimas G, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Patsouris E, Rassidakis GZ, Kouvaraki MA. SIN1, a critical component of the mTOR-Rictor complex, is overexpressed and associated with AKT activation in medullary and aggressive papillary thyroid carcinomas. Surgery 2014; 156:1542-8; discussion 1548-9. [PMID: 25456951 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) forms 2 active complexes in the cell: the rapamycin-sensitive mTOR-Raptor (mTORC1) and the rapamycin-insensitive mTOR-Rictor (mTORC2). The latter activates AKT kinase, which promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation by multiple downstream targets. Mammalian stress-activated protein kinase interacting protein 1 (SIN1), an essential subunit of the mTORC2 complex, maintains the integrity of the complex and substrate specificity and regulates Akt activation. The role of mTOR-Rictor complex activation in thyroid carcinogenesis remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated expression patterns of Sin1 in the cells lines of thyroid carcinoma and tumors and their association with AKT activation, histologic type, and tumor aggressiveness. METHODS Tissue specimens from 42 patients with thyroid cancer, including follicular (5), papillary (18), medullary (16), and poorly differentiated (3) carcinomas were analyzed via immunohistochemistry for SIN1 expression and AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 residue (Ser473-p-AKT). Eight of 18 papillary carcinomas were aggressive histologic variants. In addition, expression of Sin1 and activation of AKT kinase were analyzed in fresh-frozen tissue samples (normal/tumor), primary cell cultures (papillary thyroid carcinoma [PTC]), and an established thyroid cancer cell line (medullary thyroid carcinoma) by Western blotting. RESULTS With immunohistochemistry, we found that Sin1 was overexpressed in medullary thyroid carcinomas and aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma compared with conventional papillary and follicular carcinomas (P < .001). Sin1 expression correlated with AKT activation in the entire study group (P = .002). Using Western blot analysis, we found that Sin1 and p-AKT were detected at a greater level in cultured primary cells from aggressive PTC compared with conventional PTC as well as in cell lines of medullary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. High expression levels of SIN1 were detected in papillary thyroid carcinomas compared with benign nodules in immunoblots in which we used fresh-frozen patient samples. Two of the Sin1 protein isoforms, p76 and p55, were detected predominantly in PTC samples. CONCLUSION Sin1, a critical factor of the mTORC2 complex is overexpressed in clinically aggressive thyroid cancer types and is associated strongly with activation of AKT kinase. Sin1-dependent AKT activation might represent a target for experimental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Karanikou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Chryssa Liakou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Tzimas
- Department of Surgery, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Tseleni-Balafouta
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Z Rassidakis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria A Kouvaraki
- Department of Surgery, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wu L, Wang T, Gui W, Lin H, Xie K, Wang H, Gao T, Zhang X, Liu L, Han T, Tian Y, Hou L. Prognostic significance of serum beta-2 microglobulin in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncology 2014; 87:40-7. [PMID: 24969158 DOI: 10.1159/000362670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Elevated serum beta-2 microglobulin (β2-M) has previously been reported in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. This study examined the association between serum β2-M and the prognosis of NHL and analyzed its predictive value. METHOD A total of 287 NHL patients from Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, participated in a prospective cohort study between 2008 and 2011. Overall survival (OS) was compared between NHL patients with high and normal β2-M levels using the log-rank test. Three standard Cox regression models including the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, β2-M or IPI score+β2-M as independent variables were constructed. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves method and C index were used to examine the tendency of the models' predictive accuracy over time. RESULTS NHL patients with elevated β2-M values had worse OS (p<0.001) and higher mortality risk (HR=1.93, 95% CI 1.37-2.77, p<0.001) than patients with normal β2-M values. There were statistically significant differences between the C indexes for the models with IPI+β2-M, IPI or β2-M alone (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated an association between serum β2-M and NHL prognosis. Combining β2-M with IPI may help to improve the prognostic accuracy of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Chakravarthy R, Clemens MJ, Pirianov G, Perdios N, Mudan S, Cartwright JE, Elia A. Role of the eIF4E binding protein 4E-BP1 in regulation of the sensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL and celastrol-induced apoptosis. Biol Cell 2013; 105:414-29. [PMID: 23734772 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Tumour cells can be induced to undergo apoptosis after treatment with the tumour necrosis factor α-related death-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Although human pancreatic cancer cells show varying degrees of response they can be sensitised to the pro-apoptotic effects of TRAIL in the presence of celastrol, a natural compound extracted from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. One important aspect of the cellular response to TRAIL is the control of protein synthesis, a key regulator of which is the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein, 4E-BP1. RESULTS We examined the effects of celastrol and TRAIL in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. In cells that are normally resistant to TRAIL, synergistic effects of TRAIL plus celastrol on commitment to apoptosis and inhibition of protein synthesis were observed. These were associated with a strong up-regulation and dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1. The enhancement of 4E-BP1 expression, which correlated with a threefold increase in the level of the 4E-BP1 transcript, was blocked by inhibitors of reactive oxygen species and the JNK protein kinase. When the expression of 4E-BP1 was reduced by an inducible micro-RNA, TRAIL-mediated apoptosis was inhibited. CONCLUSION These results suggest that 4E-BP1 plays a critical role in the mechanism by which TRAIL and celastrol together cause apoptotic cell death in human pancreatic tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Chakravarthy
- Translational Control Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma is a well-recognized distinct clinicopathologic subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification subdivides this entity into aggressive and other variants. The disease has a predilection for older males, and patients typically present at an advanced stage with frequent splenomegaly and extranodal involvement including bone marrow, peripheral blood, gastrointestinal, and occasional central nervous system involvement. Early studies of therapy outcomes in this disease revealed that while response rates where high, relapse was expected after a limited period of time. Prolonged survival was uncommon, with initial median survival rates typically in the 3-4-year range. Those with a high proliferative rate, blastoid morphology, and selected clinical features were recognized as having a worse prognosis. Therapeutic approaches have diverged into aggressive therapies with high response rates and promising progression free survival rates, which may be applied to younger healthy patients, and less aggressive approaches. Aggressive therapies include intensive chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant, which has been shown to be most effective when applied in first remission. Whether these more intense therapies result in improved survival as compared with less aggressive therapies is not well established. Allogeneic transplant has also been investigated, although high treatment-related mortality and the risk of chronic graft versus host disease and the relatively advanced age of this patient population have tempered enthusiasm for this approach. A number of less aggressive therapies have been shown to produce promising results. Consolidation and maintenance strategies are an active area of investigation. A number of newer agents have shown promising activity in relapsed disease, and are being investigated in the front-line setting. Overall survival rates are improving in this disease, with current studies suggesting a median survival of 5 or more years.
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Prasad A, Shrivastava A, Papadopoulos E, Kuzontkoski PM, Reddy MVR, Gillum AM, Kumar R, Reddy EP, Groopman JE. Combined administration of rituximab and on 013105 induces apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma cells and reduces tumor burden in a mouse model of mantle cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:85-95. [PMID: 23124440 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell lymphoma, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of ON 013105, a novel benzylstyryl sulfone kinase inhibitor, alone or with doxorubicin or rituximab, were examined in Granta 519 and Z138C cells. For in vivo studies, CB17/SCID mice were implanted subcutaneously with Z138C cells and treated with various combinations of ON 013105, doxorubicin, and rituximab. Tumor burden and body weight were monitored for 28 days. RESULTS ON 013105 induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in MCL cells. Death was preceded by translocation of tBid to the mitochondria and cytochrome c release. In addition, ON 013105-treated cells exhibited reduced levels of cyclin D1, c-Myc, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xL. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we showed specific binding of ON 013105 to eIF4E, a critical factor for the initiation of protein translation. We proffer that this drug-protein interaction preferentially prevents the translation of the aforementioned proteins and may be the mechanism by which ON 013105 induces apoptosis in MCL cells. Efficacy studies in a mouse xenograft model showed that ON 013105 inhibited MCL tumor growth and that combining ON 013105 with rituximab reduced tumor burden further with negligible unwanted effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ON 013105, alone or in combination with rituximab, may be a potent therapeutic agent to treat MCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Targeting mTOR in mantle cell lymphoma: Current and future directions. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2012; 25:175-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang XL, Cai HP, Ge JH, Su XF. Detection of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E and its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:2540-4. [PMID: 22654452 PMCID: PMC3360453 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i20.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which is closely correlated with malignant tumors, and its relationship to prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
METHODS: Western blotting was performed to quantify the elF4E protein expression in the normal human liver cell line L02 and the hepatoma cell lines Hep3B, HepG2, and Huh7. Forty-six hepatocellular carcinoma samples with complete clinical data were obtained from Changzheng Hospital during the period of December 2008 to July 2009. The expression of eIF4E in the tumor samples and their adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the test results and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis was statistically analysed by using a COX proportional hazard model.
RESULTS: Western blotting analysis showed that there were distinct eIF4E protein bands in all three of the hepatoma cell lines. In particular, the HepG2 cell line had the highest level of eIF4E protein expression. The L02 cell group had a low eIF4E expression. Immunohistochemical assay showed that there were 32 cases in which the tumour tissue expression was higher than their adjacent tissues, accounting for 69.57%. There were also 14 cases in which the tumour tissue expression was lower or no significant difference was found, accounting for 30.43%. COX proportional hazards model analysis showed that HCC prognosis was related to the depth of invasion, the overexpression of eIF4E and p53, possibly as independent HCC prognostic predictors.
CONCLUSION: In summary, eIF4E expression is associated with liver cancer, and patients with high eIF4E expression levels have a higher risk of recurrence.
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Kouvaraki MA, Liakou C, Paraschi A, Dimas K, Patsouris E, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Rassidakis GZ, Moraitis D. Activation of mTOR signaling in medullary and aggressive papillary thyroid carcinomas. Surgery 2012; 150:1258-65. [PMID: 22136849 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) may be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, we investigated the expression and activation patterns of mTOR signaling proteins in thyroid carcinoma cells and tumors and their association with tumor histology and aggressiveness. METHODS Tissue specimens from 50 patients with thyroid cancer were analyzed for eIF4E, a critical downstream target of the mTOR pathway, using immunohistochemistry. In addition, fresh-frozen samples from patients, and primary tumor cell cultures were analyzed for expression and activation of mTOR signaling proteins by Western blot. Moreover, pharmacologic studies with rapamycin were performed. RESULTS High expression of eIF4E was observed in medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) and in aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) as compared with conventional PTC and follicular thyroid carcinomas (P < .0001). The level of eIF4E expression also correlated with tumor stage (P = .002). Using Western blot analysis, p-rpS6, p-4EBP1, 4EBP1, and eIF4E were detected at higher levels in aggressive PTC and MTC cells. Treatment of MTC cells with increasing concentrations of rapamycin resulted in significant cell death and in decreased cell growth associated with deactivation of the mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION mTOR signaling, which controls protein synthesis through regulation of translation initiation, is activated in aggressive PTC and MTC and represents a promising target for investigational therapies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Kouvaraki
- Department of Surgery, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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Borden KLB, Culjkovic-Kraljacic B. Ribavirin as an anti-cancer therapy: acute myeloid leukemia and beyond? Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 51:1805-15. [PMID: 20629523 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.496506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin was discovered nearly 40 years ago as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug. Recent data suggest that ribavirin may also be an effective cancer therapy. In this case, ribavirin targets an oncogene, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, elevated in approximately 30% of cancers including many leukemias and lymphomas. Specifically, ribavirin impedes eIF4E mediated oncogenic transformation by acting as an inhibitor of eIF4E. In a phase II clinical trial, ribavirin treatment led to substantial clinical benefit in patients with poor-prognosis acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here molecular targeting of eIF4E correlated with clinical response. Ribavirin also targets a key enzyme in the guanosine biosynthetic pathway, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), and also modulates immunity. Parallels with known antiviral mechanisms could be informative; however, after 40 years, these are not entirely clear. The antiviral effects of ribavirin appear cell-type specific. This variation likely arises for many reasons, including cell specific variations in ribavirin metabolism as well as virus specific factors. Thus, it seems that the mechanisms for ribavirin action in cancer therapy may also vary in terms of the cancer/tissue under study. Here we review the anticancer activities of ribavirin and discuss the possible utility of incorporating ribavirin into diverse cancer therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L B Borden
- Institute of Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Rodriguez J, Gutierrez A, Obrador-Hevia A, Fernandez de Mattos S, Cabanillas F. Therapeutic concepts in mantle cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2010; 85:371-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Akyurek N, Drakos E, Giaslakiotis K, Knoblock RJ, Abruzzo LV, Ning Y, Rassidakis GZ, Medeiros LJ. Differential expression of CKS-1B in typical and blastoid variants of mantle cell lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1448-55. [PMID: 20688354 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma is a distinct type of B-cell lymphoma characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32). Mantle cell lymphomas exhibit a spectrum of morphologic findings, of which a subset of tumors is clinically aggressive with a high proliferation rate. These neoplasms are known as aggressive variants of which there are blastoid and pleomorphic subsets. CKS-1B (CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B) is essential for the ubiquitination and degradation of p27 and cell cycle progression. We analyzed CKS-1B expression in mantle cell lymphoma cell lines and tumors by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. In 4 mantle cell lymphoma cell lines, CKS-1B was expressed at variable levels and correlated inversely with p27 expression. In mantle cell lymphoma tumors, CKS-1B was positive in 10 (28.6%) of 35 typical versus 14 (87.5%) of 16 blastoid/pleomorphic cases (Fisher exact test, P = .0002). Analyzed as a continuous variable, the percentage of CKS-1B-positive cells significantly correlated with blastoid/pleomorphic morphology (Mann-Whitney U test, P = .001). Twelve (23.5%) of 51 mantle cell lymphoma tumors expressed p27. Proliferation rate (Ki-67) was higher in blastoid/pleomorphic variants than in typical mantle cell lymphoma tumors and was inversely associated with p27 levels in typical mantle cell lymphoma. However, CKS-1B expression did not correlate with p27 expression, proliferation rate, or prognosis in the entire study group. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of 10 CKS-1B-positive mantle cell lymphoma tumors showed no evidence of CKS-1B gene amplification. We conclude that CKS-1B is commonly expressed in mantle cell lymphoma, particularly in aggressive histologic variants, and may be involved in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Akyurek
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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