1
|
Mishra M, Verma R, Sharma A, Kumar K, Chawla R. Evaluation of Gemcitabine and Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Benzopyrene Induced Lung Cancer Model Via Intranasal Route: Improved Pharmacokinetics and Safety Profile. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:176. [PMID: 39085673 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to create a new treatment for lung cancer using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with gemcitabine (GEM) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) that can be administered through the nose. We analyzed the formulation for its effectiveness in terms of micromeritics, drug release, and anti-cancer activity in the benzopyrene-induced Swiss albino mice lung cancer model. We also assessed the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility of GEM-EGCG SLNs. The GEM-EGCG SLNs had an average particle size of 93.54 ± 11.02 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.146 ± 0.05, and a zeta potential of -34.7 ± 0.4 mV. The entrapment efficiency of GEM and EGCG was 93.39 ± 4.2% and 89.49 ± 5.1%, respectively, with a sustained release profile for both drugs. GEM-EGCG SLNs had better pharmacokinetics than other treatments, and a high drug targeting index value of 17.605 for GEM and 2.118 for EGCG, indicating their effectiveness in targeting the lungs. Blank SLNs showed no pathological lesions in the liver, kidney, and nasal region validating the safety of SLNs. GEM-EGCG SLNs also showed fewer pathological lesions than other treatments and a lower hemolysis rate of 1.62 ± 0.10%. These results suggest that GEM-EGCG SLNs could effectively treat lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rinki Verma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Sri Ganganagar Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, Tantia University, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, 335002, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ruchi Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Knott EP, Kim EY, Kim EQ, Freire R, Medina JA, Wang Y, Chen CB, Wu C, Wangpaichitr M, Conejo-Garcia JR, Lim DC. Orthotopic Models Using New, Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines Simulate Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy. Cells 2024; 13:1120. [PMID: 38994972 PMCID: PMC11240577 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding tumor-host immune interactions and the mechanisms of lung cancer response to immunotherapy is crucial. Current preclinical models used to study this often fall short of capturing the complexities of human lung cancer and lead to inconclusive results. To bridge the gap, we introduce two new murine monoclonal lung cancer cell lines for use in immunocompetent orthotopic models. We demonstrate how our cell lines exhibit immunohistochemical protein expression (TTF-1, NapA, PD-L1) and common driver mutations (KRAS, p53, and p110α) seen in human lung adenocarcinoma patients, and how our orthotopic models respond to combination immunotherapy in vivo in a way that closely mirrors current clinical outcomes. These new lung adenocarcinoma cell lines provide an invaluable, clinically relevant platform for investigating the intricate dynamics between tumor and the immune system, and thus potentially contributes to a deeper understanding of immunotherapeutic approaches to lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Knott
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Emily Y. Kim
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Edison Q. Kim
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Rochelle Freire
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Justin A. Medina
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (Y.W.); (C.-B.C.)
| | - Cheng-Bang Chen
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (Y.W.); (C.-B.C.)
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jose R. Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Diane C. Lim
- Research Services, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA; (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.); (E.Q.K.); (C.W.); (M.W.)
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care/Sleep, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Z, Wong IHM, Dai W, Lo CTK, Wong TTW. Lung Cancer Diagnosis on Virtual Histologically Stained Tissue Using Weakly Supervised Learning. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100487. [PMID: 38588884 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common primary lung cancer and accounts for 40% of all lung cancer cases. The current gold standard for lung cancer analysis is based on the pathologists' interpretation of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue slices viewed under a brightfield microscope or a digital slide scanner. Computational pathology using deep learning has been proposed to detect lung cancer on histology images. However, the histological staining workflow to acquire the H&E-stained images and the subsequent cancer diagnosis procedures are labor-intensive and time-consuming with tedious sample preparation steps and repetitive manual interpretation, respectively. In this work, we propose a weakly supervised learning method for LUAD classification on label-free tissue slices with virtual histological staining. The autofluorescence images of label-free tissue with histopathological information can be converted into virtual H&E-stained images by a weakly supervised deep generative model. For the downstream LUAD classification task, we trained the attention-based multiple-instance learning model with different settings on the open-source LUAD H&E-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The model was validated on the 150 H&E-stained WSIs collected from patients in Queen Mary Hospital and Prince of Wales Hospital with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.961. The model also achieved an average AUC of 0.973 on 58 virtual H&E-stained WSIs, comparable to the results on 58 standard H&E-stained WSIs with an average AUC of 0.977. The attention heatmaps of virtual H&E-stained WSIs and ground-truth H&E-stained WSIs can indicate tumor regions of LUAD tissue slices. In conclusion, the proposed diagnostic workflow on virtual H&E-stained WSIs of label-free tissue is a rapid, cost effective, and interpretable approach to assist clinicians in postoperative pathological examinations. The method could serve as a blueprint for other label-free imaging modalities and disease contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivy H M Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claudia T K Lo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence T W Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ciofiac CM, Mămuleanu M, Florescu LM, Gheonea IA. CT Imaging Patterns in Major Histological Types of Lung Cancer. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:462. [PMID: 38672733 PMCID: PMC11051469 DOI: 10.3390/life14040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks as the second most prevalent cancer globally and is the primary contributor to neoplastic-related deaths. The approach to its treatment relies on both tumour staging and histological type determination. Data indicate that the prognosis of lung cancer is strongly linked to its clinical stage, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis in enhancing patient outcomes. Consequently, the choice of an appropriate diagnostic method holds significant importance in elevating both the early detection rate and prognosis of lung cancer. This paper aims to assess computer tomography features specific to the most common lung cancer types (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas and small cell lung cancer). Data were collected retrospectively from CT scans of 58 patients pathologically diagnosed with lung cancer. The following CT features were evaluated and recorded for each case: location, margins, structure, lymph node involvement, cavitation, vascular bundle-thickening, bronchial obstruction, and pleural involvement. Squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) showed a higher incidence of central location, while adenocarcinoma (ADC) showed a significant predilection for a peripheral location. Internal cavitation was mostly observed in SQCC, and a solid structure was observed in almost all cases of ADC. These features can provide information about the prognosis of the patient, considering that NSCLCs are more frequent but tend to demonstrate positive results for targetable driver mutations, such as EGFR, thereby increasing the overall survival. In addition, SCLC presents with early distant spreads, which limits the opportunity to investigate the evolution of tumorigenesis and gene alterations at early stages but can have a rapidly positively response to chemotherapy. The location of the lung cancer exhibits distinct forecasts, with several studies suggesting that peripheral lung tumours offer a more favourable prognosis. Cavity formation appears correlate with a poorer prognosis. Histopathological analysis is the gold standard for diagnosing the type of lung cancer; however, using CT scanning for the purpose of a rough, but fast, preliminary diagnosis has the potential to shorten the waiting time for treatment by helping clinicians and patients to know more about the diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mădălin Mămuleanu
- Department of Automatic Control and Electronics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Lucian Mihai Florescu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (L.M.F.); (I.A.G.)
| | - Ioana Andreea Gheonea
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (L.M.F.); (I.A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ng JKM, Cheung W, Li JJX, Chan KP, Yip WH, Tse GM. Detection of early (T1) lung cancers and lepidic adenocarcinomas in sputum and bronchial cytology. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 67:152191. [PMID: 37579536 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2023.152191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung is an extensively epithelialized organ, producing ample exfoliated material for sputum and bronchial cytology. In view of the updates in the World Health Organization classification of early (T1/≤ 3 cm) lung cancer with respect to adenocarcinomas with lepidic pattern, this study retrospectively reviews sputum and bronchial cytology paired with resection-confirmed lung cancers. METHODS A computerized search for all lung resection specimens of carcinomas over a 20-year period was performed. Cytologic diagnoses of corresponding sputum and bronchial cytology were classified into five-tiered categories (C1-insufficient/inadequate, C2-benign, C3-atypia, C4-suspicious and C5-malignant). Reports and slides of the resection specimen were reviewed for reclassification of T1 cancers. RESULTS Totally 472 and 383 sputum and bronchial cytology specimens respectively were included. Sensitivity for T1 lesions on sputum cytology were 10.6 %, 2.1 % and 0.5 % at cutoffs of atypia/C3, suspicious/C4 and malignant/C5 categories, lower than bronchial cytology (35.1 %, 15.5 %, 8.1 %; p < 0.001). T1 lesions correlated with lower detection rates, whereas squamous cell carcinoma histology, larger size and bronchial invasion were associated with increased detection rates in sputum and bronchial cytology (p < 0.050). Detection rates for abrasive bronchial cytology (brushing) were overall higher (p = 0.018- < 0.001), but on subgroup comparison, non-abrasive (aspiration, lavage and washing) cytology demonstrated favorable trends (p = 0.063-0.088) in detecting T1 lesions. Adenocarcinomas with lepidic pattern had lower suspicious/C4 (p = 0.040) or above and malignant/C5 (p = 0.019), but not atypia/C3 or above (p = 0.517) rates. CONCLUSIONS Most adenocarcinomas with lepidic pattern are only diagnosed as atypia/C3 on cytology. With its modest sensitivity, interpretation of negative and indeterminate cytology results mandates caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K M Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joshua J X Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ka Pang Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Ho Yip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ding R, Yadav A, Rodriguez E, Araujo Lemos da Silva AC, Hsu W. Tailoring pretext tasks to improve self-supervised learning in histopathologic subtype classification of lung adenocarcinomas. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107484. [PMID: 37741228 PMCID: PMC11149924 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a morphologically heterogeneous disease with five predominant histologic subtypes. Fully supervised convolutional neural networks can improve the accuracy and reduce the subjectivity of LUAD histologic subtyping using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images (WSIs). However, developing supervised models with good prediction accuracy usually requires extensive manual data annotation, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This work proposes three self-supervised learning (SSL) pretext tasks to reduce labeling effort. These tasks not only leverage the multi-resolution nature of the H&E WSIs but also explicitly consider the relevance to the downstream task of classifying the LUAD histologic subtypes. Two tasks involve predicting the spatial relationship between tiles cropped from lower and higher magnification WSIs. We hypothesize that these tasks induce the model to learn to distinguish different tissue structures presented in the images, thus benefiting the downstream classification. The third task involves predicting the eosin stain from the hematoxylin stain, inducing the model to learn cytoplasmic features relevant to LUAD subtypes. The effectiveness of the three proposed SSL tasks and their ensemble was demonstrated by comparison with other state-of-the-art pretraining and SSL methods using three publicly available datasets. Our work can be extended to any other cancer type where tissue architectural information is important. The model could be used to expedite and complement the process of routine pathology diagnosis tasks. The code is available at https://github.com/rina-ding/ssl_luad_classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Ding
- Medical & Imaging Informatics, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Anil Yadav
- Medical & Imaging Informatics, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erika Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - William Hsu
- Medical & Imaging Informatics, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vasiukov G, Zou Y, Senosain MF, Rahman JSM, Antic S, Young KM, Grogan EL, Kammer MN, Maldonado F, Reinhart-King CA, Massion PP. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma correlate with tumor aggressiveness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17604. [PMID: 37848457 PMCID: PMC10582049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant type of lung cancer in the U.S. and exhibits a broad variety of behaviors ranging from indolent to aggressive. Identification of the biological determinants of LUAD behavior at early stages can improve existing diagnostic and treatment strategies. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cancer-associated fibroblasts play a crucial role in the regulation of cancer aggressiveness and there is a growing need to investigate their role in the determination of LUAD behavior at early stages. We analyzed tissue samples isolated from patients with LUAD at early stages and used imaging-based biomarkers to predict LUAD behavior. Single-cell RNA sequencing and histological assessment showed that aggressive LUADs are characterized by a decreased number of ADH1B+ CAFs in comparison to indolent tumors. ADH1B+ CAF enrichment is associated with distinct ECM and immune cell signatures in early-stage LUADs. Also, we found a positive correlation between the gene expression of ADH1B+ CAF markers in early-stage LUADs and better survival. We performed TCGA dataset analysis to validate our findings. Identified associations can be used for the development of the predictive model of LUAD aggressiveness and novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Vasiukov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yong Zou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria-Fernanda Senosain
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamshedur S M Rahman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sanja Antic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine M Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric L Grogan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael N Kammer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fabien Maldonado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bouchard G, Zhang W, Li I, Ilerten I, Bhattacharya A, Li Y, Trope W, Shrager JB, Kuo C, Tian L, Giaccia AJ, Plevritis SK. The colocatome as a spatial -omic reveals shared microenvironment features between tumour-stroma assembloids and human lung cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557278. [PMID: 37745466 PMCID: PMC10515823 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Computational frameworks to quantify and compare microenvironment spatial features of in-vitro patient-derived models and clinical specimens are needed. Here, we acquired and analysed multiplexed immunofluorescence images of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) alongside tumour-stroma assembloids constructed with organoids and fibroblasts harvested from the leading edge (Tumour-Adjacent Fibroblasts;TAFs) or core (Tumour Core Fibroblasts;TCFs) of human LUAD. We introduce the concept of the "colocatome" as a spatial -omic dimension to catalogue all proximate and distant colocalisations between malignant and fibroblast subpopulations in both the assembloids and clinical specimens. The colocatome expands upon the colocalisation quotient (CLQ) through a nomalisation strategy that involves permutation analysis and thereby allows comparisons of CLQs under different conditions. Using colocatome analysis, we report that both TAFs and TCFs protected cancer cells from targeted oncogene treatment by uniquely reorganising the tumour-stroma cytoarchitecture, rather than by promoting cellular heterogeneity or selection. Moreover, we show that the assembloids' colocatome recapitulates the tumour-stroma cytoarchitecture defining the tumour microenvironment of LUAD clinical samples and thereby can serve as a functional spatial readout to guide translational discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Bouchard
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weiruo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irene Li
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ilayda Ilerten
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Asmita Bhattacharya
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Winston Trope
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph B Shrager
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Calvin Kuo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sylvia K Plevritis
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaiser AM, Gatto A, Hanson KJ, Zhao RL, Raj N, Ozawa MG, Seoane JA, Bieging-Rolett KT, Wang M, Li I, Trope WL, Liou DZ, Shrager JB, Plevritis SK, Newman AM, Van Rechem C, Attardi LD. p53 governs an AT1 differentiation programme in lung cancer suppression. Nature 2023; 619:851-859. [PMID: 37468633 PMCID: PMC11288504 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide1. Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene TP53 occur in 50% of lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) and are linked to poor prognosis1-4, but how p53 suppresses LUAD development remains enigmatic. We show here that p53 suppresses LUAD by governing cell state, specifically by promoting alveolar type 1 (AT1) differentiation. Using mice that express oncogenic Kras and null, wild-type or hypermorphic Trp53 alleles in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, we observed graded effects of p53 on LUAD initiation and progression. RNA sequencing and ATAC sequencing of LUAD cells uncovered a p53-induced AT1 differentiation programme during tumour suppression in vivo through direct DNA binding, chromatin remodelling and induction of genes characteristic of AT1 cells. Single-cell transcriptomics analyses revealed that during LUAD evolution, p53 promotes AT1 differentiation through action in a transitional cell state analogous to a transient intermediary seen during AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation in alveolar injury repair. Notably, p53 inactivation results in the inappropriate persistence of these transitional cancer cells accompanied by upregulated growth signalling and divergence from lung lineage identity, characteristics associated with LUAD progression. Analysis of Trp53 wild-type and Trp53-null mice showed that p53 also directs alveolar regeneration after injury by regulating AT2 cell self-renewal and promoting transitional cell differentiation into AT1 cells. Collectively, these findings illuminate mechanisms of p53-mediated LUAD suppression, in which p53 governs alveolar differentiation, and suggest that tumour suppression reflects a fundamental role of p53 in orchestrating tissue repair after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Kaiser
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Gatto
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn J Hanson
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Zhao
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Raj
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Ozawa
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - José A Seoane
- Cancer Computational Biology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn T Bieging-Rolett
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mengxiong Wang
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Irene Li
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Winston L Trope
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Z Liou
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph B Shrager
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia K Plevritis
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M Newman
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Capucine Van Rechem
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vu QD, Rajpoot K, Raza SEA, Rajpoot N. Handcrafted Histological Transformer (H2T): Unsupervised representation of whole slide images. Med Image Anal 2023; 85:102743. [PMID: 36702037 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic decision-making of cancer in pathology clinics can now be carried out based on analysis of multi-gigapixel tissue images, also known as whole-slide images (WSIs). Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been proposed to derive unsupervised WSI representations; these are attractive as they rely less on expert annotation which is cumbersome. However, a major trade-off is that higher predictive power generally comes at the cost of interpretability, posing a challenge to their clinical use where transparency in decision-making is generally expected. To address this challenge, we present a handcrafted framework based on deep CNN for constructing holistic WSI-level representations. Building on recent findings about the internal working of the Transformer in the domain of natural language processing, we break down its processes and handcraft them into a more transparent framework that we term as the Handcrafted Histological Transformer or H2T. Based on our experiments involving various datasets consisting of a total of 10,042 WSIs, the results demonstrate that H2T based holistic WSI-level representations offer competitive performance compared to recent state-of-the-art methods and can be readily utilized for various downstream analysis tasks. Finally, our results demonstrate that the H2T framework can be up to 14 times faster than the Transformer models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Dang Vu
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, UK
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Shan E Ahmed Raza
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, UK
| | - Nasir Rajpoot
- Tissue Image Analytics Centre, Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, UK; The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin S, Samsoondar JP, Bandari E, Keow S, Bikash B, Tan D, Martinez-Acevedo J, Loggie J, Pham M, Wu NJ, Misra T, Lam VHK, Sansano I, Cecchini MJ. Digital Quantification of Tumor Cellularity as a Novel Prognostic Feature of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100055. [PMID: 36788101 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma is currently staged based on the size and involvement of other structures. Tumor size may be a surrogate measure of the total number of tumor cells. A recently revised reporting system for adenocarcinoma incorporates high-risk histologic patterns, which may have increased cellular density. Modern digital image analysis tools can be utilized to automate the quantification of cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tumor cellularity can be used as a novel prognostic tool for lung cancer. Digital slides from The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) data set (n = 213) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) data set (n = 90) were obtained and analyzed using QuPath. The number of tumor cells was normalized with the surface area of the tumor to provide a measure of tumor cell density. Tumor cellularity was calculated by multiplying the size of the tumor with the cell density. Major histologic patterns and grade were compared with the tumor density of the lung ADC and lung SCC cases. The overall and progression-free survival were compared between groups of high and low tumor cellularity. High-grade histologic patterns in the ADC and SCC cases were associated with greater tumor densities compared with low-grade patterns. Cases with lower tumor cellularity had improved overall and progression-free survival compared with cases with higher cellularity. These results support tumor cellularity as a novel prognostic tool for non-small cell lung carcinoma that considers tumor stage and grade elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherman Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua P Samsoondar
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ela Bandari
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Keow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Binit Bikash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Djarren Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacobo Martinez-Acevedo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Loggie
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michelle Pham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina J Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya Misra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor H K Lam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Sansano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Matthew J Cecchini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fukagawa K, Takahashi Y, Yamamichi N, Kageyama-Yahara N, Sakaguchi Y, Obata M, Cho R, Sakuma N, Nagao S, Miura Y, Tamura N, Ohki D, Mizutani H, Yakabi S, Minatsuki C, Niimi K, Tsuji Y, Yamamichi M, Shigi N, Tomida S, Abe H, Ushiku T, Koike K, Fujishiro M. Transcriptome analysis reveals the essential role of NK2 homeobox 1/thyroid transcription factor 1 (NKX2-1/TTF-1) in gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland type. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:44-54. [PMID: 36094595 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland type (GA-FG) is a gastric malignancy with little relation to Helicobacter pylori. Clinical characteristics of GA-FG have been established, but molecular mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis have not yet been elucidated. METHODS We subjected three GA-FG tumors-normal mucosa pairs to microarray analysis. Network analysis was performed for the top 30 up-regulated gene transcripts, followed by immunohistochemical staining to confirm the gene expression analysis results. AGS and NUGC4 cells were transfected with the gene-encoding NK2 homeobox 1/thyroid transcription factor 1 (NKX2-1/TTF-1) to evaluate transcriptional changes in its target genes. RESULTS Comprehensive gene expression analysis identified 1410 up-regulated and 1395 down-regulated gene probes with ≥ two-fold difference in expression. Among the top 30 up-regulated genes in GA-FG, we identified transcription factor NKX2-1/TTF-1, a master regulator of lung/thyroid differentiation, together with surfactant protein B (SFTPB), SFTPC, and secretoglobin family 3A member 2(SCGB3A2), which are regulated by NKX2-1/TTF-1. Immunohistochemical analysis of 16 GA-FG specimens demonstrated significantly higher NKX2-1/TTF-1 and SFTPB levels, as compared to that in adjacent normal mucosa (P < 0.05), while SCGB3A2 levels did not differ (P = 0.341). Transduction of NKX2-1/TTF-1 into AGS and NUGC4 cells induced transactivation of SFTPB and SFTPC, indicating that NKX2-1/TTF-1 can function as normally in gastric cells as it can in the lung cells. CONCLUSIONS Our first transcriptome analysis of GA-FG indicates significant expression of NKX2-1/TTF1 in GA-FG. Immunohistochemistry and cell biology show ectopic expression and normal transactivation ability of NKX2-1/TTF-1, suggesting that it plays an essential role in GA-FG development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Fukagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kageyama-Yahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Miho Obata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Rina Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sakuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuko Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoki Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ohki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroya Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yakabi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Chihiro Minatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keiko Niimi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsue Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Narumi Shigi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Kanto Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
This overview of the molecular pathology of lung cancer includes a review of the most salient molecular alterations of the genome, transcriptome, and the epigenome. The insights provided by the growing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in lung cancer will be discussed, and interrelated concepts such as intertumor heterogeneity, intratumor heterogeneity, tumor mutational burden, and the advent of liquid biopsy will be explored. Moreover, this work describes how the evolving field of molecular pathology refines the understanding of different histologic phenotypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying biology of small-cell lung cancer. This review will provide an appreciation for how ongoing scientific findings and technologic advances in molecular pathology are crucial for development of biomarkers, therapeutic agents, clinical trials, and ultimately improved patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Saller
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heldwein MB, Schlachtenberger G, Doerr F, Menghesha H, Bennink G, Schroeder KM, Schaefer SC, Wahlers T, Hekmat K. Different pulmonary adenocarcinoma growth patterns significantly affect survival. Surg Oncol 2021; 40:101674. [PMID: 34896910 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2021.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adenocarcinoma (AC) is the number one pathological entity of lung cancer with approximately 30-40% of cases. It is known to be heterogeneous and has 5 histopathological growth patterns. We evaluated the long-term survival rates of patients with predominant subtypes. METHODS 290 patients with AC underwent pulmonary resection between 2012 and 2017 at our institution. We excluded all patients with lymph node involvement and distant metastases. Hence, 163 patients were included for further analysis. Predominant growth pattern was defined if more than 10% of cells showed a growth pattern. 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates were evaluated. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify prognostic factors for overall survival. RESULTS Predominant growth patterns >10% were compared to <10% growth patterns of the same subtype. 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates of patients with predominant solid tumor growth >10% differed significantly from patients with <10% (88.4% vs. 97.6%, p = 0.04; 65.8% vs. 87.4% p = 0.001, 36.4% vs. 65.9% p = 0.01). Survival rates did not differ between >10% papillary and acinar growth compared to <10%. Kaplan-Meier curves showed reduced overall survival for patients with solid tumor growth >10% (log-rank 0.002). Solid tumor growth >10% was an independent prognostic factor for worse long-term survival (Hazard ratio: 3.05, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the presence of a predominant solid pattern in pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a factor for an unfavorable prognosis. This should be kept in mind in daily clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias B Heldwein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Schlachtenberger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Fabian Doerr
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hruy Menghesha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerardus Bennink
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl-Moritz Schroeder
- School of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan C Schaefer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Pathology of the Medical Campus Bodensee Roentgen Strasse 2, 88048, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wahlers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Khosro Hekmat
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tanaka I, Dayde D, Tai MC, Mori H, Solis LM, Tripathi SC, Fahrmann JF, Unver N, Parhy G, Jain R, Parra ER, Murakami Y, Aguilar-Bonavides C, Mino B, Celiktas M, Dhillon D, Casabar JP, Nakatochi M, Stingo F, Baladandayuthapani V, Wang H, Katayama H, Dennison JB, Lorenzi PL, Do KA, Fujimoto J, Behrens C, Ostrin EJ, Rodriguez-Canales J, Hase T, Fukui T, Kajino T, Kato S, Yatabe Y, Hosoda W, Kawaguchi K, Yokoi K, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Hasegawa Y, Gazdar AF, Wistuba II, Hanash S, Taguchi A. SRGN-Triggered Aggressive and Immunosuppressive Phenotype in a Subset of TTF-1-Negative Lung Adenocarcinomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 114:290-301. [PMID: 34524427 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 20% of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is negative for the lineage-specific oncogene Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) and exhibits worse clinical outcome with a low frequency of actionable genomic alterations. To identify molecular features associated with TTF-1-negative LUAD, we compared the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of LUAD cell lines. SRGN, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan Serglycin, was identified as a markedly overexpressed gene in TTF-1-negative LUAD. We therefore investigated the roles and regulation of SRGN in TTF-1-negative LUAD. METHODS Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of 41 LUAD cell lines were done using mass spectrometry. The function of SRGN was investigated in 3 TTF-1-negative and 4 TTF-1-positive LUAD cell lines and in a syngeneic mouse model (n = 5 to 8 mice per group). Expression of SRGN in was evaluated in 94 and 105 surgically resected LUAD tumor specimens using immunohistochemistry. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS SRGN was markedly overexpressed at mRNA and protein levels in TTF-1-negative LUAD cell lines (P < .001 for both mRNA and protein levels). Expression of SRGN in LUAD tumor tissue was associated with poor outcome (hazard ratio = 4.22, 95% confidential interval = 1.12 to 15.86; likelihood ratio test, P = .03), and with higher expression of Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells and higher infiltration of Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-positive lymphocytes. SRGN regulated expression of PD-L1, as well as proinflammatory cytokines including Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and C-X-C motif chemokine 1 (CXCL1) in LUAD cell lines, and increased migratory and invasive properties of LUAD cells and fibroblasts, and enhanced angiogenesis. SRGN was induced by DNA de-methylation resulting from Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT)-mediated impairment of methionine metabolism. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that SRGN plays a pivotal role in tumor-stromal interaction and reprogramming into an aggressive and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in TTF-1-negative LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichidai Tanaka
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Delphine Dayde
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Chee Tai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haruki Mori
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Satyendra C Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nese Unver
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gargy Parhy
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rekha Jain
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edwin R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Muge Celiktas
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dilsher Dhillon
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Julian Phillip Casabar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Francesco Stingo
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Veera Baladandayuthapani
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dennison
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tetsunari Hase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fukui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kajino
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kato
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Kawaguchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ayumu Taguchi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Advanced Cancer Diagnostics, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sato R, Imamura K, Semba T, Tomita Y, Saeki S, Ikeda K, Komohara Y, Suzuki M, Sakagami T, Saya H, Arima Y. TGFβ Signaling Activated by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Determines the Histological Signature of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4751-4765. [PMID: 34289987 PMCID: PMC9397619 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) can be classified histologically as lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, or solid. Most LADC tumors manifest several of these histological subtypes, with heterogeneity being related to therapeutic resistance. We report here that in immunodeficient mice, human LADC cells form tumors with distinct histological features, MUC5AC-expressing solid-type or cytokeratin 7 (CK7)-expressing acinar-type tumors, depending on the site of development, and that a solid-to-acinar transition (SAT) could be induced by the tumor microenvironment. The TGFβ-Smad signaling pathway was activated in both tumor and stromal cells of acinar-type tumors. Immortalized cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) derived from acinar-type tumors induced SAT in 3D cocultures with LADC cells. Exogenous TGFβ1 or overexpression of an active form of TGFβ1 increased CK7 expression and reduced MUC5AC expression in LADC cells, and knockdown of Tgfb1 mRNA in CAFs attenuated SAT induction. RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that angiogenesis and neutrophil recruitment are associated with SAT in vivo. Our data indicate that CAF-mediated paracrine TGFβ signaling induces remodeling of tumor tissue and determines the histological pattern of LADC, thereby contributing to tumor heterogeneity. SIGNIFICANCE: CAFs secrete TGFβ to induce a solid-to-acinar transition in lung cancer cells, demonstrating how the tumor microenvironment influences histological patterns and tumor heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sato
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Imamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Semba
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Saeki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koei Ikeda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Arima
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Corresponding Author: Yoshimi Arima, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160–8582, Japan. Phone: 81–3-5363–3983. Fax: 81–3-5363–3983. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rocha P, Salazar R, Zhang J, Ledesma D, Solorzano JL, Mino B, Villalobos P, Dejima H, Douse DY, Diao L, Mitchell KG, Le X, Zhang J, Weissferdt A, Parra-Cuentas E, Cascone T, Rice DC, Sepesi B, Kalhor N, Moran C, Vaporciyan A, Heymach J, Gibbons DL, Lee JJ, Kadara H, Wistuba I, Behrens C, Solis LM. CD73 expression defines immune, molecular, and clinicopathological subgroups of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1965-1976. [PMID: 33416944 PMCID: PMC8195808 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD73 is a membrane-bound enzyme crucial in adenosine generation. The adenosinergic pathway plays a critical role in immunosuppression and in anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Here, we interrogated CD73 expression in a richly annotated cohort of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its association with clinicopathological, immune, and molecular features to better understand the role of this immune marker in LUAD pathobiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein expression of CD73 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 106 archived LUADs from patients that underwent surgical treatment without neoadjuvant therapy. Total CD73 (T +) was calculated as the average of luminal (L +) and basolateral (BL +) percentage membrane expression scores for each LUAD and was used to classify tumors into three groups based on the extent of T CD73 expression (high, low, and negative). RESULTS CD73 expression was significantly and progressively increased across normal-appearing lung tissue, adenomatous atypical hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and LUAD. In LUAD, BL CD73 expression was associated with an increase in PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and increase of tumor-associated immune cells. Stratification of LUADs based on T CD73 extent also revealed that tumors with high expression of this enzyme overall exhibited significantly elevated immune infiltration and PD-L1 protein expression. Immune profiling demonstrated that T-cell inflammation and adenosine signatures were significantly higher in CD73-expressing lung adenocarcinomas relative to those lacking CD73. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that higher CD73 expression is associated with an overall augmented host immune response, suggesting potential implications in the immune pathobiology of early stage lung adenocarcinoma. Our findings warrant further studies to explore the role of CD73 in immunotherapeutic response of LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rocha
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Salazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Comp Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debora Ledesma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jose L Solorzano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hitoshi Dejima
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dzifa Y Douse
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Comp Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle Gregory Mitchell
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiuning Le
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Edwin Parra-Cuentas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tina Cascone
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David C Rice
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cesar Moran
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ara Vaporciyan
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Heymach
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Comp Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Maren Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
De Las Casas LE, Hicks DG. Pathologists at the Leading Edge of Optimizing the Tumor Tissue Journey for Diagnostic Accuracy and Molecular Testing. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 155:781-792. [PMID: 33582767 PMCID: PMC8130880 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor biomarker analyses accompanying immuno-oncology therapies are coupled with a tumor tissue journey aiming to guide tissue procurement and allow for accurate diagnosis and delivery of test results. The engagement of pathologists in the tumor tissue journey is essential because they are able to link the preanalytic requirements of this process with pathologic evaluation and clinical information, ultimately influencing treatment decisions for patients with cancer. The aim of this review is to provide suggestions on how cancer diagnosis and the delivery of molecular test results may be optimized, based on the needs and available resources of institutions, by placing the tumor tissue journey under the leadership of pathologists. METHODS Literature searches on PubMed and personal experience provided the necessary material to satisfy the objectives of this review. RESULTS Pathologists are usually involved across many steps of the tumor tissue journey and have the requisite knowledge to ensure its efficiency. CONCLUSIONS The expansion of oncology diagnostic testing emphasizes the need for pathologists to acquire a leadership role in the multidisciplinary effort to optimize the accuracy, completeness, and delivery of diagnoses guiding personalized treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Hicks
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alvarez-Jimenez C, Sandino AA, Prasanna P, Gupta A, Viswanath SE, Romero E. Identifying Cross-Scale Associations between Radiomic and Pathomic Signatures of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes: Preliminary Results. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123663. [PMID: 33297357 PMCID: PMC7762258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Despite the complementarity between radiology and histopathology, both from a diagnostic and a prognostic perspective, quantitative analyses of these modalities are usually performed in disconnected silos. This work presents initial results for differentiating two major non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes by exploring cross-scale associations between Computed Tomography (CT) images and corresponding digitized pathology images. (2) Methods: The analysis comprised three phases, (i) a multi-resolution cell density quantification to identify discriminant pathomic patterns for differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), (ii) radiomic characterization of CT images by using Haralick descriptors to quantify tumor textural heterogeneity as represented by gray-level co-occurrences to discriminate the two pathological subtypes, and (iii) quantitative correlation analysis between the multi-modal features to identify potential associations between them. This analysis was carried out using two publicly available digitized pathology databases (117 cases from TCGA and 54 cases from CPTAC) and a public radiological collection of CT images (101 cases from NSCLC-R). (3) Results: The top-ranked cell density pathomic features from the histopathology analysis were correlation, contrast, homogeneity, sum of entropy and difference of variance; which yielded a cross-validated AUC of 0.72 ± 0.02 on the training set (CPTAC) and hold-out validation AUC of 0.77 on the testing set (TCGA). Top-ranked co-occurrence radiomic features within NSCLC-R were contrast, correlation and sum of entropy which yielded a cross-validated AUC of 0.72 ± 0.01. Preliminary but significant cross-scale associations were identified between cell density statistics and CT intensity values using matched specimens available in the TCGA cohort, which were used to significantly improve the overall discriminatory performance of radiomic features in differentiating NSCLC subtypes (AUC = 0.78 ± 0.01). (4) Conclusions: Initial results suggest that cross-scale associations may exist between digital pathology and CT imaging which can be used to identify relevant radiomic and histopathology features to accurately distinguish lung adenocarcinomas from squamous cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlems Alvarez-Jimenez
- Computer Imaging and Medical Application Laboratory, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (C.A.-J.); (A.A.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Alvaro A. Sandino
- Computer Imaging and Medical Application Laboratory, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (C.A.-J.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Prateek Prasanna
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Satish E. Viswanath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Computer Imaging and Medical Application Laboratory, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (C.A.-J.); (A.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lambe G, Durand M, Buckley A, Nicholson S, McDermott R. Adenocarcinoma of the lung: from BAC to the future. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:69. [PMID: 32430670 PMCID: PMC7237554 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma are relatively new classification entities which replace the now retired term, bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC). The radiographic appearance of these lesions ranges from pure, ground glass nodules to large, solid masses. A thorough understanding of the new classification is essential to radiologists who work with MDT colleagues to provide accurate staging and treatment. A 2-year review was performed of all surgically resected cases of adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma in our institution. Cases are broken down by age, gender, tumour type and tumour location. A pictorial review is presented to illustrate the radiologic and pathologic features of each entity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li X, Yin L, Zhao Y, He M, Qi Q, Sun Y, Li H, Evison M. The prognostic effect of TTF-1 expression in the Chinese population of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:82-89. [PMID: 32206556 PMCID: PMC7082290 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), which is usually expressed by lung adenocarcinomas and small cell carcinomas, is usually used to distinguish adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma from cells of another type of lung cancer. We examined the association between TTF-1 expression and overall survival between patients with stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma to investigate the role of TTF-1 as a predictive and/or prognostic tumor marker in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas. Methods Analysis of the clinicopathologic features, treatment regimens, and overall survival of 209 lung adenocarcinoma patients who had been detected for TTF-1 expression and received consecutive treatments in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Results TTF-1 expression was positive in 166 (79%) and negative in 43 (21%) patients who were reviewed. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the clinicopathologic features of TTF-1 positive and TTF-1 negative tumors. In the multivariable review, the overall survival of TTF-1 positive tumor patients was significantly longer than that of TTF-1 negative tumor patients [22.7 vs. 11.8 months (P<0.0001)], increasing the prognostic effect of Karnofsky performance status and receiving first-line chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Positive TTF-1 and negative TTF-1 patients receiving pemetrexed-based chemotherapy improved the duration of treatment compared to those receiving non-pemetrexed chemotherapy. Conclusions TTF-1 expression was associated with an improved survival in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas. Both patients, either TTF-1 positive or negative, could benefit from the first-line chemotherapy or pemetrexed treatment option. However, as discovered by our investigation, TTF-1 cannot forecast a portion of the lung adenocarcinomas that had a selective sensitivity to pemetrexed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Li
- Department of Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Cancer, Putuo District, Liqun Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yamei Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Hanting District People's Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Man He
- Department of Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Matthew Evison
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gupta C, Su J, Zhan M, Stass SA, Jiang F. Sputum long non-coding RNA biomarkers for diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2020; 26:219-227. [PMID: 31450489 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of molecular changes in sputum may help diagnose lung cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in various biological processes, and their dysregulations contribute to the development and progression of lung tumorigenesis. Herein, we determine whether aberrant lncRNAs could be used as potential sputum biomarkers for lung cancer. METHODS Using reverse transcription PCR, we measure expressions of lung cancer-associated lncRNAs in sputum of a discovery cohort of 67 lung cancer patients and 65 cancer-free smokers with benign diseases and a validation cohort of 59 lung cancer patients and 60 cancer-free smokers with benign diseases. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, four of the lncRNAs displayed a significantly different level in sputum of lung cancer patients vs.cancer-free smokers with benign diseases (all P< 0.001). From the four lncRNAs, three lncRNAs (SNHG1, H19, and HOTAIR) are identified as a biomarker panel, producing 82.09% sensitivity and 89.23% specificity for diagnosis of lung cancer. Furthermore, the biomarker panel has a higher sensitivity (82.09% vs. 52.24%, P= 0.02) and a similar specificity compared with sputum cytology (89.23% vs. 90.77%, P= 0.45). In addition, the lncRNA biomarker panel had a higher sensitivity (87.50% vs. 70.07%, p= 0.03) for diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma compared with adenocarcinoma of the lung, while maintaining the same specificity (89.23%). The potential of the sputum lncRNA biomarkers for lung cancer detection is confirmed in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION We have for the first time shown that the analysis of lncRNAs in sputum might be a noninvasive approach for diagnosis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Zhan
- Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanford A Stass
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shukla S, Husain N, Anand N, Kant S, Garg R, Verma SK, Kumar S, Prakash V. Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Expression in Adenocarcinoma Lung and Its Association with Histomorphological Features. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_199_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression is frequently associated with adenocarcinoma lung. This study was undertaken with the objectives to assess the expression of TTF-1 in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with adenocarcinoma phenotype and to evaluate the TTF-1 expression with clinicopathological and histomorphological features. Materials and Methods: This was a tertiary care hospital-based case series that included 250 cases of NSCLC. TTF-1 immunostaining along with a basic panel of immunohistochemistry markers was performed. The histomorphological analysis was done to compare the morphological features of TTF-1-positive versus TTF-1-negative cases. Results: TTF-1 was positive in 144 cases (57.6%), while 106 cases were negative for TTF-1. The M: F ratio in the TTF-1-positive group was 1:2, and the mean age of the cases that expressed TTF-1 was 48.5 years. The most common pattern in the TTF-1-positive group was loose clusters or singly dispersed cells (77.78%), followed by the acinar (54.86%) and solid pattern (42.36%). In the TTF-1-negative group, 86.79% of cases had singly dispersed cells or loose cohesive clusters, followed by a solid pattern in 50.94% cases. Conclusion: TTF-1 is a useful and reliable marker for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. TTF-1 expression does not have any association with the patterns and degree of differentiation evident in the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Anand
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Garg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - SK Verma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
A co-expressed gene status of adenylate kinase 1/4 reveals prognostic gene signature associated with prognosis and sensitivity to EGFR targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12329. [PMID: 31444368 PMCID: PMC6707279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize altered bioenergetics to fuel uncontrolled proliferation and progression. At the core of bioenergetics, adenine nucleotides are the building blocks for nucleotide synthesis, energy transfer and diverse metabolic processes. Adenylate kinases (AK) are ubiquitous phosphotransferases that catalyze the conversion of adenine nucleotides and regulate the homeostasis of nucleotide ratios within cellular compartments. Recently, different isoforms of AK have been shown to induce metabolic reprograming in cancer and were identified as biomarkers for predicting disease progression. Here we aim to systemically analyze the impact of all AK-associated gene signatures on lung adenocarcinoma patient survival and decipher the value for therapeutic interventions. By analyzing TCGA Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) RNA Seq data, we found gene signatures from AK4 and AK1 have higher percentage of prognostic genes compared to other AK-gene signatures. A 118-gene signature was identified from consensus gene expression in AK1 and AK4 prognostic gene signatures. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses in 140 lung adenocarcinoma patients showed overexpression of AK4 significantly correlated with worse overall survival (P = 0.001) whereas overexpression of AK1 significantly associated with good prognosis (P = 0.009). Furthermore, reduced AK4 expression by shRNA reduced the EGFR protein expression in EGFR mutation cells. The inhibition of AK4-AK1 signal might provide a potential target for synergistic effect in target therapy in lung cancer patients.
Collapse
|
25
|
Heim L, Kachler K, Siegmund R, Trufa DI, Mittler S, Geppert CI, Friedrich J, Rieker RJ, Sirbu H, Finotto S. Increased expression of the immunosuppressive interleukin-35 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:903-912. [PMID: 30956278 PMCID: PMC6734661 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immunosuppressive role of the cytokine IL-35 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the localisation and regulation of IL-35 in the lung of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to further elucidate the immune-escape of cancer cells in perioperative course of disease. Methods Interleukin 35 (IL-35) was measured by ELISA in postoperative serum from 7 patients with NSCLC as well as 8 samples from healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry, FACS analysis, real-time PCR, as well as western blot from samples of the control (CTR), peri-tumoural (PT) and the tumoural (TU) region of the lung derived from patients with NSCLC and 10 controls were performed. Results Here we found elevated levels of IL-35 in the TU region as well as postoperative serum from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Consistently, we found an increased expression of IL-35+Foxp-3+ cells, which associated with ARG1 mRNA expression and decreased TNFA in the TU region of the lung of patients with NSCLC as compared to their CTR region. Furthermore, in the CTR region of the lung of patients with NSCLC, CD68+ macrophages were induced and correlated with IL-35+ cells. Finally, IL-35 positively correlated with TTF-1+PD-L1+ cells in the TU region of NSCLC patients. Conclusions Induced IL-35+Foxp3+ cell numbers in the TU region of the lung of patients with NSCLC associated with ARG1 mRNA expression and with TTF-1+PD-L1+ cells. In the tumour-free CTR area, IL-35 correlated with CD68+ macrophages. Thus inhibitors to IL-35 would probably succeed in combination with antibodies against immune checkpoints like PD-L1 and PD-1 currently used against NSCLC because they would inhibit immunosuppressive macrophages and T regulatory cells while promoting T cell-mediated anti-tumoural immune responses in the microenvironment as well as the TU region of NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Heim
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katerina Kachler
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphaela Siegmund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis I Trufa
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Mittler
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol-Immanuel Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliane Friedrich
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf J Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gertych A, Swiderska-Chadaj Z, Ma Z, Ing N, Markiewicz T, Cierniak S, Salemi H, Guzman S, Walts AE, Knudsen BS. Convolutional neural networks can accurately distinguish four histologic growth patterns of lung adenocarcinoma in digital slides. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1483. [PMID: 30728398 PMCID: PMC6365499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the diagnostic workup of lung adenocarcinomas (LAC), pathologists evaluate distinct histological tumor growth patterns. The percentage of each pattern on multiple slides bears prognostic significance. To assist with the quantification of growth patterns, we constructed a pipeline equipped with a convolutional neural network (CNN) and soft-voting as the decision function to recognize solid, micropapillary, acinar, and cribriform growth patterns, and non-tumor areas. Slides of primary LAC were obtained from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC), the Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw and the TCGA portal. Several CNN models trained with 19,924 image tiles extracted from 78 slides (MIMW and CSMC) were evaluated on 128 test slides from the three sites by F1-score and accuracy using manual tumor annotations by pathologist. The best CNN yielded F1-scores of 0.91 (solid), 0.76 (micropapillary), 0.74 (acinar), 0.6 (cribriform), and 0.96 (non-tumor) respectively. The overall accuracy of distinguishing the five tissue classes was 89.24%. Slide-based accuracy in the CSMC set (88.5%) was significantly better (p < 2.3E-4) than the accuracy in the MIMW (84.2%) and TCGA (84%) sets due to superior slide quality. Our model can work side-by-side with a pathologist to accurately quantify the percentages of growth patterns in tumors with mixed LAC patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Gertych
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | | | - Zhaoxuan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nathan Ing
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tomasz Markiewicz
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pathology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szczepan Cierniak
- Department of Pathology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hootan Salemi
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samuel Guzman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ann E Walts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cao S, Teng J, Xu J, Han B, Zhong H. Value of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resected stage IB solid predominant and solid non-predominant lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2018; 10:249-255. [PMID: 30561142 PMCID: PMC6360240 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for stage IB lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial. We examined the benefits of ACT in stage IB patients with tumors composed of solid material. METHODS The records of 309 patients with stage IB lung adenocarcinoma who had undergone complete resection between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed. All pathological slides were evaluated for the composition of solid material. RESULTS Our data showed that although disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were not significantly different (P = 0.306 and P = 0.061, respectively) between patients displaying a solid pattern of tumor growth and treated with or without ACT, patients with a solid predominant pattern of tumor growth treated with ACT had longer DFS (hazard ratio 0.359; P = 0.033) and OS (hazard ratio 0.205; P = 0.003). In patients with solid non-predominant patterns, treatment with ACT had no effect on DFS (P = 0.326) or OS (P = 0.508). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative patients with the solid predominant pattern of stage IB lung adenocarcinoma may benefit from ACT, while those with the solid non-predominant pattern will not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Cao
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Teng
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yue JY, Chen J, Zhou FM, Hu Y, Li MX, Wu QW, Han DM. CT-pathologic correlation in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13362. [PMID: 30557988 PMCID: PMC6320064 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is clinically important. Computed tomography (CT) scan is an economical, effective, noninvasive, commonly available, and quick diagnostic way for lung cancer. In this study, we aim to compare the CT characteristics in adenocarcinoma and SCC.Data from 275 cases (259 adenocarcinoma and 16 SCC) were retrospectively compared. CT characteristics, including lesion size and shape, single/multifocal lesions, location of the tumor, the margin of lobes, whether the lesion had deep lobulated margin, bronchial cut-off sign, signs of dilated bronchial arteries, signs of vascular bundle thickening, signs of short burrs, spinous processes, and pleural indentation, were compared in 148 cases (137 adenocarcinoma and 11 SCC).Patients with adenocarcinoma were more likely to be female (44.2% vs 25.0%, P = .017). Compared with SCC, adenocarcinomas were more likely to have deep lobulated margin (81.0% vs 54.5%, P = .038), less likely to have smooth lobes margin (2.7% vs 83.3%, P < .001), more likely to have vascular bundle thickening (37.2% vs 0, P = .016) and pleural indentation (59.9% vs 18.2%, P = .01), and marginally less likely to have dilated bronchial arteries (17.5% vs 45.5%, P = .064). No significant difference was observed regarding to characteristics, including tumor size, location of the tumor, signs of bronchial cut-off, dilated bronchial arteries, short burrs, or spinous processes.CT scan has the potential to help to distinguish lung adenocarcinoma and SCC in a fast and commonly available way. CT could be a rough but fast way to diagnosis, and may thus shorten the waiting time to treatment and allow more time for clinicians, patients, and their families to prepare for future treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zabeck H, Dienemann H, Hoffmann H, Pfannschmidt J, Warth A, Schnabel PA, Muley T, Meister M, Sültmann H, Fröhlich H, Kuner R, Lasitschka F. Molecular signatures in IASLC/ATS/ERS classified growth patterns of lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206132. [PMID: 30352093 PMCID: PMC6198952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current classification of human lung adenocarcinoma defines five different histological growth patterns within the group of conventional invasive adenocarcinomas. The five growth patterns are characterised by their typical architecture, but also by variable tumor biological behaviour. AIMS The aim of this study was to identify specific gene signatures of the five adenocarcinoma growth patterns defined by the joint IASLC/ATS/ERS working group. METHODS Total RNA from microdissected adenocarcinoma tissue samples of ten lepidic, ten acinar, ten solid, nine papillary, and nine micropapillary tumor portions was isolated and prepared for gene expression analysis. Differential expression of genes was determined using the R package "LIMMA". The overall significance of each signature was assessed via global test. Gene ontology statistics were analysed using GOstat. For immunohistochemical validation, tissue specimens from 20 tumors with solid and 20 tumors with lepidic growth pattern were used. RESULTS Microarray analyses between the growth patterns resulted in numerous differentially expressed genes between the solid architecture and other patterns. The comparison of transcriptomic activity in the solid and lepidic patterns revealed 705 up- and 110 downregulated non-redundant genes. The pattern-specific protein expression of Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-kinase-A (ITPKA) and angiogenin by immunohistochemistry confirmed the RNA levels. The strongest differences in protein expression between the two patterns were shown for ITPKA (p = 0.02) and angiogenin (p = 0.113). CONCLUSIONS In this study growth pattern-specific gene signatures in pulmonary adenocarcinoma were identified and distinct transcriptomic differences between lung adenocarcinoma growth patterns were defined. The study provides valuable new information about pulmonary adenocarcinoma and allows a better assessment of the five adenocarcinoma subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Zabeck
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dienemann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Hoffmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Pfannschmidt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Research Unit (STF), Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Research Unit (STF), Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Genome Research (B063), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Institute for Computer Science, c/o Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Algorithmic Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ruprecht Kuner
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Genome Research (B063), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim JH, Kim HS, Kim BJ, Han B, Choi DR, Kwon JH. Prognostic Impact of TTF-1 Expression in Non-Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:4279-4286. [PMID: 30519330 PMCID: PMC6277629 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is overexpressed in up to 95% of primary lung adenocarcinoma while negative for almost all squamous cell carcinomas. TTF-1 expression has been investigated as a prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with conflicting results. We conducted this meta-analysis to gain a better insight into the prognostic role of TTF-1 in patients only with non-squamous (non-SQ) NSCLC. A systematic computerized search of the electronic databases including PubMed, PMC, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was performed. From 21 studies, 6,451 patients were included in the combined analysis of hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival. Compared with patients with non-SQ NSCLC showing negative TTF-1 expression, those with tumors harboring TTF-1 overexpression had significantly better survival (HR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.42-0.57, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses revealed that TTF-1 expression significantly correlated with a better prognosis in stage I (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.84, p = 0.0008) as well as stage III-IV non-SQ NSCLC (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.29-0.49, p < 0.00001). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that TTF-1 overexpression is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with non-SQ NSCLC. The subgroup analyses indicate that TTF-1 is a good prognostic marker for survival not only in early-stage but also in advanced non-SQ NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Army Capital Hospital, The Armed Forces Medical Command, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Han
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ro Choi
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hye Kwon
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nguyen DM, Villamizar N. Molecular (pathologic) markers of tumor invasiveness = more or less (clinical) malignant adenocarcinomas? Wait a second, we are not there yet! J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:1689-1690. [PMID: 30248802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao M Nguyen
- Thoracic Surgery Section, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.
| | - Nestor Villamizar
- Thoracic Surgery Section, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qian F, Yang W, Wang R, Xu J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Jin B, Yu K, Han B. Prognostic significance and adjuvant chemotherapy survival benefits of a solid or micropapillary pattern in patients with resected stage IB lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:1227-1235.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
33
|
Su J, Leng Q, Lin Y, Ma J, Jiang F, Lee CJ, Fang H, Jiang F. Integrating Circulating Immunological and Sputum Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2018; 10:1179299X18759297. [PMID: 29467585 PMCID: PMC5815414 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x18759297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that assessments of microRNA (miRNA) expressions in circulating peripheral blood mononucleated cell (PBMC) and sputum specimens, respectively, may help diagnose lung cancer. To assess the individual and combined analysis of the miRNAs across the different body fluids for lung cancer early detection, we analyse a panel of 3 sputum miRNAs (miRs-21, 31, and 210) and a panel of 2 PBMC miRNAs (miRs-19b-3p and 29b-3p) in a discovery cohort of 68 patients with lung cancer and 66 cancer-free smokers. We find that integrating 2 sputum miRNAs (miRs-31 and 210) and 1 PBMC miRNA (miR-19b-3p) has higher sensitivity (86.8%) and specificity (92.4%) compared with the individual panels. The synergistic value of the integrated panel of 3 biomarkers is confirmed in a validation cohort, independent of stage and histological type of lung cancer, and patients' age, sex, and ethnicity. Integrating circulating immunological and sputum biomarkers could improve the early detection of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Su
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qixin Leng
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yanli Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fangran Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - HongBin Fang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou C, Zhao J, Shao J, Li W. Prognostic relevance of TTF-1 expression in stage I adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107462-107468. [PMID: 29296178 PMCID: PMC5746080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) motivates the differentiation and development of bronchioloalveolar cells. The association of TTF-1 expression with prognosis in stage I adenocarcinoma is unclear. This study enrolled patients with resected stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma who had TTF-1 immunostaining. All the corresponding clinicopathologic data including sex, age, smoking history, pathologic T stage, pathologic disease stage, surgical procedure, subtypes, follow-up records and adjuvant chemotherapy were investigated. Totally, 126 adenocarcinomas with TTF-1− and 2687 adenocarcinomas with TTF-1+ were subjected to the study. Among adenocarcinomas with TTF-1−, the major subtype was acinar-predominant adenocarcinomas, followed by invasive mucinous and papillary subtypes while acinar, papillary and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma were in the majority among adenocarcinomas with TTF-1+. The status of TTF-1 expression was not a significant factor for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, there was no survival difference between the two groups (RFS: p = 0.2474; OS: p = 0.1480). When confined to stage IB adenocarcinomas with TTF-1−, whether received adjuvant chemotherapy made no difference to RFS and OS (RFS: p = 0.2707; OS: p = 1.000), as was the case in stage IB adenocarcinomas with TTF-1+ (RFS: p = 0.9161; OS: p = 0.1100). Within follow-up period, there was significant difference in post-recurrence survival (PRS) for TTF-1− patients compared with those TTF-1+ patients (Log-rank p = 0.0113). However, regarding to the recurrence site, there was no difference between TTF-1− patients and TTF-1+ patients in patients with stage I adenocarcinoma (p = 0.771) In conclusion, there is no significant difference in RFS and OS between TTF-1− group and TTF-1+ group, but TTF-1 negative adenocarcinoma has significantly worse PFS in patients with stage I adenocarcinoma. Moreover, chemotherapeutic efficacy between TTF-1+ and TTF-1− stage IB adenocarcinomas did not differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jikai Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jinchen Shao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Al-Akhrass H, Naves T, Vincent F, Magnaudeix A, Durand K, Bertin F, Melloni B, Jauberteau MO, Lalloué F. Sortilin limits EGFR signaling by promoting its internalization in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1182. [PMID: 29084952 PMCID: PMC5662760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transduce information from the microenvironment into the cell and activate homeostatic signaling pathways. Internalization and degradation of EGFR after ligand binding limits the intensity of proliferative signaling, thereby helping to maintain cell integrity. In cancer cells, deregulation of EGFR trafficking has a variety of effects on tumor progression. Here we report that sortilin is a key regulator of EGFR internalization. Loss of sortilin in tumor cells promoted cell proliferation by sustaining EGFR signaling at the cell surface, ultimately accelerating tumor growth. In lung cancer patients, sortilin expression decreased with increased pathologic grade, and expression of sortilin was strongly correlated with survival, especially in patients with high EGFR expression. Sortilin is therefore a regulator of EGFR intracellular trafficking that promotes receptor internalization and limits signaling, which in turn impacts tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al-Akhrass
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Thomas Naves
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.
| | - François Vincent
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Amandine Magnaudeix
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Karine Durand
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - François Bertin
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Cardio-vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Boris Melloni
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fujimoto J, Nunomura-Nakamura S, Liu Y, Lang W, McDowell T, Jakubek Y, Ezzeddine D, Ochieng JK, Petersen J, Davies G, Fukuoka J, Wistuba II, Ehli E, Fowler J, Scheet P, Kadara H. Development of Kras mutant lung adenocarcinoma in mice with knockout of the airway lineage-specific gene Gprc5a. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1589-1599. [PMID: 28653505 PMCID: PMC5774849 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the urgency for prevention and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we still do not know drivers in pathogenesis of the disease. Earlier work revealed that mice with knockout of the G-protein coupled receptor Gprc5a develop late onset lung tumors including LUADs. Here, we sought to further probe the impact of Gprc5a expression on LUAD pathogenesis. We first surveyed GPRC5A expression in human tissues and found that GPRC5A was markedly elevated in human normal lung relative to other normal tissues and was consistently downregulated in LUADs. In sharp contrast to wild-type littermates, Gprc5a-/- mice treated chronically with the nicotine-specific carcinogen NNK developed LUADs by 6 months following NNK exposure. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the LUADs exhibited abundant expression of surfactant protein C and lacked the clara cell marker Ccsp, suggesting that these LUADs originated from alveolar type II cells. Next, we sought to survey genome-wide alterations in the pathogenesis of Gprc5a-/- LUADs. Using whole exome sequencing, we found that carcinogen-induced LUADs exhibited markedly higher somatic mutation burdens relative to spontaneous tumors. All LUADs were found to harbor somatic mutations in the Kras oncogene (p. G12D or p. Q61R). In contrast to spontaneous lesions, carcinogen-induced Gprc5a-/- LUADs exhibited mutations (variants and copy number gains) in additional drivers (Atm, Kmt2d, Nf1, Trp53, Met, Ezh2). Our study underscores genomic alterations that represent early events in the development of Kras mutant LUAD following Gprc5a loss and tobacco carcinogen exposure and that may constitute targets for prevention and early treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sayuri Nunomura-Nakamura
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yihua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenhua Lang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tina McDowell
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yasminka Jakubek
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dalia Ezzeddine
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joshua Kapere Ochieng
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Petersen
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Gareth Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jerry Fowler
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Establishment of highly metastatic KRAS mutant lung cancer cell sublines in long-term three-dimensional low attachment cultures. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181342. [PMID: 28786996 PMCID: PMC5546599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased cell-substratum adhesion is crucially involved in metastasis. Previous studies demonstrated that lung cancer with floating cell clusters in histology is more likely to develop metastasis. In the present study, we investigated whether cancer cells in long-term, three-dimensional low attachment cultures acquire high metastatic potential; these cells were then used to examine the mechanisms underlying metastasis. Two KRAS-mutated adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549 and H441) were cultured and selected on ultra-low attachment culture dishes, and the resulting cells were defined as FL (for floating) sublines. Cancer cells were inoculated into NOD/SCID mice via an intracardiac injection, and metastasis was evaluated using luciferase-based imaging and histopathology. In vitro cell growth (in attachment or suspension cultures), migration, and invasion were assayed. A whole genomic analysis was performed to identify key molecular alterations in FL sublines. Upon detachment on low-binding dishes, parental cells initially formed rounded spheroids with limited growth activity. However, over time in cultures, cells gradually formed smaller spheroids that grew slowly, and, after 3–4 months, we obtained FL sublines that regained prominent growth potential in suspension cultures. On ordinary dishes, FL cells reattached and exhibited a more spindle-shaped morphology than parental cells. No marked differences were observed in cell growth with attachment, migration, or invasion between FL sublines and parental cell lines; however, FL cells exhibited markedly increased growth potential under suspended conditions in vitro and stronger metastatic abilities in vivo. A genomic analysis identified epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and c-Myc amplification in A549-FL and H441-FL cells, respectively, as candidate mechanisms for metastasis. The growth potential of FL cells was markedly inhibited by lentiviral ZEB1 knockdown in A549-FL cells and by the inhibition of c-Myc through lentiviral knockdown or the pharmacological inhibitor JQ1 in H441-FL cells. Long-term three-dimensional low attachment cultures may become a useful method for investigating the mechanisms underlying metastasis mediated by decreased cell-substratum adhesion.
Collapse
|
38
|
Shiran I, Heller E, Jessel S, Kamer I, Daniel-Meshulam I, Navon R, Urban D, Onn A, Bar J. Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer Patients With Adenocarcinoma Morphology Have a Better Outcome Compared With Patients Diagnosed With Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer Favor Adenocarcinoma. Clin Lung Cancer 2017; 18:316-323.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
39
|
Boldrini L, Giordano M, Servadio A, Niccoli C, Bertoglio P, Lucchi M, Melfi F, Mussi A, Fontanini G. Prognostic role of TPL2 in early‑stage non‑small cell lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3451-3458. [PMID: 28393206 PMCID: PMC5436291 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~70% of all lung cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. The serine/threonine protein kinase tumor progression locus 2 [TPL2/MAP3 kinase 8 (MAP3K8)] may impact oncogenic events; however the role of TPL2 in lung carcinogenesis remains unclear. The present study was focused on the potential prognostic role of TPL2 in 101 patients with early-stage NSCLC. Since TPL2 is a potential target of miR-21, the association between TPL2 and miR-21 expression was also examined. TPL2 and miR-21 mRNA expression was quantified using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). TPL2 protein levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The present study identified that the mRNA expression of TPL2 was low in 52/101 (51%) cases and high in 49/101 (49%) cases. IHC analysis of TPL2 protein expression often demonstrated identical mRNA results. No statistically significant associations were observed between the mRNA expression of TPL2 and the predominant clinicopathological characteristics of the patients with NSCLC, as well as identifying no association between TPL2 and miR-21. TPL2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with NSCLC with good prognosis (disease-free interval P=0.009; overall survival P=0.024), when compared with those of poor prognosis. Focusing on the difference in mRNA expression of TPL2 among the adenocarcinomas in affected patients, TPL2 was more highly expressed in lepidic adenocarcinomas compared with in the other subtypes (P=0.012). The present study is the first examination, to the best of our knowledge, of TPL2 in early-stage NSCLC in relation to miR-21, and in different adenocarcinoma subtypes. Future studies must clarify the mechanism by which TPL2 is involved in lung carcinogenesis due to its important translational implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boldrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mirella Giordano
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adele Servadio
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Niccoli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Bertoglio
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Lucchi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Franca Melfi
- Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero‑Universitaria Pisana, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Mussi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, I‑56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Piljić Burazer M, Mladinov S, Ćapkun V, Kuret S, Glavina Durdov M. The Utility of Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF-1), Napsin A, Excision Repair Cross-Complementing 1 (ERCC1), Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Expression in Small Biopsy in Prognosis of Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma - A Retrograde Single-Center Study from Croatia. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:489-497. [PMID: 28128193 PMCID: PMC5292985 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was carried out in order to evaluate our institutional experience with small biopsy in diagnosis and molecular testing of lung adenocarcinoma. Few specific and predictive markers have been evaluated and correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics and survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma who received platinum-based chemotherapy. There have not been such reports from Croatia. Material/Methods A total of 142 cases of lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively investigated in small biopsies for the immunohistochemical expression of TTF-1, napsin A, ERCC1, ALK, and the EGFR mutation by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). Results TTF-1, napsin A, and ERCC1 expression was found in 81%, 78%, and 69% of patients, respectively, and the expressions were not significantly associated with subtype. Expression of ALK was found in 4% and EGFR mutation in 10% of patients. Exon 19 deletions were the most common. Longer survival was significantly associated with TTF-1 positivity (p=0.007) and napsin A positivity (p=0.026). Higher relative risk of death significantly correlated with positive expression of ERCC1 (p=0.041). Conclusions Positive TTF-1 and napsin A expressions in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were useful diagnostic and favorable prognostic parameters. Positive ERCC1 expression was identified as a negative prognostic marker in patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. The percentages of EGFR and ALK mutations corresponded to those in previously published reports for Caucasians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Piljić Burazer
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Suzana Mladinov
- Department of Pulmonology, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Ćapkun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Sendi Kuret
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Merica Glavina Durdov
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
WANG CHAO, SU HAI, YANG LIN, HUANG KUN. INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS FOR LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA PREDICTS MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC VARIATIONS. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING. PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2017; 22:82-93. [PMID: 27896964 PMCID: PMC5360185 DOI: 10.1142/9789813207813_0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most deadly cancers and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type of lung cancer. However, LUAD is highly heterogeneous due to genetic difference as well as phenotypic differences such as cellular and tissue morphology. In this paper, we systematically examine the relationships between histological features and gene transcription. Specifically, we calculated 283 morphological features from histology images for 201 LUAD patients from TCGA project and identified the morphological feature with strong correlation with patient outcome. We then modeled the morphology feature using multiple co-expressed gene clusters using Lasso-regression. Many of the gene clusters are highly associated with genetic variations, specifically DNA copy number variations, implying that genetic variations play important roles in the development cancer morphology. As far as we know, our finding is the first to directly link the genetic variations and functional genomics to LUAD histology. These observations will lead to new insight on lung cancer development and potential new integrative biomarkers for prediction patient prognosis and response to treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CHAO WANG
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA,
| | - HAI SU
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, 32611, USA,
| | - LIN YANG
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, 32611, USA,
| | - KUN HUANG
- Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, US,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee G, Choi ER, Lee HY, Jeong JY, Ahn JH, Kim S, Bae J, Kim HK, Choi YS, Kim J, Zo J, Lee KS, Shim YM. Pathologic heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinomas: A novel pathologic index predicts survival. Oncotarget 2016; 7:70353-70363. [PMID: 27612421 PMCID: PMC5342557 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the most predominant subtype of invasive lung adenocarcinoma has been reported to have clinical significance, a major limitation of this concept is that most tumors are mixed-subtype. Therefore, we aimed to determine the individual prognostic significance of each subtype and also attempted to establish a pathologic index that reflects the pathologic subtypes and overall heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinomas and evaluated its prognostic significance. The individual prognostic impact of each subtype was assessed from the development cohort using the disease-free survival (DFS) curve of a previous large-scale study. Hazard ratios (HRs) from the development cohort were 1, 1.025, 1.059, 1.495, and 1.160 for the lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid pattern subtype, respectively. Based on the calculated HR of each subtype, four indices representing pathologic heterogeneity were developed. The first and second indices were defined as the sum of the proportions of each subtype multiplied by their HRs, with the addition of either entropy or Gini coefficient, respectively. The third index was calculated as the sum of all subtype percentages multiplied by their HRs. To emphasize heterogeneity, the fourth index was defined as the simple arithmetic sum of the scores of the subtypes multiplied by their HRs. Each subtype was assigned a score of 0 if the subtype was absent and a score of 1 if the subtype was present in a binary fashion. We applied these four pathologic indices to a validation group of 148 patients with comprehensive histologic subtyping for completely resected lung adenocarcinomas. DFS curves were plotted and predictive ability of each pathologic index was evaluated. Among the four pathologic indices, only pathologic index 3 enabled significant patient stratification in the validation cohort according to DFS (P = 0.004) and showed the highest Harrell's C index of 0.691 of all four pathologic indices. In conclusion, we estimated the HR of each subtype and generated four pathologic indices that reflect heterogeneity. One of these, index 3, the pathologic heterogeneity index based on the sum of all subtype percentages multiplied by their HR, possesses good prognostic ability for predicting survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geewon Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - E-Ryung Choi
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joong Hyun Ahn
- Biostatistics Team, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Biostatistics Team, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungmin Bae
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Soo Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jhingook Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeil Zo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Negative Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 Expression Defines an Unfavorable Subgroup of Lung Adenocarcinomas. J Thorac Oncol 2016. [PMID: 26200450 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) is a master regulator of pulmonary differentiation that is downregulated in a subset of lung adenocarcinoma, of which the clinicopathologic characteristics were not fully clarified. METHODS One thousand forty-two lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery were investigated for clinic characteristics, histologic subtyping, and spectrum of well-identified driver mutations. TTF1 expression was correlated with these clinicopathologic factors and survival. RESULTS Compared with TTF1 positive (TTF1+) patients, the 133 negative individuals (12.8%, TTF1-) were more likely to be male (p = 0.006) and heavy smokers (p = 0.002) who had larger tumor size (p < 0.001) and more advanced disease stage (p < 0.001). TTF1- presented more in solid and invasive mucinous-predominant carcinomas (both p < 0.001), whereas TTF1+ was identified in 100% patients with adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive and lepidic-predominant adenocarcinomas. The TTF1- tumors harbored the known driver mutations in significantly low frequency compared with TTF1+ adenocarcinomas (57.8% versus 78.1%, p < 0.001), especially in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (37.6% versus 60.7%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival between the TTF1- and TTF1+ patients, either for the whole cohort or stratified by pathologic stage, or among the driver mutation-defined subsets. However, recurrence of multiple metastases was more likely to occur in patients with TTF1- adenocarcinomas (88.1% versus 32.4%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that TTF1- independently predicted both poor postrecurrence survival (hazard ratio = 1.664; 95% confidence interval , 1.097-2.524; p = 0.017) and unfavorable overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.553; 95% confidence interval , 1.013-2.381; p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS TTF1- correlated with solid and invasive mucinous subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma and lower frequency of EGFR mutations. It defines a subgroup of lung adenocarcinomas with unfavorable outcomes.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang YQ, Wang WY, Xue JX, Xu Y, Fan P, Caughey BA, Tan WW, Cao GQ, Jiang LL, Lu Y, Zhang K, Hu X. MicroRNA Expression Profile on Solid Subtype of Invasive Lung Adenocarcinoma Reveals a Panel of Four miRNAs to Be Associated with Poor Prognosis in Chinese Patients. J Cancer 2016; 7:1610-1620. [PMID: 27698898 PMCID: PMC5039382 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the reclassification of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) proposed in 2011, solid predominant lung adenocarcinoma (SPA) has been associated with poor outcomes for LAC patients. However, the prognostic value of the presence of solid subtype remains unclear. Besides, there is little data about the roles of microRNA (miRNA) in solid subtype of LAC. In this study, 243 LAC patients were classified into solid subtype positive and negative groups (S+ LAC, n=134 and S- LAC, n=109) according to whether the solid subtype was more than 5% of the tumor component or not. We analyzed the relationship between solid subtype and patients' outcome by univariate and multivariate analyses. Solid subtype was proved to be significantly associated with the 5-year overall survival and played as an independent prognostic factor for stage I-III invasive LAC patients. Then miRNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in solid subtype, resulting in 31 differential miRNAs. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to validate 4 key miRNAs (miR-133b, miR-155-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-145-5p). Further, CCK-8 and transwell assays were performed to validate the impact of one dysregulated miRNA (miR-133b) on LAC cell function. Interestingly, while miR-133b could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 and SPC-A1, it showed no effect on the migration or invasion of LAC cell lines. These results suggest that solid subtype can exert independent prognostic impact on LAC patients, and 4 important dysregulated miRNAs in solid subtype of LAC may be involved in the malignancy of S+LAC, thus may further have clinical perspective for S+ LAC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhang
- 1. Biorepository, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei-Ya Wang
- 2. Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian-Xin Xue
- 3. Department of Thoracic Oncology and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Xu
- 1. Biorepository, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fan
- 1. Biorepository, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bennett Adam Caughey
- 4. Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei-Wei Tan
- 1. Biorepository, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gui-Qun Cao
- 5. Molecular Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- 2. Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - You Lu
- 3. Department of Thoracic Oncology and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- 4. Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; 5. Molecular Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; 6. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xun Hu
- 1. Biorepository, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yanagawa N, Shiono S, Abiko M, Katahira M, Osakabe M, Ogata SY. The Clinical Impact of Solid and Micropapillary Patterns in Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:1976-1983. [PMID: 27374456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the new adenocarcinoma (ADC) classification was presented in 2011, several authors have reported that patients with solid (S) and/or micropapillary (MP) predominant patterns showed a worse prognosis. On the other hand, there are several patients who have S and/or MP patterns even if their patterns are not predominant. However, the evaluation of these patients is uncertain. METHODS A total of 531 ADCs were examined. We classified the patients into five subgroups according to the proportion of S and/or MP patterns: (1) both patterns absent (S-/MP-), (2) S predominant (S pre), (3) MP predominant (MP pre), (4) S pattern present although not predominant and MP pattern absent (S+ not pre/MP-), and (5) MP pattern present although not predominant (MP+ not pre). RESULTS Of the 531 ADCs, 384 (72.3%) were classified as S-/MP-, 55 (10.4%) as S pre, 11 (2.1%) as MP pre, 42 (7.9%) as S+ not pre/MP-, and 39 (7.3%) as MP+ not pre. In a univariate analysis, the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival differed significantly among the five subgroups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, patients with S-/MP- had significantly higher RFS rates than did those with other subgroups. On the other hand, patients with MP pre had lower RFS rates than did those with other subgroups. CONCLUSION Patients with S and/or MP patterns have a poorer prognosis even if their patterns are not predominant. The S and/or MP patterns must be treated at the time of diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Shiono
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masami Abiko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masato Katahira
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Ogata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Continuous epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration in primary lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring favorable mutations with controlled target lung tumors dose not hinder survival benefit despite small new lesions. Biomed J 2016; 39:121-9. [PMID: 27372167 PMCID: PMC6140297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we investigated the efficacy of continuous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) administration in lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring favorable mutations regarding the progressive disease (PD) status with appearance of indolent new lesions. Methods From June 2010 to October 2012, 102 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, harboring favorable EGFR mutations and treated with EGFR-TKI were analyzed. Definite new lesions were detected during EGFR-TKI therapy, even though the primary target tumors were controlled. Results Of the 102 patients, 57 continued and 45 discontinued EGFR-TKI therapy. The median overall survival was 529 days for the discontinuation group and 791 days for the continuation group (p = 0.0197). Median survival time after the discontinuation of EGFR-TKI was 181 days and 115 days in the discontinuation and continuation groups, respectively (p = 0.1776), whereas median survival time after the appearance of indolent new lesions was 204 days and 262 days, respectively (p = 0.0237). Conclusion Continuous EGFR-TKI administration in favorable EGFR-mutative lung adenocarcinoma patients with controlled primary tumors did not hinder the survival benefit, despite the appearance of new lesions.
Collapse
|
47
|
Su Y, Guarnera MA, Fang H, Jiang F. Small non-coding RNA biomarkers in sputum for lung cancer diagnosis. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:36. [PMID: 27176474 PMCID: PMC4866414 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of lung cancer can reduce the mortality. However, there is no effective means in clinical settings for noninvasively detecting lung cancer. We previously developed 3 sputum miRNA biomarkers and 2 sputum small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) biomarkers that can potentially be used for noninvasively diagnosing lung cancer. Here we evaluate the individual and combined applications of the two types of biomarkers in different sets of lung cancer patients and controls. Combined analysis of the miRNAs and snoRNAs has a synergistic effect with 89 % sensitivity and 89 % specificity, and may provide a useful tool for lung cancer early detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Rd., Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Maria A Guarnera
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 7th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1192, USA
| | - HongBin Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 7th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1192, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Khalil FK, Altiok S. Advances in EGFR as a Predictive Marker in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Control 2016; 22:193-9. [PMID: 26068764 DOI: 10.1177/107327481502200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common cause of mortality. Toxins from tobacco smoke are known to increase the risk of lung cancer; however, up to 15% of lung cancer-related deaths in men and up to 50% of lung cancer-related deaths in women occur in people who do not smoke. Despite the fact that chemotherapy generally provides a survival benefit for non-small-cell lung cancer, not every patient will respond to therapy and many experience therapy-related adverse events. Thus, predictive markers are used to determine which patients are more likely to respond to a given regimen. METHODS We reviewed the current medical literature in English relating to predictive markers that may be positive, such as the presence of an activating EGFR mutation. RESULTS The advances in using EGFR as a molecular predictive marker were summarized. This biomarker influences therapeutic response in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Clinical evidence supporting its value is also reviewed. CONCLUSIONS The use of EGFR as a predictive factor in lung adenocarcinoma may help target therapy to individual tumors to achieve the best likelihood for long-term survival and to avoid adverse events from medications unlikely to be effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah K Khalil
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Doldo E, Costanza G, Ferlosio A, Pompeo E, Agostinelli S, Bellezza G, Mazzaglia D, Giunta A, Sidoni A, Orlandi A. High expression of cellular retinol binding protein-1 in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. Genes Cancer 2016; 6:490-502. [PMID: 26807202 PMCID: PMC4701228 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adenocarcinoma, the most common non-small cell lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with a low overall survival (OS) despite increasing attempts to achieve an early diagnosis and accomplish surgical and multimodality treatment strategies. Cellular retinol binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) regulates retinol bioavailability and cell differentiation, but its role in lung cancerogenesis remains uncertain. Experimental design CRBP-1 expression, clinical outcome and other prognostic factors were investigated in 167 lung adenocarcinoma patients. CRBP-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray sections, gene copy number analysis and tumor methylation specific PCR. Effects of CRBP-1 expression on proliferation/apoptosis gene array, protein and transcripts were investigated in transfected A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Results CRBP-1High expression was observed in 62.3% of adenocarcinomas and correlated with increased tumor grade and reduced OS as an independent prognostic factor. CRBP-1 gene copy gain also associated with tumor CRBP-1High status and dedifferentiation. CRBP-1-transfected (CRBP-1+) A549 grew more than CRBP-1− A549 cells. At >1μM concentrations, all trans-retinoic acid and retinol reduced viability more in CRBP-1+ than in CRBP-1− A549 cells. CRBP-1+ A549 cells showed up-regulated RARα/ RXRα and proliferative and transcriptional genes including pAkt, pEGFR, pErk1/2, creb1 and c-jun, whereas RARβ and p53 were strongly down-regulated; pAkt/pErk/ pEGFR inhibitors counteracted proliferative advantage and increased RARα/RXRα, c-jun and CD44 expression in CRBP-1+ A549 cells. Conclusion CRBP-1High expression in lung adenocarcinoma correlated with increased tumor grade and reduced OS, likely through increased Akt/Erk/EGFR-mediated cell proliferation and differentiation. CRBP-1High expression can be considered an additional marker of poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Doldo
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetana Costanza
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Amedeo Ferlosio
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sara Agostinelli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Donatella Mazzaglia
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giunta
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tor Vergata Policlinic of Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yagi Y, Riedlinger G, Xu X, Nakamura A, Levy B, Iafrate AJ, Mino-Kenudson M, Klepeis VE. Development of a database system and image viewer to assist in the correlation of histopathologic features and digital image analysis with clinical and molecular genetic information. Pathol Int 2016; 66:63-74. [PMID: 26778830 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathologists are required to integrate data from multiple sources when making a diagnosis. Furthermore, whole slide imaging (WSI) and next generation sequencing will escalate data size and complexity. Development of well-designed databases that can allow efficient navigation between multiple data types is necessary for both clinical and research purposes. We developed and evaluated an interactive, web-based database that integrates clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical and genetic information to aid in pathologic diagnosis and interpretation with nine lung adenocarcinoma cases. To minimize sectioning artifacts, representative blocks were serially sectioned using automated tissue sectioning (Kurabo Industries, Osaka Japan) and selected slides were stained by multiple techniques, (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], immunohistochemistry [IHC] or fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]). Slides were digitized by WSI scanners. An interactive relational database was designed based on a list of proposed fields covering a variety of clinical, pathologic and molecular parameters. By focusing on the three main tasks of 1.) efficient management of textual information, 2.) effective viewing of all varieties of stained whole slide images (WSI), and 3.) assistance in evaluating WSI with computer-aided diagnosis, this database prototype shows great promise for multi-modality research and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Yagi
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Riedlinger
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xun Xu
- Sony Electronics, Inc., San Jose, California, USA
| | | | - Bruce Levy
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronica E Klepeis
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|