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van der Wijngaart H, Beekhof R, Knol JC, Henneman AA, de Goeij-de Haas R, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Jimenez CR, Verheul HMW, Labots M. Candidate biomarkers for treatment benefit from sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma using mass spectrometry-based (phospho)proteomics. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:49. [PMID: 37940875 PMCID: PMC10631096 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is an effective first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hypothesizing that a functional read-out by mass spectrometry-based (phospho, p-)proteomics will identify predictive biomarkers for treatment outcome of sunitinib, tumor tissues of 26 RCC patients were analyzed. Eight patients had primary resistant (RES) and 18 sensitive (SENS) RCC. A 78 phosphosite signature (p < 0.05, fold-change > 2) was identified; 22 p-sites were upregulated in RES (unique in RES: BCAR3, NOP58, EIF4A2, GDI1) and 56 in SENS (35 unique). EIF4A1/EIF4A2 were differentially expressed in RES at the (p-)proteome and, in an independent cohort, transcriptome level. Inferred kinase activity of MAPK3 (p = 0.026) and EGFR (p = 0.045) as determined by INKA was higher in SENS. Posttranslational modifications signature enrichment analysis showed that different p-site-centric signatures were enriched (p < 0.05), of which FGF1 and prolactin pathways in RES and, in SENS, vanadate and thrombin treatment pathways, were most significant. In conclusion, the RCC (phospho)proteome revealed differential p-sites and kinase activities associated with sunitinib resistance and sensitivity. Independent validation is warranted to develop an assay for upfront identification of patients who are intrinsically resistant to sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke van der Wijngaart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Beekhof
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco C Knol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex A Henneman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard de Goeij-de Haas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Labots
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wu Y, Terekhanova NV, Caravan W, Naser Al Deen N, Lal P, Chen S, Mo CK, Cao S, Li Y, Karpova A, Liu R, Zhao Y, Shinkle A, Strunilin I, Weimholt C, Sato K, Yao L, Serasanambati M, Yang X, Wyczalkowski M, Zhu H, Zhou DC, Jayasinghe RG, Mendez D, Wendl MC, Clark D, Newton C, Ruan Y, Reimers MA, Pachynski RK, Kinsinger C, Jewell S, Chan DW, Zhang H, Chaudhuri AA, Chheda MG, Humphreys BD, Mesri M, Rodriguez H, Hsieh JJ, Ding L, Chen F. Epigenetic and transcriptomic characterization reveals progression markers and essential pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1681. [PMID: 36973268 PMCID: PMC10042888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying tumor-cell-specific markers and elucidating their epigenetic regulation and spatial heterogeneity provides mechanistic insights into cancer etiology. Here, we perform snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq in 34 and 28 human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) specimens, respectively, with matched bulk proteogenomics data. By identifying 20 tumor-specific markers through a multi-omics tiered approach, we reveal an association between higher ceruloplasmin (CP) expression and reduced survival. CP knockdown, combined with spatial transcriptomics, suggests a role for CP in regulating hyalinized stroma and tumor-stroma interactions in ccRCC. Intratumoral heterogeneity analysis portrays tumor cell-intrinsic inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as two distinguishing features of tumor subpopulations. Finally, BAP1 mutations are associated with widespread reduction of chromatin accessibility, while PBRM1 mutations generally increase accessibility, with the former affecting five times more accessible peaks than the latter. These integrated analyses reveal the cellular architecture of ccRCC, providing insights into key markers and pathways in ccRCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Wu
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Terekhanova
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Wagma Caravan
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Nataly Naser Al Deen
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Preet Lal
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Siqi Chen
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Chia-Kuei Mo
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Alla Karpova
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Ruiyang Liu
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew Shinkle
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Ilya Strunilin
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kazuhito Sato
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Mamatha Serasanambati
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Wyczalkowski
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Houxiang Zhu
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Daniel Cui Zhou
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Reyka G Jayasinghe
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Daniel Mendez
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - David Clark
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | | | - Yijun Ruan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Melissa A Reimers
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Russell K Pachynski
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chris Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Scott Jewell
- Van Andel Institutes, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Aadel A Chaudhuri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Feng Chen
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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3
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Rasel MSI, Mohona FA, Akter W, Kabir S, Chowdhury AA, Chowdhury JA, Hassan MA, Al Mamun A, Ghose DK, Ahmad Z, Khan FS, Bari MF, Rahman MS, Amran MS. Exploration of Site-Specific Drug Targeting-A Review on EPR-, Stimuli-, Chemical-, and Receptor-Based Approaches as Potential Drug Targeting Methods in Cancer Treatment. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9396760. [PMID: 36284633 PMCID: PMC9588330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9396760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been one of the most dominant causes of mortality globally over the last few decades. In cancer treatment, the selective targeting of tumor cells is indispensable, making it a better replacement for conventional chemotherapies by diminishing their adverse side effects. While designing a drug to be delivered selectively in the target organ, the drug development scientists should focus on various factors such as the type of cancer they are dealing with according to which drug, targeting moieties, and pharmaceutical carriers should be targeted. All published articles have been collected regarding cancer and drug-targeting approaches from well reputed databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, and Springer. The articles published between January 2010 and December 2020 were considered. Due to the existence of various mechanisms, it is challenging to choose which one is appropriate for a specific case. Moreover, a combination of more than one approach is often utilized to achieve optimal drug effects. In this review, we have summarized and highlighted central mechanisms of how the targeted drug delivery system works in the specific diseased microenvironment, along with the strategies to make an approach more effective. We have also included some pictorial illustrations to have a precise idea about different types of drug targeting. The core contribution of this work includes providing a cancer drug development scientist with a broad preliminary idea to choose the appropriate approach among the various targeted drug delivery mechanisms. Also, the study will contribute to improving anticancer treatment approaches by providing a pathway for lesser side effects observed in conventional chemotherapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shamiul Islam Rasel
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Afrin Mohona
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Wahida Akter
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Shaila Kabir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Asad Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abul Hassan
- Department of Science & Technology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China
| | - Dipayon Krisna Ghose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhat S. Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Fazlul Bari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shah Amran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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4
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In Vitro Characterization of Renal Drug Transporter Activity in Kidney Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710177. [PMID: 36077583 PMCID: PMC9456511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of drug transporters is central to the secretory function of the kidneys and a defining feature of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs). The expression, regulation, and function of these membrane-bound proteins is well understood under normal renal physiological conditions. However, the impact of drug transporters on the pathophysiology of kidney cancer is still elusive. In the present study, we employed different renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines and a prototypical non-malignant RPTEC cell line to characterize the activity, expression, and potential regulatory mechanisms of relevant renal drug transporters in RCC in vitro. An analysis of the uptake and efflux activity, the expression of drug transporters, and the evaluation of cisplatin cytotoxicity under the effects of methylation or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition showed that the RCC cells retained substantial drug transport activity. In RCC cells, P-glycoprotein was localized in the nucleus and its pharmacological inhibition enhanced cisplatin toxicity in non-malignant RPTECs. On the other hand, methylation inhibition enhanced cisplatin toxicity by upregulating the organic cation uptake activity in RCC cells. Differential effects of methylation and EGFR were observed in transporter expression, showing regulatory heterogeneity in these cells. Interestingly, the non-malignant RPTEC cell line that was used lacked the machinery responsible for organic cation transport, which reiterates the functional losses that renal cells undergo in vitro.
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Fukushima H, Turkbey B, Pinto PA, Furusawa A, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) in Urologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2996. [PMID: 35740662 PMCID: PMC9221010 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel molecularly-targeted therapy that selectively kills cancer cells by systemically injecting an antibody-photoabsorber conjugate (APC) that binds to cancer cells, followed by the application of NIR light that drives photochemical transformations of the APC. APCs are synthesized by selecting a monoclonal antibody that binds to a receptor on a cancer cell and conjugating it to IRDye700DX silica-phthalocyanine dye. Approximately 24 h after APC administration, NIR light is delivered to the tumor, resulting in nearly-immediate necrotic cell death of cancer cells while causing no harm to normal tissues. In addition, NIR-PIT induces a strong immunologic effect, activating anti-cancer immunity that can be further boosted when combined with either immune checkpoint inhibitors or immune suppressive cell-targeted (e.g., regulatory T cells) NIR-PIT. Currently, a global phase III study of NIR-PIT in recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is ongoing. The first APC and NIR laser systems were approved for clinical use in September 2020 in Japan. In the near future, the clinical applications of NIR-PIT will expand to other cancers, including urologic cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of NIR-PIT and its possible applications in urologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukushima
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Peter A. Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.F.); (B.T.); (A.F.); (P.L.C.)
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Argenziano M, Arpicco S, Brusa P, Cavalli R, Chirio D, Dosio F, Gallarate M, Peira E, Stella B, Ugazio E. Developing Actively Targeted Nanoparticles to Fight Cancer: Focus on Italian Research. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101538. [PMID: 34683830 PMCID: PMC8540327 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Active targeting is a valuable and promising approach with which to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of nanodelivery systems, and the development of tumor-targeted nanoparticles has therefore attracted much research attention. In this field, the research carried out in Italian Pharmaceutical Technology academic groups has been focused on the development of actively targeted nanosystems using a multidisciplinary approach. To highlight these efforts, this review reports a thorough description of the last 10 years of Italian research results on the development of actively targeted nanoparticles to direct drugs towards different receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells or in the tumor microenvironment. In particular, the review discusses polymeric nanocarriers, liposomes, lipoplexes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, squalene nanoassemblies and nanobubbles. For each nanocarrier, the main ligands, conjugation strategies and target receptors are described. The literature indicates that polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes stand out as key tools for improving specific drug delivery to the site of action. In addition, solid lipid nanoparticles, squalene nanoparticles and nanobubbles have also been successfully proposed. Taken together, these strategies all offer many platforms for the design of nanocarriers that are suitable for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-011-670-6668 (S.A.); +39-011-670-7194 (M.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Gallarate
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (M.G.); Tel.: +39-011-670-6668 (S.A.); +39-011-670-7194 (M.G.)
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Muroni MR, Ribback S, Sotgiu G, Kroeger N, Saderi L, Angius A, Cossu-Rocca P, De Miglio MR. Prognostic Impact of Membranous/Nuclear Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Localization in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168747. [PMID: 34445451 PMCID: PMC8395723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR is overexpressed in the majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CCRCCs). Although EGFR deregulation was found to be of great significance in CCRCC biology, the EGFR overexpression is not associated with EGFR-targeted therapy responsiveness. Moreover, the prognostic role of EGFR expression remains controversial. In the present study, we evaluated the role played by EGFR overexpression in CCRCC and its prognostic significance associated with different immunohistochemical localization patterns. In our study, the Total Score (TS) related to membranous-cytoplasmic EGFR expression showed a significant correlation with grade, pathologic stage (pT), and Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis (SSIGN) score, and a negative correlation with nuclear EGFR expression. No significant correlations were shown between nuclear EGFR and clinic-pathological features. Additionally, a correlation between SGLT1 expression levels and pT was described. Multivariate analysis identifies pT and SSIGN score as independent prognostic factors for CCRCC. A significantly increased survival rate was found in the case of positive expression of nuclear EGFR and SGLT1. Based on our findings, SGLT1 and nuclear EGFR overexpression defines a subgroup of CCRCC patients with good prognosis. Membranous-cytoplasmic EGFR expression was shown to be a poor prognostic factor and could define a CCRCC subgroup with poor prognosis that should be responsive to anti-EGFR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Muroni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institut fuer Pathologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23e, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Nils Kroeger
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Urologie, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Laura Saderi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
| | - Andrea Angius
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Cittadella Universitaria di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.R.D.M.); Tel.: +39-0706754543 (A.A.); +39-079228016 (M.R.D.M.)
| | - Paolo Cossu-Rocca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Services, “Giovanni Paolo II” Hospital, ASSL Olbia-ATS Sardegna, 07026 Olbia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria De Miglio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via P. Manzella, 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.R.M.); (G.S.); (L.S.); (P.C.-R.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.R.D.M.); Tel.: +39-0706754543 (A.A.); +39-079228016 (M.R.D.M.)
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8
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Akhter MH, Beg S, Tarique M, Malik A, Afaq S, Choudhry H, Hosawi S. Receptor-based targeting of engineered nanocarrier against solid tumors: Recent progress and challenges ahead. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129777. [PMID: 33130062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background In past few decades, the research on engineered nanocarriers (NCs) has gained significant attention in cancer therapy due to selective delivery of drug molecules on the diseased cells thereby preventing unwanted uptake into healthy cells to cause toxicity. Scope of review The applicability of enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for the delivery of nanomedicines in cancer therapy has gained limited success due to poor accessibility of the drugs to the target cells where non-specific payload delivery to the off target region lack substantial reward over the conventional therapeutic systems. Major conclusions In spite of the fact, nanomedicines fabricated from the biocompatible nanocarriers have reduced targeting potential for meaningful clinical benefits. However, over expression of receptors on the tumor cells provides opportunity to design functional nanomedicine to bind substantially and deliver therapeutics to the cells or tissues of interest by alleviating the bio-toxicity and unwanted effects. This critique will give insight into the over expressed receptor in various tumor and targeting potential of functional nanomedicine as new therapeutic avenues for effective treatment. General significance This review shortly shed light on EPR-based drug targeting using nanomedicinal strategies, their limitation, and advances in therapeutic targeting to the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habban Akhter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammed Tarique
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshi Malik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Afaq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao E, Tan Y, Geng B, Kang C, Li X. PTRF/CAVIN1, regulated by SHC1 through the EGFR pathway, is found in urine exosomes as a potential biomarker of ccRCC. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:274-283. [PMID: 31605605 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF)/Cavin1 regulates RNA polymerase I during transcription and plays a critical role in endocytosis. Abnormal expressions of PTRF were detected in multiple cancers according to increasing research. PTRF has been showed to involve in the formation and secretion of exosomes and can be detected in the exosomes, which suggests that PTRF would be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) using urine samples. Approximately 50-90% of ccRCC cases suffered abnormal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which activates a variety of signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt pathway. According to bioinformatic analysis of gene expression arrays of kidney clear cell carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we found SHC1 was significantly overexpressed in high-grade ccRCC and correlated to poor prognosis, and also SHC1 was annotated in extracellular matrix process, which was regulated by EGFR. Further studies showed that the expression of PTRF was regulated by SHC1 through EGFR-Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt pathway. PTRF was detected in the exosomes isolated from ccRCC patients' urine and ccRCC cancer cells culture medium. It suggested that the abnormal SHC1-increased PTRF, which is detected in exosomes from urine, would be a potential marker for ccRCC diagnose and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Enyang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Bo Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Liu C, Liu L, Wang K, Li XF, Ge LY, Ma RZ, Fan YD, Li LC, Liu ZF, Qiu M, Hao YC, Shi ZF, Xia CY, Strååt K, Huang Y, Ma LL, Xu D. VHL-HIF-2α axis-induced SMYD3 upregulation drives renal cell carcinoma progression via direct trans-activation of EGFR. Oncogene 2020; 39:4286-4298. [PMID: 32291411 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that the von Hippel-Lindau/hypoxia-inducible factor α (VHL-HIFα) axis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, few studies have addressed the relationship between the two oncogenic drivers in RCC. SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) is a histone methyltransferase involved in gene transcription and oncogenesis, but its expression and function in RCC remain unclear. In the present study, we found that SMYD3 expression was significantly elevated in RCC tumors and correlated with advanced tumor stage, histological and nuclear grade, and shorter survival. Depletion of SMYD3 inhibited RCC cell proliferation, colony numbers, and xenograft tumor formation, while promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, SMYD3 cooperates with SP1 to transcriptionally promote EGFR expression, amplifying its downstream signaling activity. TCGA data analyses revealed a significantly increased SMYD3 expression in primary RCC tumors carrying the loss-of-function VHL mutations. We further showed that HIF-2α can directly bind to the SMYD3 promoter and subsequently induced SMYD3 transcription and expression. Taken together, we identify the VHL/HIF-2α/SMYD3 signaling cascade-mediated EGFR hyperactivity through which SMYD3 promotes RCC progression. Our study suggests that SMYD3 is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Liu
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Lab for Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Yuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Run-Zhuo Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Dong Fan
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lu-Chao Li
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng-Fang Liu
- Department of Urology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Chang Hao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Shi
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chuan-You Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Bioclinicum and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Strååt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Bioclinicum and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Lin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Bioclinicum and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska Institute-Shandong University Collaborative Laboratory for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Jinan, China
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11
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Dhondt B, Geeurickx E, Tulkens J, Van Deun J, Vergauwen G, Lippens L, Miinalainen I, Rappu P, Heino J, Ost P, Lumen N, De Wever O, Hendrix A. Unravelling the proteomic landscape of extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer by density-based fractionation of urine. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1736935. [PMID: 32284825 PMCID: PMC7144211 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1736935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are increasingly being recognized as important vehicles of intercellular communication and promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer. Despite this enormous clinical potential, the plethora of methods to separate EV from biofluids, providing material of highly variable purity, and lacking knowledge regarding methodological repeatability pose a barrier to clinical translation. Urine is considered an ideal proximal fluid for the study of EV in urological cancers due to its direct contact with the urogenital system. We demonstrate that density-based fractionation of urine by bottom-up Optiprep density gradient centrifugation separates EV and soluble proteins with high specificity and repeatability. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of urinary EV (uEV) in men with benign and malignant prostate disease allowed us to significantly expand the known human uEV proteome with high specificity and identifies a unique biological profile in prostate cancer not uncovered by the analysis of soluble proteins. In addition, profiling the proteome of EV separated from prostate tumour conditioned medium and matched uEV confirms the specificity of the identified uEV proteome for prostate cancer. Finally, a comparative proteomic analysis with uEV from patients with bladder and renal cancer provided additional evidence of the selective enrichment of protein signatures in uEV reflecting their respective cancer tissues of origin. In conclusion, this study identifies hundreds of previously undetected proteins in uEV of prostate cancer patients and provides a powerful toolbox to map uEV content and contaminants ultimately allowing biomarker discovery in urological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Dhondt
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edward Geeurickx
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joeri Tulkens
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Deun
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Vergauwen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Lippens
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilkka Miinalainen
- Biocenter Oulu, Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Rappu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Piet Ost
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolaas Lumen
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Stella GM, Kolling S, Benvenuti S, Bortolotto C. Lung-Seeking Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1010. [PMID: 31330946 PMCID: PMC6678078 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases from different cancer types most often affect the lung parenchyma. Moreover, the lungs are among the most frequent sites of growth of metastatic masses of uncertain/unknown lineage of origin. Thus, with regards to pulmonary neoplastic parenchymal nodules, the critical issue is to determine if they are IN the lung or OF the lung. In this review, we highlight the clinical, instrumental and molecular features which characterize lung metastases, mainly focusing on recently advancing and emerging concepts regarding the metastatic niche, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune modulation and gene expression. A novel issue is related to the analysis of biomechanical forces which cooperate in the expansion of tumor masses in the lungs. We here aim to analyze the biological, genetic and pathological features of metastatic lesions to the lungs, here referred to as site of metastatic growth. This point should be a crucial part of the algorithm for a proper diagnostic and therapeutic approach in the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M Stella
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Unit of Respiratory System Diseases, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Benvenuti
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics and Exploratory Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Identification of EGFR as a Novel Key Gene in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) through Bioinformatics Analysis and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6480865. [PMID: 30895194 PMCID: PMC6393869 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6480865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) was the most aggressive histological type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and accounted for 70-80% of cases of all RCC. The aim of this study was to identify the potential biomarker in ccRCC and explore their underlying mechanisms. Four profile datasets were downloaded from the GEO database to identify DEGs. GO and KEGG analysis of DEGs were performed by DAVID. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to predict hub genes. The hub gene expression within ccRCC across multiple datasets and the overall survival analysis were investigated utilizing the Oncomine Platform and UALCAN dataset, separately. A meta-analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the hub genes: EGFR and ccRCC. 127 DEGs (55 upregulated genes and 72 downregulated genes) were identified from four profile datasets. Integrating the result from PPI network, Oncomine Platform, and survival analysis, EGFR, FLT1, and EDN1 were screened as key factors in the prognosis of ccRCC. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that 127 DEGs were mainly enriched in 21 terms and 4 pathways. The meta-analysis showed that there was a significant difference of EGFR expression between ccRCC tissues and normal tissues, and the expression of EGFR in patients with metastasis was higher. This study identified 3 importance genes (EGFR, FLT1, and EDN1) in ccRCC, and EGFR may be a potential prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target for ccRCC, especially patients with metastasis.
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14
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Kong Y, Yu T. A graph-embedded deep feedforward network for disease outcome classification and feature selection using gene expression data. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:3727-3737. [PMID: 29850911 PMCID: PMC6198851 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Gene expression data represents a unique challenge in predictive model building, because of the small number of samples (n) compared with the huge amount of features (p). This 'n≪p' property has hampered application of deep learning techniques for disease outcome classification. Sparse learning by incorporating external gene network information could be a potential solution to this issue. Still, the problem is very challenging because (i) there are tens of thousands of features and only hundreds of training samples, (ii) the scale-free structure of the gene network is unfriendly to the setup of convolutional neural networks. Results To address these issues and build a robust classification model, we propose the Graph-Embedded Deep Feedforward Networks (GEDFN), to integrate external relational information of features into the deep neural network architecture. The method is able to achieve sparse connection between network layers to prevent overfitting. To validate the method's capability, we conducted both simulation experiments and real data analysis using a breast invasive carcinoma RNA-seq dataset and a kidney renal clear cell carcinoma RNA-seq dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The resulting high classification accuracy and easily interpretable feature selection results suggest the method is a useful addition to the current graph-guided classification models and feature selection procedures. Availability and implementation The method is available at https://github.com/yunchuankong/GEDFN. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Kong
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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15
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Roelants C, Giacosa S, Pillet C, Bussat R, Champelovier P, Bastien O, Guyon L, Arnoux V, Cochet C, Filhol O. Combined inhibition of PI3K and Src kinases demonstrates synergistic therapeutic efficacy in clear-cell renal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30066-30078. [PMID: 30046388 PMCID: PMC6059021 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent inhibitors of PI3K (GDC-0941) and Src (Saracatinib) exhibit as individual agents, excellent oral anticancer activity in preclinical models and have entered phase II clinical trials in various cancers. We found that PI3K and Src kinases are dysregulated in clear cell renal carcinomas (ccRCCs), an aggressive disease without effective targeted therapies. In this study we addressed this challenge by testing GDC-0941 and Saracatinib as either single agents or in combination in ccRCC cell lines, as well as in mouse and PDX models. Our findings demonstrate that combined inhibition of PI3K and Src impedes cell growth and invasion and induces cell death of renal carcinoma cells providing preclinical evidence for a pairwise combination of these anticancer drugs as a rational strategy to improve renal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Roelants
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Giacosa
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Pillet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1038, CEA, BIG-BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémi Bussat
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Olivier Bastien
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-CEA-INRA, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Guyon
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Valentin Arnoux
- Centre Hospitalier Université Grenoble-Alpes, CS 10217, Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Cochet
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Odile Filhol
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Inserm U1036, CEA, BIG-BCI, Grenoble, France
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16
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Isik Z, Ercan ME. Integration of RNA-Seq and RPPA data for survival time prediction in cancer patients. Comput Biol Med 2017; 89:397-404. [PMID: 28869900 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Integration of several types of patient data in a computational framework can accelerate the identification of more reliable biomarkers, especially for prognostic purposes. This study aims to identify biomarkers that can successfully predict the potential survival time of a cancer patient by integrating the transcriptomic (RNA-Seq), proteomic (RPPA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. The proposed method -RPBioNet- employs a random walk-based algorithm that works on a PPI network to identify a limited number of protein biomarkers. Later, the method uses gene expression measurements of the selected biomarkers to train a classifier for the survival time prediction of patients. RPBioNet was applied to classify kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients based on their survival time classes (long- or short-term). The RPBioNet method correctly identified the survival time classes of patients with between 66% and 78% average accuracy for three data sets. RPBioNet operates with only 20 to 50 biomarkers and can achieve on average 6% higher accuracy compared to the closest alternative method, which uses only RNA-Seq data in the biomarker selection. Further analysis of the most predictive biomarkers highlighted genes that are common for both cancer types, as they may be driver proteins responsible for cancer progression. The novelty of this study is the integration of a PPI network with mRNA and protein expression data to identify more accurate prognostic biomarkers that can be used for clinical purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Isik
- Computer Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi, 35160, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Muserref Ece Ercan
- Computer Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylul Universitesi, 35160, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Feng ZH, Fang Y, Zhao LY, Lu J, Wang YQ, Chen ZH, Huang Y, Wei JH, Liang YP, Cen JJ, Pan YH, Liao B, Chen W, Luo JH. RIN1 promotes renal cell carcinoma malignancy by activating EGFR signaling through Rab25. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1620-1627. [PMID: 28612496 PMCID: PMC5543468 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the important role of RIN1 expression in the prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The role of RIN1 in ccRCC malignancy and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that ccRCC cells and tissues expressed more RIN1 than normal controls. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies demonstrated that RIN1 enhanced ccRCC cell growth, migration and invasion abilities in vitro and promoted tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that RIN1 has an activating effect on EGFR signaling in ccRCC. In addition, we unveil Rab25, a critical GTPase in ccRCC malignancy, as a functional RIN1 interacting partner. Knockdown of Rab25 eliminated the augmentation of carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by ectopic RIN1. We also confirmed that RIN1 and Rab25 expression correlates with the overall‐survival of ccRCC patients from TCGA. These findings suggest that RIN1 plays an important oncogenic role in ccRCC malignancy by activation of EGFR signaling through interacting with Rab25, and RIN1 could be employed as an effective therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Feng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Qian Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Huan Wei
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Ping Liang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Jie Cen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Hui Pan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Liao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Hang Luo
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Tasaki S, Horiguchi A, Asano T, Ito K, Asano T, Asakura H. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the growth and invasion of renal cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1146-1152. [PMID: 28810571 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has a variety of anti-tumor activities. The present study examined the anti-tumor activity of DHA in renal cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms of action. The effects of DHA on the viability and proliferation of the human renal cancer cell lines Caki-1 and 786-O were examined by an MTS assay and cell counting. In addition, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and Annexin V staining, and modulation of cell mobility and invasiveness was assessed by wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays. Effects of DHA on intracellular signaling pathways were also analyzed by western blotting. It was observed that DHA significantly reduced the viability and proliferation of Caki-1 and 786-O cells (P<0.01). Specifically, there were increases in the sub-G1 and G2/M cell populations, as well as the percentages of cells exhibiting Annexin-positive and propidium-iodide-negative staining. In addition, the covered area in a wound and the number of cells invading through a Matrigel chamber decreased when Caki-1 or 786-O cells were treated with DHA. Phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor was also upregulated following DHA treatment, while phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and Akt was downregulated. Collectively, these data suggest that DHA may be useful in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tasaki
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.,Department of Urology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Akio Horiguchi
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Asakura
- Department of Urology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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19
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Yamaguchi R, Perkins G. Deconstructing Signaling Pathways in Cancer for Optimizing Cancer Combination Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMCID: PMC5486080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A single cancer cell left behind after surgery and/or chemotherapy could cause a recurrence of cancer. It is our belief that the failure of chemotherapies is the failure to induce apoptosis in all cancer cells. Given the extraordinary heterogeneity of cancer, it is very difficult to eliminate all cancer cells with a single agent targeting a particular gene product. Furthermore, combinations of any two or three agents exhibiting some proven efficacy on a particular cancer type have not fared better, often compounding adverse effects without evidence of expected synergistic effects. Thus, it is imperative that a way be found to select candidates that when combined, will (1) synergize, making the combination therapy greater than the sum of its parts, and (2) target all the cancer cells in a patient. In this article, we discuss our experience and relation to current evidence in the cancer treatment literature in which, by deconstructing signaling networks, we have identified a lynchpin that connects the growth signals present in cancer with mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways. By targeting this lynchpin, we have added a key component to a combination therapy that sensitizes cancer cells for apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Yamaguchi
- Department of Anesthesia, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-804-2685
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
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20
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Landolt L, Eikrem Ø, Strauss P, Scherer A, Lovett DH, Beisland C, Finne K, Osman T, Ibrahim MM, Gausdal G, Ahmed L, Lorens JB, Thiery JP, Tan TZ, Sekulic M, Marti HP. Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma is linked to Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and to Fibrosis. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13305. [PMID: 28596300 PMCID: PMC5471444 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the most common type of kidney cancer with high mortality in its advanced stages. Our study aim was to explore the correlation between tumor epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and patient survival. Renal biopsies of tumorous and adjacent nontumorous tissue were taken with a 16 g needle from our patients (n = 26) undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy due to ccRCC RNA sequencing libraries were generated using Illumina TruSeq® Access library preparation protocol and TruSeq Small RNA library preparation kit. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on Illumina HiSeq2500. Comparative analysis of matched sample pairs was done using the Bioconductor Limma/voom R-package. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry were applied to measure and visualize protein abundance. We detected an increased generic EMT transcript score in ccRCC Gene expression analysis showed augmented abundance of AXL and MMP14, as well as down-regulated expression of KL (klotho). Moreover, microRNA analyses demonstrated a positive expression correlation of miR-34a and its targets MMP14 and AXL Survival analysis based on a subset of genes from our list EMT-related genes in a publicly available dataset showed that the EMT genes correlated with ccRCC patient survival. Several of these genes also play a known role in fibrosis. Accordingly, recently published classifiers of solid organ fibrosis correctly identified EMT-affected tumor samples and were correlated with patient survival. EMT in ccRCC linked to fibrosis is associated with worse survival and may represent a target for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Landolt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Eikrem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Philipp Strauss
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andreas Scherer
- Spheromics, Kontiolahti, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David H Lovett
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco VAMC University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christian Beisland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Finne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tarig Osman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - James B Lorens
- BerGenBio AS, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Center for Cancer Biomarkers University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Department of Biomedicine, Center for Cancer Biomarkers University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology Gustave Roussy EPHE Fac. de médecine-Univ. Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miroslav Sekulic
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Cheung PW, Nomura N, Nair AV, Pathomthongtaweechai N, Ueberdiek L, Lu HAJ, Brown D, Bouley R. EGF Receptor Inhibition by Erlotinib Increases Aquaporin 2-Mediated Renal Water Reabsorption. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3105-3116. [PMID: 27694161 PMCID: PMC5042667 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is caused by impairment of vasopressin (VP) receptor type 2 signaling. Because potential therapies for NDI that target the canonical VP/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway have so far proven ineffective, alternative strategies for modulating aquaporin 2 (AQP2) trafficking have been sought. Successful identification of compounds by our high-throughput chemical screening assay prompted us to determine whether EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors stimulate AQP2 trafficking and reduce urine output. Erlotinib, a selective EGFR inhibitor, enhanced AQP2 apical membrane expression in collecting duct principal cells and reduced urine volume by 45% after 5 days of treatment in mice with lithium-induced NDI. Similar to VP, erlotinib increased exocytosis and decreased endocytosis in LLC-PK1 cells, resulting in a significant increase in AQP2 membrane accumulation. Erlotinib increased phosphorylation of AQP2 at Ser-256 and Ser-269 and decreased phosphorylation at Ser-261 in a dose-dependent manner. However, unlike VP, the effect of erlotinib was independent of cAMP, cGMP, and protein kinase A. Conversely, EGF reduced VP-induced AQP2 Ser-256 phosphorylation, suggesting crosstalk between VP and EGF in AQP2 trafficking and a role of EGF in water homeostasis. These results reveal a novel pathway that contributes to the regulation of AQP2-mediated water reabsorption and suggest new potential therapeutic strategies for NDI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui W Cheung
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naohiro Nomura
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anil V Nair
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nutthapoom Pathomthongtaweechai
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lars Ueberdiek
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hua A Jenny Lu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dennis Brown
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Bouley
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Repurposing the anti-malarial drug artesunate as a novel therapeutic agent for metastatic renal cell carcinoma due to its attenuation of tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33046-64. [PMID: 26426994 PMCID: PMC4741748 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the development of molecularly targeted therapies, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still incurable. Artesunate (ART), a well-known anti-malarial drug with low toxicity, exhibits highly selective anti-tumor actions against various tumors through generation of cytotoxic carbon-centered free radical in the presence of free iron. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ART against metastatic RCC has not yet been fully elucidated. In the analysis on a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 469) and a tissue microarray set from Samsung Medical Center (n = 119) from a cohort of patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC), up-regulation of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which is a well-known predictive marker for ART, was correlated with the presence of distant metastasis and an unfavorable prognosis. Moreover, ART exerted potent selective cytotoxicity against human RCC cell lines (Caki-1, 786-O, and SN12C-GFP-SRLu2) and sensitized these cells to sorafenib in vitro, and the extent of ART cytotoxicity correlated with TfR1 expression. ART-mediated growth inhibition of human RCC cell lines was shown to result from the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and oncosis-like cell death. Furthermore, ART inhibited cell clonogenicity and invasion of human RCC cells and anti-angiogenic effects in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with these in vitro data, anti-tumor, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects of ART were also validated in human 786-O xenografts. Taken together, ART is a promising novel candidate for treating human RCC, either alone or in combination with other therapies.
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23
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Haake SM, Li J, Bai Y, Kinose F, Fang B, Welsh EA, Zent R, Dhillon J, Pow-Sang JM, Chen YA, Koomen JM, Rathmell WK, Fishman M, Haura EB. Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Clear Cell and Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Revealed by Mass Spectrometry-Based Phosphotyrosine Proteomics. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5605-5616. [PMID: 27220961 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted therapies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are limited by acquired resistance. Novel therapeutic targets are needed to combat resistance and, ideally, target the unique biology of RCC subtypes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tyrosine kinases provide critical oncogenic signaling and their inhibition has significantly impacted cancer care. To describe a landscape of tyrosine kinase activity in RCC that could inform novel therapeutic strategies, we performed a mass spectrometry-based system-wide survey of tyrosine phosphorylation in 10 RCC cell lines as well as 15 clear cell and 15 papillary RCC human tumors. To prioritize identified tyrosine kinases for further analysis, a 63 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drug screen was performed. RESULTS Among the cell lines, 28 unique tyrosine phosphosites were identified across 19 kinases and phosphatases including EGFR, MET, JAK2, and FAK in nearly all samples. Multiple FAK TKIs decreased cell viability by at least 50% and inhibited RCC cell line adhesion, invasion, and proliferation. Among the tumors, 49 unique tyrosine phosphosites were identified across 44 kinases and phosphatases. FAK pY576/7 was found in all tumors and many cell lines, whereas DDR1 pY792/6 was preferentially enriched in the papillary RCC tumors. Both tyrosine kinases are capable of transmitting signals from the extracellular matrix and emerged as novel RCC therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Tyrosine kinase profiling informs novel therapeutic strategies in RCC and highlights the unique biology among kidney cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5605-16. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Haake
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric A Welsh
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jasreman Dhillon
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Julio M Pow-Sang
- Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - John M Koomen
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mayer Fishman
- Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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24
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Metabolic alterations in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:767-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Schiefer AI, Mesteri I, Berghoff AS, Haitel A, Schmidinger M, Preusser M, Birner P. Evaluation of tyrosine kinase receptors in brain metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma reveals cMet as a negative prognostic factor. Histopathology 2015; 67:799-805. [PMID: 25847631 DOI: 10.1111/his.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Brain metastases (BMs) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are associated with a dismal prognosis, with limited treatment options. Tyrosine kinases are relevant 'druggable' biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tyrosine kinase receptors anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA) and cMet in a large series of ccRCC BMs. METHODS AND RESULTS ALK, EGFR, PDGFRA and cMet protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 53 ccRCCs BMs and 12 matched primary tumours. ALK and MET gene status and copy number alterations of chromosome 7 were studied with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Data on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and Ki67 and microvessel density were available from previous studies. ALK was negative in all analysed specimens. EGFR was overexpressed in 41 of 51 (80.4%) BMs and in seven of eight primary tumours, PDGFRA was overexpressed in all BMs except one and in all primary tumours, and cMet was expressed in 26 of 50 (52%) BMs and in two of seven primary tumours, and did not correlate with MET amplification or polysomy 7. cMet was the only parameter associated with significantly shorter BM-specific survival (median 8 months versus 33 months, P = 0.005, Cox regression). CONCLUSIONS EGFR, PDGFRA and cMet are commonly overexpressed in ccRCC BMs. cMet overexpression correlates with significantly shorter BM-specific survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anna S Berghoff
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Haitel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Schmidinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Birner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Von Roemeling CA, Marlow LA, Radisky DC, Rohl A, Larsen HE, Wei J, Sasinowska H, Zhu H, Drake R, Sasinowski M, Tun HW, Copland JA. Functional genomics identifies novel genes essential for clear cell renal cell carcinoma tumor cell proliferation and migration. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5320-34. [PMID: 24979721 PMCID: PMC4170622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there is a lack of targeted therapies that lead to long-term attenuation or regression of disease in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Our group has implemented a high-throughput genetic analysis coupled with a high-throughput proliferative screen in order to investigate the genetic contributions of a large cohort of overexpressed genes at the functional level in an effort to better understand factors involved in tumor initiation and progression. Patient gene array analysis identified transcripts that are consistently elevated in patient ccRCC as compared to matched normal renal tissues. This was followed by a high-throughput lentivirus screen, independently targeting 195 overexpressed transcripts identified in the gene array in four ccRCC cell lines. This revealed 31 ‘hits’ that contribute to ccRCC cell proliferation. Many of the hits identified are not only presented in the context of ccRCC for the first time, but several have not been previously linked to cancer. We further characterize the function of a group of hits in tumor cell invasion. Taken together these findings reveal pathways that may be critical in ccRCC tumorigenicity, and identifies novel candidate factors that could serve as targets for therapeutic intervention or diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for patients with advanced ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura A Marlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Austin Rohl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Hege Ekeberg Larsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Johnny Wei
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | | | - Han W Tun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
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27
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Papillary renal cell carcinoma: A review of the current therapeutic landscape. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:100-12. [PMID: 26052049 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common cancer of the kidney and accounts for 2-3% of all adult malignancies. Clear cell carcinoma represents the most common histologic subtype, while papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC) accounts for 10-20% of all renal cell cancers. While the inactivation of VHL gene can be found in the majority of clear cell carcinomas, different molecular mechanisms are involved into pRCC biology. Mutations in the MET oncogene are an essential step into the pathogenesis of hereditary pRCC forms, but they can be found only in a small rate of sporadic cases. Several agents, including anti-VEGF drugs and mTOR inhibitors, are possible options in the treatment of advanced and metastatic pRCC, following the demonstration of efficacy obtained in clinical trials including all RCC histologic subtypes. However, data specifically obtained in the subgroup of patients affected by pRCC are limited and not conclusive. Several ongoing trials are evaluating the efficacy of targeted therapy in papillary form. However, more rationale approaches based on molecular studies would help improving the outcome of these patients. Among others, MET inhibitors and targeted immunotherapy are promising new strategies for hereditary and sporadic disease. This review summarizes current knowledge on pRCC tumorigenesis and discusses recent and ongoing clinical trials with new therapeutic agents.
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28
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Ahel J, Dordevic G, Markic D, Mozetic V, Spanjol J, Grahovac B, Stifter S. Nuclear EGFR characterize still controlled proliferation retained in better differentiated clear cell RCC. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:183-5. [PMID: 25959864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid kidney tumor representing 2-3% of all cancers, with the highest frequency occurring in Western countries. There was a worldwide and European annual increase in incidence of approximately 2% although incidence has been stabilized in last few years. One third of the patients already have metastases in the time of the diagnosis with poor prognosis because RCC are radio and chemoresistant. The prognostic value of EGFR over-expression in RCC is a controversial issue that could be explained by different histological types of study tumors and non-standardized criteria for evaluation of expression. Recent evidences points to a new mode of EGFR signaling pathway in which activated EGFR undergoes nuclear translocalization and then, as transcription factor, mediates gene expression and other cellular events required for highly proliferating activities. According to our observations, the membranous expression of EGFR associates with high nuclear grade and poor differentiated tumors. On the other hand, nuclear EGFR expression was high in low nuclear graded and well differentiated tumors with good prognosis. We hypothesize that this mode of EGFR signaling characterizes still controlled proliferation retained in well differentiated RCC with Furhman nuclear grade I or II.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahel
- Department of Urology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - G Dordevic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - D Markic
- Department of Urology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - V Mozetic
- Medico Polyclinic, Agatićeva 8, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - J Spanjol
- Department of Urology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - B Grahovac
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - S Stifter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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29
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βIII-tubulin overexpression is linked to aggressive tumor features and shortened survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol 2014; 33:1561-9. [PMID: 25527909 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-014-1463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS βIII-tubulin (TUBB3) is a microtubule component overexpression of which is found in many solid cancer types, often linked to poor patient prognosis, and has been suggested to predict failure of microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutics. This study was designed to determine prevalence and prognostic impact of TUBB3 expression in kidney cancers. METHODS AND RESULTS A tissue microarray (TMA) containing more than 1,200 renal tumors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. TUBB3 expression varied markedly between the different histological subtypes and was more frequent in 105 papillary cancers (75.2 %, p < 0.0001), 38 oncocytomas (52.6 %, p < 0.0001), and 22 chromophobic carcinomas (36.4 %, p = 0.1221) than in 555 clear cell RCC (16.4 %). In clear cell cancers, strong TUBB3 positivity was linked to high Fuhrman grade (p < 0.0001), advanced stage (0.002), nodal metastases (p = 0.0433), hematogenous metastases (p = 0.0016), and shortened overall survival (p < 0.0001). Associations with outcome and tumor phenotype were inversely for papillary RCC, where TUBB3 immunostaining was linked to low tumor stage (p = 0.0012) and prolonged survival (p = 0.0043). CONCLUSIONS TUBB3 expression levels and their effects are strikingly different between ccRCC and papillary RCC. These differences may be caused by differences in VHL function between these RCC subtypes, because VHL (like TUBB3) is another strong regulator of microtubule function.
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Kravchenko-Balasha N, Simon S, Levine RD, Remacle F, Exman I. Computational surprisal analysis speeds-up genomic characterization of cancer processes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108549. [PMID: 25405334 PMCID: PMC4236016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Surprisal analysis is increasingly being applied for the examination of transcription levels in cellular processes, towards revealing inner network structures and predicting response. But to achieve its full potential, surprisal analysis should be integrated into a wider range computational tool. The purposes of this paper are to combine surprisal analysis with other important computation procedures, such as easy manipulation of the analysis results – e.g. to choose desirable result sub-sets for further inspection –, retrieval and comparison with relevant datasets from public databases, and flexible graphical displays for heuristic thinking. The whole set of computation procedures integrated into a single practical tool is what we call Computational Surprisal Analysis. This combined kind of analysis should facilitate significantly quantitative understanding of different cellular processes for researchers, including applications in proteomics and metabolomics. Beyond that, our vision is that Computational Surprisal Analysis has the potential to reach the status of a routine method of analysis for practitioners. The resolving power of Computational Surprisal Analysis is here demonstrated by its application to a variety of cellular cancer process transcription datasets, ours and from the literature. The results provide a compact biological picture of the thermodynamic significance of the leading gene expression phenotypes in every stage of the disease. For each transcript we characterize both its inherent steady state weight, its correlation with the other transcripts and its variation due to the disease. We present a dedicated website to facilitate the analysis for researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, Division of Chemistry, Caltech, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Simcha Simon
- Software Engineering Department, The Jerusalem College of Engineering, Azrieli, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R. D. Levine
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - F. Remacle
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Département de Chimie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Iaakov Exman
- Software Engineering Department, The Jerusalem College of Engineering, Azrieli, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Identification of molecular tumor markers in renal cell carcinomas with TFE3 protein expression by RNA sequencing. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1231-40. [PMID: 24339735 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is defined by chromosomal translocations involving the TFE3 transcription factor at chromosome Xp11.2. Genetically proven TFE3 tRCCs have a broad histologic spectrum with overlapping features to other renal tumor subtypes. In this study, we aimed for characterizing RCC with TFE3 protein expression. Using next-generation whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) as a discovery tool, we analyzed fusion transcripts, gene expression profile, and somatic mutations in frozen tissue of one TFE3 tRCC. By applying a computational analysis developed to call chimeric RNA molecules from paired-end RNA-Seq data, we confirmed the known TFE3 translocation. Its fusion partner SFPQ has already been described as fusion partner in tRCCs. In addition, an RNA read-through chimera between TMED6 and COG8 as well as MET and KDR (VEGFR2) point mutations were identified. An EGFR mutation, but no chromosomal rearrangements, was identified in a control group of five clear cell RCCs (ccRCCs). The TFE3 tRCC could be clearly distinguished from the ccRCCs by RNA-Seq gene expression measurements using a previously reported tRCC gene signature. In validation experiments using reverse transcription-PCR, TMED6-COG8 chimera expression was significantly higher in nine TFE3 translocated and six TFE3-expressing/non-translocated RCCs than in 24 ccRCCs (P < .001) and 22 papillary RCCs (P < .05-.07). Immunohistochemical analysis of selected genes from the tRCC gene signature showed significantly higher eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (EEF1A2) and Contactin 3 (CNTN3) expression in 16 TFE3 translocated and six TFE3-expressing/non-translocated RCCs than in over 200 ccRCCs (P < .0001, both).
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Hung FH, Chiu HW, Chang YC. Revealing pathway maps of renal cell carcinoma by gene expression change. Comput Biol Med 2014; 51:111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Expression of the tumor suppressive miRNA-23b/27b cluster is a good prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2014; 192:1822-30. [PMID: 25014580 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We observed abnormal expression of the microRNA-23b/27b (miR-23b/27b) cluster in our previous study of miRNA expression signatures. However, the relationship between aberrant miRNA expression and clear cell renal cell carcinoma is not well established. We investigated the functional significance of the miR-23b/27b cluster in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells and evaluated these miRNAs as biomarkers to predict the risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression levels of miR-23b and miR-27b were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The association between miRNA expression and overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Gain of function assays were performed using mature miR-23b and miR-27b in the 786-O and A498 renal cell carcinoma cell lines. Targets regulated by these miRNAs were predicted by in silico analysis. RESULTS Expression of the miR-23b/27b cluster was significantly decreased in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue specimens and associated with pathological grade and stage. Significantly shorter overall survival was observed in patients with lower expression of the miR-23b/27b cluster. Restoration of miR-23b and miR-27b significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Expression of the miR-23b/27b cluster was frequently decreased in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue. Reduced expression of these miRNAs increased the risk of disease progression and predicted poor survival. Thus, miR-23b and miR-27b function as tumor suppressors, targeting several oncogenic genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells.
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Moch H, Srigley J, Delahunt B, Montironi R, Egevad L, Tan PH. Biomarkers in renal cancer. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:359-65. [PMID: 24487793 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for primary and metastatic renal cancer are increasing. Accurate data from the pathological examination of renal cancer specimens aid clinicians in stratifying patients for surveillance and adjuvant therapies. This review focuses on biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of the biologic behavior of renal tumors which should be recorded in pathology reports and which are under investigation. Special emphasis is given to the use of immunohistochemical markers in differential diagnosis of various renal tumor subtypes. The relevance of cytogenetic and molecular findings is also discussed. The review includes the 2012 International Society for Urological Pathology Consensus conference recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091, Zürich, Switzerland,
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Rössle M, Weber CS, Züllig L, Graf N, Jochum W, Stöckli SJ, Moch H, Huber GF. EGFR expression and copy number changes in low T-stage oral squamous cell carcinomas. Histopathology 2013; 63:271-8. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rössle
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Claudia S Weber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Lena Züllig
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Nicole Graf
- Clinical Trials Center; Center for Clinical Research; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen; Switzerland
| | - Sandro J Stöckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Kantonsspital St Gallen; St Gallen; Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Gerhard F Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
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Staruschenko A, Palygin O, Ilatovskaya DV, Pavlov TS. Epidermal growth factors in the kidney and relationship to hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F12-20. [PMID: 23637204 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00112.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-family bind to ErbB (EGFR)-family receptors that play an important role in the regulation of various fundamental cell processes in many organs including the kidney. In this field, most of the research efforts are focused on the role of EGF-ErbB axis in cancer biology. However, many studies indicate that abnormal ErbB-mediated signaling pathways are critical in the development of renal and cardiovascular pathologies. The kidney is a major site of the EGF-family ligands synthesis, and it has been shown to express all four members of the ErbB receptor family. The study of kidney disease regulation by ErbB receptor ligands has expanded considerably in recent years. In vitro and in vivo studies have provided direct evidence of the role of ErbB signaling in the kidney. Recent advances in the understanding of how the proteins in the EGF-family regulate sodium transport and development of hypertension are specifically discussed here. Collectively, these results suggest that EGF-ErbB signaling pathways could be major determinants in the progress of renal lesions, including its effects on the regulation of sodium reabsorption in collecting ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Metastases of renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland with synchronous benign and malignant follicular cell-derived neoplasms. Case Rep Oncol Med 2013; 2013:485025. [PMID: 23878753 PMCID: PMC3639688 DOI: 10.1155/2013/485025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is the most common origin for metastasis in the thyroid. A 51-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for a subcarinal lesion. Ten years before, the patient had undergone a nephrectomy for CCRCC. Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed elevated values in the thyroid gland, while the mediastinum was normal. An endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the mediastinal mass was consistent with CCRCC, and this was confirmed after resection. The thyroidectomy specimen also revealed lymphocytic thyroiditis, nodular hyperplasia, one follicular adenoma, two papillary microcarcinomas, and six foci of metastatic CCRCC involving both thyroid lobes. Curiously two of the six metastatic foci were located inside two adenomatoid nodules (tumor-in-tumor). The metastatic cells were positive for cytokeratins, CD10, epidermal growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. No BRAF gene mutations were found in any of the primary and metastatic lesions. The patient was treated with sunitinib and finally died due to CCRCC distant metastases 6 years after the thyroidectomy. In CCRCC patients, a particularly prolonged survival rate may be achieved with the appropriate therapy, in contrast to the ominous prognosis typically found in patients with thyroid metastases from other origins.
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38
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Casagrande S, Ruf M, Rechsteiner M, Morra L, Brun-Schmid S, von Teichman A, Krek W, Schraml P, Moch H. The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J is regulated by the pVHL-HIF axis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2013; 229:525-34. [PMID: 23007793 DOI: 10.1002/path.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry analysis of renal cancer cell lines recently suggested that the protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ), an important regulator of tyrosine kinase receptors, is tightly linked to the von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL). Therefore, we aimed to characterize the biological relevance of PTPRJ for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In pVHL-negative ccRCC cell lines, both RNA and protein expression levels of PTPRJ were lower than those in the corresponding pVHL reconstituted cells. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis of ccRCC with known VHL mutation status and normal matched tissues as well as RNA in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray (TMA) confirmed a decrease of PTPRJ expression in more than 80% of ccRCCs, but in only 12% of papillary RCCs. ccRCC patients with no or reduced PTPRJ mRNA expression had a less favourable outcome than those with a normal expression status (p = 0.05). Sequence analysis of 32 PTPRJ mRNA-negative ccRCC samples showed five known polymorphisms but no mutations, implying other mechanisms leading to PTPRJ's down-regulation. Selective silencing of HIF-α by siRNA and reporter gene assays demonstrated that pVHL inactivation reduces PTPRJ expression through a HIF-dependent mechanism, which is mainly driven by HIF-2α stabilization. Our results suggest PTPRJ as a member of a pVHL-controlled pathway whose suppression by HIF is critical for ccRCC development.
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MESH Headings
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- In Situ Hybridization
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Models, Molecular
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3/genetics
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/genetics
- Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casagrande
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Its activation results in beneficial or detrimental consequences, depending on the particular setting. Earlier studies in the animal model of acute kidney injury showed that EGFR activation promotes renal tubular cell proliferation. Activation of EGFR by its exogenous ligands, like EGF, can enhance recovery of renal function and structure following acute kidney injury. However, recent studies indicated that EGFR activation also contributes to development and progression of renal diseases in animal models of obstructive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, and glomerulonephritis through mechanisms involved in activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts, induction of tubular atrophy, overproduction of inflammatory factors, and/or promotion of glomerular and vascular injury. This review highlights the actions and mechanisms of EGFR in a variety of acute and chronic kidney injuries.
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40
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Denis CJ, Van Acker N, De Schepper S, De Bie M, Andries L, Fransen E, Hendriks D, Kockx MM, Lambeir AM. Mapping of carboxypeptidase m in normal human kidney and renal cell carcinoma: expression in tumor-associated neovasculature and macrophages. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 61:218-35. [PMID: 23172796 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412470456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the kidney generally has been regarded as an excellent source of carboxypeptidase M (CPM), little is known about its renal-specific expression level and distribution. This study provides a detailed localization of CPM in healthy and diseased human kidneys. The results indicate a broad distribution of CPM along the renal tubular structures in the healthy kidney. CPM was identified at the parietal epithelium beneath the Bowman's basement membrane and in glomerular mesangial cells. Capillaries, podocytes, and most interstitial cells were CPM negative. Tumor cells of renal cell carcinoma subtypes lose CPM expression upon dedifferentiation. Tissue microarray analysis demonstrated a correlation between low CPM expression and tumor cell type. CPM staining was intense on phagocytotic tumor-associated macrophages. Immunoreactive CPM was also detected in the tumor-associated vasculature. The absence of CPM in normal renal blood vessels points toward a role for CPM in angiogenesis. Coexistence of CPM and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was detected in papillary renal cell carcinoma. However, the different subcellular localization of CPM and EGFR argues against an interaction between these h proteins. The description of the distribution of CPM in human kidney forms the foundation for further study of the (patho)physiological activities of CPM in the kidney.
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41
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Girgis AH, Iakovlev VV, Beheshti B, Bayani J, Squire JA, Bui A, Mankaruos M, Youssef Y, Khalil B, Khella H, Pasic M, Yousef GM. Multilevel whole-genome analysis reveals candidate biomarkers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5273-84. [PMID: 22926558 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common neoplasm of the kidney. We conducted an integrated analysis of copy number, gene expression (mRNA and miRNA), protein expression, and methylation changes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We used a stepwise approach to identify the most significant copy number aberrations (CNA) and identified regions of peak and broad copy number gain and loss, including peak gains (3q21, 5q32, 5q34-q35, 7p11, 7q21, 8q24, 11q13, and 12q14) and deletions (1p36, 2q34-q37, 3p25, 4q33-q35, 6q23-q27, and 9p21). These regions harbor novel tumor-related genes and miRNAs not previously reported in renal carcinoma. Integration of genome-wide expression data and gene set enrichment analysis revealed 75 gene sets significantly altered in tumors with CNAs compared with tumors without aberration. We also identified genes located in peak CNAs with concordant methylation changes (hypomethylated in copy number gains such as STC2 and CCND1 and hypermethylated in deletions such as CLCNKB, VHL, and CDKN2A/2B). For other genes, such as CA9, expression represents the net outcome of opposing forces (deletion and hypomethylation) that also significantly influences patient survival. We also validated the prognostic value of miRNA let-7i in RCCs. miR-138, located in chromosome 3p deletion, was also found to have suppressive effects on tumor proliferation and migration abilities. Our findings provide a significant advance in the delineation of the ccRCC genome by better defining the impact of CNAs in conjunction with methylation changes on the expression of cancer-related genes, miRNAs, and proteins and their influence on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Girgis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major progress in treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has occurred in the past decade. AREAS COVERED This review reports the background on the potential implication of the EGF/EGFR pathway in RCC, the different data on EGFR positivity in RCC and results from prospective Phase II and III trials on lapatinib in RCC, along with other EGF/EGFR inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Despite important progress and the real revolution of the past decade in treatment of RCC, treatment still remains palliative most of the time. To improve treatment, it is necessary to understand whether a specific population could be selected on a molecular feature of the tumor. Until there is better knowledge of the biology, further development of drugs such as lapatinib cannot be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Gross-Goupil
- Hôpital Saint-Andre, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux University, Department of Medical Oncology, Bordeaux, France
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43
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Moch H. An overview of renal cell cancer: pathology and genetics. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 23:3-9. [PMID: 22722066 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is a group of malignancies arising from the epithelium of the renal tubules. The pattern of somatic mutations in kidney tumors has been extensively investigated. In the current 2004 WHO classification, the molecular background of a renal tumor has become, in addition to histopathology, a major criterion for tumor classification. The goal of this review is to discuss morphology and genetics of adult renal epithelial cancer included in the 2004 WHO classification and to mention renal tumor types, which are not considered in the current WHO classification. Further, pathologic considerations with clinical and prognostic implications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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