1
|
Tanese K, Ogata D. The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor family and CD74 in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15122. [PMID: 38884501 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive tumour with poor prognosis that arises from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Over the past few decades, intense research into the pathogenesis of melanoma has led to the development of BRAF and immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which have shown clinically significant efficacy. However, some tumours do not respond to these therapies initially or become treatment resistant. Most melanoma tissues appear to possess biological characteristics that allow them to evade these treatments, and identifying these characteristics is one of the major challenges facing cancer researchers. One such characteristic that has recently gained attention is the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its receptor CD74. This review outlines the cellular and molecular functions of CD74, MIF and their family of proteins. We then review their roles in tumours based on previous reports, highlight their pathological significance in melanoma and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Tanese
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Ogata
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Yin C, Yang X, Lu Y, Wang C, Liu B. Risk factors and predictive models for early death in patients with advanced melanoma: A population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35380. [PMID: 37800813 PMCID: PMC10552983 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for advanced melanoma (AM) is extremely poor. Some patients are already in an advanced stage at the time of their first diagnosis and face a significant risk of early death. This study predicted all-cause early death and cancer-specific early death in patients with AM by identifying independent risk factors, building 2 separate nomogram models, and validating the efficiency of the models. A total of 2138 patients diagnosed with AM from 2010 to 2015 were registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and randomly assigned to a training cohort and a validation cohort. Logistic regression models were used to identify the associated independent risk factors. These factors have also been used to build nomograms for early deaths. Next, we validated the model's predictive power by examining subject operating characteristic curves, then applied calibration curves to assess the accuracy of the models, and finally, tested the net benefit of interventions based on decision curve analysis. The results of the logistic regression model showed that marital status, primary site, histological type, N stage, surgery, chemotherapy, bone, liver, lung and brain metastases were significant independent risk factors for early death. These identified factors contributed to the creation of 2 nomograms, which predict the risk of all-cause early death and cancer-specific early death in patients with AM. In the all-cause early death model, the area under the curve was 0.751 and 0.759 for the training and validation groups, respectively, whereas in the cancer-specific early death model, the area under the curve was 0.740 and 0.757 for the training and validation groups. Calibration curves indicated a high degree of agreement between the predicted and observed probabilities, and the decision curve analysis demonstrated a high value for the model in terms of its applicability in clinical settings. These nomograms have practical applications in predicting the risk of early death in patients with AM, helping oncologists to intervene early and develop more personalized treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siru Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cunli Yin
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingchun Lu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - ChunYu Wang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaydina TA, Dvornikov AS, Patsap OI, Tairova RT, Lange DA. PRIMARY MULTIPLE MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS: MELANOMA AND BASAL CELL CARCINOMA. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2023. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of skin melanoma in the world is growing every year. Despite advances in diagnostics, the identification of the primary focus of melanoma in some cases is still difficult. The natural course sometimes manifests only with the appearance of melanoma metastases, which can mimic other diseases. Patient S., 52 years old, was admitted to the FCBRN of FMBA of Russia with complaints on periodic systemic dizziness, headaches of a pressing nature, episodes of speech impairment over the past three months. According to the brain MRI-scan results, a volumetric formation of the left frontal lobe was revealed. Upon examination, two non-pigmented lesions were found on the skin of the scalp and forehead. Due to the presence of focal neurological symptoms, it was decided to remove the brain tumor using neurophysiological monitoring and the scalp skin lesion, with histological verification. Morphological diagnosis of the removed brain tumor was a metastasis of amelanotic epithelioid melanoma. The skin lesion was basal cell carcinoma. Thus, the patient had primarily multiple malignant tumors: metastatic melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. The primary focus of melanoma could not be identified by available noninvasive research methods. The patient was referred to an oncologist to decide on the tactics of further examination and treatment. To date, the patient has been treated according to the scheme sh0876 1 line 1 course of pembrolizumab 400mg IV, cycle 42 days.
Collapse
|
4
|
Vásquez AF, Gómez LA, González Barrios A, Riaño-Pachón DM. Identification of Active Compounds against Melanoma Growth by Virtual Screening for Non-Classical Human DHFR Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13946. [PMID: 36430425 PMCID: PMC9694616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifolates such as methotrexate (MTX) have been largely known as anticancer agents because of their role in blocking nucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation. Their mechanism of action lies in their ability to inhibit enzymes involved in the folic acid cycle, especially human dihydrofolate reductase (hDHFR). However, most of them have a classical structure that has proven ineffective against melanoma, and, therefore, inhibitors with a non-classical lipophilic structure are increasingly becoming an attractive alternative to circumvent this clinical resistance. In this study, we conducted a protocol combining virtual screening (VS) and cell-based assays to identify new potential non-classical hDHFR inhibitors. Among 173 hit compounds identified (average logP = 3.68; average MW = 378.34 Da), two-herein, called C1 and C2-exhibited activity against melanoma cell lines B16 and A375 by MTT and Trypan-Blue assays. C1 showed cell growth arrest (39% and 56%) and C2 showed potent cytotoxic activity (77% and 51%) in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of C2 on A375 cell viability were greater than MTX (98% vs 60%) at equivalent concentrations and times. Our results indicate that the integrated in silico/in vitro approach provided a benchmark to identify novel promising non-classical DHFR inhibitors showing activity against melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Vásquez
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), School of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Naturalius SAS, Bogotá 110221, Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Gómez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Andrés González Barrios
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), School of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Diego M. Riaño-Pachón
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional, Evolutiva e de Sistemas, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nofallah S, Mokhtari M, Wu W, Mehta S, Knezevich S, May CJ, Chang OH, Lee AC, Elmore JG, Shapiro LG. Segmenting Skin Biopsy Images with Coarse and Sparse Annotations using U-Net. J Digit Imaging 2022; 35:1238-1249. [PMID: 35501416 PMCID: PMC9060411 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-022-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of melanoma diagnoses has increased dramatically over the past three decades, outpacing almost all other cancers. Nearly 1 in 4 skin biopsies is of melanocytic lesions, highlighting the clinical and public health importance of correct diagnosis. Deep learning image analysis methods may improve and complement current diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. The histologic evaluation of melanocytic lesions, including melanoma and its precursors, involves determining whether the melanocytic population involves the epidermis, dermis, or both. Semantic segmentation of clinically important structures in skin biopsies is a crucial step towards an accurate diagnosis. While training a segmentation model requires ground-truth labels, annotation of large images is a labor-intensive task. This issue becomes especially pronounced in a medical image dataset in which expert annotation is the gold standard. In this paper, we propose a two-stage segmentation pipeline using coarse and sparse annotations on a small region of the whole slide image as the training set. Segmentation results on whole slide images show promising performance for the proposed pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojgan Mokhtari
- Pathology Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Wenjun Wu
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sachin Mehta
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Caitlin J May
- Dermatopathology Northwest, Bellevue, WA, 98005, USA
| | | | - Annie C Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Joann G Elmore
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Improving the Diagnosis of Skin Biopsies Using Tissue Segmentation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071713. [PMID: 35885617 PMCID: PMC9316584 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive melanoma, a common type of skin cancer, is considered one of the deadliest. Pathologists routinely evaluate melanocytic lesions to determine the amount of atypia, and if the lesion represents an invasive melanoma, its stage. However, due to the complicated nature of these assessments, inter- and intra-observer variability among pathologists in their interpretation are very common. Machine-learning techniques have shown impressive and robust performance on various tasks including healthcare. In this work, we study the potential of including semantic segmentation of clinically important tissue structure in improving the diagnosis of skin biopsy images. Our experimental results show a 6% improvement in F-score when using whole slide images along with epidermal nests and cancerous dermal nest segmentation masks compared to using whole-slide images alone in training and testing the diagnosis pipeline.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rago A, Annibali O, Tomarchio V, Coppetelli U, Fazio F, Cupelli L, Fiorini A, Piciocchi A, Tafuri A, Caravita di Toritto T. Autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients over 70 years: A GIMEMA Lazio Working Group experience in a retrospective case-control study. Eur J Haematol Suppl 2022; 109:250-256. [PMID: 35617025 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) is the standard treatment for young patient ≤65 years with multiple myeloma (MM). The role of auto-SCT in elderly patients older than 70 years remains controversial in the era of novel agents and especially since the recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies (AbMo). In this study, we evaluated 12 patients with MM over 70 years old undergoing auto-SCT (elderly graft cohort) in seven centers of GIMEMA Working Group Lazio. We compared the baseline characteristics, treatment and outcome with 97 MM elderly patients who did not receive auto-SCT (nontransplant patients) from the same registry who were ≥ 70 years old, but did not undergo auto-SCT. The median progression free survival (PFS) for graft versus no-graft cohort was 56.4 versus 26.1 months, respectively. There was a trend for better PFS among graft compared to nontransplant patient (p = .1). On the other hand, the median overall survival for transplant versus nontransplant cohort was 107.6 versus 49.5 months (p = .02). Despite the small number of patients aged ≥70 years and ≤74 years, it seems that auto-SCT is well tolerated, safe and effective. Therefore, we propose that it should be considered an important treatment option in the era of new drugs in elderly fit patients with MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ombretta Annibali
- Area di Ematologia, Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio Medico, Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Tomarchio
- Area di Ematologia, Trapianto di Cellule Staminali, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio Medico, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Fazio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e di Precisione - Ematologia, Università Sapienza di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Cupelli
- Ospedale Sant'Eugenio, UOC Ematologia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mahjoub H, Loya A, Ayaz T, Weng CY. Second Primary Malignancies following a Diagnosis of Conjunctival Melanoma. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:634-641. [PMID: 34898336 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2018465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although incidence of second primary malignancies (SPMs) has been investigated in patients with cutaneous melanoma and uveal melanoma, limited studies have investigated their occurrence subsequent to conjunctival melanoma (CM). We conducted a retrospective observational study to assess incidence of SPMs in patients with primary CM and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS Cases of first primary CM diagnosed from 2000 to 2018 were extracted from the national cancer database Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and excess absolute risk (EAR) of SPMs were calculated compared to a matched cohort from the general population with similar sex, race, age group, and calendar year. EAR was per 10,000 individuals, and a P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 471 patients met inclusion criteria, 57 (12.1%) of whom developed second primary malignancies (excluding eye and orbit melanomas) over an average (±SD) follow-up period of 6.8 (±5.0) years. Average age at diagnosis for the overall cohort was 60.2 (±18.6) years. Patients with CM demonstrated a significantly increased risk for overall SPMs relative to the general population, even after excluding eye and orbit melanomas (SIR 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.97; EAR 67.58). Specific sites and malignancy types with increased risk were cutaneous melanoma (SIR 7.95; 95% CI, 4.45-13.12; EAR 45.34), ophthalmic non-melanoma malignancies (SIR 80.92; 95% CI, 2.05-450.84; EAR 3.41), and non-intrahepatic biliary malignancies (SIR 11.72; 95% CI, 1.42-42.32; EAR 6.32). Risk of overall SPMs (excluding eye and orbit melanomas) was significantly increased 5-10 years from diagnosis date. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CM had an increased incidence of SPMs compared to the general population. Specifically, these patients developed more cutaneous, ophthalmic non-melanoma, and non-intrahepatic biliary malignancies. These second neoplasms could be due to shared pathophysiology or mutual risk factors. Patients with CM may benefit from surveillance for SPMs, such as annual age-appropriate screenings in the first 10 years after diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mahjoub
- School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Asad Loya
- School of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Talha Ayaz
- School of Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Christina Y Weng
- School of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar A, Vatsa A. Untangling Classification Methods for Melanoma Skin Cancer. Front Big Data 2022; 5:848614. [PMID: 35425892 PMCID: PMC9002328 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2022.848614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the USA, and it is a leading cause of death worldwide. Every year, more than five million patients are newly diagnosed in the USA. The deadliest and most serious form of skin cancer is called melanoma. Skin cancer can affect anyone, regardless of skin color, race, gender, and age. The diagnosis of melanoma has been done by visual examination and manual techniques by skilled doctors. It is a time-consuming process and highly prone to error. The skin images captured by dermoscopy eliminate the surface reflection of skin and give a better visualization of deeper levels of the skin. However, the existence of many artifacts and noise such as hair, veins, and water residue make the lesion images very complex. Due to the complexity of images, the border detection, feature extraction, and classification process are challenging. Without a proper mechanism, it is hard to identify and predict melanoma at an early stage. Therefore, there is a need to provide precise details, identify early skin cancer, and classify skin cancer with appropriate sensitivity and precision. This article aims to review and analyze two deep neural network-based classification algorithms (convolutional neural network, CNN; recurrent neural network, RNN) and a decision tree-based algorithm (XG-Boost) on skin lesion images (ISIC dataset) and find which of these provides the best classification performance metric. Also, the performance of algorithms is compared using six different metrics—loss, accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and ROC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Kumar
- Monroe Township High School, Monroe Township, NJ, United States
| | - Avimanyou Vatsa
- Department of Computer Science, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Avimanyou Vatsa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salgado MTSF, Fernandes E Silva E, Matsumoto AM, Mattozo FH, Amarante MCAD, Kalil SJ, Votto APDS. C-phycocyanin decreases proliferation and migration of melanoma cells: In silico and in vitro evidences. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105757. [PMID: 35339928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and number of deaths caused by melanoma have been increasing in recent years, and the pigment C-phycocyanin (C-PC) appears as a possible alternative to treat this disease. So, the objective of this study was to combine in silico and in vitro analysis to understand the main anti-melanoma pathways exerted by C-PC. We evaluated the ability of C-PC to bind to the main cellular targets related in the progression of melanoma through molecular docking, and the reflection of this bind in the biological effects in the B16F10 cell line through in vitro analysis. Our results showed that C-PC was able to bind BRAF and MEK, which are related to the signal transduction pathway for proliferation and survival. There was also an interaction between C-PC and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6. In vitro analysis demonstrated that C-PC decreased B16F10 cell proliferation, as observed by cell viability and mitotic index assays. C-PC also interacted with matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 and N-cadherin, which may have caused the decrease in cell migration observed in vitro. Besides that, C-PC interacts with VEGF, a factor responsible for regulating the proliferation and cellular invasion pathways. Finally, C-PC did not alter the cell viability of the non-tumoral melanocytes. Therefore, C-PC is a strong anti-tumor candidate for the treatment of melanoma, since it acts in different cellular pathways of melanoma, without causing damage to non-tumoral cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andressa Mai Matsumoto
- Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielly Hafele Mattozo
- Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Paula de Souza Votto
- Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bardou D, Bouaziz H, Lv L, Zhang T. Hair removal in dermoscopy images using variational autoencoders. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:445-454. [PMID: 35254677 PMCID: PMC9907627 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, melanoma is rising at a faster rate compared to other cancers. Although it is the most serious type of skin cancer, the diagnosis at early stages makes it curable. Dermoscopy is a reliable medical technique used to detect melanoma by using a dermoscope to examine the skin. In the last few decades, digital imaging devices have made great progress which allowed capturing and storing high-quality images from these examinations. The stored images are now being standardized and used for the automatic detection of melanoma. However, when the hair covers the skin, this makes the task challenging. Therefore, it is important to eliminate the hair to get accurate results. METHODS In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient method for hair removal using a variational autoencoder without the need for paired samples. The encoder takes as input a dermoscopy image and builds a latent distribution that ignores hair as it is considered noise, while the decoder reconstructs a hair-free image. Both encoder and decoder use a decent convolutional neural networks architecture that provides high performance. The construction of our model comprises two stages of training. In the first stage, the model has trained on hair-occluded images to output hair-free images, and in the second stage, it is optimized using hair-free images to preserve the image textures. Although the variational autoencoder produces hair-free images, it does not maintain the quality of the generated images. Thus, we explored the use of three-loss functions including the structural similarity index (SSIM), L1-norm, and L2-norm to improve the visual quality of the generated images. RESULTS The evaluation of the hair-free reconstructed images is carried out using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (SNE) feature mapping by visualizing the distribution of the real hair-free images and the synthesized hair-free images. The conducted experiments on the publicly available dataset HAM10000 show that our method is very efficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Bardou
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics University of Abbes Laghrour Khenchela Algeria
| | - Hamida Bouaziz
- Mécatronique Laboratory Department of Computer Science Jijel University Jijel Algeria
| | - Laishui Lv
- School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tukiendorf A, Kamińska-Winciorek G, Lancé MD, Olszak-Wąsik K, Szczepanowski Z, Kulik-Parobczy I, Wolny-Rokicka EI. Recent Malignant Melanoma Epidemiology in Upper Silesia, Poland. A Decade-Long Study Focusing on the Agricultural Sector. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010863. [PMID: 34682617 PMCID: PMC8535977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to create spatial and spatio-temporal patterns of cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) incidence in Upper Silesia, Poland, using the largest MM database (<4K cases) in Central Europe, focusing on the agricultural sector. The data comprised all the registered cancer cases (C43, according to the International Classification of Diseases after the 10th Revision) between the years 2004-2013 by the Regional Cancer Registries (RCRs) in Opole and Gliwice. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), spatio-temporal growth rates (GRs), and disease cluster relative risks (RRs) were estimated. Based on the regression coefficients, we have indicated irregularities of spatial variance in cutaneous malignant melanoma, especially in older women (≥60), and a possible age-migrating effect of agricultural population density on the risk of malignant melanoma in Upper Silesia. All the estimates were illustrated in choropleth thematic maps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Tukiendorf
- Department of Population Health, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Bartla 5, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-601-409-079
| | - Grażyna Kamińska-Winciorek
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, National Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, ul. Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Marcus Daniel Lancé
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Rayyan Street, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar;
| | - Katarzyna Olszak-Wąsik
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology, School of Medicine and Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | | | - Iwona Kulik-Parobczy
- Department of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ita MI, Wang JH, Fanning N, Kaar G, Lim C, Redmond HP. Plasma circulating cell free messenger RNA as a potential biomarker of melanoma. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:1201-1209. [PMID: 34086522 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1928749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood borne cell free nucleic acids are increasingly emerging as significant non-invasive adjuncts to current methods of disease status evaluation in cancer patients. In this study, we sought to examine whether significant differences exist in the plasma transcriptomic profile of advanced melanoma patients with a high disease burden compared to patients with a low disease burden or therapeutic response. METHODS Pathway focussed gene expression analysis was performed using cDNA derived from the plasma circulating cell free messenger ribonucleic acid (ccfmRNA) samples of twenty-two patients with advanced melanoma. Patients were assessed with paired blood sample collection and CT scan assessments at baseline and at 3 months follow up. RESULTS We identified several genes which were significantly over-expressed in patients with a low disease burden or therapeutic response; BCL2L1, CXCL9, IDO1, IL13, MIF, MYD88 and TLR4 (p ≤ 0.001, versus high disease burden). There was an increase in the magnitude of fold change (2^ (-dd CT)) of BCL2L1 (p = 0.031), CCL4 (p = 0.001), CCL5 (p = 0.043), CXCL9 (p = 0.012), GZMB (p = 0.023) and TNFSF10 (p = 0.039) genes in patients with therapeutic response at 3 months follow up assessment relative to baseline assessment. Moreover, in stage IV melanoma patients with brain metastases, CCL18, CCR1, CCR4, CD274, CSF2, EGF, and PTGS2 genes were significantly over-expressed (p < 0.001, versus patients without melanoma brain metastasis). CONCLUSION Significant differences were observed in the plasma transcriptomic profile between the various melanoma patient groups, and we postulate that these differences may be exploited to identify novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers relevant to melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Itak Ita
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jiang Huai Wang
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Fanning
- Department of Radiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - George Kaar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chris Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Matkovic S, Dotlic J, Gazibara T, Maric G, Nikolic V, Maksimovic N. Functional assessment of cancer therapy questionnaire for melanoma in the Serbian population: A factor analytic approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253937. [PMID: 34191859 PMCID: PMC8244891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy—Melanoma (FACT-M) questionnaire in the Serbian language. The FACT-M was translated into Serbian using the standard methodology after obtaining the licence from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) translation project team. This version of FACT-M was distributed to a cohort of consecutive patients with histologically confirmed high-risk skin melanoma treated at the tertiary referral center. To examine construct validity of the FACT-M in Serbian, we performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The FACT-General (FACT-G) did not fit the original 4-domain structure. Instead, we accepted a 7-domain structure which, aside from physical, emotional, social and functional well-being, had domains of ‘friends’ support’, ‘illness acceptance’ and ‘fear of death’. Melanoma scale (MS) and Melanoma surgery scale (MSS) did not fit the original one-dimensional structure. The MS was observed to have 4 domains: ‘pain’, ‘skin problems’, ‘abdominal metastases’ and ‘other problems’. The MSS was observed to have 2 domains: ‘having symptoms’ and ‘no symptoms’. It is suggested that the FACT-M questionnaire is analyzed using the newly extracted domains to examine quality of life of people with high-risk melanoma in Serbia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Matkovic
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dotlic
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorica Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Maksimovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cullison CR, Zheng DX, Levoska MA, Bordeaux JS, Scott JF. Inconsistencies in Cutaneous Melanoma Staging Within SEER Registries. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:727-729. [PMID: 33950199 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Cullison
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David X Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Melissa A Levoska
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeremy S Bordeaux
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey F Scott
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Razavi A, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Pawelek J, Rezaei N. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for melanoma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:209-223. [PMID: 33481629 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1880895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a cancer treatment. After initial therapeutic success for hematologic malignancies, this approach has been extended for the treatment of solid tumors including melanoma. AREAS COVERED T cells need to be reprogramed to recognize specific antigens expressed only in tumor cells, a difficult problem since cancer cells are simply transformed normal cells. Tumor antigens, namely, CSPG4, CD70, and GD2 have been targeted by CAR-T cells for melanoma. Moreover, different co-stimulatory signaling domains need to be selected to direct T cell fate. In this review, various approaches for the treatment of melanoma and their effectiveness are comprehensively reviewed and the current status, challenges, and future perspective of CAR-T cell therapy for melanoma are discussed. Literature search was accomplished in three databases (PubMed, Google scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov). Published papers and clinical trials were screened and relevant documents were included by checking pre-defined eligibility criteria. EXPERT OPINION Despite obstacles and the risk of adverse events, CAR T cell therapy could be used for patients with treatment-resistant cancer. Clinical trials are underway to determine the efficacy of this approach for the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadehsadat Razavi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology Sciences, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - John Pawelek
- Department of Dermatology and the Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common tumours of the skin. Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) has been applied in the auxiliary diagnosis of various malignancies, as a tumour marker. This study aims to evaluate diagnostic, therapeutic efficacy and prognostic value of plasma HSP90α levels in malignant melanoma. In this study, higher plasma HSP90α levels and abnormal rates were found in malignant melanoma patients than in healthy controls (92.63 vs. 51.84 ng/mL; P < 0.001 and 68.30 vs. 8.30%; P < 0.001). Plasma HSP90α levels were higher with Breslow thickness >4 mm, a high Clark level (IV + V), abnormal serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), distant metastases occurrence and Ki-67≥30% (P < 0.05). The area under the curves (AUCs) of HSP90α was greater than LDH in the training (0.847 vs. 0.677) and validation (0.867 vs. 0.672) cohort. Meanwhile, the sensitivity (76.70%) and negative predictive values (78.80%) of HSP90α were higher. Plasma HSP90α levels were significantly reduced in objective response (81.05 vs. 37.26 ng/mL; P = 0.012) and disease control patients (84.16 vs. 47.05 ng/mL; P = 0.002) post-treatment. Patients with normal HSP90α levels had slightly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those with abnormal levels (8.0 vs. 3.5 months; P = 0.096). Unfortunately, the trend was not statistically significant. In multivariable analysis, immunotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for PFS. Nevertheless, patients with normal HSP90α levels who received chemotherapy(±targeted therapy) without immunotherapy had significantly longer PFS than patients with abnormal levels (6.0 vs. 2.0 months; P = 0.008). Therefore, HSP90α can be used for auxiliary diagnosis and predict the responses to therapy in malignant melanoma patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Daniel VT, Crawford A, Kiefe CI, Mahmoud BH. Recurrence and Mortality of Melanoma In Situ of the Trunk or Extremities: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Analysis. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1-5. [PMID: 32271178 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrate comparable outcomes of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) versus local excision (LE) for melanoma in situ. These studies are limited by their focus on the head and neck. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to compare 5-year overall and melanoma-specific mortality among patients with melanoma in situ of the trunk or extremities who undergo MMS versus LE. The secondary objective was to compare 5-year local recurrence among the same cohort of patients who undergo MMS versus LE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000-2015) was queried to identify patients who underwent MMS versus LE for melanoma in situ of the trunk, upper extremities, or lower extremities. Outcomes were 5-year recurrence, melanoma-specific mortality, and overall mortality. Multivariable regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Thirty three thousand nine hundred eighty-three patients underwent surgical treatment (MMS 3%; LE 97%). In adjusted analyses, there was no difference in local recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-1.78), melanoma-specific mortality (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.12-6.47), nor overall mortality (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.82-1.48) between MMS versus LE. CONCLUSION There is no difference of 5-year local recurrence, melanoma-specific mortality, nor overall mortality associated with MMS versus LE for melanoma in situ of the trunk or extremities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya T Daniel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Catarina I Kiefe
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Bassel H Mahmoud
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts; and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Epidemiology and Survival Outcomes for Eyelid Primary Malignant Melanoma: An Analysis of 1397 Cases in the SEER Database. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:4858636. [PMID: 33520295 PMCID: PMC7803156 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4858636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There has not been a recent population-based study regarding the epidemiological trend and survival of eyelid primary malignant melanoma (PMM). Our study aims to evaluate the updated incidence trends and discuss the factors affecting the survival outcomes of eyelid PMM. Methods A total of 1397 eyelid PMM cases diagnosed between 1975 and 2016 were retrospectively identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Age-adjusted incidence rates and annual percent changes (APC) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate survival outcomes and identify potential prognostic factors. Results The overall age-adjusted incidence of eyelid PMM rose from 0.039 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.012–0.088) in 1975 to 0.103 (95% CI, 0.070–0.143) per 100 000 population in 2016, with significant APC of 1.313% (p < 0.001). Male subjects showed a higher average age-adjusted incidence rate than female subjects (p < 0.001). Survival analyses showed that 5-year accumulative overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) for patients with eyelid PMM were 70.5% and 90.6%. Additionally, 10-year OS and DSS were 51.8% and 86.1%, respectively. Analyses of Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the log-rank test revealed that older age, White race, nodular melanoma, higher American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (II to IV), advanced stage, distant metastasis, and no-surgery treatment were associated with lower OS and DSS rates. Age, histology, AJCC stage, and stage at diagnosis were found to be independent predictors of OS and DSS in multivariate models. Conclusion The incidence of eyelid PMM increased with significant APC and male predominance. Age, histology, AJCC stage, and stage at diagnosis might be independent predictors of prognosis, emphasizing the importance of improved diagnosis of eyelid PMM.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hatswell A, Freemantle N, Baio G, Lesaffre E, van Rosmalen J. Summarising salient information on historical controls: A structured assessment of validity and comparability across studies. Clin Trials 2020; 17:607-616. [PMID: 32957804 PMCID: PMC7649932 DOI: 10.1177/1740774520944855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials remain the standard way to evaluate drugs for efficacy, historical data are used extensively across the development cycle. This ranges from supplementing contemporary data to increase the power of trials to cross-trial comparisons in estimating comparative efficacy. In many cases, these approaches are performed without in-depth review of the context of data, which may lead to bias and incorrect conclusions. METHODS We discuss the original 'Pocock' criteria for the use of historical data and how the use of historical data has evolved over time. Based on these factors and personal experience, we created a series of questions that may be asked of historical data, prior to their use. Based on the answers to these questions, various statistical approaches are recommended. The strategy is illustrated with a case study in colorectal cancer. RESULTS A number of areas need to be considered with historical data, which we split into three categories: outcome measurement, study/patient characteristics (including setting and inclusion/exclusion criteria), and disease process/intervention effects. Each of these areas may introduce issues if not appropriately handled, while some may preclude the use of historical data entirely. We present a tool (in the form of a table) for highlighting any such issues. Application of the tool to a colorectal cancer data set demonstrates under what conditions historical data could be used and what the limitations of such an analysis would be. CONCLUSION Historical data can be a powerful tool to augment or compare with contemporary trial data, though caution is required. We present some of the issues that may be considered when involving historical data and what (if any) statistical approaches may account for differences between studies. We recommend that, where historical data are to be used in analyses, potential differences between studies are addressed explicitly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Hatswell
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK.,Delta Hat Limited, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nick Freemantle
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Baio
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang K, Fan J, Misra S. Acral Lentiginous Melanoma: Incidence and Survival in the United States, 2006-2015, an Analysis of the SEER Registry. J Surg Res 2020; 251:329-339. [PMID: 32208196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is one of the four major subtypes in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). We aimed to study the incidence and survival of ALM in the United States in recent 10 y and compare the survival between ALM and nonacral CMM. In the meantime, racial disparity and prognostic factors associated with survival were investigated. METHODS All the cases of ALM registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry from 2006 to 2015 were retrieved, including non-Hispanic whites (NHW), black Americans (blacks), Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic whites. Age-adjusted incidence was calculated. Clinicopathologic data, including age, gender, race, geographic location, Breslow thickness, ulceration, pathologic staging, sentinel lymph node status, and surgical approach, were collected and analyzed. Melanoma-specific survival (MSS) was analyzed in patients with ALM and CMM. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the influence of clinicopathologic data on ALM MSS. Only cases with complete staging and active follow-up were included in prognostic factor analysis. RESULTS A total of 1724 ALM and 87,442 nonacral CMM patients were included in the study. For ALM patients, the age-adjusted incidence rate was 2.0 per million person-years. The proportion of ALM among all melanoma subtypes was greatest in blacks (32.6%). The 5-y MSS rates of ALM were lower than CMM overall (80.6% versus 93.0%, P < 0.001, respectively). When controlled by stage, the difference was significant in patients diagnosed at stages I and III. ALM 5-y MSS rates were highest (84.3%) in NHW, intermediate in Asian/Pacific Islanders (76.6%), Hispanic white (72.0%), and lowest in blacks (66.9%). Blacks were elderly, male predominant, located in East and Middle American, and had thicker, more ulcerated, advanced disease as compared with NHWs. When controlled by stage, survival difference was significant between NHWs and blacks in stage I (P = 0.004) and stage III (P = 0.005) patients. Gender, race, sentinel lymph node status, and pathologic stage were identified as independent risk factors in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of ALM has been steady in recent 10 y and more prevalent in aged people. ALM is associated with a worse prognosis than CMM. Black Americans have the worst prognosis, and survival difference is significant between NHW and blacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- General Surgery, Brandon Regional Hospital, HCA West FL Division/USF Health Consortium, Brandon, Florida
| | - Ji Fan
- General Surgery, Brandon Regional Hospital, HCA West FL Division/USF Health Consortium, Brandon, Florida
| | - Subhasis Misra
- General Surgery, Brandon Regional Hospital, HCA West FL Division/USF Health Consortium, Brandon, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoshida H, Koodie L, Jacobsen K, Hanzawa K, Miyamoto Y, Yamamoto M. B4GALNT1 induces angiogenesis, anchorage independence growth and motility, and promotes tumorigenesis in melanoma by induction of ganglioside GM2/GD2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1199. [PMID: 31988291 PMCID: PMC6985110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-1,4-N-Acetyl-Galactosaminyltransferase 1 (B4GALNT1) encodes the key enzyme B4GALNT1 to generate gangliosides GM2/GD2. GM2/GD2 gangliosides are surface glycolipids mainly found on brain neurons as well as peripheral nerves and skin melanocytes and are reported to exacerbate the malignant potential of melanomas. In order to elucidate the mechanism, we performed functional analyses of B4GALNT1-overexpressing cells. We analyzed ganglioside pattern on four melanoma and two neuroblastoma cell lines by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We overexpressed B4GALNT1 in GM2/GD2-negative human melanoma cell line (SH4) and confirmed production of GM2/GD2 by HPLC. They showed higher anchorage independence growth (AIG) in colony formation assay, and exhibited augmented motility. In vitro, cell proliferation was not affected by GM2/GD2 expression. In vivo, GM2/GD2-positive SH4 clones showed significantly higher tumorigenesis in NOD/Scid/IL2Rγ-null mice, and immunostaining of mouse CD31 revealed that GM2/GD2 induced remarkable angiogenesis. No differences were seen in melanoma stem cell and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition markers between GM2/GD2-positive and -negative SH4 cells. We therefore concluded that B4GALNT1, and consequently GM2/GD2, enhanced tumorigenesis via induction of angiogenesis, AIG, and cell motility. RNA-Seq suggested periostin as a potential key factor for angiogenesis and AIG. These findings may lead to development of novel therapy for refractory melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa Koodie
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kari Jacobsen
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ken Hanzawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guerrisi A, Loi E, Ungania S, Russillo M, Bruzzaniti V, Elia F, Desiderio F, Marconi R, Solivetti FM, Strigari L. Novel cancer therapies for advanced cutaneous melanoma: The added value of radiomics in the decision making process-A systematic review. Cancer Med 2020; 9:1603-1612. [PMID: 31951322 PMCID: PMC7050080 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced malignant melanoma represents a public health matter due to its rising incidence and aggressiveness. Novel therapies such as immunotherapy are showing promising results with improved progression free and overall survival in melanoma patients. However, novel targeted and immunotherapies could generate atypical patterns of response which are nowadays a big challenge since imaging criteria (ie Recist 1.1) have not been proven to be always reliable to assess response. Radiomics and in particular texture analysis (TA) represent new quantitative methodologies which could reduce the impact of these limitations providing most robust data in support of clinical decision process. The aim of this paper was to review the state of the art of radiomics/TA when it is applied to the imaging of metastatic melanoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Guerrisi
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinic and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Loi
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ungania
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Russillo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Clinic and Cancer Research, Regina Elena Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vicente Bruzzaniti
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Elia
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinic and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flora Desiderio
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinic and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marconi
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Solivetti
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinic and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Medical Physics and Expert Systems Laboratory, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri -Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
In this article we provide a critical review of the evidence available for surgical management of the nodal basin in melanoma, with an aim to ensure an understanding of risks and benefits for all lymph node surgery offered to patients, and alternatives to surgical management where appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogeh Habashi
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, 6 North, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Valerie Francescutti
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, 6 North, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a cancer with increasing incidence worldwide with relevant socioeconomic impact. Despite progress in prevention and early detection, it is one of the most lethal forms of skin cancer. Therefore it is urgent need to identify suitable biomarkers in order to improve early diagnosis, precise staging, and prognosis, as well as for therapy selection and monitoring. In this book chapter, we are focusing on S100B and discuss its clinical relevance in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Mangana
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Skin cancer is reaching epidemic levels in the United States. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of melanoma have allowed improved risk stratification in the revised American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria, new tests to capture patients at higher risk than their stage may indicate, and new treatments to offer hope and cures to patients with advanced disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hamelin Tracey
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A61, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Alok Vij
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A61, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Crocetti E, Stanganelli I, Mancini S, Vattiato R, Giuliani O, Ravaioli A, Balducci C, Falcini F, Pimpinelli N. Evaluation of the agreement between TNM 7th and 8th in a population-based series of cutaneous melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:521-524. [PMID: 30317667 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 8th edition of TNM has introduced new rules for staging cutaneous melanoma. OBJECTIVE To compare TNM 7th and 8th editions in defining pathological stages of melanoma. METHODS A population-based series of 1847 skin melanoma from Romagna cancer registry (Italy) incident during 2003-2012 has been used to measure the agreement (with Cohen's kappa) between TNM 8th and 7th editions in defining melanoma stage. Disease-specific survival has been computed for each stage according to TNM 7th and 8th. RESULTS The agreement between the two TNM editions was quite good when considered on average (kappa = 70.7%), moderate for stage I (61.5%), nearly perfect for stage II (95.0%), but extremely poor for stage III (8.1%). The overall melanoma-specific observed survival was 90.8% at 5 year and 88.9% at 10 year with a strong prognostic effect of stage. CONCLUSION TNM 8th edition introduces several changes which do not seem really helpful in addressing the care of stage I melanoma and may complicate the definition and comparability of stage III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Crocetti
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy.,Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy
| | - I Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy.,University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Mancini
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - R Vattiato
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - O Giuliani
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - A Ravaioli
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - C Balducci
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - F Falcini
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy.,Romagna Local Health Unit, Forlì, Italy
| | - N Pimpinelli
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tripathi R, Ezaldein HH, Scott JF, Bordeaux JS. Trends in the incidence and survival of eccrine malignancies in the United States: A SEER population-based study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 80:1769-1771. [PMID: 30287321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Tripathi
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Harib H Ezaldein
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey F Scott
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeremy S Bordeaux
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stratigos AJ, Fargnoli MC, De Nicolo A, Peris K, Puig S, Soura E, Menin C, Calista D, Ghiorzo P, Mandala M, Massi D, Rodolfo M, Del Regno L, Stefanaki I, Gogas H, Bataille V, Tucker MA, Whiteman D, Nagore E, Landi MT. MelaNostrum: a consensus questionnaire of standardized epidemiologic and clinical variables for melanoma risk assessment by the melanostrum consortium. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:2134-2141. [PMID: 30098061 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many melanoma observational studies have been carried out across different countries and geographic areas using heterogeneous assessments of epidemiologic risk factors and clinical variables. AIM To develop a consensus questionnaire to standardize epidemiologic and clinical data collection for melanoma risk assessment. METHODS We used a stepwise strategy that included: compilation of variables from case-control datasets collected at various centres of the MelaNostrum Consortium; integration of variables from published case-control studies; consensus discussion of the collected items by MelaNostrum members; revision by independent experts; addition of online tools and image-based charts; questionnaire testing across centres and generation of a final draft. RESULTS We developed a core consensus questionnaire (MelanoQ) that includes four separate sections: A. general and demographic data; B. phenotypic and ultraviolet radiation exposure risk factors and lifestyle habits; C. clinical examination, medical and family history; and D. diagnostic data on melanoma (cases only). Accompanying online tools, informative tables, and image-based charts aid standardization. Different subsections of the questionnaire are designed for self-administration, patient interviews performed by a physician or study nurse, and data collection from medical records. CONCLUSIONS The MelanoQ questionnaire is a useful tool for the collection and standardization of epidemiologic and clinical data across different studies, centres, cultures and languages. This will expedite ongoing efforts to compile high-quality data for pooled analyses or meta-analyses and offer a solid base for the design of clinical, epidemiologic and translational studies on melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Stratigos
- First Department of Dermatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Arcangela De Nicolo
- Cancer Genomics Program, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Efthymia Soura
- First Department of Dermatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chiara Menin
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Donato Calista
- Dermatology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa and Genetics of Rare Cancers, University Hospital Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Mandala
- Unit of Melanoma, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Cancer Center Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Rodolfo
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Irene Stefanaki
- First Department of Dermatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Whiteman
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wan J, Yang J, Huang Y, Deng L. MicroRNA-150 inhibitors enhance cell apoptosis of melanoma by targeting PDCD4. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1475-1482. [PMID: 29434838 PMCID: PMC5776942 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a tumor with a high mortality rate. Previous studies have demonstrated that the oncogenesis of melanoma is associated with microRNA (miR)-150. However, the role of miR-150 in melanoma and its regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, melanoma cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 20 melanoma patients. The expression level of miR-150 in melanoma tissue and cell lines was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. miR-150 inhibitors/negative control were transfected into melanoma A375 cells in order to investigate the effects of miR-150 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle migration and invasion using a Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, Hoechst 33528, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays. The association between miR-150 and programmed cell death protein-4 (PDCD4) was detected by a dual luciferase reporter assay. The functional role of PDCD4 in miR-150-affected melanoma cells was confirmed by small interfering (si)RNA knockdown. Results demonstrated that miR-150 was significantly upregulated and mRNA and protein expressions of PDCD4 were decreased in melanoma cancer tissues as compared with adjacent normal tissues. The level of PDCD4 was inversely associated with the level of miR-150. Transfection of miR-150 inhibitors suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while the apoptosis of cells was promoted and G2/M cell arrest was induced. MiR-150 inhibitors enhanced the expression of caspase-8 and p21. The PDCD4 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-150. The effects of miR-150 inhibitors on apoptosis and apoptosis-associated proteins, including caspase-8 and p21, of A375 cells, were reversed following transfection of siRNA-PDCD4. Therefore, miR-150 inhibitors enhance cell apoptosis via upregulation of PDCD4-mediated activation of caspase-8 and p21. These findings demonstrate the potential for a promising therapeutic strategy in the management of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianji Wan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yueshen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Anti-tumor effects of differentiation-inducing factor-1 in malignant melanoma: GSK-3-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and GSK-3-independent suppression of cell migration and invasion. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:31-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
32
|
Finiuk N, Boiko N, Klyuchivska O, Коbylinska L, Kril I, Zimenkovsky B, Lesyk R, Stoika R. 4-Thiazolidinone derivative Les-3833 effectively inhibits viability of human melanoma cells through activating apoptotic mechanisms. Croat Med J 2017; 58:129-139. [PMID: 28409496 PMCID: PMC5410740 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2017.58.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate cytotoxic action of 4-thiazolidinone derivative Les-3833 and study the mechanisms of its pro-apoptotic action toward human melanoma cells and human tumor cell lines of other tissue origin. Methods The effect of Les-3833 or doxorubicin on the viability of 9 cell lines was studied using MTT assay, while human melanoma cells of WM793 line were additionally examined using light and fluorescent microscopies for evaluating cytomorphological changes. The Western-blot and flow cytometric analyses were carried out to study signaling pathways of melanoma cell cycling and death. Results Les-3833 was the most efficient against melanoma cells. Its half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.22 μg/mL for WM793 cells and 0.3 μg/mL for SK-Mel-28 melanoma cells. For human lung A549, breast MCF-7, colon HCT116, and ovarian SKOV3 carcinoma cell lines IC50 was in between 2.5 to >5.0 μg/mL. Les-3833 was relatively not toxic (IC50 ˃ 5 μg/mL) for human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. Results of Annexin V/PI staining of melanoma cells and activation of caspase 3, PARP, MAPK, and EndoG protein suggest apoptosis in Les-3833-treated cells. Les-3833 also induced ROS production in melanoma cells and their arrest in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. Conclusion Novel 4-thiazolidinone derivative Les-3833 is effective against human melanoma cells in vitro, and such effect is tumor specific since it is much less pronounced in human carcinoma and leukemia cells. In melanoma cells Les-3833 induces apoptosis (morphological changes and increased pro-apoptotic proteins), ROS production, and arrest in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rostyslav Stoika
- Rostyslav Stoika, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tripathi R, Chen Z, Li L, Bordeaux JS. Incidence and survival of sebaceous carcinoma in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:1210-1215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Asgari MM. Utility and Limitations of Large Population-Based Data for Skin Cancer Outcomes. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2128-2130. [PMID: 27772547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Large population-based studies are useful for determining cancer outcomes, but interpreting their findings requires understanding their limitations. Youlden et al. highlight the utility of using a large dataset for studying melanoma survival, whereas Gimotty et al. point out the limitations of such datasets in miscoding thickness, a key prognostic variable. Awareness of limitations of population-based registry data can help to inform their interpretations and clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kadakia S, Chan D, Mourad M, Ducic Y. The Prognostic Value of Age, Sex, and Subsite in Cutaneous Head and Neck Melanoma: A Clinical Review of Recent Literature. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016; 9:e5079. [PMID: 27703647 PMCID: PMC5038835 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-5079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Context Cutaneous head and neck melanoma is a challenging disease owing to its aggressive nature and often times advanced stage at presentation. Age, sex, and subsite are three prognostic indicators which can be determined prior to treatment or testing, and can allow the practitioner to counsel the patient before initiating therapy. Evidence Acquisition A PubMed search was conducted utilizing various terms relating to the subject matter. Articles over the past 25 years were analyzed and appropriately selected for review. Results It appears that patients older than 65 have a decreased overall 5 year survival compared to their younger counterparts. Male patients have poorer prognosis compared to female patients as noted by the decreased overall survival, decreased disease specific survival, and shorter time to distant metastasis. Scalp subsite was most uniformly accepted as having the worst prognosis in the head and neck, and may even serve as an independent prognostic indicator. Conclusions Advanced age, male sex, and scalp subsite all portend poor prognosis in patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameep Kadakia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - David Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Moustafa Mourad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Yadranko Ducic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu S, Wang H, Pan H, Shi Y, Li T, Ge S, Jia R, Zhang H, Fan X. ANRIL lncRNA triggers efficient therapeutic efficacy by reprogramming the aberrant INK4-hub in melanoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:41-8. [PMID: 27461581 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is an extremely aggressive disease with rapid progression, high metastatic potential and recurrence. Simultaneous correction of multiple tumor-specific gene abnormalities has become an attractive approach for developing therapeutics to treat melanoma. To potentiate anti-melanoma activity, we tested a "domino effect-like" therapeutic approach by uniquely targeting one defect and automatically triggering the endogenous corrections of other defects. Using this strategy, in a suspicious INK4b-ARF-INK4a gene cluster at chromosome 9p21, aberrant INK4a and INK4b defects were simultaneously endogenously auto-corrected after targeting the suppression of abnormal ANRIL lncRNA. In cell culture, this treatment significantly reduced the tumor metastatic capacity and tumor formation compared with absence of treatment. In animals harboring tumor xenografts, this therapeutic approach significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced the tumor weight. Our results reveal a novel therapeutic strategy that significantly potentiates anti-melanoma efficiency by reprogramming the aberrant INK4-hub.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyun Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shen W, Sakamoto N, Yang L. Melanoma-specific mortality and competing mortality in patients with non-metastatic malignant melanoma: a population-based analysis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:413. [PMID: 27389173 PMCID: PMC4936003 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objectives of this study were to evaluate and model the probability of melanoma-specific death and competing causes of death for patients with melanoma by competing risk analysis, and to build competing risk nomograms to provide individualized and accurate predictive tools. Methods Melanoma data were obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program. All patients diagnosed with primary non-metastatic melanoma during the years 2004–2007 were potentially eligible for inclusion. The cumulative incidence function (CIF) was used to describe the probability of melanoma mortality and competing risk mortality. We used Gray’s test to compare differences in CIF between groups. The proportional subdistribution hazard approach by Fine and Gray was used to model CIF. We built competing risk nomograms based on the models that we developed. Results The 5-year cumulative incidence of melanoma death was 7.1 %, and the cumulative incidence of other causes of death was 7.4 %. We identified that variables associated with an elevated probability of melanoma-specific mortality included older age, male sex, thick melanoma, ulcerated cancer, and positive lymph nodes. The nomograms were well calibrated. C-indexes were 0.85 and 0.83 for nomograms predicting the probability of melanoma mortality and competing risk mortality, which suggests good discriminative ability. Conclusions This large study cohort enabled us to build a reliable competing risk model and nomogram for predicting melanoma prognosis. Model performance proved to be good. This individualized predictive tool can be used in clinical practice to help treatment-related decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Institute of Otolaryngology, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Naoko Sakamoto
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Toho University, 4-16-20, Omori-Nishi Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-0015, Japan
| | - Limin Yang
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. .,Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hong S, Rybicki L, Abounader D, Bolwell BJ, Dean R, Gerds AT, Hamilton BK, Hill BT, Jagadeesh D, Kalaycio M, Liu HD, Pohlman B, Sobecks R, Majhail NS. Association of Socioeconomic Status with Outcomes of Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:1141-1144. [PMID: 26995694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) is standard therapy for eligible patients with multiple myeloma. Health care disparities can influence transplantation outcomes. However, the association of socioeconomic status (SES), a major indicator of health care disparities, with outcomes in patients with myeloma after AHCT has not been previously described. We analyzed 346 consecutive AHCT recipients with myeloma who underwent transplantation between 2003 and 2013 in this retrospective cohort study. Zip code of residence at the time of AHCT was obtained to assess annual household income based on 2010 US census data (median, $49,054; range, $16,546 to $127,313). SES groups were divided into < $45,000 (low; n = 120), $45,000 to $60,000 (middle; n = 116), and > $60,000 (high; n = 110). The low-income cohort had smallest portion of Caucasians (69% versus 89% versus 91%); otherwise, patient, disease, and transplantation characteristics were comparable among cohorts or different without significant patterns found. Median follow-up was 49 months. There was no difference among SES groups in overall survival, progression-free survival, nonrelapse mortality, or relapse in univariate and multivariable analysis. Similarly, SES was not associated with survival in a subset analysis of 303 patients who had survived for 1 year after transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lisa Rybicki
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Donna Abounader
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian J Bolwell
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert Dean
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Aaron T Gerds
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Betty K Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian T Hill
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Jagadeesh
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matt Kalaycio
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hien D Liu
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brad Pohlman
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ronald Sobecks
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Navneet S Majhail
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hao M, Zhao G, Du X, Yang Y, Yang J. Clinical characteristics and prognostic indicators for metastatic melanoma: data from 446 patients in north China. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10339-48. [PMID: 26846098 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an extremely rare tumor in Asia. This retrospective study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of metastatic melanoma patients at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital over the last 30 years. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression method using SPSS 19.0 software. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates of metastatic melanoma patients were 52, 32, and 16 %, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) was 13.5 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) 9.0 months, and median disease-free survival 20.3 months. Furthermore, patients with a single metastatic site achieved better OS and PFS than those with two or more metastatic lesions (OS 21.6 vs. 8.9 months, P < 0.001; PFS 11.3 vs. 7.1 months, P < 0.001). Survival times of patients with visceral metastases were the shortest (OS 8.5 months; PFS 7.5 months). Specifically, patients with primary mucosal lesions had a worse OS (9.7 months) and PFS (6.8 months) than those with acral (19.2 and 15.6 months, respectively) or non-acral primary lesions (11.8 and 11.1 months, respectively). The treatment of advanced melanoma was unitary, and prognoses of patients with metastatic melanoma in China were poor. Visceral metastasis, multiple metastatic sites, and primary mucosal lesions were significant predictors of survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. Those with primary mucosal lesions had significantly worse survivals than those with primary cutaneous lesions. More active involvement in clinical studies and more feedback on various treatment options are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Hao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, 300060, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Diagnostic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, 300060, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Novak M, Leonard MK, Yang XH, Kowluru A, Belkin AM, Kaetzel DM. Metastasis suppressor NME1 regulates melanoma cell morphology, self-adhesion and motility via induction of fibronectin expression. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:455-61. [PMID: 25808322 PMCID: PMC4437809 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the metastasis suppressor NME1 in melanoma is associated with reduced cellular motility and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Herein, we report a novel mechanism through which NME1 controls melanoma cell morphology via upregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin. Expression of NME1 strongly suppressed cell motility in melanoma cell lines 1205LU and M14. The resulting sedentary phenotype was associated with a more flattened appearance and marked increases in actin stress fibre and focal adhesion formation. NME1-induced focal adhesions were colocalized with dense deposits of fibronectin, which were absent or minimal in the corresponding NME1-deficient parental lines. NME1 was a strong inducer of fibronectin mRNA and protein expression, shown with reciprocal approaches of forced NME1 expression and shRNA-mediated knock-down. Increased synthesis and ECM deposition of fibronectin was necessary for NME1-induced cell spreading, as knock-down of fibronectin opposed the effects of NME1 on cell morphology. Fibronectin knock-down also reversed the ability of NME1 to promote aggregation when cells were plated on a non-adherent substratum. Similarly, inhibiting activation of the fibronectin receptor integrin α4β1 with an anti-α4 antibody reversed the motility-suppressing effect of NME1. A positive correlation was observed between NME1 and fibronectin mRNA in clinical biopsies of normal skin, benign nevi and primary melanomas, but not in metastatic forms, suggesting the NME1/fibronectin axis represents a barrier to melanoma progression. In summary, these findings indicate fibronectin is an important effector of the motility-suppressing function of NME1 in melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Novak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Kathryn Leonard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiuwei H Yang
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anjan Kowluru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alexey M Belkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Kaetzel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|