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Valenti GE, Roveri A, Venerando R, Menichini P, Monti P, Tasso B, Traverso N, Domenicotti C, Marengo B. PTC596-Induced BMI-1 Inhibition Fights Neuroblastoma Multidrug Resistance by Inducing Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 38275623 PMCID: PMC10812464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a paediatric cancer with noteworthy heterogeneity ranging from spontaneous regression to high-risk forms that are characterised by cancer relapse and the acquisition of drug resistance. The most-used anticancer drugs exert their cytotoxic effect by inducing oxidative stress, and long-term therapy has been demonstrated to cause chemoresistance by enhancing the antioxidant response of NB cells. Taking advantage of an in vitro model of multidrug-resistant (MDR) NB cells, characterised by high levels of glutathione (GSH), the overexpression of the oncoprotein BMI-1, and the presence of a mutant P53 protein, we investigated a new potential strategy to fight chemoresistance. Our results show that PTC596, an inhibitor of BMI-1, exerted a high cytotoxic effect on MDR NB cells, while PRIMA-1MET, a compound able to reactivate mutant P53, had no effect on the viability of MDR cells. Furthermore, both PTC596 and PRIMA-1MET markedly reduced the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins and limited the clonogenic potential and the cancer stemness of MDR cells. Of particular interest is the observation that PTC596, alone or in combination with PRIMA-1MET and etoposide, significantly reduced GSH levels, increased peroxide production, stimulated lipid peroxidation, and induced ferroptosis. Therefore, these findings suggest that PTC596, by inhibiting BMI-1 and triggering ferroptosis, could be a promising approach to fight chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Elda Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (N.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (R.V.)
| | - Rina Venerando
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (A.R.); (R.V.)
| | - Paola Menichini
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Monti
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Nicola Traverso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (N.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (N.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.E.V.); (N.T.); (B.M.)
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Chaudhury S, Panda S, Mohanty N, Panda S, Mohapatra D, Nagaraja R, Sahoo A, Gopinath D, Lewkowicz N, Lapinska B. Can Immunoexpression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers Prognosticate Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082753. [PMID: 37109090 PMCID: PMC10144949 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the association of the immunoexpression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers with clinicopathological and survival outcomes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis [PROSPERO (CRD42021226791)] included observational studies that compared the association of clinicopathological and survival outcomes with CSC immunoexpression in TSCC patients. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as outcome measures. Six studies identified the association with three surface markers (c-MET, STAT3, CD44) and four transcription markers (NANOG, OCT4, BMI, SOX2). The odds of early-stage presentation were 41% (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.83) and 75% (OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.14-0.45) lower in CSC and SOX2 immuno-positive cases than immuno-negative cases, respectively. The odds of well-differentiated tumors in transcription marker immuno-positive cases were 45% lower compared to immuno-negative cases (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.96). The odds of positive lymph nodes were 2.01 times higher in CSC immuno-positive cases compared to immuno-negative cases (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.11-3.65). Mortality in immuno-positive cases was 121% higher than that in immuno-negative cases (HR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.16-4.21). Advanced tumor staging and grading, lymph node metastasis, and mortality were significantly associated with positive immunoexpression of CSC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantanee Chaudhury
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Swagatika Panda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Neeta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Saurav Panda
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Diksha Mohapatra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Ravishankar Nagaraja
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Alkananda Sahoo
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Basic Medical and Dental Sciences Department, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Natalia Lewkowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Blatt S, Kämmerer PW, Krüger M, Surabattula R, Thiem DGE, Dillon ST, Al-Nawas B, Libermann TA, Schuppan D. High-Multiplex Aptamer-Based Serum Proteomics to Identify Candidate Serum Biomarkers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072071. [PMID: 37046731 PMCID: PMC10093013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved serological biomarkers are needed for the early detection, risk stratification and treatment surveillance of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We performed an exploratory study using advanced, highly specific, DNA-aptamer-based serum proteomics (SOMAscan, 1305-plex) to identify distinct proteomic changes in patients with OSCC pre- vs. post-resection and compared to healthy controls. A total of 63 significantly differentially expressed serum proteins (each p < 0.05) were found that could discriminate between OSCC and healthy controls with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, 121 proteins were detected that were significantly altered between pre- and post-resection sera, and 12 OSCC-associated proteins reversed to levels equivalent to healthy controls after resection. Of these, 6 were increased and 6 were decreased relative to healthy controls, highlighting the potential relevance of these proteins as OSCC tumor markers. Pathway analyses revealed potential pathophysiological mechanisms associated with OSCC. Hence, quantitative proteome analysis using SOMAscan technology is promising and may aid in the development of defined serum marker assays to predict tumor occurrence, progression and recurrence in OSCC, and to guide personalized therapies.
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Xu J, Li L, Shi P, Cui H, Yang L. The Crucial Roles of Bmi-1 in Cancer: Implications in Pathogenesis, Metastasis, Drug Resistance, and Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158231. [PMID: 35897796 PMCID: PMC9367737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration region 1 (Bmi-1, also known as RNF51 or PCGF4) is one of the important members of the PcG gene family, and is involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence, and maintaining the self-renewal of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have emphasized the role of Bmi-1 in the occurrence and development of tumors. In fact, Bmi-1 has multiple functions in cancer biology and is closely related to many classical molecules, including Akt, c-MYC, Pten, etc. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of Bmi-1 in multiple pathways, and the interaction of Bmi-1 with noncoding RNAs. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes of Bmi-1 in cancer, and explore the clinical relevance of Bmi-1 in cancer biomarkers and prognosis, as well as its implications for chemoresistance and radioresistance. In conclusion, we summarize the role of Bmi-1 in tumor progression, reveal the pathophysiological process and molecular mechanism of Bmi-1 in tumors, and provide useful information for tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (L.Y.)
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Lima de Oliveira J, Moré Milan T, Longo Bighetti‐Trevisan R, Fernandes RR, Leopoldino AM, Almeida LO. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells: a route to acquired cisplatin resistance through epigenetics in HNSCC. Oral Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lima de Oliveira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Thaís Moré Milan
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Rayana Longo Bighetti‐Trevisan
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Roger Rodrigo Fernandes
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Luciana Oliveira Almeida
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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Huang JL, Chen SY, Lin CS. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells through Epigenetic Modulation of Interferon Response. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040556. [PMID: 35455671 PMCID: PMC9027081 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cancer cells and are thought to play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of tumor mass. CSCs exhibit similar hallmarks to normal stem cells, such as self-renewal, differentiation, and homeostasis. In addition, CSCs are equipped with several features so as to evade anticancer mechanisms. Therefore, it is hard to eliminate CSCs by conventional anticancer therapeutics that are effective at clearing bulk cancer cells. Interferons are innate cytokines and are the key players in immune surveillance to respond to invaded pathogens. Interferons are also crucial for adaptive immunity for the killing of specific aliens including cancer cells. However, CSCs usually evolve to escape from interferon-mediated immune surveillance and to shape the niche as a “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME). These CSC characteristics are related to their unique epigenetic regulations that are different from those of normal and bulk cancer cells. In this review, we introduce the roles of epigenetic modifiers, focusing on LSD1, BMI1, G9a, and SETDB1, in contributing to CSC characteristics and discussing the interplay between CSCs and interferon response. We also discuss the emerging strategy for eradicating CSCs by targeting these epigenetic modifiers, which can elevate cytosolic nuclei acids, trigger interferon response, and reshape a “hot” TME for improving cancer immunotherapy. The key epigenetic and immune genes involved in this crosstalk can be used as biomarkers for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Ling Huang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan;
| | - Si-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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BMI-1 Expression Heterogeneity in Endometriosis-Related and Non-Endometriotic Ovarian Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116082. [PMID: 34199929 PMCID: PMC8200180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BMI-1 is a key component of stem cells, which are essential for normal organ development and cell phenotype maintenance. BMI-1 expression is deregulated in cancer, resulting in the alteration of chromatin and gene transcription repression. The cellular signaling pathway that governs BMI-1 action in the ovarian carcinogenesis sequences is incompletely deciphered. In this study, we set out to analyze the immunohistochemical (IHC) BMI-1 expression in two different groups: endometriosis-related ovarian carcinoma (EOC) and non-endometriotic ovarian carcinoma (NEOC), aiming to identify the differences in its tissue profile. Methods: BMI-1 IHC expression has been individually quantified in epithelial and in stromal components by using adapted scores systems. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between BMI-1 epithelial and stromal profile in each group and between groups and its correlation with classical clinicopathological characteristics. Results: BMI-1 expression in epithelial tumor cells was mostly low or negative in the EOC group, and predominantly positive in the NEOC group. Moreover, the stromal BMI-1 expression was variable in the EOC group, whereas in the NEOC group, stromal BMI-1 expression was mainly strong. We noted statistically significant differences between the epithelial and stromal BMI-1 profiles in each group and between the two ovarian carcinoma (OC) groups. Conclusions: Our study provides solid evidence for a different BMI-1 expression in EOC and NEOC, corresponding to the differences in their etiopathogeny. The reported differences in the BMI-1 expression of EOC and NEOC need to be further validated in a larger and homogenous cohort of study.
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8
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Ghazi N, Khorasanchi M. Markers associated with malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A review article. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 127:105158. [PMID: 34022545 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the autoimmune diseases associated with chronic inflammation that involves several complications including the potential for malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pathogenesis of OLP are yet to be fully comprehended however, it has been demonstrated that the epithelial cells in OLP lesions are affected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes leading to immunological reactions. Various factors are reported to act as diagnostic markers for predicting and monitoring the cancerous progression. Hence, in this review, we summarize and present the latest studies regarding the predictive markers associated with malignant potential of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ghazi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Khorasanchi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Bertlich M, Kitz J, Kruizenga M, Spiegel JL, Canis M, Ihler F, Haubner F, Weiss BG, Jakob M. Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Salivary Glands. Oncology 2021; 99:402-412. [PMID: 33756477 DOI: 10.1159/000514101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSC) are cells that exhibit stem cell properties and are pivotal in tumor biology. CSC markers have been described for many tumorous entities. However, to this date, there is no data on CSC markers in respect to squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the salivary glands. METHODS Histologic samples from patients with salivary gland SCCs were stained for CSC markers (ALDH-1/BMI-1/SOX-2/CD-44/vimentin) and divided into high and low expression subgroups. These were then correlated with tumor and patient characteristics as well as overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival, recurrence-free survival and local control rates (LCR) after 3 and 5 years. RESULTS Overall, 31 samples were included. CD-44 and ALDH-1 expression were associated with tumor origin (metastatic/primary disease, p = 0.048 and p = 0.011, respectively). Strong BMI-1 expression was associated with poorer OS (62.9 vs. 27.3%, p = 0.029), strong SOX-2 expression was associated with poorer LCR (62.5 vs. 21.9%, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION CD-44 and ALDH-1 may be useful in differentiating between primary SCCs and metastatic disease. BMI-1 and SOX-2 are correlated with poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattis Bertlich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Kitz
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marie Kruizenga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lee Spiegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Ihler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard G Weiss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany,
| | - Mark Jakob
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Shapiro GI, O'Mara E, Laskin OL, Gao L, Baird JD, Spiegel RJ, Kaushik D, Weetall M, Colacino J, O'Keefe K, Branstrom A, Goodwin E, Infante J, Bedard PL, Kong R. Pharmacokinetics and Safety of PTC596, a Novel Tubulin-Binding Agent, in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10:940-949. [PMID: 33440067 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PTC596 is a novel, orally bioavailable, small-molecule tubulin-binding agent that reduces B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 activity and is being developed for the treatment of solid tumors. A phase 1, open-label, multiple-ascending-dose study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of the drug in subjects with advanced solid tumors. PTC596 was administered orally biweekly based on body weight. Dose escalation followed a modified 3 + 3 scheme using doses of 0.65, 1.3, 2.6, 5.2, 7.0, and 10.4 mg/kg. Following oral administration, PTC596 was rapidly absorbed, and between 0.65 and 7.0 mg/kg reached a maximum plasma concentration 2 to 4 hours after dosing. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve increased proportionally with body weight-adjusted doses. Maximum plasma concentration increased with dose, although the increase was less than dose proportional at dose levels >2.6 mg/kg. No accumulation occurred after multiple administrations up to 7.0 mg/kg. PTC596 had a terminal half-life ranging 12 to 15 hours at all doses except for the highest dose of 10.4 mg/kg, where the half-life was approximately 20 hours. Overall, PTC596 was well tolerated. The most frequently reported PTC596-related treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea (54.8%), nausea (45.2%), vomiting (35.5%), and fatigue (35.5%). Only 1 patient treated with 10.4 mg/kg experienced dose-limiting toxicity of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, both of which were reversible. Stable disease as best overall response was observed among 7 patients, with 2 patients receiving the study drug up to 16 weeks. These results support the further development of PTC596 for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward O'Mara
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
| | - Oscar L Laskin
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lan Gao
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
| | - John D Baird
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Diksha Kaushik
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Kylie O'Keefe
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Infante
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Kong
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, USA
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Mohamed H, Haglund C, Jouhi L, Atula T, Hagström J, Mäkitie A. Expression and Role of E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, and Vimentin in Human Papillomavirus-Positive and Human Papillomavirus-Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:595-606. [PMID: 32794417 PMCID: PMC7469711 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420950841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is subclassified by the World Health Organization into two different entities: human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative tumors. HPV infection promotes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transformation of keratinocyte stem cells into cancer stem cells. EMT is a crucial process in the carcinogenesis of epithelial-derived malignancies, and we aimed to study the role of its markers in OPSCC. This study consists of 202 consecutive OPSCC patients diagnosed and treated with curative intent. We examined E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin expression using immunohistochemistry and compared these with tumor and patient characteristics and treatment outcome. We found that the cell-membranous expression of β-catenin was stronger in HPV-positive than in HPV-negative tumors, and it was stronger in the presence of regional metastasis. The stromal vimentin expression was stronger among HPV-positive tumors. A high E-cadherin expression was associated with tumor grade. No relationship between these markers and survival emerged. In conclusion, β-catenin and vimentin seem to play different roles in OPSCC: the former in the tumor tissue itself, and the latter in the tumor stroma. HPV infection may exploit the β-catenin and vimentin pathways in carcinogenic process. More, β-catenin may serve as a marker for the occurrence of regional metastasis:
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Histology, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Jouhi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Atula
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Klein IP, Meurer L, Danilevicz CK, Squarize CH, Martins MD, Carrard VC. BMI-1 expression increases in oral leukoplakias and correlates with cell proliferation. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190532. [PMID: 32348447 PMCID: PMC7185978 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a white lesion of an indeterminate risk not related to any excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no increased risk for cancer. Many biological markers have been used in an attempt to predict malignant transformation; however, no reliable markers have been established so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Peres Klein
- Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Luise Meurer
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Chris Krebs Danilevicz
- Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Coelho Carrard
- Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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13
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Yang H, Jin X, Dan H, Chen Q. Histone modifications in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Dis 2019; 26:719-732. [PMID: 31056829 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Chongqing China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Medicine of Carcinogenesis and Management West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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14
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Peitzsch C, Nathansen J, Schniewind SI, Schwarz F, Dubrovska A. Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Identification, Characterization and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050616. [PMID: 31052565 PMCID: PMC6562868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Despite advances in the treatment management, locally advanced disease has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%. The growth of HNSCC is maintained by a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which possess unlimited self-renewal potential and induce tumor regrowth if not completely eliminated by therapy. The population of CSCs is not only a promising target for tumor treatment, but also an important biomarker to identify the patients at risk for therapeutic failure and disease progression. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent pre-clinical and clinical studies on the biology and potential therapeutic implications of HNSCC stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jacqueline Nathansen
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sebastian I Schniewind
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Mohamed H, Hagström J, Jouhi L, Atula T, Almangush A, Mäkitie A, Haglund C. The expression and prognostic value of stem cell markers Bmi-1, HESC5:3, and HES77 in human papillomavirus-positive and -negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319840473. [PMID: 30915904 DOI: 10.1177/1010428319840473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus is detected in over 50% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas differ from human papillomavirus-negative tumors, and both expression patterns are classified as distinct entities. The Bmi-1 oncogene is a well-known member of the mammalian polycomb-group family. HESC5:3 and HES77 are newly developed monoclonal antibodies produced against undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Our aim was to explore their roles in both human papillomavirus-positive and -negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Our cohort comprised 202 consecutive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients diagnosed and treated with curative intent. We used tissue microarray tumor blocks to study the immunohistochemical expression of Bmi-1, HESC5:3, and HES77. We compared the expressions of these stem cell markers with p16 immunoexpression and human papillomavirus status, as well as with other characteristics of the tumor, and with patients' clinical data and follow-up data. Human papillomavirus- and p16-positive tumors expressed less Bmi-1 and more HESC5:3 than the negative tumors. HES77 expression was high in human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, but it did not correlate with p16 positivity. In our multivariable model, Bmi-1 and HESC5:3 were still associated with human papillomavirus, but the association between human papillomavirus and HES77 remained absent. In conclusion, Bmi-1, HESC5:3, and HES77 may have a different role in human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative tumors. There was no correlation between Bmi-1, HESC5:3, and HES77 expression and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Mohamed
- 1 Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,2 Department of Histology, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida, Libya
| | - Jaana Hagström
- 1 Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,3 Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Jouhi
- 4 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Atula
- 4 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alhadi Almangush
- 1 Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- 4 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,5 Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology and Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,6 Research Programme in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- 3 Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,7 Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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dos Santos HT, de Souza do Nascimento J, Meireles F, Scarini JF, Egal ES, Montalli VA, Fonseca FP, Mariano FV, Altemani A. Evaluation of the expression of Bmi-1 stem cell marker in sinonasal melanomas and its correlation with the expression of cell cycle proteins. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-019-0034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sinonasal melanomas (SNM) are aggressive neoplasms, which present distinct clinicopathological and molecular aspects when compared to cutaneous melanomas (CM). B-cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site-1 (Bmi-1) is a stem cell marker involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and has been found to be expressed in 70% of CM and 100% of benign nevi. Regarding the cell cycle, Bmi-1 is known to be an upstream repressor of p16, which is a tumor suppressor encoded by the INK4a/Arf locus. Considering this, the aim of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Bmi-1 in a series of SNM and its correlation with the expression of cell cycle proteins (p16 and Ki-67, a nuclear antigen of proliferating cells).
Methods
In 16 cases of SNM, nuclear expression of Bmi-1 and nuclear and cytoplasmic of p16 was classified as: absent, low (> 5 to < 50% of cells) and high (≥50%). Ki-67 proliferation index was represented by the ratio positive cells/ total cells.
Results
Histologically, all cases presented varying amount of necrosis and 75% contained undifferentiated cells. Bmi-1 was detected in 6 cases (37.5%) with high level of expression in 2; p16 expression was seen in 10 cases (62.5%) with high level in 7. The frequency of p16 expression did not differ significantly between tumors with or without Bmi-1 expression. Ki-67 index ranged from 8 to 22%. Neither Bmi-1 nor p16 expression showed correlation with Ki-67 index. Bmi-1 negative tumors presented more extensive necrosis (71.4%); no association between Bmi-1 expression and undifferentiated phenotype was observed.
Conclusions
In our SNM series, low immunohistochemical expression of Bmi-1 was a common phenomenon favoring the hypothesis that mucosal melanoma possibly presents molecular pathways different from the cutaneous counterpart. In SNM, Bmi-1 and p16 expression levels did not correlate with each other or with the cell proliferative index.
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17
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Kim M, Lee S, Park WH, Suh DH, Kim K, Kim YB, No JH. Silencing Bmi1 expression suppresses cancer stemness and enhances chemosensitivity in endometrial cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:584-589. [PMID: 30243092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bmi1, a polycomb group gene, is essential for self-renewal of stem cells and is frequently upregulated in various cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the effect of Bmi1 silencing on cancer stemness and chemosensitivity in endometrial cancer using targeted siRNA approach in HEC1A and Ishikawa cells. METHODS Cell viability after treatment with Bmi1 siRNA was assessed using the MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was visualized using the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Western blotting, migration assays and invasion assays were performed to detect changes in the stem-like properties of cancer cells. To evaluate the anticancer effect of Bmi1 silencing, HEC1A and Ishikawa cells were treated with 100 nM Bmi1 siRNA and/or 40 μM cisplatin. RESULTS In the MTT assay, compared to control, viability of HEC1A and Ishikawa cells significantly decreased after Bmi1 siRNA treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Bmi1 silencing using siRNA increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase polymerase (PARP) as observed in the western blot analysis. Apoptosis significantly increased in the HEC1A and Ishikawa cells treated with 100 nM Bmi1 siRNA for 48 h than in the control cells in TUNEL assay. SOX2 and Oct4 expression decreased in the HEC1A and Ishikawa cells treated with Bmi1 siRNA, while E-cadherin expression increased. Further, migratory and invasive properties were significantly inhibited by Bmi1 siRNA treatment in both cell lines. Notably, viability of HEC1A and Ishikawa cells decreased more when they were concurrently treated with Bmi1 siRNA and cisplatin compared to when they were treated with Bmi1 siRNA or cisplatin alone. CONCLUSION Bmi1 silencing suppresses cancer stemness in HEC1A and Ishikawa cells. Concurrent treatment with Bmi1 siRNA and cisplatin resulted in additive anticancer effect with a cell line-specific pattern, which was higher than that shown by cisplatin treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Ha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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18
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BMI1 Roles in Cancer Stem Cells and Its Association with MicroRNAs Dysregulation in Cancer: Emphasis on Colorectal Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.82926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Zhao Q, Qian Q, Cao D, Yang J, Gui T, Shen K. Role of BMI1 in epithelial ovarian cancer: investigated via the CRISPR/Cas9 system and RNA sequencing. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:31. [PMID: 29685168 PMCID: PMC5911954 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) might be an appropriate biomarker in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the biological role of BMI1 and its relevant molecular mechanism needs further elaboration. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is an excellent genome-editing tool and is scarcely used in EOC studies. Methods We first applied CRISPR/Cas9 technique to silence BMI1 in EOC cells; thereafter we accomplished various in vivo and in vitro experiments to detect biological behaviors of ovarian cancer cells, including MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays, etc.; eventually, we used RNA sequencing to reveal the underlying molecular traits driven by BMI1 in EOC. Results We successfully shut off the expression of BMI1 in EOC cells using CRISPR/Cas9 system, providing an ideal cellular model for investigations of target gene. Silencing BMI1 could reduce cell growth and metastasis, promote cell apoptosis, and enhance the platinum sensitivity of EOC cells. BMI1 might alter extracellular matrix structure and angiogenesis of tumor cells through regulating Focal adhesion and PI3K/AKT pathways. Conclusion BMI1 is a potential biomarker in EOC management, especially for tumor progression and chemo-resistance. Molecular traits, including BMI1 and core genes in Focal adhesion and PI3K/AKT pathways, might be alternatives as therapeutic targets for EOC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13048-018-0406-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuhong Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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20
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Hu Q, Wu T, Chen X, Li H, Du Z, Hao Y, Peng J, Tai S, Song M, Cheng B. The poor outcome of second primary oral squamous cell carcinoma is attributed to Bmi1 upregulation. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1056-1069. [PMID: 29479858 PMCID: PMC5911571 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been reported to cause second primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (s-OSCC). The prognosis and pathologic characteristic of s-OSCC are largely unknown. Bmi1 was associated with the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage, suggesting its possible involvement in the pathologic process of s-OSCC. Herein, we compared the prognosis between s-OSCC and primary OSCC (p-OSCC) and explored the involvement of Bmi1 in s-OSCC development. In this retrospective study, s-OSCC and p-OSCC patients were matched by propensity scores. Their outcomes were compared by univariate and multivariate analyses. The expression of Bmi1 in s-OSCC and p-OSCC was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Radiation-induced Bmi1 alteration in early-stage was explored in a rat model and HaCaT cells. After matching, 116 pairs of patients with highly balanced characteristics were included. In univariate analysis, the overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were poorer in s-OSCC than in p-OSCC (P < 0.05), while their regional metastasis-free survival (RMFS) was parallel (P = 0.112). Multivariate analysis further revealed that radiotherapy history was an independent risk factor for OS, DSS, and LRFS (P < 0.05). IHC results showed that the positive rate of Bmi1 was higher in s-OSCC (P = 0.0027). In a rat model of radiotherapy-induced mucositis, Bmi1 upregulation was observed 8 days after irradiation. Consistently, Bmi1 was upregulated in HaCaT cells 1 h after irradiation, and its upregulation was in accord with X-ray exposure duration. In conclusion, the prognosis of s-OSCC is poorer as compared to p-OSCC, which may be attributed to Bmi1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Hu
- Department of Oral MedicineHospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Oral MedicineHospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Oral MedicineHospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Intensive Care UnitSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics and EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics and EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianmin Peng
- Department of Oral MedicineHospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Tai
- Department of Oral MedicineHospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral MedicineHospital of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyGuanghua School of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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21
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Rodrigues MFSD, Xavier FCDA, Andrade NP, Lopes C, Miguita Luiz L, Sedassari BT, Ibarra AMC, López RVM, Kliemann Schmerling C, Moyses RA, Tajara da Silva EE, Nunes FD. Prognostic implications of CD44, NANOG, OCT4, and BMI1 expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 40:1759-1773. [PMID: 29607565 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) contains a cell subpopulation referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The CSC markers have been used to isolate these cells and as biomarkers to predict overall survival. METHODS The CSC markers CD44, NANOG, OCT4, and BMI1 were investigated using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS The CD44 overexpression was associated with disease-related death (P = 0.02) and worst prognosis. NANOG was upregulated in nontumoral margins and associated with T1/T2 classification, lymph node metastasis, and worst prognosis. OCT4 was associated with lymph node metastasis and worst overall survival. BMI1 and CD44v3 were overexpressed in tongue SCC. Coexpression of CD44++ /NANOG++ was associated with worst overall survival when compared with patients with CD44-/+ /NANOG-/+ . CONCLUSION The CSC markers might play an important role not only in CSC trait acquisition but also in tongue SCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro Rodrigues
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália Paiva Andrade
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucyene Miguita Luiz
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Tavares Sedassari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Melissa Ccopa Ibarra
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Kliemann Schmerling
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ajub Moyses
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Markers of Oral Lichen Planus Malignant Transformation. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:1959506. [PMID: 29682099 PMCID: PMC5846459 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1959506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology with significant impact on patients' quality of life. Malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered as one of the most serious complications of the disease; nevertheless, controversy still persists. Various factors seem to be involved in the progression of malignant transformation; however, the mechanism of this process is not fully understood yet. Molecular alterations detected in OLP samples might represent useful biomarkers for predicting and monitoring the malignant progression. In this review, we discuss various studies which highlight different molecules as ominous predictors of OLP malignant transformation.
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Wang Q, Li Z, Wu Y, Huang R, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Wang Y, Cheng J. Pharmacological inhibition of Bmi1 by PTC-209 impaired tumor growth in head neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:107. [PMID: 29200967 PMCID: PMC5697105 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bmi1 (B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog) contributes to human tumorigenesis via epigenetic transcriptional silencing and represents a novel therapeutic target with great potentials. Here we sought to determine the therapeutic efficiency of PTC-209, a potent and selective Bmi1 inhibitor, in head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells and a HNSCC xenograft model. Methods The mutation pattern, mRNA level of Bmi1 in HNSCC and its associations with clinicopathological parameters were determined through comprehensive data mining and interrogation using publicly available databases GENT, cBioPortal, Oncomine and TCGA. The PTC-209, a selective and potent Bmi1 inhibitor, was exploited and its effect on Bmi1 expression was measured in two HNSCC cell lines Cal27 and FaDu. The phenotypical changes of HNSCC cells were observed upon PTC-209 treatment in vitro. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of PTC-209 for HNSCC were determined in a xenograft animal model. Results Through comprehensive data mining and interrogation, we found that Bmi1 mRNA was frequently overexpressed in a subset of HNSCC samples. Our data revealed that PTC-209 robustly reduced the expression of Bmi1 in Cal27 and FaDu cells presumably by post-transcriptional repression and ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. PTC-209 treatment resulted in impaired cell proliferation, G1-phase cell cycle arrest, compromised migration and invasiveness, and increased cell apoptosis and chemosensitivity to 5-FU and cisplatin in vitro. Moreover, PTC-209 exposure reduced colony formation, tumorsphere formation and the percentage of ALDH1+ subpopulation in both Cal27 and FaDu cells. Importantly, in vivo PTC-209 administration significantly reduced tumor growth in a HNSCC xenograft model probably by Bmi1 inhibition and impaired cell proliferation. Conclusions Our findings indicate that pharmacological inhibition of Bmi1 is a novel therapeutic strategy for HNSCC patients, especially with those with aberrant Bmi1 overexpression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-017-0481-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Rong Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Yumin Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
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Trino S, Iacobucci I, Erriquez D, Laurenzana I, De Luca L, Ferrari A, Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà A, Papayannidis C, Derenzini E, Simonetti G, Lonetti A, Venturi C, Cattina F, Ottaviani E, Abbenante MC, Russo D, Perini G, Musto P, Martinelli G. Targeting the p53-MDM2 interaction by the small-molecule MDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3a: a new challenged target therapy in adult Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12951-61. [PMID: 26887044 PMCID: PMC4914334 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2 is an important negative regulator of p53 tumor suppressor. In this study, we sought to investigate the preclinical activity of the MDM2 antagonist, Nutlin-3a, in Philadelphia positive (Ph+) and negative (Ph-) leukemic cell line models, and primary B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient samples. We demonstrated that Nutlin-3a treatment reduced viability and induced p53-mediated apoptosis in ALL cells with wild-type p53 protein, in a time and dose-dependent manner, resulting in the increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and key regulators of cell cycle arrest. The dose-dependent reduction in cell viability was confirmed in primary blast cells from B-ALL patients, including Ph+ ALL resistant patients carrying the T315I BCR-ABL1 mutation. Our findings provide a strong rational for further clinical investigation of Nutlin-3a in Ph+ and Ph- ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Erriquez
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Derenzini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Venturi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Cattina
- Chair of Hematology and BMT Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ottaviani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Abbenante
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Chair of Hematology and BMT Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Biomarkers in diagnosis and therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A review of the literature. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2017; 45:722-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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26
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Prognostic Value of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43008. [PMID: 28220856 PMCID: PMC5318950 DOI: 10.1038/srep43008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bmi-1, CD133, Nanog and Oct-4 have been reported as cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the prognostic value of them in HNSCC remains controversial. Hence, this meta-analysis was conducted to access the association between the four CSC markers and survival outcome of HNSCC patients. A total of 22 articles with 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and the combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Data analysis showed that high expression of CSC markers was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.46–2.55, P < 0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR = 4.78; 95% CI: 2.95–7.75, P < 0.001) but not disease specific survival (DSS) (HR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.74–1.84, P = 0.50) of HNSCC patients. Subgroup analysis indicted that high expression of CD133 (HR = 2.33, 95%CI: 1.42–3.83, P < 0.001), Oct-4(HR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.36–3.22, P = 0.007) and Nanog (HR = 2.49, 95%CI: 1.66–3.72, P < 0.001) could predict poor OS in HNSCC patients respectively whereas overexpression of Bmi-1 was not related to the reduced OS in HNSCC patients (HR = 1.32, 95%CI: 0.66–2.65, P = 0.43). Therefore, we concluded that CSC markers, especially CD133, Nanog and Oct-4, might be predictive factors in HNSCC patients.
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27
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Lindsay C, Seikaly H, Biron VL. Epigenetics of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: opportunities for novel chemotherapeutic targets. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 46:9. [PMID: 28143553 PMCID: PMC5282807 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-017-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable changes in gene expression that do not directly alter DNA sequence. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, small and non-coding RNAs. Alterations in epigenetic profiles cause deregulation of fundamental gene expression pathways associated with carcinogenesis. The role of epigenetics in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has recently been recognized, with implications for novel biomarkers, molecular diagnostics and chemotherapeutics. In this review, important epigenetic pathways in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and negative OPSCC are summarized, as well as the potential clinical utility of this knowledge.This material has never been published and is not currently under evaluation in any other peer-reviewed publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Lindsay
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 1E4.34 WMC, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 1E4.34 WMC, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Vincent L Biron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, 1E4.34 WMC, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
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28
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Wang MC, Jiao M, Wu T, Jing L, Cui J, Guo H, Tian T, Ruan ZP, Wei YC, Jiang LL, Sun HF, Huang LX, Nan KJ, Li CL. Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 promotes invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer stem cells by activating PI3K/AKT signaling, an ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo study. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9586-99. [PMID: 26840020 PMCID: PMC4891062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell theory indicates cancer stem cells are the key to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Studies showed that BMI-1 could promote self-renew, differentiation and tumor formation of CSCs and invasion/metastasis of human cancer. However, whether BMI-1 could regulate invasion and metastasis ability of CSCs is still unclear. In our study, we found that up-regulated expression of BMI-1 was associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. CD133+ cells were obtained by using magnetic cell sorting and identified of CSCs properties such as self-renew, multi-differentiation and tumor formation ability. Then, we found that BMI-1 expression was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Knockdown of BMI-1 expression attenuated invasion ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells in Transwell system and liver metastasis capacity in nude mice which were injected CSCs through the caudal vein. We are the first to reveal that BMI-1 could promote invasion and metastasis ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Finally, we identified that BMI-1 expression activating PI3K/AKT singing pathway by negative regulating PTEN was the main mechanism of promoting invasion and metastasis ability of pancreatic CSCs. In summary, our findings indicate that BMI-1 could be used as the therapeutic target to inhibiting CSCs-mediated pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-ping Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chang Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Xuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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29
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Matsumoto H, Munemori M, Shimizu K, Fujii N, Kobayashi K, Inoue R, Yamamoto Y, Nagao K, Matsuyama H. Risk stratification using Bmi-1 and Snail expression is a useful prognostic tool for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Int J Urol 2016; 23:1030-1037. [PMID: 27704680 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression levels of E-cadherin, Snail, Twist and Bmi-1 in the human upper tract urothelial carcinoma, and to assess whether these factors could be prognostic markers. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was carried out to determine the expression of E-cadherin, Snail, Twist and Bmi-1 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma samples from 144 patients that underwent total nephroureterectomy between January 1995 and December 2010. The patient population had a median age of 71 years, and comprised 104 men and 40 women, with a median follow-up period of 40 months. The prognostic value of these markers was assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. A risk stratification analysis was carried out. RESULTS Snail and Bmi-1 expression predicted worse overall survival (P = 0.0075 and 0.0035), cancer-specific survival (P = 0.0919 and 0.0085) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.0360 and 0.0817, respectively) compared with tumors that lacked Snail and Bmi-1 expression. Additionally, clinical parameters, grade, stage and lymphovascular invasion correlated with overall survival, cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that Bmi-1 expression was among the most significant factors in predicting cancer-specific survival (P = 0.0333). The combination of Snail, Bmi-1 and pathological stage was the most useful prognostic biomarker for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. CONCLUSION Risk stratification by epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-regulated genes, such as Snail and Bmi-1, might be useful prognostic markers for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masaru Munemori
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kosuke Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nakanori Fujii
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Keita Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagao
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Matsuyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Zhao Q, Gui T, Qian Q, Li L, Shen K. B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1: potential stratification factor and therapeutic target for epithelial ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5203-8. [PMID: 27578986 PMCID: PMC5001671 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s109443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer, a vexing challenge for clinical management, still lacks biomarkers for early diagnosis, precise stratification, and prognostic evaluation of patients. B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1), a member of the polycomb group of proteins, engages in diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and stem cell renewal. In addition, BMI1, as a cancer stem-cell marker, participates in tumorigenesis through various pathways. Rewardingly, recent studies have also revealed a relationship between BMI1 expression and the clinical grade/stage, therapy response, and survival outcome in a majority of human malignancies, including epithelial ovarian cancer. Therefore, BMI1 might serve as a potential stratification factor and treatment target for epithelial ovarian cancer, pending evidence from further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Ting Gui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Qiuhong Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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31
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Yin Yang 1 is associated with cancer stem cell transcription factors (SOX2, OCT4, BMI1) and clinical implication. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:84. [PMID: 27225481 PMCID: PMC4881184 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is frequently overexpressed in cancerous tissues compared to normal tissues and has regulatory roles in cell proliferation, cell viability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and drug/immune resistance. YY1 shares many properties with cancer stem cells (CSCs) that drive tumorigenesis, metastasis and drug resistance and are regulated by overexpression of certain transcription factors, including SOX2, OCT4 (POU5F1), BMI1 and NANOG. Based on these similarities, it was expected that YY1 expression would be associated with SOX2, OCT4, BMI1, and NANOG’s expressions and activities. Data mining from the proteomic tissue-based datasets from the Human Protein Atlas were used for protein expression patterns of YY1 and the four CSC markers in 17 types of cancer, including both solid and hematological malignancies. A close association was revealed between the frequency of expressions of YY1 and SOX2 as well as SOX2 and OCT4 in all cancers analyzed. Two types of dynamics were identified based on the nature of their association, namely, inverse or direct, between YY1 and SOX2. These two dynamics define distinctive patterns of BMI1 and OCT4 expressions. The relationship between YY1 and SOX2 expressions as well as the expressions of BMI1 and OCT4 resulted in the classification of four groups of cancers with distinct molecular signatures: 1) Prostate, lung, cervical, endometrial, ovarian and glioma cancers (YY1loSOX2hiBMI1hiOCT4hi) 2) Skin, testis and breast cancers (YY1hiSOX2loBMI1hiOCT4hi) 3) Liver, stomach, renal, pancreatic and urothelial cancers (YY1loSOX2loBMI1hiOCT4hi) and 4) Colorectal cancer, lymphoma and melanoma (YY1hiSOX2hiBMI1loOCT4hi). A regulatory loop is proposed consisting of the cross-talk between the NF-kB/PI3K/AKT pathways and the downstream inter-regulation of target gene products YY1, OCT4, SOX2 and BMI1.
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Lundberg M, Renkonen S, Haglund C, Mattila PS, Leivo I, Hagström J, Mäkitie AA. Association of BMI-1 and p16 as prognostic factors for head and neck carcinomas. Acta Otolaryngol 2016; 136:501-5. [PMID: 27052966 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2015.1122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS BMI-1 is an upstream repressor of tumor suppressor p16 and their inverse expression patterns have been linked with patient survival in OPSCC. In this material only p16 remained a relevant prognostic marker in OPSCC. OBJECTIVES HNSCC tumors carry variable phenotypes and clinical outcomes depending on their anatomical location. In OPSCC, expression of tumor suppressor p16 is used as a surrogate marker of HPV infection and has prognostic value. There are no good prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC tumors of other anatomical locations. AIM To study the expression patterns of p16 and BMI-1 in not only oropharyngeal but also oral, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and to clarify their putative connections with clinical parameters, survival, and each other. METHOD Hospital records on 130 patients (59 OPSCC, 18 OSCC, 20 HPSCC, and 33 LSCC) diagnosed between 1997-2008 at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, were reviewed. BMI-1 and p16 expressions were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sixty-eight per cent of OPSCC expressed p16 and expression correlated with lower age, lower T- and higher N-category, and with improved OS and DFS. BMI-1 expression was most prevalent in OPSCC and LSCC, but had no clinical correlations. No correlation between p16 and BMI-1 expression was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lundberg
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Suvi Renkonen
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
- b Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences , Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Caj Haglund
- c Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HusLab , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
- d Department of Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
- e Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Petri S Mattila
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- f Department of Pathology , Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- c Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and HusLab , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
- b Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences , Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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33
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Cancer Stem Cell Signaling during Repopulation in Head and Neck Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1894782. [PMID: 26880935 PMCID: PMC4736761 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1894782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate cancer stem signaling during the repopulation response of a head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) xenograft after radiation treatment. Xenografts were generated from low passage HNSCC cells and were treated with either sham radiation or 15 Gy in one fraction. At different time points, days 0, 3, and 10 for controls and days 4, 7, 12, and 21, after irradiation, 3 tumors per group were harvested for global gene expression, pathway analysis, and immunohistochemical evaluation. 316 genes were identified that were associated with a series of stem cell-related genes and were differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.01 and 1.5-fold) at a minimum of one time point in UT-SCC-14 xenografts after radiation. The largest network of genes that showed significant changes after irradiation was associated with CD44, NOTCH1, and MET. c-MET and ALDH1A3 staining correlated with the changes in gene expression. A clear pattern emerged that was consistent with the growth inhibition data in that genes associated with stem cell pathways were most active at day 7 and day 12 after irradiation. The MET/CD44 axis seemed to be an important component of the repopulation response.
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Madathan Kandy S, Ishwara Bhat D, Choppavarapu L, Suvatha A, Ghati Kasturirangan C. Overexpression and lack of copy number variation in the BMI-1 gene in human glioma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3318-3322. [PMID: 26722333 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are neoplasms of the brain that are associated with a poor prognosis. The B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) gene is one of the major cancer stem cell factors responsible for treatment failure in glioma. In the present study, the DNA-RNA-protein alterations in the BMI-1 gene were assessed in 50 glioma samples. Copy number variations in the BMI-1 gene were analyzed using SYBR® Green quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression analysis was performed using a Taqman assay and protein quantitation was performed using western blotting. A comparative Ct analysis showed the absence of copy number variations in all glioma samples. BMI-1 mRNA expression was found to be overexpressed in 36 out of 50 samples (72.0%), and 37 out of 50 samples showed overexpression (74.0%) of BMI-1 protein; this was statistically significant when compared with non-glioma tissues. It was observed that the protein and RNA expression in glioma were concordant. In this study on the BMI-1 gene, transcription and translation in glioma were observed and BMI-1 overexpression was found to be a common phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibin Madathan Kandy
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Dhananjaya Ishwara Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Lavanya Choppavarapu
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Arati Suvatha
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Chetan Ghati Kasturirangan
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
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Wei XL, Dou XW, Bai JW, Luo XR, Qiu SQ, Xi DD, Huang WH, Du CW, Man K, Zhang GJ. ERα inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing Bmi1 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:21704-17. [PMID: 26023734 PMCID: PMC4673297 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In human breast cancer, estrogen receptor-α (ERα) suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness, two crucial parameters for tumor metastasis; however, the underlying mechanism by which ERα regulates these two processes remains largely unknown. Bmi1, the polycomb group protein B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog, regulates EMT transition, maintains the self-renewal capacity of stem cells, and is frequently overexpressed in human cancers. In the present study, ERα upregulated the expression of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin, in breast cancer cells through the transcriptional down-regulation of Bmi1. Furthermore, ERα overexpression suppressed the migration, invasion, and EMT of breast cancer cells. Notably, overexpression of ERα significantly decreased the CD44high/CD24low cell population and inhibited the capacity for mammosphere formation in ERα-negative breast cancer cells. In addition, overexpression of Bmi1 attenuated the ERα-mediated suppression of EMT and cell stemness. Immunohistochemistry revealed an inverse association of ERα and Bmi1 expression in human breast cancer tissue. Taken together, our findings suggest that ERα inhibits EMT and stemness through the downregulation of Bmi1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Wei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory and Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dou
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory and Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory and Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Luo
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory and Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Si-Qi Qiu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Di-Di Xi
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory and Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Wen-He Huang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Cai-Wen Du
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory and Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
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Xu XH, Liu Y, Li DJ, Hu J, Su J, Huang Q, Lu MQ, Yi F, Bao D, Fu YZ. Effect of shRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing of Bmi-1 Expression on Chemosensitivity of CD44+ Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cancer Stem-Like Cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:NP27-39. [PMID: 26294655 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615599461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the effect of short hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing of Bmi-1 expression on chemosensitivity of CD44(+) nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer stem-like cells. The sequence-specific short hairpin RNA lentivirus targeting at human Bmi-1 was synthesized and used to infect CD44(+) nasopharyngeal cells that were sorted by flow cytometry. We also employed flow cytometry to detect transfection efficiency. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Bmi-1 and its downstream repressor genes p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF) messenger RNA, while each protein expression level of Bmi-1, p16(INK4a), p14(ARF), and p53 was confirmed by Western blotting protocol. Tumor spheroid assay was used to evaluate the self-renewal capacity. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and colony formation assay were applied to detect proliferation capacity and colony-forming capacity under different concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin. Transwell cell migration and invasion assay were employed to observe migration and invasion capacity after cells were exposed to cisplatin for 24 hours. The constructed short hairpin RNA lentivirus targeting Bmi-1 gene successfully infected into the CD44(+) nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and effectively inhibited the Bmi-1 messenger RNA and protein expression level, while the expression level of Bim-1 target genes, p16(INK4a), p14(ARF), and p53 was significantly increased (P < .05). Notably, the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion capabilities of the sequence-specific short hairpin RNA lentivirus-infected CD44(+) nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells reduced significantly under chemotherapeutic treatments (P < .05). Our results indicated that Bmi-1 may play an important role in the chemosensitivity of CD44(+) nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer stem-like cells. Bmi-1 may be a potential new target for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma displaying chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Xu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Dao-Jun Li
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Juan Hu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jin Su
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Ming-Qian Lu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Fang Yi
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Dan Bao
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yan-Zhi Fu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Department of Oncology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Wang MC, Li CL, Cui J, Jiao M, Wu T, Jing LI, Nan KJ. BMI-1, a promising therapeutic target for human cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:583-588. [PMID: 26622537 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BMI-1 oncogene is a member of the polycomb-group gene family and a transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of BMI-1 has been identified in various human cancer tissues and is known to be involved in cancer cell proliferation, cell invasion, distant metastasis, chemosensitivity and patient survival. Accumulating evidence has revealed that BMI-1 is also involved in the regulation of self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these biological processes remain unclear. The present review summarized the function of BMI-1 in different human cancer types and CSCs, and discussed the signaling pathways in which BMI-1 is potentially involved. In conclusion, BMI-1 may represent a promising target for the prevention and therapy of various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - L I Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Liu S, Tetzlaff MT, Wang T, Yang R, Xie L, Zhang G, Krepler C, Xiao M, Beqiri M, Xu W, Karakousis G, Schuchter L, Amaravadi RK, Xu W, Wei Z, Herlyn M, Yao Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xu X. miR-200c/Bmi1 axis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition contribute to acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor treatment. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:431-41. [PMID: 25903073 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) is one of the major challenges for targeted therapies for BRAF-mutant melanomas. However, little is known about the role of microRNAs in conferring BRAFi resistance. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-200c expression is significantly reduced whereas miR-200c target genes including Bmi1, Zeb2, Tubb3, ABCG5, and MDR1 are significantly increased in melanomas that acquired BRAFi resistance compared to pretreatment tumor biopsies. Similar changes were observed in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cell lines. Overexpression of miR-200c or knock-down of Bmi1 in resistant melanoma cells restores their sensitivities to BRAFi, leading to deactivation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling cascades, and acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenotypes, including upregulation of E-cadherin, downregulation of N-cadherin, and ABCG5 and MDR1 expression. Conversely, knock-down of miR-200c or overexpression of Bmi1 in BRAFi-sensitive melanoma cells activates the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways, upregulates N-cadherin, ABCG5, and MDR1 expression, and downregulates E-cadherin expression, leading to BRAFi resistance. Together, our data identify miR-200c as a critical signaling node in BRAFi-resistant melanomas impacting the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, suggesting miR-200c as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming acquired BRAFi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Min Xiao
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn Schuchter
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Weiting Xu
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Litao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Xu XH, Liu XY, Su J, Li DJ, Huang Q, Lu MQ, Yi F, Ren JH, Chen WH. ShRNA targeting Bmi-1 sensitizes CD44⁺ nasopharyngeal cancer stem-like cells to radiotherapy. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:764-70. [PMID: 24927072 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in resistance to radiation therapy (RT). Bmi-1, a member of the Polycomb family of transcriptional repressors, is essential for maintaining the self-renewal abilities of stem cells and overexpression of Bmi-1 correlates with cancer therapy failure. Our previous study identified that the CD44+ nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cells may be assumed as one of markers of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer stem cell-like cells (CSC-LCs) and Bmi-1 is overexpressed in CD44+ NPC. In the present study, we used RNA interference technology to knock down the expression of Bmi-1 in CD44+ NPC cells, and then measured the radiation response by clonogenic cell survival assay. DNA repair was monitored by γH2AX foci formation. Bmi-1 downstream relative gene and protein expression of p16, p14, p53 were assessed by western blotting and real-time PCR. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry assays. We found that Bmi-1 knockdown prolonged G1 and enhanced the radiation-induced G2/M arrest, inhibited DNA damage repair, elevated protein p16, p14 and p53 expression, leading to increased apoptosis in the radiated CD44+ cells. These data suggest that Bmi-1 downregulation increases the radiosensitivity to CD44+ NPC CSC-LCs. Bmi-1 is a potential target for increasing the sensitivity of NPC CSCs to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jin Su
- Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Jun Li
- Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qian Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yi
- Oncology Institute, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hua Ren
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Allegra E, Trapasso S, Pisani D, Puzzo L. The Role of BMI1 as a Biomarker of Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Cancer: A Review. Oncology 2014; 86:199-205. [DOI: 10.1159/000358598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu PW, Lin Y, Chen XY. Expression of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 mRNA and protein in gastric cancer. J Dig Dis 2014; 15:166-73. [PMID: 24393364 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) in gastric cancer (GC) and its relationship with the clinicopathological features of GC. METHODS Laser capture microdissection combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to determine the expressions of Bmi-1, the cellular homologue of avian myelocytomatosis virus (c-Myc), enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) in 20 GC specimens and the adjacent non-cancerous gastric tissues. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expressions of Bmi-1 in GC were increased compared with those of the non-cancerous gastric tissues (P = 0.012 and P = 0.000, respectively). Bmi-1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, invasion and lymph node metastasis. At both mRNA and protein levels, Bmi-1 was positively correlated with c-Myc and EZH2, but negatively correlated with PTEN and E-cadherin. CONCLUSION Bmi-1 might be involved in GC at both transcription and translation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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Abd El hafez A, El-Hadaad HA. Immunohistochemical expression and prognostic relevance of Bmi-1, a stem cell factor, in epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 18:58-62. [PMID: 24342665 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in women. Bmi-1 is a stem cell factor implicated in many human malignancies with poor outcome. Few published reports on the expression of Bmi-1 in epithelial ovarian cancer were either experimental or performed on cell lines. This study evaluates the immunohistochemical expression of Bmi-1 protein in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue specimens and its relevance to the clinicopathologic prognostic variables and patient survival. Forty cases of epithelial ovarian cancer were selected according to the availability of paraffin-embedded tissue and the clinicopathologic and survival data. Immunohistochemistry was performed for anti-Bmi-1 antibody. Low and high Bmi-1 expression groups were compared with age, tumor stage, laterality, grade, histology, and patient survival. Bmi-1 expression was detected in 72.5% of cases, of which 42.5% had high expression. High Bmi-1 expression strongly associated with advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages (P = .007), bilaterality (P = .01), and higher Gynecologic Oncology Group grades (P = .031) and carcinomas of serous histology (P = .027). It had no association with patient age. Bmi-1 expression displayed a significant inverse association with patient overall and mean survival (P = .006, P < .001). These observations suggested correlation between increased Bmi-1 expression and clinical progression in ovarian epithelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Abd El hafez
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Hend Ahmed El-Hadaad
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Siddique HR, Parray A, Tarapore RS, Wang L, Mukhtar H, Karnes RJ, Deng Y, Konety BR, Saleem M. BMI1 polycomb group protein acts as a master switch for growth and death of tumor cells: regulates TCF4-transcriptional factor-induced BCL2 signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60664. [PMID: 23671559 PMCID: PMC3645992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For advanced prostate cancer (CaP), the progression of tumors to the state of chemoresistance and paucity of knowledge about the mechanism of chemoresistance are major stumbling blocks in the management of this disease. Here, we provide compelling evidence that BMI1 polycomb group protein and a stem cell factor plays a crucial role in determining the fate of tumors vis-à-vis chemotherapy. We show that progressive increase in the levels of BMI1 occurs during the progression of CaP disease in humans. We show that BMI1-rich tumor cells are non-responsive to chemotherapy whereas BMI1-silenced tumor cells are responsive to therapy. By employing microarray, ChIP, immunoblot and Luciferase reporter assays, we identified a unique mechanism through which BMI1 rescues tumor cells from chemotherapy. We found that BMI1 regulates (i) activity of TCF4 transcriptional factor and (ii) binding of TCF4 to the promoter region of anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene. Notably, an increased TCF4 occupancy on BCL2 gene was observed in prostatic tissues exhibiting high BMI1 levels. Using tumor cells other than CaP, we also showed that regulation of TCF4-mediated BCL2 by BMI1 is universal. It is noteworthy that forced expression of BMI1 was observed to drive normal cells to hyperproliferative mode. We show that targeting BMI1 improves the outcome of docetaxel therapy in animal models bearing chemoresistant prostatic tumors. We suggest that BMI1 could be exploited as a potential molecular target for therapeutics to treat chemoresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifzur Rahman Siddique
- Department of Molecular Chemoprevention and Therapeutics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aijaz Parray
- Department of Molecular Chemoprevention and Therapeutics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rohinton S. Tarapore
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cell Death and Cancer Genetics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - R. Jeffery Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yibin Deng
- Department of Cell Death and Cancer Genetics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Badrinath R. Konety
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Molecular Chemoprevention and Therapeutics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ma L, Wang H, Yao H, Zhu L, Liu W, Zhou Z. Bmi1 expression in oral lichen planus and the risk of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 17:327-30. [PMID: 23639414 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a potentially malignant disorder associated with an increased risk of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objective of this study was to determine protein expression of cancer stem cell factor Bmi1 in a longitudinal series of patients with OLP and evaluate the correlation between Bmi1 expression and the risk of progression to OSCC. In a retrospective study, Bmi1 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in samples from 96 patients with OLP who received a mean follow-up of 54 months, including patients who did not progress to OSCC (n=87) and patients who had progressed to OSCC (n=9). Analysis of 10 cases of normal oral mucosa and 6 cases of postmalignant OSCC form previously diagnosed OLP was also performed. The results showed that Bmi1 expression was observed in 32 (36.8%) of 87 cases of nonprogressing OLP and in 8 (88.9%) of 9 cases of progressing OLP. Bmi1 was not expressed in normal oral mucosa, but it was positively expressed in the 6 (100%) cases of OSCC. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of malignant progression in the patients with Bmi1-positive expression was significantly higher than those with Bmi1 negativity (odds ratio, 20.75; 95% confidence interval, 2.21-194.57; P=.008). Collectively, Bmi1 expression was significantly associated with malignant transformation in a large series of patients with OLP who received a longitudinal observation. Our findings suggested that Bmi1 may serve as a useful marker for the identification of a high risk of malignant progression of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ma
- School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Züllig L, Roessle M, Weber C, Graf N, Haerle SK, Jochum W, Stoeckli SJ, Moch H, Huber GF. High sex determining region Y-box 2 expression is a negative predictor of occult lymph node metastasis in early squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:1915-22. [PMID: 23414798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2) (3q26.3-q27) has been recently identified as a recurrently activated major oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma of various sites. Its prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is currently unclear. AIM To correlate SOX2 protein expression with the occurrence of occult lymph node metastasis and relapse free survival in early oral SCC. METHODS SOX2 expression in 120 T1/T2 oral SCC patients was evaluated using a tissue microarray technique. Intensity of SOX2 expression was quantified by assessing the Intensity/Reactivity Scores (IRSs). These scores were correlated with the lymph node status of biopsied sentinel lymph nodes and recurrence. Log rank univariate and Cox regression multivariate analysis was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Twenty-six of 120 primary tumours (21.7%) showed high SOX2 expression. High expression levels of SOX2 significantly correlated with negative lymph node status in univariate (p=0.001) and multivariate analysis (p=0.003). Sensitivity was found to be 95.6% with a negative predictive value of 92.3%. Specificity was 32% with a positive predictive value of 45.7%. CONCLUSION SOX2 up-regulation is frequent in early SCC of the oral cavity and associated with decreased risk of lymphatic metastasis. SOX2 immunohistochemistry may be used as a predictor for lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Züllig
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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Ferrándiz-Pulido C, Masferrer E, de Torres I, Lloveras B, Hernandez-Losa J, Mojal S, Salvador C, Morote J, Ramon y Cajal S, Pujol RM, Garcia-Patos V, Toll A. Identification and genotyping of human papillomavirus in a Spanish cohort of penile squamous cell carcinomas: Correlation with pathologic subtypes, p16INK4a expression, and prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 68:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chuang CY, Sung WW, Wang L, Lin WL, Yeh KT, Su MC, Hsin CH, Lee SY, Wu BC, Cheng YW, Lee H. Differential impact of IL-10 expression on survival and relapse between HPV16-positive and -negative oral squamous cell carcinomas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47541. [PMID: 23118878 PMCID: PMC3485273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor in a subset of oropharyngeal cancer; however, the contribution of HPV in the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) is not fully understood in Taiwanese. Herein, 61 patients with no risk factors and 117 patients with one or more risk factors were enrolled in this study. HPV16/18 infection rate in non-smokers, non-drinkers and non-betel quid chewers was higher than their counterparts. The development of HPV-infected cancer has been shown to be associated with interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression. To this end, IL-10 mRNA expression in OSCC tumors was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Data showed that HPV-positive patients had higher IL-10 mRNA levels than in HPV-negative patients. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression analysis indicated that the prognostic significance of IL-10 mRNA on overall survival and relapse free survival was only observed in HPV-positive OSCC, but not in HPV-negative OSCC. Mechanistically, the elevation of IL-10 by E6 was responsible for increased colony formation and migration capability in OSCC cells. Therefore, we suggest that IL-10 induced by E6 promotes cell growth and migration capability and consequent poor survival and relapse in HPV-positive OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Chuang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lee Wang
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wea-Long Lin
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kun-Tu Yeh
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mao-Chang Su
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Han Hsin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shiann-Yann Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Buor-Chang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huei Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Toxicology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Allegra E, Puzzo L, Zuccalà V, Trapasso S, Vasquez E, Garozzo A, Caltabiano R. Nuclear BMI-1 expression in laryngeal carcinoma correlates with lymph node pathological status. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:206. [PMID: 23031716 PMCID: PMC3500717 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main cause of treatment failure and death in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. The current clinical staging criteria fail to differentiate patients with occult metastasis from patients without metastasis. Identifying molecular markers of the disease might improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma and may help improve clinical staging and treatment. METHODS Sixty-four previously untreated patients who underwent surgical excision of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with neck dissection were included in this study. The expression of B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) was examined immunohistochemically on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tissue specimens. RESULTS Nuclear expression of BMI-1 (nBMI-1) was detected in 32 of the 64 tumors (50%), cytoplasmic expression of BMI-1 (cBMI-1) was detected in 22 (34.4%), and 10 tumors (15.6%) showed no BMI-1 immunoreactivity. High nBMI-1 expression levels (≥ 10) were detected in 28 of the 32 (87.5%) nBMI-1-positive patients. Multivariate analysis including age at diagnosis, grade, tumor location, TNM status, and nBMI-1 expression showed that a high nBMI-1 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION The expression of BMI-1 in patients with laryngeal carcinoma seems to correlate with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Allegra
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lidia Puzzo
- Department of Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Zuccalà
- Department of Pathology, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Serena Trapasso
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Vasquez
- Department of Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo Garozzo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Allegra E, Caltabiano R, Amorosi A, Vasquez E, Garozzo A, Puzzo L. Expression of BMI1 and p16 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2012; 35:847-51. [PMID: 22730165 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical evolution of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is undetectable with the current staging criteria. To more completely understand the biology of laryngeal SCC, we assessed the expression of the proteins B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) and p16. METHODS We assessed immunohistochemically the expression of BMI1 and p16 in 25 laryngeal SCCs at different stages. RESULTS High BMI1 expression was detected in 11.7% of glottic tumors and in 50% of supraglottic tumors. No significant differences were observed in the patients' clinical data after they were stratified by the tumor expression of p16. The expression of nuclear BMI1 in the absence of p16 immunoreactivity correlated significantly with the pN status of the primary tumors. CONCLUSION Nuclear BMI1 expression in the absence of p16 expression seems to characterize a subset of patients with a high risk of developing lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Allegra
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy.
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Siddique HR, Saleem M. Role of BMI1, a stem cell factor, in cancer recurrence and chemoresistance: preclinical and clinical evidences. Stem Cells 2012; 30:372-8. [PMID: 22252887 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that a variety of cancers arise from transformation of normal stem cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are thought to sustain cancer progression, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence after therapy. Reports suggest that CSCs are highly resistant to conventional therapy. Emerging evidences show that the chemoresistance of CSCs are in part due to the activation of B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1), a stem cell factor, and a polycomb group family member. BMI1 is reported to regulate the proliferation activity of normal, stem, and progenitor cells. BMI1 plays a role in cell cycle, cell immortalization, and senescence. Numerous studies demonstrate that BMI1, which is upregulated in a variety of cancers, has a positive correlation with clinical grade/stage and poor prognosis. Although evidences are in support of the role of BMI1 as a factor in chemoresistance displayed by CSCs, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this review, we provide summary of evidences (with mechanism of action established) suggesting the significance of BMI1 in chemoresistance and recurrence of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifzur Rahman Siddique
- Department of Molecular Chemoprevention and Therapeutics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
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