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Schote AB, A. L. Sayk C, Pabst K, Meier JK, Frings C, Meyer J. Sex, ADHD symptoms, and CHRNA5
genotype influence reaction time but not response inhibition. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:215-224. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Schote
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics; Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier; Trier Germany
| | - Clara A. L. Sayk
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics; Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier; Trier Germany
| | - Kathrin Pabst
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics; Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier; Trier Germany
| | - Jacqueline K. Meier
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics; Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier; Trier Germany
| | - Christian Frings
- Department of Cognitive Psychology; University of Trier; Trier Germany
| | - Jobst Meyer
- Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics; Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier; Trier Germany
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Chianello Nicolau M, Pinto LFR, Nicolau-Neto P, de Pinho PRA, Rossini A, de Almeida Simão T, Soares Lima SC. Nicotinic cholinergic receptors in esophagus: Early alteration during carcinogenesis and prognostic value. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7146-7156. [PMID: 27610024 PMCID: PMC4988301 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.7146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare expression of nicotinic cholinergic receptors (CHRNs) in healthy and squamous cell carcinoma-affected esophagus and determine the prognostic value.
METHODS: We performed RT-qPCR to measure the expression of CHRNs in 44 esophageal samples from healthy individuals and in matched normal surrounding mucosa, and in tumors from 28 patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Next, we performed correlation analysis for the detected expression of these receptors with the habits and clinico-pathological characteristics of all study participants. In order to investigate the possible correlations between the expression of the different CHRN subunits in both healthy esophagus and tissues from ESCC patients, correlation matrices were generated. Subsequently, we evaluated whether the detected alterations in expression of the various CHRNs could precede histopathological modifications during the esophageal carcinogenic processes by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Finally, we evaluated the impact of CHRNA5 and CHRNA7 expression on overall survival by using multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: CHRNA3, CHRNA5, CHRNA7 and CHRNB4, but not CHRNA1, CHRNA4, CHRNA9 or CHRNA10, were found to be expressed in normal (healthy) esophageal mucosa. In ESCC, CHRNA5 and CHRNA7 were overexpressed as compared with patient-matched surrounding non-tumor mucosa (ESCC-adjacent mucosa; P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0091, respectively). Positive correlations were observed between CHRNA3 and CHRNB4 expression in all samples analyzed. Additionally, CHRNB4 was found to be differentially expressed in the healthy esophagus and the normal-appearing ESCC-adjacent mucosa, allowing for distinguishment between these tissues with a sensitivity of 75.86% and a specificity of 78.95% (P = 0.0002). Finally, CHRNA5 expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor in ESCC; patients with high CHRNA5 expression showed an increased overall survival, in comparison with those with low expression. The corresponding age- and tumor stage-adjusted hazard ratio was 0.2684 (95%CI: 0.075-0.97, P = 0.0448).
CONCLUSION: Expression of CHRNs is homogeneous along healthy esophagus and deregulated in ESCC, suggesting a pathogenic role for these receptors in ESCC development and progression.
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Ji X, Zhang W, Gui J, Fan X, Zhang W, Li Y, An G, Zhu D, Hu Q. Role of a genetic variant on the 15q25.1 lung cancer susceptibility locus in smoking-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109036. [PMID: 25329654 PMCID: PMC4203692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 15q25.1 lung cancer susceptibility locus, containing CHRNA5, could modify lung cancer susceptibility and multiple smoking related phenotypes. However, no studies have investigated the association between CHRNA5 rs3841324, which has been proven to have the highest association with CHRNA5 mRNA expression, and the risk of other smoking-associated cancers, except lung cancer. In the current study we examined the association between rs3841324 and susceptibility to smoking-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods In this case-control study we genotyped the CHRNA5 rs3841324 polymorphism with 400 NPC cases and 491 healthy controls who were Han Chinese and frequency-matched by age (±5 years), gender, and alcohol consumption. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results We found that individuals with CHRNA5 rs3841324 combined variant genotypes (ins/del+del/del) had a >1.5-fold elevated risk for NPC than those with the ins/ins genotype (adjusted OR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16–2.00), especially among ever smokers (adjusted OR = 2.07; 95% CI, 1.23–3.48). The combined variant genotypes acted jointly with cigarette smoking to contribute to a 4.35-fold increased NPC risk (adjusted OR = 4.35; 95% CI, 2.57–7.38). There was a dose-response relationship between deletion alleles and NPC susceptibility (trend test, P = 0.011). Conclusions Our results suggest that genetic variants on the 15q25.1 lung cancer susceptibility locus may influence susceptibility to NPC, particularly for smoking-associated NPC. Such work may be helpful to facilitate an understanding of the etiology of smoking-associated cancers and improve prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Xia Fan
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Yafang Li
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of America
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
This Opinion article discusses emerging evidence of direct contributions of nicotine to cancer onset and growth. The list of cancers reportedly connected to nicotine is expanding and presently includes small-cell and non-small-cell lung carcinomas, as well as head and neck, gastric, pancreatic, gallbladder, liver, colon, breast, cervical, urinary bladder and kidney cancers. The mutagenic and tumour-promoting activities of nicotine may result from its ability to damage the genome, disrupt cellular metabolic processes, and facilitate growth and spreading of transformed cells. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are activated by nicotine, can activate several signalling pathways that can have tumorigenic effects, and these receptors might be able to be targeted for cancer therapy or prevention. There is also growing evidence that the unique genetic makeup of an individual, such as polymorphisms in genes encoding nAChR subunits, might influence the susceptibility of that individual to the pathobiological effects of nicotine. The emerging knowledge about the carcinogenic mechanisms of nicotine action should be considered during the evaluation of regulations on nicotine product manufacturing, distribution and marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Grando
- Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, and Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92782, USA
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CA9 and CHRNB1 were correlated with perineural invasion in Taiwanese colorectal cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bgm.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Macqueen DA, Heckman BW, Blank MD, Janse Van Rensburg K, Park JY, Drobes DJ, Evans DE. Variation in the α 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene predicts cigarette smoking intensity as a function of nicotine content. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2013; 14:70-6. [PMID: 23358500 PMCID: PMC3778124 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene, rs16969968, has been repeatedly associated with both smoking and respiratory health phenotypes. However, there remains considerable debate as to whether associations with lung cancer are mediated through effects on smoking behavior. Preclinical studies suggest that α5 receptor subunit expression and function may play a direct role in nicotine titration during self-administration. The present study investigated the association of CHRNA5 polymorphisms and smoking topography in 66 smokers asked to smoke 4 nicotine containing (nicotine yield = .60 mg) and 4 placebo (nicotine yield < .05 mg) cigarettes, during separate experimental sessions. Genotype at rs16969968 predicted nicotine titration, with homozygotes for the major allele (G:G) displaying significantly reduced puff volume in response to nicotine, while minor allele carriers (A:G or AA) produced equivalent puff volumes for placebo and nicotine cigarettes. The present results suggest that puff volume may be a more powerful objective phenotype of smoking behavior than self-reported cigarettes per day and nicotine dependence. Further, these results suggest that the association between rs16969968 and lung cancer may be mediated by the quantity of smoke inhaled.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Macqueen
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - B W Heckman
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M D Blank
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - K Janse Van Rensburg
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - J Y Park
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D J Drobes
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D E Evans
- University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Tekpli X, Landvik NE, Skaug V, Gulsvik A, Haugen A, Zienolddiny S. Functional effect of polymorphisms in 15q25 locus on CHRNA5 mRNA, bulky DNA adducts andTP53mutations. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1811-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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King DP, Paciga S, Pickering E, Benowitz NL, Bierut LJ, Conti DV, Kaprio J, Lerman C, Park PW. Smoking cessation pharmacogenetics: analysis of varenicline and bupropion in placebo-controlled clinical trials. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:641-50. [PMID: 22048466 PMCID: PMC3260990 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite effective therapies for smoking cessation, most smokers find quitting difficult and most successful quitters relapse. Considerable evidence supports a genetic risk for nicotine dependence; however, less is known about the pharmacogenetics of smoking cessation. In the first pharmacogenetic investigation of the efficacy of varenicline and bupropion, we examined whether genes important in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of these drugs and nicotine predict medication efficacy and adverse events. Subjects participated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled smoking cessation clinical trials, comparing varenicline, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist, with bupropion, a norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor, and placebo. Primary analysis included 1175 smokers of European ancestry, and 785 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 24 genes, representing 254 linkage disequilibrium (LD) bins (genes included nAChR subunits, additional varenicline-specific genes, and genes involved in nicotine or bupropion metabolism). For varenicline, continuous abstinence (weeks 9-12) was associated with multiple nAChR subunit genes (including CHRNB2, CHRNA5, and CHRNA4) (OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.23-2.52) (p<0.005); for bupropion, abstinence was associated with CYP2B6 (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.27-2.50) (p<0.001). Incidence of nausea was associated with several nAChR subunit genes (OR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.36-0.70) (p<0.0001) and time to relapse after quitting was associated with HTR3B (HR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.45-2.68) (p<0.0001). These data provide evidence for multiple genetic loci contributing to smoking cessation and therapeutic response. Different loci are associated with varenicline vs bupropion response, suggesting that additional research may identify clinically useful markers to guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P King
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Wei C, Han Y, Spitz MR, Wu X, Chancoco H, Akiva P, Rechavi G, Brand H, Wun I, Frazier ML, Amos CI. A case-control study of a sex-specific association between a 15q25 variant and lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:2603-9. [PMID: 22028403 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants located at 15q25, including those in the cholinergic receptor nicotinic cluster (CHRNA5) have been implicated in both lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence in recent genome-wide association studies. Among these variants, a 22-bp insertion/deletion, rs3841324 showed the strongest association with CHRNA5 mRNA expression levels. However the influence of rs3841324 on lung cancer risk has not been studied in depth. METHODS We have, therefore, evaluated the association of rs3841324 genotypes with lung cancer risk in a case-control study of 624 Caucasian subjects with lung cancer and 766 age- and sex-matched cancer-free Caucasian controls. We also evaluated the joint effects of rs3841324 with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs16969968 and rs8034191 in the 15q25 region that have been consistently implicated in lung cancer risk. RESULTS We found that the homozygous genotype with both short alleles (SS) of rs3841324 was associated with a decreased lung cancer risk in female ever smokers relative to the homozygous wild-type (LL) and heterozygous (LS) genotypes combined in a recessive model [OR(adjusted) = 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.89, P = 0.0168]. There was no evidence for a sex difference in the association between this variant and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). Diplotype analysis of rs3841324 with either rs16969968 or rs8034191 showed that these polymorphisms influenced the lung cancer risk independently. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPACT This study has shown a sex difference in the association between the 15q25 variant rs3841324 and lung cancers. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjuan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
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