1
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Rönkkö RM, Nevala AO, Pitkäniemi JM, Wartiovaara-Kautto UM, Malila NK. Subsequent malignant neoplasms after primary hematological malignancy in adult patients. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1007-1013. [PMID: 38664865 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Patients with primary hematological malignancy (HM) are at an elevated risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs), which is a common concern after treatment of primary cancer. We identified 45,533 patients aged ≥20 years and diagnosed with primary HM in Finland from 1992 to 2019 from the Finnish Cancer Registry and estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and excess absolute risks per 1000 person-years (EAR) for SMNs. A total of 6076 SMNs were found (4604 solid and 1472 hematological SMNs). The SIRs were higher for hematological SMNs (SIR 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7-5.2) compared to solid SMNs (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.5). The SIRs for hematological SMNs were highest in the young HM patients aged 20-39 years (SIR 9.2, 95% CI 6.8-12.2 in males and SIR 10.5, 95% CI 7.2-14.7 in females) and decreased by age of first primary HM. However, EARs for hematological SMNs were highest in the older patients, aged 60-79 years at their first primary HM (EAR 5.7/1000 and 4.7/1000 in male and female patients, respectively). In conclusion, the incidence of both hematological and solid SMNs were increased in hematological cancer patients. The relative risk (SIR) was highest among younger HM patients with hematological SMNs. The absolute second cancer burden reflected by high EAR arises from solid malignancies in older patients. Our results accentuate the need for vigilance in the surveillance of HM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Rönkkö
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Cancer Society of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aapeli O Nevala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Cancer Society of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne M Pitkäniemi
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Cancer Society of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla M Wartiovaara-Kautto
- Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nea K Malila
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Cancer Society of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Ducos C, Aba N, Rosselli F, Fresneau B, Al Ahmad Nachar B, Zidane M, de Vathaire F, Benhamou S, Haddy N. Genetic Risk of Second Malignant Neoplasm after Childhood Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:999-1011. [PMID: 38801411 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-24-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Second malignant neoplasm (SMN) is one of the most severe long-term risks for childhood cancer survivors (CCS), significantly impacting long-term patient survival. While radiotherapy and chemotherapy are known risk factors, the observed inter-individual variability suggests a genetic component contributing to the risk of SMN. This article aims to conduct a systematic review of genetic factors implicated in the SMN risk among CCS. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. Eighteen studies were included (eleven candidate gene studies, three genome-wide association studies, and four whole exome/genome sequencing studies). The included studies were based on different types of first cancers, investigated any or specific types of SMN, and focused mainly on genes involved in drug metabolism and DNA repair pathways. These differences in study design and methods used to characterize genetic variants limit the scope of the results and highlight the need for further extensive and standardized investigations. However, this review provides a valuable compilation of SMN risk-associated variants and genes, facilitating efficient replication and advancing our understanding of the genetic basis for this major risk for CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ducos
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Naïla Aba
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS UMR9019, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer Villejuif, France
| | - Brice Fresneau
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Baraah Al Ahmad Nachar
- CNRS UMR9019, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer Villejuif, France
| | - Monia Zidane
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Simone Benhamou
- Oncostat Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadia Haddy
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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3
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Hao Y, Zhang X, Cui G, Qi X, Jiang Z, Yu L. Clinicopathological features, prognostic factor analysis, and survival nomogram of patients with double primary cancers involving lung cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7296. [PMID: 38770671 PMCID: PMC11106682 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the incidence of double primary cancers (DPCs) involving lung cancer is rising, they have not been studied sufficiently. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of DPC patients with lung cancer and developed a survival nomogram to predict the individual OS rates. METHODS We included 103 DPC patients with lung cancer from Shengjing Hospital between 2016 and 2021. Based on the 6-month cancer occurrence interval, the cases were categorized as synchronous DPCs (sDPCs) or metachronous DPCs (mDPCs). Furthermore, the mDPCs were subdivided based on whether the lung cancer occurred first (LCF cohort) or the other cancer occurred first (OCF cohort). RESULTS Among the patients, 35 (33.98%) and 68 (66.02%) had sDPCs and mDPCs, respectively. In the mDPCs cohort, 18 (26.47%) belonged to the LCF cohort and 50 (73.53%) to the OCF cohort. The most frequent primary cancer sites were the breast (27.18%), colorectum (22.33%), and urinary system (18.45%). Independent risk factors for progression-free survival were Stage IV lung cancer (p = 0.008) and failure to undergo radical lung cancer surgery (p = 0.028). The risk factors for OS included squamous carcinoma (p = 0.048), Stage IV lung cancer (p = 0.001), single cancer resection plus drug therapy (p < 0.001), drug therapy alone (p = 0.002), failure to undergo radical lung cancer surgery (p = 0.014), and chemotherapy (p = 0.042). The median OS was 37 months, with 3- and 5-year rates of 50.9% and 35.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION DPCs involving lung cancer account for 1.11% of cases. The breast, colorectum, and urinary system were the most common extra-pulmonary sites, and mDPCs were more frequent than sDPCs. Radical lung cancer surgery significantly affects prognosis, and drug therapy alone may be preferable when only one tumor is operable. The developed nomogram can accurately predict individual 3-year and 5-year OS rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hao
- Department of OncologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Hematology LaboratoryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of OncologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Guoyuan Cui
- Department of OncologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiaoying Qi
- Department of OncologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zhongxiu Jiang
- Department of OncologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Li Yu
- Department of OncologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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4
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Lu M, Zhang X, Chu Q, Chen Y, Zhang P. Susceptibility Genes Associated with Multiple Primary Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5788. [PMID: 38136334 PMCID: PMC10741435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With advancements in treatment and screening techniques, we have been witnessing an era where more cancer survivors harbor multiple primary cancers (MPCs), affecting approximately one in six patients. Identifying MPCs is crucial for tumor staging and subsequent treatment choices. However, the current clinicopathological criteria for clinical application are limited and insufficient, making it challenging to differentiate them from recurrences or metastases. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has provided a genetic perspective for defining multiple primary cancers. Researchers have found that, when considering multiple tumor pairs, it is crucial not only to examine well-known essential mutations like MLH1/MSH2, EGFR, PTEN, BRCA1/2, CHEK2, and TP53 mutations but also to explore certain pleiotropic loci. Moreover, specific deleterious mutations may serve as regulatory factors in second cancer development following treatment. This review aims to discuss these susceptibility genes and provide an explanation of their functions based on the signaling pathway background. Additionally, the association network between genetic signatures and different tumor pairs will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.L.)
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Wei Q, Zhou J, Wang X, Li Z, Chen X, Chen K, Jiang R. Pan-cancer analysis of the prognostic and immunological role of nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin 3 ( NPM3) and its potential significance in lung adenocarcinoma. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:238-252. [PMID: 38327603 PMCID: PMC10846304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin 3 (NPM3), a member of the NPM protein family, is widely expressed in various human tissues. Although previous studies identified elevated NPM3 expression in several cancers, a systematic pan-cancer analysis remains lacking. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of NPM3 to determine its role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Methods Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and various bioinformatics analysis tools, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of NPM3. Additionally, we collected gene expression and clinical data from 890 patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from TCGA and the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We performed Cox regression analyses to explore the independent prognostic value of NPM3 expression in LUAD and plotted a nomogram to predict patient survival. We also used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to examine the expression levels of NPM3 in seven pairs of LUAD and paraneoplastic tissue samples. Results NPM3 expression was significantly increased in 20 types of cancer and was associated with poor prognosis in five types (P < 0.05). NPM3 expression was negatively correlated with DNA methylation and positively correlated with copy number variation. NPM3 was also significantly associated with immune cell infiltration in various cancers. Cox regression analyses revealed that NPM3 expression could serve as an independent prognostic marker of LUAD. Moreover, our nomogram demonstrated good predictive ability for the prognosis of patients with LUAD. Finally, the high expression of NPM3 in LUAD was verified using RT-qPCR. Conclusion NPM3 is a promising biomarker for predicting pan-cancer prognosis and immunotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Wei
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300202, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300202, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300202, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300202, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300202, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300202, China
| | - Zhaona Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300202, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300202, China
| | - Xiuqiong Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300202, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300202, China
| | - Kaidi Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300202, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300202, China
| | - Richeng Jiang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300202, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300202, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300202, China
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Bhatia S. Germline risk factors for second malignant neoplasms after treatment for pediatric hematologic malignancies. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2022; 2022:245-250. [PMID: 36485122 PMCID: PMC9820434 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2022000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Survivors of childhood hematologic malignancies are at a substantially higher risk of developing subsequent neoplasms (SNs) when compared with the general population. SNs commonly observed in this population include basal cell carcinoma, brain tumors, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, bone tumors, and sarcoma. Radiation is the primary therapeutic exposure associated with the development of these SNs. There is emerging evidence of an association between chemotherapeutic exposures (alkylating agents/anthracyclines) and the development of SNs. Despite a strong dose-dependent association between therapeutic exposures and SN risk, there is significant interindividual variability in the risk for SNs for any given dose of therapeutic exposure. This interindividual variability in risk suggests the role of genetic susceptibility. This article describes the clinical and molecular epidemiology of SNs commonly observed in survivors of childhood hematologic malignancies and also highlights some of the work focusing on the development of risk prediction models to facilitate targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Bhatia
- Correspondence Smita Bhatia, Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, Lowder 500, Birmingham, AL 35233; e-mail:
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Elderdery AY, Tebein EM, Alenazy FO, Elkhalifa AME, Shalabi MG, Abbas AM, Alhassan HH, Davuljigari CB, Mills J. Impact of Methionine Synthase Reductase Polymorphisms in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101729. [PMID: 36292614 PMCID: PMC9602384 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolism methionine and of folate play a vital function in cellular methylation reactions, DNA synthesis and epigenetic process.However, polymorphisms of methionine have received much attention in recent medical genetics research. Objectives: To ascertain whether the common polymorphisms of the MTRR (Methionine Synthase Reductase) A66G gene could play a role in affecting susceptibility to Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Sudanese individuals. Methods: In a case-controlled study, we extracted and analyzed DNA from 200 CML patients and 100 healthy control subjects by the PCR-RFLP method. Results: We found no significant difference in age orgender between the patient group and controls. The MTRR A66G genotypes were distributed based on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). The variation of MTRR A66G was less significantly frequent in cases with CML (68.35%) than in controls (87%) (OR = 0.146, 95% CI = 0.162−0.662, p < 0.002). Additionally, AG and GG genotypes and G allele were reducing the CML risk (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.365; 95% CI [0.179−0.746]; p = 0.006; OR = 0.292; 95% CI [0.145−0.590]; p = 0.001 and OR = 0.146; 95% CI [0.162−0.662]; p = 0.002 and OR = 2.0; 95% CI [1.3853−2.817]; respectively, (p = 0.000)). Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that heterozygous and homozygous mutant genotypes of MTRR polymorphisms were associated with decreased risk of developing CML in the Sudanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abozer Y. Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Health Sciences Research Unit, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.Y.E.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Entesar M. Tebein
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz O. Alenazy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti 11588, Sudan
| | - Manar G. Shalabi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anass M. Abbas
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H. Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chand B. Davuljigari
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (A.Y.E.); (C.B.D.)
| | - Jeremy Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK
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8
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Krebsprädispositions-Screening-Tools zur Vorhersage späterer maligner Erkrankungen bei Überlebenden nach einer Tumorerkrankung im Kindesalter. Strahlenther Onkol 2022; 198:866-868. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-022-01956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Munakata S, Yamamoto T. Application of immunocytochemical and molecular analysis of six genes in liquid-based endometrial cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 50:8-17. [PMID: 34783431 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Yokohama System of Endometrial Cytology has been used for reporting endometrial cytology, which includes gray zone category, atypical endometrial cells (ATEC), subdivided into ATEC-US and ATEC-AE. ATEC-US has been reported to be correlated with malignancy in nearly 10% of the cases. For accurate diagnosis, application of ancillary techniques on endometrial cytology was investigated. METHODS Thirty-seven liquid based cytological specimens (SurePath™) with diagnosis of ATEC or malignant which have corresponding histological specimens, were subjected to immunocytochemical analysis for β-catenin, ARID1A, and PTEN. Hot spots of mutations for KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA were evaluated by using i-densy system (ARKRAY). RESULTS In endometrial samples with the diagnosis of ATEC and malignant, aberrant gene expressions and/or gene mutations for β-catenin, ARID1A, PTEN, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA were observed in 32.4, 18.9, 37.8, 18.8, 0, and 37.1%, respectively. When any of the genes had aberrant expression or mutation, only sensitivity was better than that of cytology (77 vs. 53.8%). However, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy was better in cytology than those of ancillary techniques. Increasing rate of abnormality according to the consequent histology results was observed in ARID1A (p = .015). Frequent loss of PTEN immunostaining (45.8%) and PIK3CA mutation (43.5%) was observed in the cases with consequent benign histology results. CONCLUSION In ATEC category of endometrial cytology, gene expression and mutation analysis of six genes were insufficient to aid conventional cytological diagnoses albeit increased sensitivity. Further investigation would be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Munakata
- Department of Pathology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiya Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sakai City Hospital Organization, Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Imgruet MK, Lutze J, An N, Hu B, Khan S, Kurkewich J, Martinez TC, Wolfgeher D, Gurbuxani SK, Kron SJ, McNerney ME. Loss of a 7q gene, CUX1, disrupts epigenetically driven DNA repair and drives therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Blood 2021; 138:790-805. [PMID: 34473231 PMCID: PMC8414261 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) are high-risk late effects with poorly understood pathogenesis in cancer survivors. It has been postulated that, in some cases, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) harboring mutations are selected for by cytotoxic exposures and transform. Here, we evaluate this model in the context of deficiency of CUX1, a transcription factor encoded on chromosome 7q and deleted in half of t-MN cases. We report that CUX1 has a critical early role in the DNA repair process in HSPCs. Mechanistically, CUX1 recruits the histone methyltransferase EHMT2 to DNA breaks to promote downstream H3K9 and H3K27 methylation, phosphorylated ATM retention, subsequent γH2AX focus formation and propagation, and, ultimately, 53BP1 recruitment. Despite significant unrepaired DNA damage sustained in CUX1-deficient murine HSPCs after cytotoxic exposures, they continue to proliferate and expand, mimicking clonal hematopoiesis in patients postchemotherapy. As a consequence, preexisting CUX1 deficiency predisposes mice to highly penetrant and rapidly fatal therapy-related erythroleukemias. These findings establish the importance of epigenetic regulation of HSPC DNA repair and position CUX1 as a gatekeeper in myeloid transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/metabolism
- Clonal Hematopoiesis
- DNA Repair
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Lutze
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology
- Committee on Cancer Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandeep K Gurbuxani
- Department of Pathology
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology
- Committee on Cancer Biology
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology
- Committee on Cancer Biology
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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11
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Cullinan N, Schiller I, Di Giuseppe G, Mamun M, Reichman L, Cacciotti C, Wheaton L, Caswell K, Di Monte B, Gibson P, Johnston DL, Fleming A, Pole JD, Malkin D, Foulkes WD, Dendukuri N, Goudie C, Nathan PC. Utility of a Cancer Predisposition Screening Tool for Predicting Subsequent Malignant Neoplasms in Childhood Cancer Survivors. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3207-3216. [PMID: 34383599 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of developing subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) resulting from exposure to prior therapies. CCS with underlying cancer predisposition syndromes are at additional genetic risk of SMN development. The McGill Interactive Pediatric OncoGenetic Guidelines (MIPOGG) tool identifies children with cancer at increased likelihood of having a cancer predisposition syndrome, guiding clinicians through a series of Yes or No questions that generate a recommendation for or against genetic evaluation. We evaluated MIPOGG's ability to predict SMN development in CCS. METHODS Using the provincial cancer registry (Ontario, Canada), and adopting a nested case-control approach, we identified CCS diagnosed and/or treated for a primary malignancy before age 18 years (1986-2015). CCS who developed an SMN (cases) were matched, by primary cancer and year of diagnosis, with CCS who did not develop an SMN (controls) over the same period (1:5 ratio). Potential predictors for SMN development (chemotherapy, radiation, and MIPOGG output) were applied retrospectively using clinical data pertaining to the first malignancy. Conditional logistic regression models estimated hazard ratios and 95% CIs associated with each covariate, alone and in combination, for SMN development. RESULTS Of 13,367 children with a primary cancer, 317 (2.4%) developed an SMN and were matched to 1,569 controls. A MIPOGG output recommending evaluation was significantly associated with SMN development (hazard ratio 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.19) in a multivariable model that included primary cancer therapy exposures. MIPOGG was predictive of SMN development, showing value in nonhematologic malignancies and in CCS not exposed to radiation. CONCLUSION MIPOGG has additional value for SMN prediction beyond treatment exposures and may be beneficial in decision making for enhanced individualized SMN surveillance strategies for CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Cullinan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Haematology/Oncology, Children's Health Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian Schiller
- Centre for Outcomes Research (CORE), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giancarlo Di Giuseppe
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Mamun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lara Reichman
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Child Health and Human Development, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantel Cacciotti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Wheaton
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberly Caswell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruna Di Monte
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Gibson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Fleming
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason D Pole
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Human Genetics, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre and Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nandini Dendukuri
- Centre for Outcomes Research (CORE), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Goudie
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Child Health and Human Development, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Park S, Lee HY, Lee S. Role of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the follow-up of asymptomatic renal cell carcinoma patients for postoperative surveillance: based on conditional survival analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:215-224. [PMID: 34106327 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the clinical usefulness of F-18 fluorodeoxylucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for postoperative surveillance in the RCC patients in terms of detectability of recurrence and radiation exposure. METHODS Three-hundred-and-forty- three RCC patients who underwent surgery and postoperative surveillance were retrospectively included. Conditional recurrent free survival (CRFS) was investigated and diagnostic performance of conventional imaging (CI) which include abdominopelvic CT or/and chest CT was compared to the FDG PET/CT. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 4.3 years (0.5-13.0 years), thirty-nine patients (11.4%) developed recurrence. CRFS of the patients increased over time with greater increment in advanced stage. The sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, negative-predictive value, and accuracy of FDG PET/CT were 92.3%, 97%, 80%, 99.0%, and 96.5% in detecting recurrence, while those values for CI were 89.7%, 97.7%, 83.3%, 98.7%, and 96.8%, respectively. There were no significant differences in these values between FDG PET/CT and CI (McNemar test, p = 0.581). The average radiation dose from FDG PET/CT was around 16.9 ± 3.08 mSv at each follow-up time point. For early stage patients, the average radiation dose from CI was around 26.5 ± 8.57 mSv at each follow-up time point, while this was about 33.0 ± 9.76 mSv for advanced stage patients. CONCLUSION FDG PET/CT exhibited good diagnostic performance in asymptomatic RCC patients after surgery, of a level comparable to that of CI, but with a lower radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82, Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
- Office of eHealth Research and Business, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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13
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Second primary cancers: a retrospective analysis of real world data using the enhanced medical research engine ConSoRe in a French comprehensive cancer center. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 26:1793-1804. [PMID: 34091824 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-01963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second primary cancers (SPC) account for 18% of all cancers. We used the enhanced medical/health data mining tool ConSoRe to search aggregated data, analyze electronic patient records (EPR), and better characterize patients with SPC. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used ConSoRe to identify EPRs from patients with SPC referred to the regional cancer center Leon Bérard from 1993 to 2017, and examined characteristics of patients with SPC, frequencies of first primary cancer (FPC) localization in the global population of patients with SPC, and time to SPC. Data set was extracted on January 1, 2018. RESULTS Among 296,530 EPRs, we identified 157,187 patients with FPC, including 13,002 (8%) patients with SPC. Between 2000 and 2010, the rate of SPC was 34%, and 52% of SPC were identified in the last years (2010-2017). In men, main cancers were head and neck cancer, lymphoma, and prostate carcinoma accounting for 15.6%, 12.8%, and 10.5% of FPC, while the three most common SPC were head and neck cancer (13.2%), lung cancer (11.8%) and lymphoma (9.2%). In women, breast cancers, lymphoma, and skin cancers accounted for 48.8%, 8%, and 5.1% of first cancers, and for 31.1%, 7% and 6% of SPC. CONCLUSION The data mining tool ConSoRe contributes to access to real world data, and to better characterize patients with SPC. Expanding such approach to any comprehensive center will allow a global overview of the follow-up of patients with cancer, and help to improve long-term management and adapt surveillance.
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14
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Yu L, Wang Y, Xing D, Gong P, Chen Q, Lv Y. Background parenchymal enhancement on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography does not represent an influencing factor for breast cancer: A preliminary study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23857. [PMID: 33350778 PMCID: PMC7769306 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the relationship between background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM), mammographic breast density (MBD), age, in the group with benign vs malignant breast lesions.Four hundred thirty three non-high-risk patients from January 2018 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were assigned into 4 groups: premenopausal benign lesions, premenopausal malignant lesions, postmenopausal benign lesions, and postmenopausal malignant lesions. The differences in CESM BPE and MBD between premenopausal benign lesions and premenopausal malignant lesions, between postmenopausal benign lesions and postmenopausal malignant lesions, between premenopausal and postmenopausal benign lesions, and between premenopausal and postmenopausal malignant lesions were evaluated. Pearson Chi-Squared test was used to analyze the differences between the above groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between BPE, MBD, and age. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of breast cancer. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.There was no significant difference in CESM BPE or MBD of benign and malignant lesions regardless of premenopausal or postmenopausal status, but there was a significant difference in CESM BPE and MBD of premenopausal and postmenopausal patients regardless of the presence of benign or malignant lesions. The intensity of CESM BPE was positively correlated with MBD, and the intensity of CESM BPE and MBD were negatively correlated with age. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age was an influencing factor for breast cancer in both premenopausal and postmenopausal patients.For non-high-risk women, CESM BPE and MBD were not correlated with benign or malignant breast lesions, and age was an influencing factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong Xing
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong
| | - Peiyou Gong
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong
| | - Qianqian Chen
- GE Healthcare, Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yongbin Lv
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong
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15
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Hawkins M, Bhatia S, Henderson TO, Nathan PC, Yan A, Teepen JC, Morton LM. Subsequent Primary Neoplasms: Risks, Risk Factors, Surveillance, and Future Research. Pediatr Clin North Am 2020; 67:1135-1154. [PMID: 33131538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors' objective is to provide a brief update on recent advances in knowledge relating to subsequent primary neoplasms developing in survivors of childhood cancer. This includes a summary of established large-scale cohorts, risks reported, and contrasts with results from recently established large-scale cohorts of survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer. Recent evidence is summarized concerning the role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for childhood cancer and survivor genomics in determining the risk of subsequent primary neoplasms. Progress with surveillance, screening, and clinical follow-up guidelines is addressed. Finally, priorities for future research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hawkins
- Epidemiology & Director of Centre, Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Robert Aitken Building, Birmingham B15 2TY, UK.
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adam Yan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jop C Teepen
- Princess Maxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
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16
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Dixon SB, Chow EJ, Hjorth L, Hudson MM, Kremer LCM, Morton LM, Nathan PC, Ness KK, Oeffinger KC, Armstrong GT. The Future of Childhood Cancer Survivorship: Challenges and Opportunities for Continued Progress. Pediatr Clin North Am 2020; 67:1237-1251. [PMID: 33131544 PMCID: PMC7773506 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As treatment evolves and the population who survive childhood cancer ages and increases in number, researchers must use novel approaches to prevent, identify and mitigate adverse effects of treatment. Future priorities include collaborative efforts to pool large cohort data to improve detection of late effects, identify late effects of novel therapies, and determine the contribution of genetic factors along with physiologic and accelerated aging among survivors. This knowledge should translate to individual risk prediction and prevention strategies. Finally, we must utilize health services research and implementation science to improve adoption of survivorship care recommendations outside of specialized pediatric oncology centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Dixon
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, MS 735, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Eric J Chow
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, M4-C308, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Department of Paediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Division of Cancer Survivorship, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, MS 735, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Leontien C M Kremer
- Princess Maxima Center, Heidelberglaan 25, Utrecht 3584 CS, Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9778, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Room 9402 Black Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude. Children's Research Hospital, MS 735, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kevin C Oeffinger
- Duke Center for Onco-Primary Care, Duke Cancer Institute, 2424 Erwin Drive, Suite 601, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude. Children's Research Hospital, MS 735, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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17
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Sharma A, Akagi K, Pattavina B, Wilson KA, Nelson C, Watson M, Maksoud E, Harata A, Ortega M, Brem RB, Kapahi P. Musashi expression in intestinal stem cells attenuates radiation-induced decline in intestinal permeability and survival in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19080. [PMID: 33154387 PMCID: PMC7644626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to genotoxic stress by environmental agents or treatments, such as radiation therapy, can diminish healthspan and accelerate aging. We have developed a Drosophila melanogaster model to study the molecular effects of radiation-induced damage and repair. Utilizing a quantitative intestinal permeability assay, we performed an unbiased GWAS screen (using 156 strains from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel) to search for natural genetic variants that regulate radiation-induced gut permeability in adult D. melanogaster. From this screen, we identified an RNA binding protein, Musashi (msi), as one of the possible genes associated with changes in intestinal permeability upon radiation. The overexpression of msi promoted intestinal stem cell proliferation, which increased survival after irradiation and rescued radiation-induced intestinal permeability. In summary, we have established D. melanogaster as an expedient model system to study the effects of radiation-induced damage to the intestine in adults and have identified msi as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- SENS Research Foundation, 110 Pioneer Way, Suite J, Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA.
| | - Kazutaka Akagi
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Blaine Pattavina
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Kenneth A Wilson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Christopher Nelson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Mark Watson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Elie Maksoud
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Ayano Harata
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Mauricio Ortega
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Rachel B Brem
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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18
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Shallis RM, Weiss JJ, Deziel NC, Gore SD. Challenging the concept of de novo acute myeloid leukemia: Environmental and occupational leukemogens hiding in our midst. Blood Rev 2020; 47:100760. [PMID: 32988660 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) originate from genomic disruption, usually in a multi-step fashion. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell acquisition of abnormalities in vital cellular processes, when coupled with intrinsic factors such as germline predisposition or extrinsic factors such as the marrow microenvironment or environmental agents, can lead to requisite pre-leukemic clonal selection, expansion and evolution. Several of these entities have been invoked as "leukemogens." The known leukemogens are numerous and are found in the therapeutic, occupational and ambient environments, however they are often difficult to implicate for individual patients. Patients treated with particular chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy accept a calculated risk of therapy-related AML. Occupational exposures to benzene, dioxins, formaldehyde, electromagnetic and particle radiation have been associated with an increased risk of AML. Although regulatory agencies have established acceptable exposure limits in the workplace, accidental exposures and even ambient exposures to leukemogens are possible. It is plausible that inescapable exposure to non-anthropogenic ambient leukemogens may be responsible for many cases of non-inherited de novo AML. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of leukemogens as they relate to AML, assess to what extent the term "de novo" leukemia is meaningful, and describe the potential to identify and characterize new leukemogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M Shallis
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
| | - Julian J Weiss
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven D Gore
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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In vitro analysis reveals necroptotic signaling does not provoke DNA damage or HPRT mutations. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:680. [PMID: 32826875 PMCID: PMC7442655 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most anticancer drugs provoke apoptotic signaling by damaging DNA or other means. Genotoxic therapies may enhance a patient’s risk of developing “therapy-related cancers” due to the accumulation of oncogenic mutations that may occur in noncancerous cells. Mutations can also form upon apoptotic signaling due to sublethal caspase activity, implying that apoptosis activating drugs may also be oncogenic. Necroptosis is a different way of killing cancer cells: this version of caspase-independent cell death is characterized by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase-like domain protein (MLKL) activation, leading to cell membrane rupture and controlled cell lysis. The mutagenic potential of sublethal necroptotic signaling has not yet been directly investigated. Smac mimetics drugs, which activate apoptotic or necroptotic cell death, do not induce mutations but the mechanistic basis for this lack of mutagenic activity has not been determined. In this study, we compared the mutagenic potential of these two cell death pathways by engineering cells to activate either apoptotic or necroptotic signaling by exposing them to Smac mimetics with or without TNFα, and/or enforcing or preventing expression of apoptotic or necroptotic regulators. We discovered that sublethal concentrations of Smac mimetics in contexts that activated apoptotic signaling provoked DNA damage and mutations in surviving cells. Mutagenesis was dependent on executioner caspase activation of the nuclease CAD. In contrast, RIPK3- and MLKL-dependent necroptotic signaling following Smac mimetic treatment was not mutagenic. Likewise, DNA damage was not provoked in cells expressing a lethal constitutively active MLKL mutant. These data reveal that cells surviving sublethal necroptotic signaling do not sustain genomic damage and provide hope for a reduced risk of therapy-related malignancies in patients treated with necroptosis-inducing drugs.
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20
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Belitskiy GA, Kirsanov KI, Lesovaya EA, Yakubovskaya MG. Drug-Related Carcinogenesis: Risk Factors and Approaches for Its Prevention. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:S79-S107. [PMID: 32087055 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920140059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes the data on the role of metabolic and repair systems in the mechanisms of therapy-related carcinogenesis and the effect of their polymorphism on the cancer development risk. The carcinogenic activity of different types of drugs, from the anticancer agents to analgesics, antipyretics, immunomodulators, hormones, natural remedies, and non-cancer drugs, is described. Possible approaches for the prevention of drug-related cancer induction at the initiation and promotion stages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Belitskiy
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - K I Kirsanov
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - E A Lesovaya
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, 390026, Russia
| | - M G Yakubovskaya
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
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21
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Chow EJ, Ness KK, Armstrong GT, Bhakta N, Yeh JM, Bhatia S, Landier W, Constine LS, Hudson MM, Nathan PC. Current and coming challenges in the management of the survivorship population. Semin Oncol 2020; 47:23-39. [PMID: 32197774 PMCID: PMC7227387 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the widespread adoption of multimodality treatment, 5-year survival of children diagnosed with cancer has improved dramatically in the past several decades from approximately 60% in 1970 to greater than 85% currently. As a result, there are an estimated nearly half a million long-term survivors of childhood cancer living in the United States today. However, survivors have, on average, significantly greater serious medical and psychosocial late effects compared with the general population. In this review, we will discuss the current epidemiology of childhood cancer survivorship, including new methods to estimate the burden of late effects and genetic susceptibility toward late effects. We will also review the development of surveillance guidelines for childhood cancer survivors and early toxicity signals from novel agents now being tested and used increasingly to treat pediatric and adult cancers. We conclude with an overview of current models of survivorship care and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Chow
- Division of Clinical Research and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Nickhill Bhakta
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer M Yeh
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wendy Landier
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis S Constine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Morton LM, Dores GM, Schonfeld SJ, Linet MS, Sigel BS, Lam CJK, Tucker MA, Curtis RE. Association of Chemotherapy for Solid Tumors With Development of Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Modern Era. JAMA Oncol 2019; 5:318-325. [PMID: 30570657 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia (tMDS/AML) is a rare, usually fatal complication of chemotherapy, including certain alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and platinum compounds. With the introduction of new chemotherapeutic agents, expanded indications for established agents, and increased neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, tMDS/AML risks in the modern age are poorly understood. Objectives To quantify tMDS/AML risk after chemotherapy for solid cancer among United States adults since 2000 and correlate tMDS/AML risk patterns with chemotherapy treatment practices. Design, Setting, and Participants A population-based cohort study was conducted using cancer registries from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and Medicare claims. Risk analyses included 1619 tMDS/AML cases among 700 612 adults (age, 20-84 years) who were diagnosed with first primary solid cancer during 2000 to 2013 (followed up through 2014), received initial chemotherapy, and survived 1 year or longer, as reported to SEER. Descriptive analyses were conducted of SEER records linked with Medicare claims for chemotherapy in 165 820 older adults (age, 66-84 years) receiving initial chemotherapy for a first primary solid cancer in 2000-2013. Data analysis was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018. Exposures Receipt of initial chemotherapy for solid cancer. Main Outcomes and Measures Second primary tMDS/AML. Results Based on 1619 tMDS/AML cases in the SEER database (mean [SD] age, 64.3 [12.2] years; 1148 [70.9%] female), tMDS/AML risks were statistically significantly elevated after chemotherapy for 22 of 23 solid cancers (all except colon). Relative risks ranged from 1.5 to greater than 10 and excess absolute risks from 1.4 to greater than 15 cases per 10 000 person-years compared with the general population. Overall survival following tMDS/AML diagnosis was poor (1270 of 1619 patients [78.4%] died; median overall survival, 7 months). For patients treated with chemotherapy at the present time, approximately three-quarters of tMDS/AML cases expected to occur within the next 5 years will be attributable to chemotherapy. In the SEER-Medicare database, use of known leukemogenic agents, particularly platinum compounds, in initial chemotherapy increased substantially since 2000, most notably for gastrointestinal tract cancers (esophagus, stomach, colon, and rectum; 10% in 2000-2001 to 81% during 2012-2013). Conclusions and Relevance Large-scale, United States population-based data demonstrate excess tMDS/AML risks following chemotherapy for nearly all solid tumor types, consistent with expanded use of known leukemogenic agents in the 21st century. Continued efforts to reduce treatment-related adverse events, particularly for solid cancer patients with favorable prognosis, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Graça M Dores
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sara J Schonfeld
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martha S Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Byron S Sigel
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clara J K Lam
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rochelle E Curtis
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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Tang E, Wang Y, Liu T, Yan B. Gastrin promotes angiogenesis by activating HIF-1α/β-catenin/VEGF signaling in gastric cancer. Gene 2019; 704:42-48. [PMID: 30980943 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is recognized as a sign of cancer and facilitates cancer progression and metastasis. Suppression of angiogenesis is a desirable strategy for gastric cancer (GC) management. In this study, we showed a novel role of gastrin in angiogenesis of GC. We observed that treatment with gastrin 17 (G17) increased the proliferation of AGS cells and enhanced tube formation during normoxia and hypoxia. The expression level of VEGF were increased by G17 treatment as well. Experiments on the mechanism showed that G17 promoted HIF-1α expression, which subsequently enhanced β-catenin nuclear localization and activation of TCF3 and LEF1 and finally resulted in angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF. An in vivo experiment confirmed that G17 enhanced GC cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the resultant tumor. In conclusion, our findings indicate that gastrin promotes angiogenesis via activating HIF-1α/β-catenin/VEGF axis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Tiemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endoscopy Center, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China.
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China.
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Thavaneswaran S, Rath E, Tucker K, Joshua AM, Hess D, Pinese M, Ballinger ML, Thomas DM. Therapeutic implications of germline genetic findings in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:386-396. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-019-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Cabezas M, García-Quevedo L, Alonso C, Manubens M, Álvarez Y, Barquinero JF, Ramón Y Cajal S, Ortega M, Blanco A, Caballín MR, Armengol G. Polymorphisms in MDM2 and TP53 Genes and Risk of Developing Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:150. [PMID: 30655613 PMCID: PMC6336808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most severe complications after successful cancer therapy is the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN). Constitutional genetic variation is likely to impact on t-MN risk. We aimed to evaluate if polymorphisms in the p53 pathway can be useful for predicting t-MN susceptibility. First, an association study revealed that the Pro variant of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and the G allele of the MDM2 SNP309 were associated with t-MN risk. The Arg variant of TP53 is more efficient at inducing apoptosis, whereas the Pro variant is a more potent inductor of cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. As regards MDM2 SNP309, the G allele is associated with attenuation of the p53 apoptotic response. Second, to evaluate the biological effect of the TP53 polymorphism, we established Jurkat isogenic cell lines expressing p53Arg or p53Pro. Jurkat p53Arg cells presented higher DNA damage and higher apoptotic potential than p53Pro cells, after treatment with chemotherapy agents. Only p53Pro cells presented t(15;17) translocation and del(5q). We suggest that failure to repair DNA lesions in p53Arg cells would lead them to apoptosis, whereas some p53Pro cells, prone to cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, could undergo misrepair, generating chromosomal abnormalities typical of t-MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cabezas
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lydia García-Quevedo
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cintia Alonso
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Manubens
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Álvarez
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Francesc Barquinero
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Margarita Ortega
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adoración Blanco
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Caballín
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
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26
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Morton LM, Kerns SL, Dolan ME. Role of Germline Genetics in Identifying Survivors at Risk for Adverse Effects of Cancer Treatment. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:775-786. [PMID: 30231410 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_201391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing population of cancer survivors often faces adverse effects of treatment, which have a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. Although certain adverse effects are thought to have a significant heritable component, much work remains to be done to understand the role of germline genetic factors in the development of treatment-related toxicities. In this article, we review current understanding of genetic susceptibility to a range of adverse outcomes among cancer survivors (e.g., fibrosis, urinary and rectal toxicities, ototoxicity, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, subsequent malignancies). Most previous research has been narrowly focused, investigating variation in candidate genes and pathways such as drug metabolism, DNA damage and repair, and inflammation. Few of the findings from these earlier candidate gene studies have been replicated in independent populations. Advances in understanding of the genome, improvements in technology, and reduction in laboratory costs have led to recent genome-wide studies, which agnostically interrogate common and/or rare variants across the entire genome. Larger cohorts of patients with homogeneous treatment exposures and systematic ascertainment of well-defined outcomes as well as replication in independent study populations are essential aspects of the study design and are increasingly leading to the discovery of variants associated with each of the adverse outcomes considered in this review. In the long-term, validated germline genetic associations hold tremendous promise for more precisely identifying patients at highest risk for developing adverse treatment effects, with implications for frontline therapy decision-making, personalization of long-term follow-up guidelines, and potential identification of targets for prevention or treatment of the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Morton
- From the Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sarah L Kerns
- From the Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M Eileen Dolan
- From the Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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27
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Miles MA, Hawkins CJ. Mutagenic assessment of chemotherapy and Smac mimetic drugs in cells with defective DNA damage response pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14421. [PMID: 30258062 PMCID: PMC6158240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damaging therapies can spur the formation of therapy-related cancers, due to mis-repair of lesions they create in non-cancerous cells. This risk may be amplified in patients with impaired DNA damage responses. We disabled key DNA damage response pathways using genetic and pharmacological approaches, and assessed the impact of these deficiencies on the mutagenicity of chemotherapy drugs or the "Smac mimetic" GDC-0152, which kills tumor cells by targeting XIAP, cIAP1 and 2. Doxorubicin and cisplatin provoked mutations in more surviving cells deficient in ATM, p53 or the homologous recombination effector RAD51 than in wild type cells, but suppressing non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by disabling DNA-PKcs prevented chemotherapy-induced mutagenesis. Vincristine-induced mutagenesis required p53 and DNA-PKcs but was not affected by ATM status, consistent with it provoking ATM-independent p53-mediated activation of caspases and CAD, which creates DNA lesions in surviving cells that could be mis-repaired by NHEJ. Encouragingly, GDC-0152 failed to stimulate mutations in cells with proficient or defective DNA damage response pathways. This study highlights the elevated oncogenic risk associated with treating DNA repair-deficient patients with genotoxic anti-cancer therapies, and suggests a potential advantage for Smac mimetic drugs over traditional therapies: a reduced risk of therapy-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Miles
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine J Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
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28
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Morton LM, Ricks-Santi L, West CML, Rosenstein BS. Radiogenomic Predictors of Adverse Effects following Charged Particle Therapy. Int J Part Ther 2018; 5:103-113. [PMID: 30505881 PMCID: PMC6261418 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-18-00009.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiogenomics is the study of genomic factors that are associated with response to radiation therapy. In recent years, progress has been made toward identifying genetic risk factors linked with late radiation-induced adverse effects. These advances have been underpinned by the establishment of an international Radiogenomics Consortium with collaborative studies that expand cohort sizes to increase statistical power and efforts to improve methodologic approaches for radiogenomic research. Published studies have predominantly reported the results of research involving patients treated with photons using external beam radiation therapy. These studies demonstrate our ability to pool international cohorts to identify common single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with risk for developing normal tissue toxicities. Progress has also been achieved toward the discovery of genetic variants associated with radiation therapy-related subsequent malignancies. With the increasing use of charged particle therapy (CPT), there is a need to establish cohorts for patients treated with these advanced technology forms of radiation therapy and to create biorepositories with linked clinical data. While some genetic variants are likely to impact toxicity and second malignancy risks for both photons and charged particles, it is plausible that others may be specific to the radiation modality due to differences in their biological effects, including the complexity of DNA damage produced. In recognition that the formation of patient cohorts treated with CPT for radiogenomic studies is a high priority, efforts are underway to establish collaborations involving institutions treating cancer patients with protons and/or carbon ions as well as consortia, including the Proton Collaborative Group, the Particle Therapy Cooperative Group, and the Pediatric Proton Consortium Registry. These important radiogenomic CPT initiatives need to be expanded internationally to build on experience gained from the Radiogenomics Consortium and epidemiologists investigating normal tissue toxicities and second cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M. Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Catharine M. L. West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Barry S. Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Genetic Predisposition to Neuroblastoma. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5090119. [PMID: 30200332 PMCID: PMC6162470 DOI: 10.3390/children5090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in children under the age of one. It displays remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity, resulting in differences in outcomes that correlate with clinical and biologic features at diagnosis. While neuroblastoma accounts for approximately 5% of all cancer diagnoses in pediatrics, it disproportionately results in about 9% of all childhood deaths. Research advances over the decades have led to an improved understanding of neuroblastoma biology. However, the initiating events that lead to the development of neuroblastoma remain to be fully elucidated. It has only been recently that advances in genetics and genomics have allowed researchers to unravel the predisposing factors enabling the development of neuroblastoma and fully appreciate the interplay between the genetics of tumor and host. In this review, we outline the current understanding of familial neuroblastoma and highlight germline variations that predispose children to sporadic disease. We also discuss promising future directions in neuroblastoma genomic research and potential clinical applications for these advances.
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30
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Turcotte LM, Neglia JP, Reulen RC, Ronckers CM, van Leeuwen FE, Morton LM, Hodgson DC, Yasui Y, Oeffinger KC, Henderson TO. Risk, Risk Factors, and Surveillance of Subsequent Malignant Neoplasms in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Review. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2145-2152. [PMID: 29874133 PMCID: PMC6075849 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.7764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in childhood cancer survivors cause substantial morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes recent literature on SMN epidemiology, risk factors, surveillance, and interventions. Survivors of childhood cancer experience long-term increased SMN risk compared with the general population, with a greater than twofold increased solid tumor risk extending beyond age 40 years. There is a dose-dependent increased risk for solid tumors after radiotherapy, with the highest risks for tumors occurring in or near the treatment field (eg, greater than fivefold increased risk for breast, brain, thyroid, skin, bone, and soft tissue malignancies). Alkylating and anthracycline chemotherapies increase the risk for development of several solid malignancies in addition to acute leukemia/myelodysplasia, and these risks may be modified by other patient characteristics, such as age at exposure and, potentially, inherited genetic susceptibility. Strategies for identifying survivors at risk and initiating long-term surveillance have improved and interventions are underway to improve knowledge about late-treatment effects among survivors and caregivers. Better understanding of treatment-related risk factors and genetic susceptibility holds promise for refining surveillance strategies and, ultimately, upfront cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M. Turcotte
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Joseph P. Neglia
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Raoul C. Reulen
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Cecile M. Ronckers
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Flora E. van Leeuwen
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - David C. Hodgson
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Kevin C. Oeffinger
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Tara O. Henderson
- Lucie M. Turcotte, Joseph P. Neglia, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN; Raoul C. Reulen, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cecile M. Ronckers, Dutch Childhood Oncology Group Long-term Effects After Childhood Cancer Consortium, The Hague; Flora E. van Leeuwen, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lindsay M. Morton, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; David C. Hodgson, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Yutaka Yasui, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Kevin C. Oeffinger, Duke University, Durham, NC; and Tara O. Henderson, University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL
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31
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Dixon SB, Bjornard KL, Alberts NM, Armstrong GT, Brinkman TM, Chemaitilly W, Ehrhardt MJ, Fernandez-Pineda I, Force LM, Gibson TM, Green DM, Howell CR, Kaste SC, Kirchhoff A, Klosky JL, Krull KR, Lucas JT, Mulrooney DA, Ness KK, Wilson CL, Yasui Y, Robison LL, Hudson MM. Factors influencing risk-based care of the childhood cancer survivor in the 21st century. CA Cancer J Clin 2018; 68:133-152. [PMID: 29377070 PMCID: PMC8893118 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of adult survivors of childhood cancer continues to grow as survival rates improve. Although it is well established that these survivors experience various complications and comorbidities related to their malignancy and treatment, this risk is modified by many factors that are not directly linked to their cancer history. Research evaluating the influence of patient-specific demographic and genetic factors, premorbid and comorbid conditions, health behaviors, and aging has identified additional risk factors that influence cancer treatment-related toxicity and possible targets for intervention in this population. Furthermore, although current long-term follow-up guidelines comprehensively address specific therapy-related risks and provide screening recommendations, the risk profile of the population continues to evolve with ongoing modification of treatment strategies and the emergence of novel therapeutics. To address the multifactorial modifiers of cancer treatment-related health risk and evolving treatment approaches, a patient-centered and risk-adapted approach to care that often requires a multidisciplinary team approach, including medical and behavioral providers, is necessary for this population. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:133-152. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Dixon
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kari L Bjornard
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Nicole M Alberts
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Tara M Brinkman
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Wassim Chemaitilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Pediatric Medicine – Division of Endocrinology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Matthew J Ehrhardt
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Lisa M Force
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Todd M Gibson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Daniel M Green
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Carrie R Howell
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sue C Kaste
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Anne Kirchhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - James L Klosky
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kevin R Krull
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - John T Lucas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Daniel A Mulrooney
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Carmen L Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Gramatges MM, Bhatia S. Evidence for Genetic Risk Contributing to Long-Term Adverse Treatment Effects in Childhood Cancer Survivors. Annu Rev Med 2018; 69:247-262. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-041916-124328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for therapy-related morbidities and mortality. Although the demographic and clinical factors predicting the risk for long-term effects of cancer therapy are well known, the impact of genetic risk for specific late effects is less clearly defined. Here, we review the extant literature and recent research describing genetic modifiers to risk for the more common late effects of childhood cancer therapy. Results of this research support the need for clinical trials that attempt to further refine risk prediction by incorporating genetic testing into existing algorithms that are primarily based on clinical and demographic factors. Confirmation of genetic predisposition, as defined by reproducibility and prospective validation, would permit therapeutic modification and discussion of individualized survivor care plans even at initial cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Smita Bhatia
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
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Executioner caspases and CAD are essential for mutagenesis induced by TRAIL or vincristine. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3062. [PMID: 28981092 PMCID: PMC5680576 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs interfere with cellular processes to generate genotoxic lesions that activate cell death pathways. Sustained DNA damage induced by these drugs can provoke mutations in surviving non-cancerous cells, potentially increasing the risk of therapy-related cancers. Ligation of death receptors by ligands such as TRAIL, and subsequent activation of extrinsic apoptotic pathways, also provokes mutations. In this study, we show that executioner caspase activation of the apoptotic nuclease CAD/DFF40 is essential for TRAIL-induced mutations in surviving cells. As exposure to chemotherapy drugs also activates apoptotic caspases and presumably CAD, we hypothesized that these pathways may also contribute to the mutagenesis induced by conventional chemotherapy drugs, perhaps augmenting the mutations that arise from direct DNA damage provoked by these agents. Interestingly, vincristine-mediated mutations were caspase and CAD dependent. Executioner caspases accounted for some of the mutations caused by the topoisomerase poisons doxorubicin and SN38, but were dispensable for mutagenesis following treatment with cisplatin or temozolomide. These data highlight a non-apoptotic role of caspases in mutagenesis mediated by death receptor agonists, microtubule poisons and topoisomerase inhibitors, and provide further evidence for a potential carcinogenic consequence of sublethal apoptotic signaling stimulated by anticancer therapies.
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Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) arise as a late effect of chemotherapy and/or radiation administered for a primary condition, typically a malignant disease, solid organ transplant or autoimmune disease. Survival is measured in months, not years, making t-MN one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers. In this Review, we discuss recent developments that reframe our understanding of the genetic and environmental aetiology of t-MN. Emerging data are illuminating who is at highest risk of developing t-MN, why t-MN are chemoresistant and how we may use this information to treat and ultimately prevent this lethal disease.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/adverse effects
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Clone Cells/physiology
- Gene-Environment Interaction
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hematopoiesis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Mutation
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/etiology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy
- Prognosis
- Radiation Exposure/adverse effects
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E McNerney
- Department of Pathology and the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Michelle M Le Beau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Lacoste S, Bhatia S, Chen Y, Bhatia R, O’Connor TR. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in lymphoma patients is associated with a decrease in the double strand break repair capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171473. [PMID: 28207808 PMCID: PMC5313139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients who undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHCT) for treatment of a relapsed or refractory lymphoma are at risk of developing therapy related- myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML). Part of the risk likely resides in inherent interindividual differences in their DNA repair capacity (DRC), which is thought to influence the effect chemotherapeutic treatments have on the patient's stem cells prior to aHCT. Measuring DRC involves identifying small differences in repair proficiency among individuals. Initially, we investigated the cell model in healthy individuals (primary lymphocytes and/or lymphoblastoid cell lines) that would be appropriate to measure genetically determined DRC using host-cell reactivation assays. We present evidence that interindividual differences in DRC double-strand break repair (by non-homologous end-joining [NHEJ] or single-strand annealing [SSA]) are better preserved in non-induced primary lymphocytes. In contrast, lymphocytes induced to proliferate are required to assay base excision (BER) or nucleotide excision repair (NER). We established that both NHEJ and SSA DRCs in lymphocytes of healthy individuals were inversely correlated with the age of the donor, indicating that DSB repair in lymphocytes is likely not a constant feature but rather something that decreases with age (~0.37% NHEJ DRC/year). To investigate the predictive value of pre-aHCT DRC on outcome in patients, we then applied the optimized assays to the analysis of primary lymphocytes from lymphoma patients and found that individuals who later developed t-MDS/AML (cases) were indistinguishable in their DRC from controls who never developed t-MDS/AML. However, when DRC was investigated shortly after aHCT in the same individuals (21.6 months later on average), aHCT patients (both cases and controls) showed a significant decrease in DSB repair measurements. The average decrease of 6.9% in NHEJ DRC observed among aHCT patients was much higher than the 0.65% predicted for such a short time frame, based on ageing results for healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lacoste
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. O’Connor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States of America
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Applebaum MA, Vaksman Z, Lee SM, Hungate EA, Henderson TO, London WB, Pinto N, Volchenboum SL, Park JR, Naranjo A, Hero B, Pearson AD, Stranger BE, Cohn SL, Diskin SJ. Neuroblastoma survivors are at increased risk for second malignancies: A report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Project. Eur J Cancer 2016; 72:177-185. [PMID: 28033528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of second malignant neoplasm (SMN) within the first ten years of diagnosis in high-risk neuroblastoma patients treated with modern, intensive therapy is unknown. Further, the underlying germline genetics that contribute to SMN in these survivors are not known. METHODS The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) database of patients diagnosed from 1990 to 2010 was analysed. SMN risk was accessed by cumulative incidence, standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and absolute excess risk. A candidate gene-based association study evaluated genetic susceptibility to SMN in neuroblastoma survivors. RESULTS Of the 5987 patients in the INRG database with SMN data enrolled in a clinical trial, 43 (0.72%) developed a SMN. The 10-year cumulative incidence of SMN for high-risk patients was 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-2.6%) compared with 0.38% (95% CI: 0.22-0.94%) for low-risk patients (P = 0.01). High-risk patients had an almost 18-fold higher incidence of SMN compared to age- and sex-matched controls (SIR = 17.5 (95% CI: 11.4-25.3), absolute excess risk = 27.6). For patients treated on high- and intermediate-risk clinical trials, the SIR of acute myelogenous leukaemia was 106.8 (95% CI: 28.7-273.4) and 127.7 (95%CI: 25.7-373.3), respectively. Variants implicating DNA repair genes XRCC3 (rs861539: P = 0.006; odds ratio: 2.04, 95%CI: 1.19-3.46) and MSH2 (rs17036651: P = 0.009; odds ratio: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.81) were associated with SMN. CONCLUSION The intensive multi-modality treatment strategy currently used to treat high-risk neuroblastoma is associated with a significantly increased risk of secondary acute myelogenous leukaemia. Defining the interactions of treatment exposures and genetic factors that promote the development of SMN is critical for optimising survivorship care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Applebaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sang Mee Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric A Hungate
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tara O Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wendy B London
- Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Navin Pinto
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Julie R Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arlene Naranjo
- Children's Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainseville, FL, USA
| | - Barbara Hero
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew D Pearson
- Divisions of Cancer Therapeutics and Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research and Children and Young People's Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK - Retired
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Center for Data Intensive Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan L Cohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article evaluates the field of radiogenomics within recent developments in genomics and radiation biology. RECENT FINDINGS Many pediatric cancer survivors have undergone treatment with radiation, putting them at risk for long-term side-effects associated with this therapy, especially cardiac disease and secondary malignancies. Advancements in our understanding of radiation biology have led to the understanding that genetics plays a major role in determining a patient's susceptibility to developing long-term side-effects, leading to the field of 'radiogenomics'. Although initial candidate gene studies did not demonstrate replicable genetic variants that affected radiosensitivity, genome-wide association studies have recently begun to identify genes that may help explain some of the observed variation in radiosensitivity. As genomic sciences continues to progress and whole genome studies become more accessible, our understanding of the genes responsible for radiosensitivity will continue to progress. SUMMARY The field of radiogenomics continues to evolve with the availability and improved cost of genomic technologies allowing the study of an increasing fraction of the human genome. Studies into genetic factors influencing individual radiosensitivity will increase our understanding of radiobiology and improve our ability to counsel patients on the adverse effects they will likely experience.
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38
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Abou Zahr A, Kavi AM, Mukherjee S, Zeidan AM. Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes, or are they? Blood Rev 2016; 31:119-128. [PMID: 27923516 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes (t-MDS) is increasing as the number of cancer survivors is increasing. While t-MDS is currently defined descriptively by prior receipt of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, some forms of MDS that occur post localized radiation monotherapy, biologically and clinically resemble de novo (d)-MDS more than t-MDS, and therefore may not be truly therapy-related. Although patients with t-MDS, as a group, fare worse than patients with d-MDS, a variation in individual outcomes of patients with t-MDS has increasingly been appreciated. As such, accurate risk stratification is important for counseling of patients and for clinical decision making. Most of the current clinical tools used for prognostication in t-MDS were developed for d-MDS and were not specifically validated in patients with t-MDS. The management of patients with t-MDS remains challenging, highlighting the importance of developing effective prevention strategies as well as newer, targeted, and rationally-designed therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abou Zahr
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York City, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ami M Kavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York City, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sudipto Mukherjee
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Sherborne AL, Lavergne V, Yu K, Lee L, Davidson PR, Mazor T, Smirnoff IV, Horvai AE, Loh M, DuBois SG, Goldsby RE, Neglia JP, Hammond S, Robison LL, Wustrack R, Costello JF, Nakamura AO, Shannon KM, Bhatia S, Nakamura JL. Somatic and Germline TP53 Alterations in Second Malignant Neoplasms from Pediatric Cancer Survivors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1852-1861. [PMID: 27683180 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) are severe late complications that occur in pediatric cancer survivors exposed to radiotherapy and other genotoxic treatments. To characterize the mutational landscape of treatment-induced sarcomas and to identify candidate SMN-predisposing variants, we analyzed germline and SMN samples from pediatric cancer survivors.Experimental Design: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing on radiation-induced sarcomas arising from two pediatric cancer survivors. To assess the frequency of germline TP53 variants in SMNs, Sanger sequencing was performed to analyze germline TP53 in 37 pediatric cancer survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) without any history of a familial cancer predisposition syndrome but known to have developed SMNs.Results: WES revealed TP53 mutations involving p53's DNA-binding domain in both index cases, one of which was also present in the germline. The germline and somatic TP53-mutant variants were enriched in the transcriptomes for both sarcomas. Analysis of TP53-coding exons in germline specimens from the CCSS survivor cohort identified a G215C variant encoding an R72P amino acid substitution in 6 patients and a synonymous SNP A639G in 4 others, resulting in 10 of 37 evaluable patients (27%) harboring a germline TP53 variant.Conclusions: Currently, germline TP53 is not routinely assessed in patients with pediatric cancer. These data support the concept that identifying germline TP53 variants at the time a primary cancer is diagnosed may identify patients at high risk for SMN development, who could benefit from modified therapeutic strategies and/or intensive posttreatment monitoring. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1852-61. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Sherborne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Vincent Lavergne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Katharine Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Leah Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Philip R Davidson
- Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tali Mazor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ivan V Smirnoff
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew E Horvai
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mignon Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Department of Pediatrics, Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Program and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert E Goldsby
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sue Hammond
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Rosanna Wustrack
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alice O Nakamura
- Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin M Shannon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jean L Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Bhatia S, Gibson TM, Ness KK, Liu Q, Oeffinger KC, Krull KR, Nathan PC, Neglia JP, Leisenring W, Yasui Y, Robison LL, Armstrong GT. Childhood cancer survivorship research in minority populations: A position paper from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Cancer 2016; 122:2426-39. [PMID: 27253866 PMCID: PMC4956492 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
By the middle of this century, racial/ethnic minority populations will collectively constitute 50% of the US population. This temporal shift in the racial/ethnic composition of the US population demands a close look at the race/ethnicity-specific burden of morbidity and premature mortality among survivors of childhood cancer. To optimize targeted long-term follow-up care, it is essential to understand whether the burden of morbidity borne by survivors of childhood cancer differs by race/ethnicity. This is challenging because the number of minority participants is often limited in current childhood cancer survivorship research, resulting in a paucity of race/ethnicity-specific recommendations and/or interventions. Although the overall childhood cancer incidence increased between 1973 and 2003, the mortality rate declined; however, these changes did not differ appreciably by race/ethnicity. The authors speculated that any racial/ethnic differences in outcome are likely to be multifactorial, and drew on data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study to illustrate the various contributors (socioeconomic characteristics, health behaviors, and comorbidities) that could explain any observed differences in key treatment-related complications. Finally, the authors outlined challenges in conducting race/ethnicity-specific childhood cancer survivorship research, demonstrating that there are limited absolute numbers of children who are diagnosed and survive cancer in any one racial/ethnic minority population, thereby precluding a rigorous evaluation of adverse events among specific primary cancer diagnoses and treatment exposure groups. Cancer 2016;122:2426-2439. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Todd M Gibson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin C Oeffinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin R Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wendy Leisenring
- Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Bennani-Baiti B, Dietzel M, Baltzer PA. MRI Background Parenchymal Enhancement Is Not Associated with Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158573. [PMID: 27379395 PMCID: PMC4933349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, a strong positive association between background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and breast cancer was reported in high-risk populations. We sought to determine, whether this was also true for non-high-risk patients. Methods 540 consecutive patients underwent breast MRI for assessment of breast findings (BI-RADS 0–5, non-high-risk screening (no familial history of breast cancer, no known genetic mutation, no prior chest irradiation, or previous breast cancer diagnosis)) and subsequent histological work-up. For this IRB-approved study, BPE and fibroglandular tissue FGT were retrospectively assessed by two experienced radiologists according to the BI-RADS lexicon. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to explore associations between BPE, FGT, age and final diagnosis of breast cancer. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression analysis, considering covariate colinearities, was performed, using final diagnosis as the target variable and BPE, FGT and age as covariates. Results Age showed a moderate negative correlation with FGT (r = -0.43, p<0.001) and a weak negative correlation with BPE (r = -0.28, p<0.001). FGT and BPE correlated moderately (r = 0.35, p<0.001). Final diagnosis of breast cancer displayed very weak negative correlations with FGT (r = -0.09, p = 0.046) and BPE (r = -0.156, p<0.001) and weak positive correlation with age (r = 0.353, p<0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the only independent covariate for prediction of breast cancer was age (OR 1.032, p<0.001). Conclusions Based on our data, neither BPE nor FGT independently correlate with breast cancer risk in non-high-risk patients at MRI. Our model retained only age as an independent risk factor for breast cancer in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bennani-Baiti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital (AKH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: ; (BBB); (PB)
| | - Matthias Dietzel
- Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Andreas Baltzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: ; (BBB); (PB)
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Integrating Genomic Data Sets for Knowledge Discovery: An Informed Approach to Management of Captive Endangered Species. Int J Genomics 2016; 2016:2374610. [PMID: 27376076 PMCID: PMC4916311 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2374610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many endangered captive populations exhibit reduced genetic diversity resulting in health issues that impact reproductive fitness and quality of life. Numerous cost effective genomic sequencing and genotyping technologies provide unparalleled opportunity for incorporating genomics knowledge in management of endangered species. Genomic data, such as sequence data, transcriptome data, and genotyping data, provide critical information about a captive population that, when leveraged correctly, can be utilized to maximize population genetic variation while simultaneously reducing unintended introduction or propagation of undesirable phenotypes. Current approaches aimed at managing endangered captive populations utilize species survival plans (SSPs) that rely upon mean kinship estimates to maximize genetic diversity while simultaneously avoiding artificial selection in the breeding program. However, as genomic resources increase for each endangered species, the potential knowledge available for management also increases. Unlike model organisms in which considerable scientific resources are used to experimentally validate genotype-phenotype relationships, endangered species typically lack the necessary sample sizes and economic resources required for such studies. Even so, in the absence of experimentally verified genetic discoveries, genomics data still provides value. In fact, bioinformatics and comparative genomics approaches offer mechanisms for translating these raw genomics data sets into integrated knowledge that enable an informed approach to endangered species management.
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Miles MA, Shekhar TM, Hall NE, Hawkins CJ. TRAIL causes deletions at the HPRT and TK1 loci of clonogenically competent cells. Mutat Res 2016; 787:15-31. [PMID: 26943263 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
When chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective, they function by inducing DNA damage in cancerous cells, which respond by undergoing apoptosis. Some adverse effects can result from collateral destruction of non-cancerous cells, via the same mechanism. Therapy-related cancers, a particularly serious adverse effect of anti-cancer treatments, develop due to oncogenic mutations created in non-cancerous cells by the DNA damaging therapies used to eliminate the original cancer. Physiologically achievable concentrations of direct apoptosis inducing anti-cancer drugs that target Bcl-2 and IAP proteins possess negligible mutagenic activity, however death receptor agonists like TRAIL/Apo2L can provoke mutations in surviving cells, probably via caspase-mediated activation of the nuclease CAD. In this study we compared the types of mutations sustained in the HPRT and TK1 loci of clonogenically competent cells following treatment with TRAIL or the alkylating agent ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). As expected, the loss-of-function mutations in the HPRT or TK1 loci triggered by exposure to EMS were almost all transitions. In contrast, only a minority of the mutations identified in TRAIL-treated clones lacking HPRT or TK1 activity were substitutions. Almost three quarters of the TRAIL-induced mutations were partial or complete deletions of the HPRT or TK1 genes, consistent with sub-lethal TRAIL treatment provoking double strand breaks, which may be mis-repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Mis-repair of double-strand breaks following exposure to chemotherapy drugs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of therapy-related cancers. These data suggest that TRAIL too may provoke oncogenic damage to the genomes of surviving cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Miles
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanmay M Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan E Hall
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Life Sciences Computation Centre, Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine J Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Schneider U, Walsh L. Age at exposure and attained age variations of cancer risk in the Japanese A-bomb and radiotherapy cohorts. Med Phys 2015; 42:4755-61. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4927062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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McVeigh TP, Jung SY, Kerin MJ, Salzman DW, Nallur S, Nemec AA, Dookwah M, Sadofsky J, Paranjape T, Kelly O, Chan E, Miller N, Sweeney KJ, Zelterman D, Sweasy J, Pilarski R, Telesca D, Slack FJ, Weidhaas JB. Estrogen withdrawal, increased breast cancer risk and the KRAS-variant. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2091-9. [PMID: 25961464 PMCID: PMC4614527 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1041694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The KRAS-variant is a biologically functional, microRNA binding site variant, which predicts increased cancer risk especially for women. Because external exposures, such as chemotherapy, differentially impact the effect of this mutation, we evaluated the association of estrogen exposures, breast cancer (BC) risk and tumor biology in women with the KRAS-variant. Women with BC (n = 1712), the subset with the KRAS-variant (n = 286) and KRAS-variant unaffected controls (n = 80) were evaluated, and hormonal exposures, KRAS-variant status, and pathology were compared. The impact of estrogen withdrawal on transformation of isogenic normal breast cell lines with or without the KRAS-variant was studied. Finally, the association and presentation characteristics of the KRAS-variant and multiple primary breast cancer (MPBC) were evaluated. KRAS-variant BC patients were more likely to have ovarian removal pre-BC diagnosis than non-variant BC patients (p = 0.033). In addition, KRAS-variant BC patients also appeared to have a lower estrogen state than KRAS-variant unaffected controls, with a lower BMI (P < 0.001). Finally, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) discontinuation in KRAS-variant patients was associated with a diagnosis of triple negative BC (P < 0.001). Biologically confirming our clinical findings, acute estrogen withdrawal led to oncogenic transformation in KRAS-variant positive isogenic cell lines. Finally, KRAS-variant BC patients had greater than an 11-fold increased risk of presenting with MPBC compared to non-variant patients (45.39% vs 6.78%, OR 11.44 [3.42–37.87], P < 0.001). Thus, estrogen withdrawal and a low estrogen state appear to increase BC risk and to predict aggressive tumor biology in women with the KRAS-variant, who are also significantly more likely to present with multiple primary breast cancer.
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