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Guo L, Yan H, Gong Q, Zheng W, Zhong L, Gong T, Sun X, Zhang Z, Ping Y, Zhu Z, Xu J, Zhang Y. Glomerulus-Targeted ROS-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Effective Membranous Nephropathy Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35447-35462. [PMID: 38940537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common immune-mediated glomerular disease that requires the development of safe and highly effective therapies. Celastrol (CLT) has shown promise as a therapeutic molecule candidate, but its clinical use is currently limited due to off-target toxicity. Given that excess levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributing to podocyte damage is a key driver of MN progression to end-stage renal disease, we rationally designed ROS-responsive cationic polymeric nanoparticles (PPS-CPNs) with a well-defined particle size and surface charge by employing poly(propylene sulfide)-polyethylene glycol (PPS-PEG) and poly(propylene sulfide)-polyethylenimine (PPS-PEI) to selectively deliver CLT to the damaged glomerulus for MN therapy. Experimental results show that PPS-CPNs successfully crossed the fenestrated endothelium, accumulated in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and were internalized by podocytes where rapid drug release was triggered by the overproduction of ROS, thereby outperforming nonresponsive CLT nanotherapy to alleviate subepithelial immune deposits, podocyte foot process effacement, and GBM expansion in a rat MN model. Moreover, the ROS-responsive CLT nanotherapy was associated with significantly lower toxicity to major organs than free CLT. These results suggest that encapsulating CLT into PPS-CPNs can improve efficacy and reduce toxicity as a promising treatment option for MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Yan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Gong
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zheng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhong
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Tao Gong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- West China School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zilan Zhu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Jian Xu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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de Kort WWB, de Ruiter EJ, Haakma WE, Driehuis E, Devriese LA, van Es RJJ, Willems SM. p-mTOR, p-ERK and PTEN Expression in Tumor Biopsies and Organoids as Predictive Biomarkers for Patients with HPV Negative Head and Neck Cancer. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:697-707. [PMID: 37486536 PMCID: PMC10514008 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have only marginally improved in the last decades. Hence there is a need for predictive biomarkers for long-time survival that can help to guide treatment decisions and might lead to the development of new therapies. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is the most frequently altered pathway in HNSCC, genes are often mutated, amplificated and overexpressed causing aberrant signaling affecting cell growth and differentiation. Numerous genetic alterations of upstream and downstream factors have currently been clarified. However, their predictive value has yet to be established. Therefore we assess the predictive value of p-mTOR, p-ERK and PTEN expression. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMA's) of HPV-negative patients with oropharyngeal (n = 48), hypopharyngeal (n = 16) or laryngeal (n = 13) SCC, treated with primary chemoradiation (cisplatin/carboplatin/cetuximab and radiotherapy), were histologically stained for p-mTOR, PTEN and p-ERK. Expression was correlated to overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and locoregional control (LRC). Also p-mTOR was histologically stained in a separate cohort of HNSCC organoids (n = 8) and correlated to mTOR-inhibitor everolimus response. RESULTS High p-mTOR expression correlated significantly with worse OS in multivariate analysis in the whole patient cohort [Hazar Ratio (HR) 1.06, 95%CI 1.01-1.11, p = 0.03] and in the cisplatin/carboplatin group with both worse OS (HR 1.09, 95%CI 1.02-1.16, p = 0.02) and DFS (HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.00-1.12, p = 0,04). p-ERK expression correlated significantly with DFS in univariate analysis in the whole patient cohort (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.05, p = 0.04) and cisplatin/carboplatin group (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.07, p = 0.04). PTEN-expression did not correlate with OS/DFS/LRC. Better organoid response to everolimus correlated significantly to higher p-mTOR expression (Rs = - 0.731, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS High p-mTOR expression predicts and high p-ERK expression tends to predict worse treatment outcome in HPV negative HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiation, providing additional evidence that these markers are candidate prognostic biomarkers for survival in this patient population. Also this study shows that the use of HNSCC organoids for biomarker research has potential. The role of PTEN expression as prognostic biomarker remains unclear, as consistent evidence on its prognostic and predictive value is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. W. B. de Kort
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. de Ruiter
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W. E. Haakma
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. Driehuis
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. A. Devriese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. J. van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rao YF, Wang J, Cheng DN, Xu Y, Ren X, Yang W, Liu G, Xu W, Yan XH, Song Y, Zheng YB, An P, Zhong DL, He ZP, Ren JJ, Zhao Y. The Controversy of Pepsinogen A/Pepsin A in Detecting Extra-Gastroesophageal Reflux. J Voice 2023; 37:748-756. [PMID: 34090740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pepsinogen A (PGA)/pepsin A is often used as a diagnostic marker of extra-gastroesophageal reflux. We aimed to explore whether its positivity in upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) was specific enough to diagnose reflux. METHODS PGA/pepsin A protein levels were examined in 10 types of tissues and 10 types of body fluid by immunological staining, western blot or Elisa, using three different commercially available brands simultaneously. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry parallel reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MS PRM) served as a gold reference for the detection of PGA/pepsin A proteins. PGA gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase sequencing methods for tissue samples. Specifically, 24 hour pH monitoring technique was conducted for patients who donated saliva samples. RESULTS Eight out of ten types of human tissue samples (stomach, esophagus, lung, kidney, colon, parotid gland, nasal turbinate and nasal polyps) were confirmed positive for PGA/pepsin A gene and protein by genetic and PRM technique, respectively. Two out of ten types of body fluid samples (gastric fluid, urine) were confirmed positive for PGA/pepsin A protein by PRM technique. The consistence rates of PGA/pepsin A positivity among three commercial antibody brands and Elisa kit were poor, and Elisa results of salivary did not match with 24-hour pH monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Multiple tissues and body fluid could be detected baseline expression levels of PGA/pepsin A gene and protein. However, those commercially available PGA/pepsin A antibodies achieved poor sensitivity and specificity, therefore, relying on the detection of PGA/pepsin A in UADT by single antibodies to diagnose extra-gastroesophageal reflux without a specific positive cut-off value is unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Rao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan-Ni Cheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue Ren
- Institute of statistics and management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao-Hong Yan
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yao Song
- Institute of statistics and management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Bo Zheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping An
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Da-Lin Zhong
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhao-Ping He
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I.duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Ren
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada..
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China..
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Ji L, Moghal N, Zou X, Fang Y, Hu S, Wang Y, Tsao MS. The NRF2 antagonist ML385 inhibits PI3K-mTOR signaling and growth of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5688-5702. [PMID: 36305267 PMCID: PMC10028163 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) currently has limited therapeutic options because of the relatively few validated targets and the lack of clinical drugs for some of these targets. Although NRF2/NFE2L2 pathway activation commonly occurs in LUSC, NRF2 has predominantly been studied in other cancer models. Here, we investigated the function of NRF2 in LUSC, including in organoid models, and we explored the activity of a small molecule NRF2 inhibitor ML385, which has not previously been investigated in LUSC. METHODS We first explored the role of NRF2 signaling in LUSC cancer cell line and organoid proliferation through NRF2 knockdown or ML385 treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. Next, we performed Western blot and immunofluorescence assays to determine the effect of NRF2 inhibition on PI3K-mTOR signaling. Finally, we used cell viability and clonogenic assays to explore whether ML385 could sensitize LUSC cancer cells to PI3K inhibitors. RESULTS We find that downregulation of NRF2 signaling inhibited proliferation of LUSC cancer cell lines and organoids, both in vivo and in vitro. We also demonstrate that inhibition of NRF2 reduces PI3K-mTOR signaling, with two potential mechanisms being involved. Although NRF2 promotes AKT phosphorylation, it also acts downstream of AKT to increase RagD protein expression and recruitment of mTOR to lysosomes after amino acid stimulation. We also find that ML385 potentiates LUSC growth inhibition by a pan-PI3K inhibitor, which correlates with stronger inhibition of PI3K-mTOR signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide additional support for NRF2 promoting LUSC growth through PI3K-mTOR activation and support development of NRF2 inhibitors for the treatment of LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ji
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nadeem Moghal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinru Zou
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixuan Fang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuning Hu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Qiu W, Ren M, Wang C, Fu Y, Liu Y. The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mTOR and p-mTOR expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32340. [PMID: 36595789 PMCID: PMC9794261 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has a crucial role in carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, and metastasis; however, its significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains contentious. Consequently, this study aims to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic importance of mTOR/p-mTOR expression in NSCLC. METHODS Literature retrieval was undertaken by searching English databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library as well as Chinese databases CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP for full-text publications that satisfied our eligibility criteria up to November 2021. STATA 12.0 was used to conduct statistical analysis (STATA Corporation, College Station, TX). RESULTS This meta-analysis includes a total of 4683 patients from 28 primary publications. mTOR/p-mTOR expression was associated with sex (OR = 0.608, 95% CI: 0.442-0.836), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.084, 95% CI: 1.437-3.182), and CEA (OR = 1.584, 95% CI: 1.135-2.209), but not with age, histological type, depth of tumor invasion, distant metastasis, TNM stage, differentiation degree, tumor size, or smoking. In addition, the expression of mTOR/p-mTOR is related to shorter overall survival in NSCLC patients (HR = 1.415, 95% CI: 1.051-1.905). CONCLUSION Positive mTOR/p-mTOR expression was substantially correlated with unfavorable conditions on the sex, lymph node metastases, and CEA levels. mTOR/p-mTOR may indicate a bad prognosis for NSCLC. The current findings must be confirmed and changed by other high-quality research employing a multivariate analysis on bigger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Meiying Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- * Correspondence: Meiying Ren, Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, 41 Linyin Road, Kundulun District, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia 014010, China (e-mail: )
| | - Cuifeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yuhua Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
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Fazil WFWM, Amanah A, Abduraman MA, Sulaiman SF, Wahab HA, Tan ML. The Effects of Deoxyelephantopin on the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K Signaling Pathway in MCF-7 Breast Carcinoma Cells In Vitro. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of deoxyelephantopin on mTOR and its related target molecules (Akt/mTOR/P70S6K) in the ER-positive breast cancer cell line. Materials and Methods Primary in silico simulations were determined, and the effects of deoxyelephantopin on the phosphorylation of the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K molecules were evaluated using AlphaScreen-based assays and western blot analysis, respectively. Results Based on the estimated FEB and K i values, deoxyelephantopin appeared to have a stronger affinity toward P70S6K as compared with Akt and mTOR. Both deoxyelephantopin and control inhibitors were observed to form hydrogen bonds with the same key residue, Leu175 of the P70S6K molecule. Deoxyelephantopin downregulated the p-P70S6K protein expression significantly from 18 µM ( P < .05) and onward. Based on the AlphaScreen assay, deoxyelephantopin produced a concentration-dependent inhibition on the phosphorylation of P70S6K with an IC50 value of 7.13 µM. Conclusion Deoxyelephantopin induced cell death in MCF-7 cells, possibly via DNA fragmentation, inhibition of the phosphorylation of P70SK6, and downregulation of the relative p-p70S6K protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Failiza Wan Mohamad Fazil
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Azimah Amanah
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asyraf Abduraman
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, SAINS@BERTAM, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Shaida Fariza Sulaiman
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Abdul Wahab
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, SAINS@BERTAM, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Wu Q, Wang J, Wang Y, Xiang L, Tan Y, Feng J, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Targeted delivery of celastrol to glomerular endothelium and podocytes for chronic kidney disease treatment. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 15:3556-3568. [PMID: 34925707 PMCID: PMC8666268 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex and diverse, which could be briefly categorized to glomerular- or tubular-originated. However, the final outcomes of CKD are mainly glomerular sclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and injury, and chronic inflammation. Thus, targeted delivery of drugs to the glomeruli in order to ameliorate glomerular endothelial damage may help alleviate CKD and help enrich our knowledge. The herb tripterygium wilfordii shows therapeutic effect on kidney disease, and celastrol (CLT) is one of its active ingredients but with strong toxicity. Therefore, based on the unique structure and pathological characteristics of the glomerulus, we designed a targeted delivery system named peptides coupled CLT-phospholipid lipid nanoparticles (PC-PLNs) to efficiently deliver CLT to damaged endothelial cells and podocytes in the glomerulus for CKD treatment and research. PC-PLNs could effectively inhibit inflammation, reduce endothelial damage, alleviate CKD severity, and reduce the toxicity of CLT. We also studied the mechanism of CLT in the treatment of nephropathy and found that CLT can increase the level of NO by increasing eNOS while inhibiting the expression of VCAM-1, thus provides an anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, our study not only offered an efficient CKD drug formulation for further development, but also provided new medical knowledge about CKD. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (attached with all the supporting tables and figures mentioned in this work) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-021-3894-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Jiading Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Block 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Yulu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Jiaxing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Block 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3 South Renmin Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, 610000 China
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Autophagic Activation and Decrease of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Contribute to Anticancer Activities in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195967. [PMID: 34641511 PMCID: PMC8512437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), an aggressive subtype of pulmonary carcinomas with high mortality, accounts for 85% of all lung cancers. Drug resistance and high recurrence rates impede the chemotherapeutic effect, making it urgent to develop new anti-NSCLC agents. Recently, we have demonstrated that para-toluenesulfonamide is a potential anti-tumor agent in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and lipid raft disruption. In the current study, we further addressed the critical role of cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomain and autophagic activation to para-toluenesulfonamide action in killing NSCLC. Similar in CRPC, para-toluenesulfonamide inhibited the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in NSCLC cell lines NCI-H460 and A549, leading to G1 arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Para-toluenesulfonamide significantly decreased the cholesterol levels of plasma membrane. External cholesterol supplement rescued para-toluenesulfonamide-mediated effects. Para-toluenesulfonamide induced a profound increase of LC3-II protein expression and a significant decrease of p62 expression. Double staining of lysosomes and cellular cholesterol showed para-toluenesulfonamide-induced lysosomal transportation of cholesterol, which was validated using flow cytometric analysis of lysosome staining. Moreover, autophagy inhibitors could blunt para-toluenesulfonamide-induced effect, indicating autophagy induction. In conclusion, the data suggest that para-toluenesulfonamide is an effective anticancer agent against NSCLC through G1 checkpoint arrest and apoptotic cell death. The disturbance of membrane cholesterol levels and autophagic activation may play a crucial role to para-toluenesulfonamide action.
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Zhao Z, Wang B, Mu L, Wang H, Luo J, Yang Y, Yang H, Li M, Zhou L, Tao C. Long-Term Exposure to Ceftriaxone Sodium Induces Alteration of Gut Microbiota Accompanied by Abnormal Behaviors in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:258. [PMID: 32714875 PMCID: PMC7344183 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence points out that a disturbance of gut microbiota may also disturb the gut–brain communication. However, it is not clear to what extent the alteration of microbiota composition can modulate brain function, affecting host behaviors. Here, we investigated the effects of gut microbiota depletion on emotional behaviors. Methods: Mice in the experimental group were orally administered ceftriaxone sodium solution (250 mg/ml, 0.2 ml/d) for 11 weeks. The open-field test and tail-suspension test were employed for the neurobehavioral assessment of the mice. Fecal samples were collected for 16s rDNA sequencing. The serum levels of cytokines and corticosterone were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The immunohistochemistry method was used for the detection of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and c-Fos protein. Results: The gut microbiota for antibiotic-treated mice showed lower richness and diversity compared with normal controls. This effect was accompanied by increased anxiety-like, depression-like, and aggressive behaviors. We found these changes to be possibly associated with a dysregulation of the immune system, abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and an alteration of neurochemistry. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the indispensable role of microbiota in the gut–brain communication and suggest that the absence of conventional gut microbiota could affect the nervous system, influencing brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoning Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongren Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanmin Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang S, Hu B, Lv X, Chen S, Liu W, Shao Z. The Prognostic Role of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 Pathway in Patients With Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:390. [PMID: 31139572 PMCID: PMC6527894 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies supported the predictive role of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), phosphorylated S6K1 (p-S6K1), and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-S6) for the outcome of cancer patients. However, inconsistent results were acquired across different researches. To comprehensively and quantitatively elucidate their prognostic significance in solid malignancies, the current meta-analysis was carried out utilizing the results of clinical studies. Methods: We conducted the literature retrieval by searching PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library to identify eligible publications. Data were collected from included articles to calculate pooled overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as appropriate parameters to assess prognostic significance. Results: Forty-four original studies were included, of which 7 studies were analyzed for S6K1, 24 for p-S6K1, and 16 for p-S6. The overexpression of p-S6K1 was significantly associated with poorer prognosis of solid tumor patients in OS (HR = 1.706, 95%CI: 1.369–2.125, p < 0.001), DFS (HR = 1.665, 95%CI: 1.002–2.768, p = 0.049). However, prognostic role of p-S6K1 in RFS and PFS was not found. The result also revealed that S6K1 and p-S6 were significantly associated with reduced OS (HR = 1.691, 95%CI: 1.306–2.189, p < 0.001; HR = 2.019, 95%CI: 1.775–2.296, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated expression of S6K1, p-S6K1, or p-S6 might indicate worse prognosis of patients with solid tumors, and supported a promising clinical test to predict solid tumor prognosis based on the level of S6K1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binwu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Electrochemically Reduced Water Delays Mammary Tumors Growth in Mice and Inhibits Breast Cancer Cells Survival In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4753507. [PMID: 30402124 PMCID: PMC6196883 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4753507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduced water (ERW) has been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health due to its rich content of H2 and the presence of platinum nanoparticles with antioxidant effects. Many studies have demonstrated that ERW scavenging properties are able to reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress in different experimental models. Although few in vivo studies have been reported, it has been demonstrated that ERW may display anticancer effects by induction of tumor cells apoptosis and reduction of both angiogenesis and inflammation. In this study, we show that ERW treatment of MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and mouse (TUBO) breast cancer cells inhibited cell survival in a time-dependent fashion. ERW decreased ErbB2/neu expression and impaired pERK1/ERK2 and AKT phosphorylation in breast cancer cells. In addition, ERW treatment induced apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines independently of the status of p53 and ER and PR receptors. Our in vivo results showed that ERW treatment of transgenic BALB-neuT mice delayed the development of mammary tumors compared to the control. In addition, ERW induced a significant prolongation of tumor-free survival and a reduction in tumor multiplicity. Overall, these results suggest a potential beneficial role of ERW in inhibiting cancer cells growth.
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Wang D, Wen GM, Hou W, Xia P. The roles of CD133 expression in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:385-394. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Gui-Min Wen
- Department of Basic Nursing, College of Nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, and Biological Anthropology Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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Hu Y, Yuan DZ, Wu Y, Yu LL, Xu LZ, Yue LM, Liu L, Xu WM, Qiao XY, Zeng RJ, Yang ZL, Yin WY, Ma YX, Nie Y. Bisphenol A Initiates Excessive Premature Activation of Primordial Follicles in Mouse Ovaries via the PTEN Signaling Pathway. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:609-620. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117734700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dong-zhi Yuan
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Sichuan Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Heavy Metals Pollution Control, Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-lin Yu
- Department of Infertility and Sterility ,Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Sichuan, Chengdu
| | - Liang-zhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Li-min Yue
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, China
- Department of Infertility and Sterility ,Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Sichuan, Chengdu
| | - Wen-ming Xu
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University -The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-yong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ru-jun Zeng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-lan Yang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-yao Yin
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-xian Ma
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Nie
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Liu D, Huang Y, Zhang L, Liang DN, Li L. Activation of Janus kinase 1 confers poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3959-3966. [PMID: 28989534 PMCID: PMC5620486 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) has been reported to occur in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), activating the JAK/signal transducers and activators of transcription cascade. However, the association between JAK1 activation and the prognostic value in NSCLC remains unclear. The present study initially investigated the association between expression of the activated form of JAK1 (p-JAK1) and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. A cohort of 142 resected primary NSCLC tissue samples, including 74 adenocarcinoma (ADCC) and 68 squamous cell carcinoma samples, were analyzed. p-JAK1 expression status was determined by immunohistochemistry. Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization was subsequently performed in 74 ADCC samples. The prognostic significance of p-JAK1 expression and EGFR gene amplification were evaluated with univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Compared with normal lung tissue, p-JAK1 expression level was significantly increased in NSCLC (P<0.001). Positive p-JAK1 expression indicated a poor prognosis, particularly for patients in early stages (stage I/II, including tumor size <3 cm, Lymph node invasion N0/1; all P<0.05). p-JAK1 expression was an independent predictor of a poor prognosis (P=0.022). The overall survival time for patients with positive p-JAK1 expression and EGFR-amplified tumors was significantly shortened compared with patients with tumors negative for one or both features (both features present vs. neither feature present, P<0.001). The results provided clinical evidence that the activation of JAK1 was an independent prognostic factor, particularly in early stage NSCLC. The combination of EGFR gene amplification and p-JAK1 expression may be a novel target for the selection of individual therapy strategies and predicting the effects of therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Huang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610093, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ni Liang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610093, P.R. China
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Chen H, Song Y, Yang S, Fu J, Feng X, Huang W. YAP mediates human decidualization of the uterine endometrial stromal cells. Placenta 2017; 53:30-35. [PMID: 28487017 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The decidualization of uterine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) is critical for the successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and involves extensive cell proliferation and differentiation. A newly established signaling pathway, the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway, plays a critical role in these proliferation processes. Our previous study demonstrated that YAP is expressed in human ESCs. However, its role in decidualization remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to explore the role of YAP in the decidualization of human ESCs. METHODS The expression of YAP was first investigated in the endometrium of non-pregnant women and in the decidua of pregnant women. The role of YAP was investigated by transfecting ESCs with mRNA silencing constructs and observing the negative effects of this action upon decidualization induced in vitro. RESULTS Our results revealed that the expression of YAP was higher in decidual cells from early pregnant decidua compared with ESCs from non-pregnant endometrium. The expression levels of YAP and TEA domain 1 (TEAD1) were both increased in ESCs during in vitro decidualization and the knockdown of YAP in ESCs caused negative effects upon decidualization in vitro. DISCUSSION Our study suggests that YAP is upregulated in human decidual cells compared with ESCs and influences the decidualization of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Krencz I, Sebestyén A, Fábián K, Márk Á, Moldvay J, Khoor A, Kopper L, Pápay J. Expression of mTORC1/2-related proteins in primary and brain metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2016; 62:66-73. [PMID: 28025080 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are common complications of adenocarcinomas (ADCs) of the lung and are associated with a poor prognosis. Although an increasing amount of data indicates that dysregulated activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) can influence the metastatic potential of various tumors, the role of mTOR complexes in the development of BMs from ADCs of the lung is largely unknown. To estimate mTOR activity, we studied the expression of mTOR-related proteins (mTORC1: p-mTOR, p-S6; mTORC2: p-mTOR, Rictor) in primary (n=67) and brain metastatic (n=67) lung ADCs, including 15 paired tissue samples, using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays. Correlation with clinicopathological parameters was also analyzed. Increased p-mTOR, p-S6, and Rictor expressions were observed in 34%, 33%, and 37% of primary ADCs and in 79%, 70%, and 66% of BMs, respectively. Expression of these markers was significantly higher in BMs as compared with primary carcinomas (P<.0001, P<.0001, P<.001). Rictor expression was significantly higher in primary ADCs of the paired cases with BMs as compared with primary ADCs without BMs (67% versus 28%; P<.01). No other statistically significant correlations were found between mTOR activity and clinicopathological parameters. The increased mTORC1/C2 activity in a subset of pulmonary ADCs and the higher incidence of increased mTORC1/C2 activity in BMs suggest that the immunohistochemistry panel for characterizing mTOR activity and its potential predictive and prognostic role warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Krencz
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Tumor Progression Research Group Joint Research Organization of Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Fábián
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Márk
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of TB and Pulmonology, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Khoor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - László Kopper
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Pápay
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
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Ye L, Lin ST, Mi YS, Liu Y, Ma Y, Sun HM, Peng ZH, Fan JW. Overexpression of LARP1 predicts poor prognosis of colorectal cancer and is expected to be a potential therapeutic target. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14585-14594. [PMID: 27614686 PMCID: PMC5126195 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the significance of La-related protein 1 (LARP1) in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were carried out to determine the mRNA and protein expression of LARP1 in CRC tumor tissues and paired adjacent normal mucosa. The expression of LARP1 was upregulated in CRC. Immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarray was performed. A positive correlation between LARP1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the area of proliferation was observed using the Spearman's correlation coefficient test (r = 0.332, P < 0.01). The elevated expression of LARP1 significantly correlated with T stage (P = 0.02), N stage (P = 0.006), M stage (P < 0.001), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P = 0.04), differentiation rank (P < 0.001), and PCNA level (P < 0.001). In addition, the inhibitory effect of LARP1 knockdown on CRC cell proliferation was demonstrated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and colony-forming cell (CFC) assays. Multivariate analysis showed that LARP1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS; hazard rate (HR) = 0.244; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.078-0.769; P = 0.016) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR = 0.281; 95 % CI, 0.086-0.917; P = 0.035) in CRC patients. LARP1 plays an important role in the proliferation of colorectal cancer and represents a new prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-tao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-shuai Mi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-min Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-hai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-wei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Qiu ZX, Sun RF, Mo XM, Li WM. The p70S6K Specific Inhibitor PF-4708671 Impedes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147185. [PMID: 26771549 PMCID: PMC4714881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a serine/threonine protein kinase, p70S6K plays an important role in tumor cells. Evidence has revealed overexpression of p70S6K and phosphorylated p70S6K (p-p70S6K) in various tumor tissues, with these proteins identified as independent prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we explored the role of the p70S6K specific inhibitor PF-4708671 in NSCLC. Methods Three NSCLC cell lines (A549, SK-MES-1, and NCI-H460) were treated with PF-4708671 at five different concentrations, including 0.1μM, 0.3μM, 1μM, 3μM and 10μM, and protein levels were determined by Western-blot. Then, PF-4708671’s effects were assessed both in vitro (cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and invasion) and in vivo. Results The expression levels of p-p70S6K and the downstream effector S6 were significantly reduced by PF-4708671. Diametrically opposite, the downstream protein levels of BAD, Caspase3 and ERK had increased after treatment with PF-4708671. In addition, PF-4708671 drastically inhibited cell proliferation and invasion ability in A549, SK-MES-1 and NCI-H460 cells in vitro, causing cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase. Limited effects of PF-4708671 were observed on apoptosis in the three NSCLC cell lines assessed. Importantly, PF-4708671 could inhibit tumorigenesis in nude mice in vivo. Conclusion These findings demonstrated that the p70S6K specific inhibitor PF-4708671 has inhibitory effects on NSCLC tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, P70S6K should be considered a new potential therapeutic target, and PF-470867 may be used as targeted drug for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong-Fei Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xian-Ming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- * E-mail:
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Mura M, Hopkins TG, Michael T, Abd-Latip N, Weir J, Aboagye E, Mauri F, Jameson C, Sturge J, Gabra H, Bushell M, Willis AE, Curry E, Blagden SP. LARP1 post-transcriptionally regulates mTOR and contributes to cancer progression. Oncogene 2015; 34:5025-36. [PMID: 25531318 PMCID: PMC4430325 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to and post-transcriptionally regulate the stability of mRNAs. La-related protein 1 (LARP1) is a conserved RBP that interacts with poly-A-binding protein and is known to regulate 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP) mRNA translation. Here, we show that LARP1 is complexed to 3000 mRNAs enriched for cancer pathways. A prominent member of the LARP1 interactome is mTOR whose mRNA transcript is stabilized by LARP1. At a functional level, we show that LARP1 promotes cell migration, invasion, anchorage-independent growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we show that LARP1 expression is elevated in epithelial cancers such as cervical and non-small cell lung cancers, where its expression correlates with disease progression and adverse prognosis, respectively. We therefore conclude that, through the post-transcriptional regulation of genes such as mTOR within cancer pathways, LARP1 contributes to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mura
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - T G Hopkins
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - T Michael
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - N Abd-Latip
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - J Weir
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Aboagye
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - F Mauri
- Department of Histopathology, Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - C Jameson
- Department of Histopathology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Sturge
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- School of Biological, Biomedical & Environmental Sciences, The Allam Building, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - H Gabra
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - M Bushell
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - E Curry
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - S P Blagden
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
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Li L, Zhang L, Liu D, Cheng Y, Jing YT, Yu H, Zhou P, Song J, Li WM. Overexpression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 induces the alteration of immune status in H1299 lung cancer cells. Thorac Cancer 2015; 6:427-32. [PMID: 26273397 PMCID: PMC4511320 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) is an important factor regulating protein translation. It also impacts proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and the cell cycle of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 4E-BP1 and human immune status, recognizing immunomodulatory molecules involved in the overexpression of 4E-BP1. METHODS A lentivirus expression system was used to overexpress 4E-BP1 in the H1299 cell line. Western blot was performed to investigate the expression level of 4E-BP1 and P-4E-BP1, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify gene expression of immunomodulatory molecules. RESULTS The expression level of 4E-BP1 increased significantly after lentivirus infection (P < 0.05). Overexpression of 4E-BP1 upregulated the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.05), IL-5 (P < 0.001), IL-23 (P < 0.001), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (P < 0.001), Eota-3 (P < 0.05), and MCP-4 (P < 0.05). Most of the increases were observed at the seventh day. The variation trend of IL-10, cell division cycle protein 2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and phosphatase and tensin homolog was not clear. CONCLUSION Overexpression of 4E-BP1 altered immune status by upregulating the expression of a series of immunomodulatory molecules, indicating that 4E-BP1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Lab of Pathology, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - He Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, China
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Li L, Liu D, Qiu ZX, Zhao S, Zhang L, Li WM. The prognostic role of mTOR and p-mTOR for survival in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116771. [PMID: 25680114 PMCID: PMC4332670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the association between mTOR/p-mTOR expression and NSCLC patients' prognosis remains controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis of existing studies evaluating the prognostic role of mTOR/p-mTOR expression for NSCLC was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systemically literature search was performed via Pubmed, Embase, Medline as well as CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). Studies were included that reported the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI for the association between mTOR/p-mTOR expression and NSCLC patients' survival. Random-effects model was used to pool HRs. RESULTS Ten eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis, with 4 about m-TOR and 7 about p-mTOR. For mTOR, the pooled HR of overall survival (OS) was 1.00 (95%CI 0.5 to 1.99) by univariate analysis and 1.22 (95%CI 0.53 to 2.82) by multivariate analysis. For p-mTOR, the pooled HR was 1.39 (95%CI 0.97 to 1.98) by univariate analysis and 1.42 (95%CI 0.56 to 3.60) by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The results indicated that no statistically significant association was found between mTOR/p-mTOR expression and NSCLC patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Lab of Pathology, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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PKD1 is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and mediates the feedback inhibition of mTORC1-S6K1 axis in response to phorbol ester. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 60:34-42. [PMID: 25578563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is increasingly implicated in multiple biological and molecular events that regulate the proliferation or invasiveness in several cancers. However, little is known about the expression and functions of PKD1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, 34 pairs of human NSCLC and matched normal bronchiolar epitheliums were enrolled and evaluated for PKD1 expression by quantitative real-time PCR. We showed that PKD1 was downregulated in 26 of 34 cancer tissues in comparison with matched normal epitheliums. Moreover, patients with venous invasion or lymph node metastasis showed significant lower expression of PKD1. Exposure of NSCLC A549 and H520 cells to the PKD family inhibitor kb NB 142-70(Kb), at concentrations that inhibited PKD1 activation, strikingly potentiated S6K1 phosphorylation at Thr(389) and S6 phosphorylation at Ser(235/236) in response to phorbol ester (PMA). Knockdown of PKD1 with siRNAs strikingly enhanced S6K1 phosphorylation whereas constitutively active PKD1 resulted in the S6K1 activity inhibition. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitors LY294002, BKM120 and MEK inhibitors U0126, PD0325901 blocked the enhanced S6K1 activity induced by Kb. Collectively, our results identify decreased expression of the PKD1 as a marker for NSCLC and the loss of PKD1 expression increases the malignant potential of NSCLC cells. This may be due to the function of PKD1 as a negative regulator of mTORC1-S6K1. Our results suggest that re-expression or activation of PKD1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Yasugi M, Takigawa N, Ochi N, Ohashi K, Harada D, Ninomiya T, Murakami T, Honda Y, Ichihara E, Tanimoto M, Kiura K. Everolimus prolonged survival in transgenic mice with EGFR-driven lung tumors. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:201-9. [PMID: 24768699 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Everolimus is an orally administered mTOR inhibitor. The effect, and mechanism of action, of everolimus on lung cancers with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation remain unclear. Four gefitinib-sensitive and -resistant cell lines were used in the present work. Growth inhibition was determined using the MTT assay. Transgenic mice carrying the EGFR L858R mutation were treated with everolimus (10 mg/kg/day), or vehicle alone, from 5 to 20 weeks of age, and were then sacrificed. To evaluate the efficacy of everolimus in prolonging survival, everolimus (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered from 5 weeks of age. The four cell lines were similarly sensitive to everolimus. Expression of phosphorylated (p) mTOR and pS6 were suppressed upon treatment with everolimus in vitro, whereas the pAKT level increased. The numbers of lung tumors with a long axis exceeding 1mm in the everolimus-treated and control groups were 1.9 ± 0.9 and 9.4 ± 3.2 (t-test, p<0.001), respectively. pS6 was suppressed during eve r olimus treatment. Although apoptosis and autophagy were not induced in everolimus-treated EGFR transgenic mice, angiogenesis was suppressed. The median survival time in the everolimus-treated group (58.0 weeks) was significantly longer than that in the control group (31.2 weeks) (logrank test, p<0.001). These findings suggest that everolimus had an indirect effect on tumor formation by inhibiting angiogenesis and might be effective to treat lung tumors induced by an activating EGFR gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yasugi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nagio Takigawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 700-8505, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Ochi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Kadoaki Ohashi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daijiro Harada
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Ninomiya
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshi Murakami
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Honda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eiki Ichihara
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mitsune Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama, University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Zeng J, Liu D, Qiu Z, Huang Y, Chen B, Wang L, Xu H, Huang N, Liu L, Li W. GSK3β overexpression indicates poor prognosis and its inhibition reduces cell proliferation and survival of non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91231. [PMID: 24618715 PMCID: PMC3949982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is centrally involved in diverse cellular processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the influence of GSK3β expression on the prognosis of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the effects of GSK3β inhibition in NSCLC cell lines. METHODS Immunohistochemical and western blot assays were used to evaluate the GSK3β expression level in human NSCLC tissues. Lentiviral RNA interference was performed to inhibit the expression of GSK3β in the A549, H292, H1299 and SK-MES-1 cell lines. Cell survival, apoptosis and motility were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The levels of GSK3β were greater in NSCLC tissues (n = 211) than in control tissues (n = 194) (P<0.001). The 5-year follow-up analysis showed that positive GSK3β expression was indicative of poor prognosis (P = 0.006). Furthermore, knockdown of GSK3β in NSCLC cell lines suppressed cell proliferation, arrested tumor cells in G0/G1 phase, induced apoptosis and reduced cell motility. A xenograft model showed that the deregulation of GSK3β attenuated tumorigenesis, as confirmed by reduced cell proliferation based on Ki-67 and significantly increased apoptotic cell death. The inhibition of GSK3β had inconsistent effects on the expression of β-catenin, depending on the cell type examined. CONCLUSION Aberrant expression of GSK3β serves as an independent marker of poor prognosis for NSCLC. The inhibition of GSK3β suppressed tumorigenesis by attenuating cell proliferation, increasing apoptosis and restraining cell motility. These results identify GSK3β as a tumor promoter and a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bojiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Yang Y, Luo J, Zhai X, Fu Z, Tang Z, Liu L, Chen M, Zhu Y. Prognostic value of phospho-Akt in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1417-24. [PMID: 24523200 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have been inconsistent with respect to the reported associations between phospho-Akt (p-Akt) overexpression and lung cancer prognosis. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of p-Akt in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Relevant articles were identified by searching MEDLINE. Hazard risks (HRs) from individual studies were calculated and pooled by using a random-effect model, and heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were also performed. Finally, 18 studies comprising 2,353 patients were included in the meta-analysis. p-Akt overexpression was associated with worse survival in NSCLC patients, and the pooled HRs for all the studies was 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.70; p<0.01). After subgroup analysis, the association was strengthened in the surgery treatment group, with an HR of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.19-1.75; p<0.01), while in the tyrosine kinase inhibitors treatment group, the statistical significance disappeared (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.70-2.14; p=0.48). The HR in cases of early stage disease (I-III) was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.08-1.69; p=0.04); however, in cases of late stage disease (III-IV), the association became non-significant (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.64-2.33; p=0.54). Our results suggest that there was a significantly inverse association between p-Akt overexpression and the prognosis of NSCLC patients, and that this association appeared to be limited in early-stage patients who underwent surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, China
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Ye XW, Yu H, Jin YK, Jing XT, Xu M, Wan ZF, Zhang XY. miR-138 inhibits proliferation by targeting 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 9:27-33. [PMID: 24405893 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underlying mechanisms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development remain poorly understood. miR-138 and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) have been reported to be involved in the genesis of NSCLC. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanisms of miR-138 and PDK1 in human NSCLC cells. METHODS The effect of miR-138 on proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells was first examined using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The expression of PDK1 in A549 lung cancer cells was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction further. A luciferase reporter activity assay was conducted to confirm target association between miR-138 and 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PDK1. Finally, the role of PDK1 on proliferation of A549 cells was evaluated by transefection of PDK1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS Proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells was suppressed by miR-138 in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, miR-138 can bind to the 3'-UTR of PDK1 and downregulate expression of PDK1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of PDK1 by siRNA significantly inhibits the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that miR-138 as a potential tumor suppressor could inhibit cell proliferation by targeting PDK1 in NSCLC cells, which could be employed as a potential therapeutic target for miRNA-based NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-wei Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China; Academic Department, Guizhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guiyang, China
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Qiu ZX, Zhang K, Qiu XS, Zhou M, Li WM. The prognostic value of phosphorylated AKT expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81451. [PMID: 24349071 PMCID: PMC3857807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), constitutive activation of AKT, is a potentially interesting prognostic marker and therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the available results of p-AKT expression in NSCLC are heterogeneous. Therefore, a meta-analysis of published researches investigating the prognostic relevance of p-AKT expression in patients with NSCLC was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search via PubMed, EMBASE and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases was conducted. Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into meta-analysis using a random effects model. RESULTS A total of 1049 patients from nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Nine studies investigated the relationship between p-AKT expression and overall survival using univariate analysis, and five of these undertook multivariate analysis. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival was 1.49 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.20) by univariate analysis and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.54-1.95) by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Our study shows that positive expression of p-AKT is associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. However, adequately designed prospective studies need to perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kui Zhang
- West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xue-Song Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Yubei District People's Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Changshou, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Neri LM, Cani A, Martelli AM, Simioni C, Junghanss C, Tabellini G, Ricci F, Tazzari PL, Pagliaro P, McCubrey JA, Capitani S. Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its therapeutic potential. Leukemia 2013; 28:739-48. [PMID: 23892718 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-pre ALL) is a malignant disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of B-cell progenitors. The prognosis of B-pre ALL has improved in pediatric patients, but the outcome is much less successful in adults. Constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) network is a feature of B-pre ALL, where it strongly influences cell growth and survival. RAD001, a selective mTORC1 inhibitor, has been shown to be cytotoxic against many types of cancer including hematological malignancies. To investigate whether mTORC1 could represent a target in the therapy of B-pre ALL, we treated cell lines and adult patient primary cells with RAD001. We documented that RAD001 decreased cell viability, induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and caused apoptosis in B-pre ALL cell lines. Autophagy was also induced, which was important for the RAD001 cytotoxic effect, as downregulation of Beclin-1 reduced drug cytotoxicity. RAD001 strongly synergized with the novel allosteric Akt inhibitor MK-2206 in both cell lines and patient samples. Similar results were obtained with the combination CCI-779 plus GSK 690693. These findings point out that mTORC1 inhibitors, either as a single agent or in combination with Akt inhibitors, could represent a potential therapeutic innovative strategy in B-pre ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Cani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A M Martelli
- 1] Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy [2] Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Simioni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Junghanss
- University of Rostock, Division of Medicine, Department of Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Medicine, Rostock, Germany
| | - G Tabellini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - F Ricci
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - P L Tazzari
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Pagliaro
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - J A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - S Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Jiang L, Luo M, Liu D, Chen B, Zhang W, Mai L, Zeng J, Huang N, Huang Y, Mo X, Li W. BAD overexpression inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis via mitochondrial-dependent pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:53. [PMID: 23725574 PMCID: PMC3674892 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein BAD initiated apoptosis in human cells and has been identified as a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we aimed to explore the functions of BAD in NSCLC. Methods Overexpression of BAD was performed by transfecting different NSCLC cell lines with wild-type BAD. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and invasion were characterized in vitro. Tumorigenicity was analyzed in vivo. Western blot was performed to determine the effects of BAD overexpression on the Bcl-2 family proteins and apoptosis-related proteins. Results Overexpression of BAD significantly inhibited cell proliferation in H1299, H292, and SPC-A1 but not in SK-MES-1 and H460 cell lines in vitro. BAD overexpression also reduced the tumorigenicity of H1299/SPC-A1 cell in vivo. However, no appreciable effects on cell cycle distribution and invasion were observed in all these cell lines. BAD overexpression also induced apoptosis in all cell types, in which process expression of mitochondrial cytochrom c (cyto-c) and caspase 3 were increased, whereas Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 8 expressions did not changed. These findings indicated that a mitochondrial pathway, in which process cyto-c was released from mitochondrial to activate caspase 3, was involved in BAD overexpression-mediated apoptosis. Conclusions Our data suggested that increased expression of BAD enhance apoptosis and has negative influence on cell proliferation and tumor growth in NSCLC. Bad is a new potential target for tumor interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, P.R China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R China
| | - Bojiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R China
| | - Lin Mai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610072, P.R China
| | - Yi Huang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, P.R China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R China
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TRIGKA ELENIANDRIANA, LEVIDOU GEORGIA, SAETTA ANGELICAA, CHATZIANDREOU ILENIA, TOMOS PERIKLIS, THALASSINOS NIKOLAOS, ANASTASIOU NIKOLAOS, SPARTALIS ELEFTHERIOS, KAVANTZAS NIKOLAOS, PATSOURIS EFSTRATIOS, KORKOLOPOULOU PENELOPE. A detailed immunohistochemical analysis of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in lung cancer: Correlation with PIK3CA, AKT1, K-RAS or PTEN mutational status and clinicopathological features. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:623-36. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Monteiro LS, Delgado ML, Ricardo S, Garcez F, Amaral BD, Warnakulasuriya S, Lopes C. Phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin is associated with an adverse outcome in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:638-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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SASAKI HIDEFUMI, SHITARA MASAYUKI, YOKOTA KEISUKE, HIKOSAKA YU, MORIYAMA SATORU, YANO MOTOKI, FUJII YOSHITAKA. RagD gene expression and NRF2 mutations in lung squamous cell carcinomas. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:1167-1170. [PMID: 23226795 PMCID: PMC3506764 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RagD is a member of the small G protein family, which encodes a recently discovered activator of the mTOR pathway. In vitro, RagD plays an important role in the proliferation of NRF2 gene (NFE2L2) mutated cancer cells. We hypothesized that tumor RagD expression may be correlated with the mutation status of NRF2 in lung cancers. RagD mRNA levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 90 surgically-treated lung squamous cell cancer cases, including 14 NRF2 mutation cases, and normalized by β-actin mRNA levels. Mean RagD/β-actin mRNA levels of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients did not differ with age (≤65 vs. >65), Brinkman index (<400 vs. ≥400) or gender. RagD/β-actin mRNA levels were significantly higher in stage III samples (3.204±3.623) compared to stage I samples (1.357±1.560) (P= 0.0039). In addition, higher RagD/β-actin mRNA levels were identified in NRF2 mutant samples (3.107±3.633) compared to wild-type samples (1.774±2.301) (P=0.074). These results suggest that RagD induction by NRF2 activation plays a role in the proliferation of lung squamous cell cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- HIDEFUMI SASAKI
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601,
Japan
| | - MASAYUKI SHITARA
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601,
Japan
| | - KEISUKE YOKOTA
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601,
Japan
| | - YU HIKOSAKA
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601,
Japan
| | - SATORU MORIYAMA
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601,
Japan
| | - MOTOKI YANO
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601,
Japan
| | - YOSHITAKA FUJII
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601,
Japan
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Kim SH, Chau GC, Jang YH, Lee SI, Pyo S, Um SH. Clinicopathologic significance and function of mammalian target of rapamycin activation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:226-36. [PMID: 22944293 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has emerged as a key regulator of cell metabolism, growth, and proliferation. Despite the increasing significance of mTOR signaling in cancer cell cycle and proliferation, the clinical significance of activated mTOR in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its role in esophageal cancer cell proliferation and invasion remain unclear. Here, we show that both high levels of phosphorylated-mTOR and an increased ratio of phosphorylated-mTOR/mTOR (ratio ≥0.2) were significantly associated with shortened disease-specific survival in 165 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in univariate analysis (P = .047 for phosphorylated-mTOR, P = .021 for phosphorylated-mTOR/mTOR); phosphorylated-mTOR and phosphorylated-mTOR/mTOR remained independent prognostic factors after adjusting for age, TNM stage, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.67, P = .025 for phosphorylated-mTOR; hazard ratio, 1.95, P = .006 for phosphorylated-mTOR/mTOR). Moreover, down-regulation of mTOR or mTOR complex components led to attenuation of proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines through suppression of cyclin D1 expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that phosphorylated-mTOR and the ratio of phosphorylated-mTOR/mTOR are closely linked to tumor progression and represent independent prognostic factors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
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Bliesath J, Huser N, Omori M, Bunag D, Proffitt C, Streiner N, Ho C, Siddiqui-Jain A, O'Brien SE, Lim JKC, Ryckman DM, Anderes K, Rice WG, Drygin D. Combined inhibition of EGFR and CK2 augments the attenuation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and the killing of cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 322:113-8. [PMID: 22387988 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ser/Thr protein kinase CK2 regulates multiple processes that play important roles in the sensitivity of cancer to epidermal growth factor receptor targeting therapeutics, including PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, Hsp90 activity, and inhibition of apoptosis. We hypothesized that top-down inhibition of EGFR, combined with lateral suppression of multiple oncogenic pathways by targeting CK2, would create a pharmacologic synthetic lethal event and result in an improved cancer therapy compared to EGFR inhibition alone. This hypothesis was tested by combining CX-4945, a first-in-class clinical stage inhibitor of CK2, with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib, in vitro and in vivo in models of non-small cell lung carcinoma, NCI-H2170, and squamous cell carcinoma, A431. Our results demonstrate that combination of CX-4945 with erlotinib results in enhanced attenuation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. We also observed an increase in apoptosis, synergistic killing of cancer cells in vitro, as well as improved antitumor efficacy in vivo. Taken together, these data position CK2 as a valid pharmacologic target for drug combinations and support further evaluation of CX-4945 in combination with EGFR targeting agents.
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Huang Y, Liu D, Chen B, Zeng J, Wang L, Zhang S, Mo X, Li W. Loss of Bad expression confers poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1648-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wu WKK, Coffelt SB, Cho CH, Wang XJ, Lee CW, Chan FKL, Yu J, Sung JJY. The autophagic paradox in cancer therapy. Oncogene 2011; 31:939-53. [PMID: 21765470 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, hallmarked by the formation of double-membrane bound organelles known as autophagosomes, is a lysosome-dependent pathway for protein degradation. The role of autophagy in carcinogenesis is context dependent. As a tumor-suppressing mechanism in early-stage carcinogenesis, autophagy inhibits inflammation and promotes genomic stability. Moreover, disruption of autophagy-related genes accelerates tumorigenesis in animals. However, autophagy may also act as a pro-survival mechanism to protect cancer cells from various forms of cellular stress. In cancer therapy, adaptive autophagy in cancer cells sustains tumor growth and survival in face of the toxicity of cancer therapy. To this end, inhibition of autophagy may sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Nevertheless, in certain circumstances, autophagy mediates the therapeutic effects of some anticancer agents. Data from recent studies are beginning to unveil the apparently paradoxical nature of autophagy as a cell-fate decision machinery. Taken together, modulation of autophagy is a novel approach for enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer therapy, but its Janus-faced nature may complicate the clinical development of autophagy modulators as anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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