1
|
Wang Y, Chen R, Zhang J, Zeng P. A comprehensive analysis of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 for carcinogenesis in pan-cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299949. [PMID: 38635758 PMCID: PMC11025932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is evidence that ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) is associated with numerous cancers, pan-cancer analysis has seldom been conducted. This study aimed to explore the potential carcinogenesis of RRM2 in pan-cancer using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS Data from the UCSC Xena database were analyzed to investigate the differential expression of RRM2 across multiple cancer types. Clinical data such as age, race, sex, tumor stage, and status were acquired to analyze the influence of RRM2 on the clinical characteristics of the patients. The role of RRM2 in the onset and progression of multiple cancers has been examined in terms of genetic changes at the molecular level, including tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), biological pathway changes, and the immune microenvironment. RESULTS RRM2 was highly expressed in most cancers, and there was an obvious correlation between RRM2 expression and patient prognosis. RRM2 expression is associated with the infiltration of diverse immune and endothelial cells, immune checkpoints, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). Moreover, the cell cycle is involved in the functional mechanisms of RRM2. CONCLUSIONS Our pan-cancer study provides a comprehensive understanding of the carcinogenesis of RRM2 in various tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee JY, Bhandare RR, Boddu SHS, Shaik AB, Saktivel LP, Gupta G, Negi P, Barakat M, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumour suppressor genes in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116275. [PMID: 38394846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor genes play a cardinal role in the development of a large array of human cancers, including lung cancer, which is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Therefore, extensive studies have been committed to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of alterations of tumour suppressor genes in governing tumourigenesis, as well as resistance to cancer therapies. In spite of the encouraging clinical outcomes demonstrated by lung cancer patients on initial treatment, the subsequent unresponsiveness to first-line treatments manifested by virtually all the patients is inherently a contentious issue. In light of the aforementioned concerns, this review compiles the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of some of the tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung cancer that are either frequently mutated and/or are located on the chromosomal arms having high LOH rates (1p, 3p, 9p, 10q, 13q, and 17p). Our study identifies specific genomic loci prone to LOH, revealing a recurrent pattern in lung cancer cases. These loci, including 3p14.2 (FHIT), 9p21.3 (p16INK4a), 10q23 (PTEN), 17p13 (TP53), exhibit a higher susceptibility to LOH due to environmental factors such as exposure to DNA-damaging agents (carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and genetic factors such as chromosomal instability, genetic mutations, DNA replication errors, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current treatment landscape and advancements for lung cancers, including the challenges and endeavours to overcome it. This review envisages inspired researchers to embark on a journey of discovery to add to the list of what was known in hopes of prompting the development of effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522212, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Lakshmana Prabu Saktivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman-11937, Jordan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Timofeev O, Giron P, Lawo S, Pichler M, Noeparast M. ERK pathway agonism for cancer therapy: evidence, insights, and a target discovery framework. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:70. [PMID: 38485987 PMCID: PMC10940698 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
At least 40% of human cancers are associated with aberrant ERK pathway activity (ERKp). Inhibitors targeting various effectors within the ERKp have been developed and explored for over two decades. Conversely, a substantial body of evidence suggests that both normal human cells and, notably to a greater extent, cancer cells exhibit susceptibility to hyperactivation of ERKp. However, this vulnerability of cancer cells remains relatively unexplored. In this review, we reexamine the evidence on the selective lethality of highly elevated ERKp activity in human cancer cells of varying backgrounds. We synthesize the insights proposed for harnessing this vulnerability of ERK-associated cancers for therapeutical approaches and contextualize these insights within established pharmacological cancer-targeting models. Moreover, we compile the intriguing preclinical findings of ERK pathway agonism in diverse cancer models. Lastly, we present a conceptual framework for target discovery regarding ERKp agonism, emphasizing the utilization of mutual exclusivity among oncogenes to develop novel targeted therapies for precision oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Giron
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research group Genetics, Reproduction and Development, Centre for Medical Genetics, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steffen Lawo
- CRISPR Screening Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Pichler
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Noeparast
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maphutha J, Twilley D, Lall N. The Role of the PTEN Tumor Suppressor Gene and Its Anti-Angiogenic Activity in Melanoma and Other Cancers. Molecules 2024; 29:721. [PMID: 38338464 PMCID: PMC10856229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human malignant melanoma and other solid cancers are largely driven by the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and angiogenesis. Conventional treatments for cancer (surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy) are employed as first-line treatments for solid cancers but are often ineffective as monotherapies due to resistance and toxicity. Thus, targeted therapies, such as bevacizumab, which targets vascular endothelial growth factor, have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as angiogenesis inhibitors. The downregulation of the tumor suppressor, phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN), occurs in 30-40% of human malignant melanomas, thereby elucidating the importance of the upregulation of PTEN activity. Phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN) is modulated at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels and regulates key signaling pathways such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which also drive angiogenesis. This review discusses the inhibition of angiogenesis through the upregulation of PTEN and the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1-α) in human malignant melanoma, as no targeted therapies have been approved by the FDA for the inhibition of angiogenesis in human malignant melanoma. The emergence of nanocarrier formulations to enhance the pharmacokinetic profile of phytochemicals that upregulate PTEN activity and improve the upregulation of PTEN has also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Maphutha
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Danielle Twilley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Iqbal MJ, Kabeer A, Abbas Z, Siddiqui HA, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J, Cho WC. Interplay of oxidative stress, cellular communication and signaling pathways in cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:7. [PMID: 38167159 PMCID: PMC10763046 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global public health concern, with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Oxidative stress, characterized by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells, plays a critical role in the development of cancer by affecting genomic stability and signaling pathways within the cellular microenvironment. Elevated levels of ROS disrupt cellular homeostasis and contribute to the loss of normal cellular functions, which are associated with the initiation and progression of various types of cancer. In this review, we have focused on elucidating the downstream signaling pathways that are influenced by oxidative stress and contribute to carcinogenesis. These pathways include p53, Keap1-NRF2, RB1, p21, APC, tumor suppressor genes, and cell type transitions. Dysregulation of these pathways can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, impaired DNA repair mechanisms, and evasion of cell death, all of which are hallmark features of cancer development. Therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting oxidative stress have emerged as a critical area of investigation for molecular biologists. The objective is to limit the response time of various types of cancer, including liver, breast, prostate, ovarian, and lung cancers. By modulating the redox balance and restoring cellular homeostasis, it may be possible to mitigate the damaging effects of oxidative stress and enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments. The development of targeted therapies and interventions that specifically address the impact of oxidative stress on cancer initiation and progression holds great promise in improving patient outcomes. These approaches may include antioxidant-based treatments, redox-modulating agents, and interventions that restore normal cellular function and signaling pathways affected by oxidative stress. In summary, understanding the role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis and targeting this process through therapeutic interventions are of utmost importance in combating various types of cancer. Further research is needed to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying oxidative stress-related pathways and to develop effective strategies that can be translated into clinical applications for the management and treatment of cancer. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha Kabeer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaighum Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | | | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wei X, Tian Z, Zhao F, Sun A, Zhao S, Jamil M, Yan W. Unveiling pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes across head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients via next generation sequencing. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:6099-6112. [PMID: 38187047 PMCID: PMC10767334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSC) presents a formidable challenge in the field of oncology due to its aggressive nature and the limited therapeutic options available. In this study, our primary focus was on the Pakistani HNSC patient population, aiming to investigate germline oncogenic mutations within the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes via Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and explore their clinical implications. We sought to understand the functional consequences of these mutations via RT-qPCR and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. The key discovery of our research lies in the identification of three pathogenic mutations, including two within BRCA1 (p.Cys274Ter and p.Glu272Ter) and one within BRCA2 (p.Met1Val), among Pakistani HNSC patients. These mutations previously associated with an increased risk of various cancers. What sets our study apart is the uniqueness of these pathogenic mutations, absent in HNSC patients from other populations. This suggests a distinct genetic profile in Pakistani HNSC patients, possibly contributing to their susceptibility to this malignancy. Furthermore, our research revealed elevated expression levels of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in HNSC samples harboring pathogenic mutations, offering insights into mechanisms driving tumor progression in HNSC. Importantly, we identified significant enrichment of BRCA1/2 genes in pathways related to cancer development within the KEGG database. Finally, in our quest to explore therapeutic avenues, we systematically analyzed drugs targeting up-regulated and mutated BRCA1/2 genes, identifying promising candidates for tailored treatment modalities in HNSC. In conclusion, our study reveals the unique genetic profile of HNSC in Pakistani patients, featuring unique pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These mutations offer promise as valuable diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central HospitalCangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhizhengrong Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central HospitalCangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Fengyun Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalCangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Anjun Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central HospitalCangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central HospitalCangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- PARC Arid Zone Research CenterDera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central HospitalCangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Shen L, Tao K, Xu G, Ji K. Key Roles of p53 Signaling Pathway-Related Factors GADD45B and SERPINE1 in the Occurrence and Development of Gastric Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:6368893. [PMID: 37662480 PMCID: PMC10471451 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6368893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 can function as an independent and unfavorable prognosis biomarker in cancer patients. We tried to identify the key factors of the p53 signaling pathway involved in gastric cancer (GC) occurrence and development based on the genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) screening. We downloaded gene expression data and clinical data of GC included in the GTEx and TCGA databases, followed by differential analysis. Then, the key factors in the p53 signaling pathway were identified, followed by an analysis of the correlation between key factors and the prognosis of GC patients. Human GC cell lines were selected for in vitro cell experiments to verify the effects of key prognostic factors on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of GC cells. We found 4,944 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 2,465 were upregulated and 2,479 downregulated in GC. Then, 27 DEGs were found to be involved in the p53 signaling pathway. GADD45B and SERPINE1 genes were prognostic high-risk genes. The regression coefficients of GADD45B and SERPINE1 were positive. GADD45B was poorly expressed, while SERPINE1 was highly expressed in GC tissues, highlighting their prognostic role in GC. The in vitro cell experiments confirmed that overexpression of GADD45B or silencing of SERPINE1 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion and augment the apoptosis of GC cells. Collectively, the p53 signaling pathway-related factors GADD45B and SERPINE1 may be key genes that participate in the development of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Liyijing Shen
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Kelong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Guangen Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Kewei Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soltan MA, Alhanshani AA, Shati AA, Alqahtani YA, Alshaya DS, Alharthi J, Altalhi SA, Fayad E, Zaki MSA, Eid RA. Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Interfere with Several Immune Components and Predict Poor Clinical Outcome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2254. [PMID: 37626750 PMCID: PMC10452213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is a well-known tumor suppressor gene as it functions as a cell cycle regulator. While several reports correlate the malfunction of CDKN2A with the initiation and progression of several types of human tumors, there is a lack of a comprehensive study that analyzes the potential effect of CDKN2A genetic alterations on the human immune components and the consequences of that effect on tumor progression and patient survival in a pan-cancer model. The first stage of the current study was the analysis of CDKN2A differential expression in tumor tissues and the corresponding normal ones and correlating that with tumor stage, grade, metastasis, and clinical outcome. Next, a detailed profile of CDKN2A genetic alteration under tumor conditions was described and assessed for its effect on the status of different human immune components. CDKN2A was found to be upregulated in cancerous tissues versus normal ones and that predicted the progression of tumor stage, grade, and metastasis in addition to poor prognosis under different forms of tumors. Additionally, CDKN2A experienced different forms of genetic alteration under tumor conditions, a characteristic that influenced the infiltration and the status of CD8, the chemokine CCL4, and the chemokine receptor CCR6. Collectively, the current study demonstrates the potential employment of CDKN2A genetic alteration as a prognostic and immunological biomarker under several types of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A. Alhanshani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Sulaiman Alshaya
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alharthi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Awwadh Altalhi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu Y, Zhang H, Guo Z, Zhou J, Zhang W, Gong M, Wu J. CKM and TERT dual promoters drive CRISPR-dCas9 to specifically inhibit the malignant behavior of osteosarcoma cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:52. [PMID: 37415116 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in treatment and chemotherapy have increased the survival rate of osteosarcoma, but overall efficacy remains low, highlighting the need for new gene therapy methods. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-deactivated Cas9 (CRISPR-dCas9) technology offers a promising strategy, but targeting osteosarcoma cells precisely is a challenge. We designed a system to achieve specific expression of CRISPR-dCas9-KRAB in osteosarcoma cells by using the creatine kinase muscle (CKM) promoter to drive dCas9-KRAB and the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter to drive single guide (sg)RNA expression. We inhibited the MDM2 proto-oncogene using this system in vitro, which efficiently inhibited the malignant behavior of osteosarcoma cells and induced apoptosis without affecting normal cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that this system effectively inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumors in nude mice. These findings provide a new method for precise identification and intervention of osteosarcoma with significant implications for the development of gene therapy methods for other cancers. Future research should focus on optimizing this system for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zengfeng Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Spine Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amiri Souri E, Chenoweth A, Karagiannis SN, Tsoka S. Drug repurposing and prediction of multiple interaction types via graph embedding. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:202. [PMID: 37193964 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding drugs that can interact with a specific target to induce a desired therapeutic outcome is key deliverable in drug discovery for targeted treatment. Therefore, both identifying new drug-target links, as well as delineating the type of drug interaction, are important in drug repurposing studies. RESULTS A computational drug repurposing approach was proposed to predict novel drug-target interactions (DTIs), as well as to predict the type of interaction induced. The methodology is based on mining a heterogeneous graph that integrates drug-drug and protein-protein similarity networks, together with verified drug-disease and protein-disease associations. In order to extract appropriate features, the three-layer heterogeneous graph was mapped to low dimensional vectors using node embedding principles. The DTI prediction problem was formulated as a multi-label, multi-class classification task, aiming to determine drug modes of action. DTIs were defined by concatenating pairs of drug and target vectors extracted from graph embedding, which were used as input to classification via gradient boosted trees, where a model is trained to predict the type of interaction. After validating the prediction ability of DT2Vec+, a comprehensive analysis of all unknown DTIs was conducted to predict the degree and type of interaction. Finally, the model was applied to propose potential approved drugs to target cancer-specific biomarkers. CONCLUSION DT2Vec+ showed promising results in predicting type of DTI, which was achieved via integrating and mapping triplet drug-target-disease association graphs into low-dimensional dense vectors. To our knowledge, this is the first approach that addresses prediction between drugs and targets across six interaction types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Amiri Souri
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - A Chenoweth
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, Bush House, London, WC2B 4BG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bradu P, Biswas A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, El Allali A, Alsamman AM, Zayed H, George Priya Doss C. Evolving strategies and application of proteins and peptide therapeutics in cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114832. [PMID: 37150032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides have therapeutic potential and can be used for cancer therapy. By binding to cell surface receptors and other indicators uniquely linked with or overexpressed on tumors compared to healthy tissue, protein biologics enhance the active targeting of cancer cells, as opposed to the passive targeting of cells by conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics. This study focuses on peptide medications that exist to slow or stop tumor growth and the spread of cancer, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of peptides in cancer treatment. As an alternative to standard chemotherapy, peptides that selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue are developing. A mountain of clinical evidence supports the efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Since a single treatment technique may not be sufficient to produce favourable results in the fight against cancer, combination therapy is emerging as an effective option to generate synergistic benefits. One example of this new area is the use of anticancer peptides in combination with nonpeptidic cytotoxic drugs or the combination of immunotherapy with conventional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy. This review focuses on the different natural and synthetic peptides obtained and researched. Discoveries, manufacture, and modifications of peptide drugs, as well as their contemporary applications, are summarized in this review. We also discuss the benefits and difficulties of potential advances in therapeutic peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Pragya Bradu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Antara Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Alsamman M Alsamman
- Department of Genome Mapping, Molecular Genetics, and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Du X, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Wang H, Jiang L, Tang W. Risk signature identification and NPRL2 affects sunitinib sensitivity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:122-131. [PMID: 37121122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. We analyzed the subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) mediated by 8 genes contained in the 3p21.3 tumor suppressor gene cluster and their effects on TME cell infiltration based on the TCGA database. The risk score model was established by principal component analysis. The hub gene NPRL2 was selected by protein-protein interactions (PPI) analysis. The effect of NPRL2 on sunitinib sensitivity of ccRCC was verified by using CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and xenograft tumor model. Changes in protein expression were detected by Western blotting. We found that 8 TSGs were all differentially expressed in ccRCC samples, which could divide ccRCC into two subtypes. The constructed risk score model could predict the prognosis and drug sensitivity of ccRCC patients, and was an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. Over-expression of NPRL2 promoted apoptosis, inhibited EMT, decreased the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit its activity, and promoted the sensitivity of sunitinib to ccRCC cells. Collectively, our findings increased the understanding of TSGs in ccRCC, suggesting that NPRL2 as a TSG could enhance sunitinib sensitivity to ccRCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hexi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu S, Xu H, Chen R, Shen Q, Yang D, Peng H, Tong J, Fu Q. DNA methylation and miR-92a-3p-mediated repression of HIP1R promotes pancreatic cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:788-802. [PMID: 36811277 PMCID: PMC10002968 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PAAD) is a highly malignant tumour characterized of high mortality and poor prognosis. Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related (HIP1R) has been recognized as a tumour suppressor in gastric cancer, while its biological function in PAAD remains to be elucidated. In this study, we reported the downregulation of HIP1R in PAAD tissues and cell lines, and the overexpression of HIP1R suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of PAAD cells, while silencing HIP1R showed the opposite effects. DNA methylation analysis revealed that the promoter region of HIP1R was heavily methylated in PAAD cell lines when compared to the normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells. A DNA methylation inhibitor 5-AZA increased the expression of HIP1R in PAAD cells. 5-AZA treatment also inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis in PAAD cell lines, which could be attenuated by HIP1R silencing. We further demonstrated that HIP1R was negatively regulated by miR-92a-3p, which modulates the malignant phenotype of PAAD cells in vitro and the tumorigenesis in vivo. The miR-92a-3p/HIP1R axis could regulate PI3K/AKT pathway in PAAD cells. Taken together, our data suggest that targeting DNA methylation and miR-92a-3p-mediated repression of HIP1R could serve as novel therapeutic strategies for PAAD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiting Xu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Runzhi Chen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Tong
- Department of PICC, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu H, Zhong W, Zhang R, Ding Y, Qu C, Lai K, Pang Z, Yin S, Zhang G, Chen S. G-quadruplex-enhanced circular single-stranded DNA (G4-CSSD) adsorption of miRNA to inhibit colon cancer progression. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9774-9787. [PMID: 36855796 PMCID: PMC10166891 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal heterogeneity leads to the abnormal expression and mutation of tumor-specific genes. Drugs targeting oncogenes have been extensively developed. However, given the random mutation of tumor suppressor genes, the development of its targeted drugs is difficult. METHODS Our early research revealed that artificial circular single-stranded DNA (CSSD) can restore multiple tumor suppressor genes to inhibit tumor malignant progression by adsorbing miRNA. Here, we improved CSSD to a fully closed single-stranded DNA with G quadruplex DNA secondary structure (G4-CSSD), which made G4-CSSD with higher acquisition rate and decreased degradation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas database were used to predict tumour suppressor genes in colon cancer. Cellular and animal experiments were performed to validate the role of G4-CSSD in cancer cell progression. RESULTS In colon cancer, we observed the simultaneous low expressions of chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1), UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6 (B3GNT6) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A3 (UGT2A3), which indicated an favourable prognosis. After repressing miR-590-3p with G4-CSSD590, the upregulation of CLCA1, B3GNT6 and UGT2A3 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study may provide basis for new treatment methods for colon cancer by restoration of tumor suppressor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuping Ding
- Gastroenterology Department of Medical Center of CAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhua Qu
- Department of outpatient and emergency, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Keguan Lai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Yin
- OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guangling Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu S, Li W, Zhang H, Yan Y, Mei Q, Wu K. Retinal determination gene networks: from biological functions to therapeutic strategies. Biomark Res 2023; 11:18. [PMID: 36750914 PMCID: PMC9906957 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal determinant gene network (RDGN), originally discovered as a critical determinator in Drosophila eye specification, has become an important regulatory network in tumorigenesis and progression, as well as organogenesis. This network is not only associated with malignant biological behaviors of tumors, such as proliferation, and invasion, but also regulates the development of multiple mammalian organs. Three members of this conservative network have been extensively investigated, including DACH, SIX, and EYA. Dysregulated RDGN signaling is associated with the initiation and progression of tumors. In recent years, it has been found that the members of this network can be used as prognostic markers for cancer patients. Moreover, they are considered to be potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Here, we summarize the research progress of RDGN members from biological functions to signaling transduction, especially emphasizing their effects on tumors. Additionally, we discuss the roles of RDGN members in the development of organs and tissue as well as their correlations with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease and coronary heart disease. By summarizing the roles of RDGN members in human diseases, we hope to promote future investigations into RDGN and provide potential therapeutic strategies for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Zhu
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Wanling Li
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.470966.aCancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yuheng Yan
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China. .,Cancer Center, Tongji hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Quraish RU, Hirahata T, Quraish AU, ul Quraish S. An Overview: Genetic Tumor Markers for Early Detection and Current Gene Therapy Strategies. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351221150772. [PMID: 36762284 PMCID: PMC9903029 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221150772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is considered a fundamental factor involved in any neoplastic disease. Consequently, the genetically unstable cells contribute to intratumoral genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity of cancer. These genetic alterations can be detected by several diagnostic techniques of molecular biology and the detection of alteration in genomic integrity may serve as reliable genetic molecular markers for the early detection of cancer or cancer-related abnormal changes in the body cells. These genetic molecular markers can detect cancer earlier than any other method of cancer diagnosis, once a tumor is diagnosed, then replacement or therapeutic manipulation of these cancer-related abnormal genetic changes can be possible, which leads toward effective and target-specific cancer treatment and in many cases, personalized treatment of cancer could be performed without the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we describe how these genetic molecular markers can be detected and the possible ways for the application of this gene diagnosis for gene therapy that can attack cancerous cells, directly or indirectly, which lead to overall improved management and quality of life for a cancer patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuyuki Hirahata
- Tetsuyuki Hirahata, Hirahata Gene Therapy Laboratory, HIC Clinic #1105, Itocia Office Tower 11F, 2-7-1, Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang L, Luo B, Lu Y, Chen Y. Targeting Death-Associated Protein Kinases for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1112-1136. [PMID: 36645394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family is a member of the calcium/calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine protein kinase family, and studies have shown that its role, as its name suggests, is mainly to regulate cell death. The DAPK family comprises five members, including DAPK1, DAPK2, DAPK3, DRAK1 and DRAK2, which show high homology in the common N-terminal kinase domain but differ in the extra-catalytic domain. Notably, previous research has suggested that the DAPK family plays an essential role in both the development and regulation of human diseases. However, only a few small-molecule inhibitors have been reported. In this Perspective, we mainly discuss the structure, biological function, and role of DAPKs in diseases and the currently discovered small-molecule inhibitors, providing valuable information for the development of the DAPK field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Boqin Luo
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tsochantaridis I, Roupas A, Mohlin S, Pappa A, Voulgaridou GP. The Concept of Cancer Stem Cells: Elaborating on ALDH1B1 as an Emerging Marker of Cancer Progression. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010197. [PMID: 36676146 PMCID: PMC9863106 DOI: 10.3390/life13010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial, complex disease exhibiting extraordinary phenotypic plasticity and diversity. One of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment is intratumoral heterogeneity, which obstructs the efficient eradication of the tumor. Tumor heterogeneity is often associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cancer cell sub-population possessing a panel of stem-like properties, such as a self-renewal ability and multipotency potential. CSCs are associated with enhanced chemoresistance due to the enhanced efflux of chemotherapeutic agents and the existence of powerful antioxidant and DNA damage repair mechanisms. The distinctive characteristics of CSCs make them ideal targets for clinical therapeutic approaches, and the identification of efficient and specific CSCs biomarkers is of utmost importance. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) comprise a wide superfamily of metabolic enzymes that, over the last years, have gained increasing attention due to their association with stem-related features in a wide panel of hematopoietic malignancies and solid cancers. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) is an isoform that has been characterized as a marker of colon cancer progression, while various studies suggest its importance in additional malignancies. Here, we review the basic concepts related to CSCs and discuss the potential role of ALDH1B1 in cancer development and its contribution to the CSC phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Tsochantaridis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Angelos Roupas
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sofie Mohlin
- Division of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University Cancer Center, 22384 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia-Persephoni Voulgaridou
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schuch LF, Viana KSS, Arruda JAAD, Abreu LG, Aguiar MCFD, Bernardes VF. Effects of tobacco on the DNA of smokers and non-smokers affected by OSCC: systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e008. [PMID: 36629591 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence about genetic and molecular changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among smokers and non-smokers is inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of tobacco on the DNA of individuals with OSCC based on protein mutations. Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify observational studies published up to January/2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used for the critical appraisal of studies. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated. Twenty-three studies assessing 4,060 individuals (2,967 smokers vs. 1,093 non-smokers) were included in this review. Fifteen groups of proteins/genes were investigated. Analysis of the quality of articles revealed low risk of bias in most studies. The certainty of the evidence was very low. The meta-analysis confirmed no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers with respect to damage to GSTM1 (OR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.30-1.18), GSTT1 (OR: 1.18; 95%CI:0.49-2.83), hydrolase proteins (Ku70 and Ku80) (OR: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.18-3.05), and transferase proteins (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTM3) (OR: 0.74; 95%CI: 0.47-1.18). Most of the studies included showed that smokers are more likely to exhibit genetic instability. However, the meta-analysis revealed that smokers do not necessarily have more genetic alterations in the DNA than non-smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Karolina Skarlet Silva Viana
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Ferreira de Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Fátima Bernardes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Biological Sciences Institute, Department of Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meng H, Nan M, Li Y, Ding Y, Yin Y, Zhang M. Application of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology in basic research, diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148412. [PMID: 37020597 PMCID: PMC10067930 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and its progression is accompanied by a complex array of genetic variations. CRISPR/Cas9 can identify new drug-resistant or sensitive mutations in colon cancer, and can use gene editing technology to develop new therapeutic targets and provide personalized treatments, thereby significantly improving the treatment of colon cancer patients. CRISPR/Cas9 systems are driving advances in biotechnology. RNA-directed Cas enzymes have accelerated the pace of basic research and led to clinical breakthroughs. This article reviews the rapid development of CRISPR/Cas in colon cancer, from gene editing to transcription regulation, gene knockout, genome-wide CRISPR tools, therapeutic targets, stem cell genomics, immunotherapy, metabolism-related genes and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, the limitations and future development of CRISPR/Cas9 in colon cancer studies are reviewed. In conclusion, this article reviews the application of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology in basic research, diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Meng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingzhi Zhang, ; Hui Meng,
| | - Manman Nan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuhui Yin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingzhi Zhang, ; Hui Meng,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moslehi M, Rezaei S, Talebzadeh P, Ansari MJ, Jawad MA, Jalil AT, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Jafarzadeh E, Taeb S, Najafi M. Apigenin in cancer therapy: Prevention of genomic instability and anticancer mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:3-18. [PMID: 36111951 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer has been growing worldwide. Better survival rates following the administration of novel drugs and new combination therapies may concomitantly cause concern regarding the long-term adverse effects of cancer therapy, for example, second primary malignancies. Moreover, overcoming tumour resistance to anticancer agents has been long considered as a critical challenge in cancer research. Some low toxic adjuvants such as herb-derived molecules may be of interest for chemoprevention and overcoming the resistance of malignancies to cancer therapy. Apigenin is a plant-derived molecule with attractive properties for chemoprevention, for instance, promising anti-tumour effects, which may make it a desirable adjuvant to reduce genomic instability and the risks of second malignancies among normal tissues. Moreover, it may improve the efficiency of anticancer modalities. This paper aims to review various effects of apigenin in both normal tissues and malignancies. In addition, we explain how apigenin may have the ability to protect usual cells against the genotoxic repercussions following radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of apigenin on tumours will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Moslehi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pourya Talebzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Nima Rastegar-Pouyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang C, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhu AX, Bernards R, Qin W, Wang C. Evolving therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:203-222. [PMID: 36369487 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solid malignancies worldwide. A large proportion of patients with HCC are diagnosed at advanced stages and are only amenable to systemic therapies. We have witnessed the evolution of systemic therapies from single-agent targeted therapy (sorafenib and lenvatinib) to the combination of a checkpoint inhibitor plus targeted therapy (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy). Despite remarkable advances, only a small subset of patients can obtain durable clinical benefit, and therefore substantial therapeutic challenges remain. In the past few years, emerging systemic therapies, including new molecular-targeted monotherapies (for example, donafenib), new immuno-oncology monotherapies (for example, durvalumab) and new combination therapies (for example, durvalumab plus tremelimumab), have shown encouraging results in clinical trials. In addition, many novel therapeutic approaches with the potential to offer improved treatment effects in patients with advanced HCC, such as sequential combination targeted therapy and next-generation adoptive cell therapy, have also been proposed and developed. In this Review, we summarize the latest clinical advances in the treatment of advanced HCC and discuss future perspectives that might inform the development of more effective therapeutics for advanced HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Jiahui International Cancer Center, Jiahui Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - René Bernards
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Potential Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors in Management of Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities from Herbal Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113334. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a multifunctional protein involved in cellular communication, integrating and transducing extracellular signals from cell-surface membrane receptors. It plays a central role intracellularly and extracellularly within the tumor microenvironment. Perturbations in FAK signaling promote tumor occurrence and development, and studies have revealed its biological behavior in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Herein we provide an overview of the complex biology of the FAK family members and their context-dependent nature. Next, with a focus on cancer, we highlight the activities of FAK signaling in different types of cancer and how knowledge of them is being used for screening natural compounds used in herbal medicine to fight tumor development.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zaman R, Islam RA, Chowdhury EH. Evolving therapeutic proteins to precisely kill cancer cells. J Control Release 2022; 351:779-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
25
|
Djulbegovic MB, Taylor DJ, Uversky VN, Galor A, Shields CL, Karp CL. Intrinsic Disorder in BAP1 and Its Association with Uveal Melanoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1703. [PMID: 36292588 PMCID: PMC9601668 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Specific subvariants of uveal melanoma (UM) are associated with increased rates of metastasis compared to other subvariants. BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1)-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is encoded by a gene that has been linked to aggressive behavior in UM. Methods: We evaluated BAP1 for the presence of intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) and its protein−protein interactions (PPI). We evaluated specific sequence-based features of the BAP1 protein using a set of bioinformatic databases, predictors, and algorithms. Results: We show that BAP1’s structure contains extensive IDPRs as it is highly enriched in proline residues (the most disordered amino acid; p-value < 0.05), the average percent of predicted disordered residues (PPDR) was 57.34%, and contains 9 disorder-based binding sites (ie. molecular recognition features (MoRFs)). BAP1’s intrinsic disorder allows it to engage in a complex PPI network with at least 49 partners (p-value < 1.0 × 10−16). Conclusion: These findings show that BAP1 contains IDPRs and an intricate PPI network. Mutations in UM that are associated with the BAP1 gene may alter the function of the IDPRs embedded into its structure. These findings develop the understanding of UM and may provide a target for potential novel therapies to treat this aggressive neoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Taylor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Research Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carol L. Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Carol L. Karp
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee P, Yim R, Miu KK, Fung SH, Liao JJ, Wang Z, Li J, Yung Y, Chu HT, Yip PK, Lee E, Tse E, Kwong YL, Gill H. Epigenetic Silencing of PTEN and Epi-Transcriptional Silencing of MDM2 Underlied Progression to Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Treated with Hypomethylating Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5670. [PMID: 35628480 PMCID: PMC9144309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), resistance to hypomethylating agents (HMA) portends a poor prognosis, underscoring the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to HMA-resistance. In this study, P39 and Kasumi-1 cells and their azacitidine-resistant and decitabine-resistant sublines were evaluated comparatively with transcriptomic and methylomic analyses. Expression profiling and genome-wide methylation microarray showed downregulation of PTEN associated with DNA hypermethylation in P39 cell lines resistant to azacitidine and decitabine. This pattern of PTEN dysregulation was also confirmed in a cohort of patients failing treatment with HMA. DNA hypomethylation of MDM2 was detected with downregulation of MDM2 in HMA resistant cell lines. Long-read sequencing revealed significant RNA hypomethylation of MDM2 resulting in alternative splicing and production of a truncated MDM2 transcript in azacitidine-resistant P39 cells. The expression of this MDM2 truncated transcript was also significantly increased in HMA-resistant patients compared with HMA-responsive patients. In conclusion, epigenetic and epi-transcriptomic dysregulation of PTEN and MDM2 were associated with resistance to hypomethylating agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.); (E.L.); (E.T.); (Y.-L.K.)
| | - Rita Yim
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.); (E.L.); (E.T.); (Y.-L.K.)
| | - Kai-Kei Miu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-K.M.); (S.-H.F.); (Z.W.)
| | - Sin-Hang Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-K.M.); (S.-H.F.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jason Jinyue Liao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Zhangting Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.-K.M.); (S.-H.F.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yammy Yung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.); (E.L.); (E.T.); (Y.-L.K.)
| | - Hiu-Tung Chu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.); (E.L.); (E.T.); (Y.-L.K.)
| | - Pui-Kwan Yip
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.); (E.L.); (E.T.); (Y.-L.K.)
| | - Emily Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.); (E.L.); (E.T.); (Y.-L.K.)
| | - Eric Tse
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.); (E.L.); (E.T.); (Y.-L.K.)
| | - Yok-Lam Kwong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.); (E.L.); (E.T.); (Y.-L.K.)
| | - Harinder Gill
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Y.); (H.-T.C.); (P.-K.Y.); (E.L.); (E.T.); (Y.-L.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102461. [PMID: 35626065 PMCID: PMC9139614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. As tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) are implicated in many different functions in the organism, their loss in cells in a normal tissue may drive their transformation into cancer cells. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in the control of cell cycle and apoptosis; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in maintaining genomic stability; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for neoplastic growth. Different inactivation mechanisms may suppress TSG function. Understanding these mechanisms and TSG alterations in thyroid tumors is of great importance for thyroid cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy. The present review paper discusses TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in order to help to identify more efficient therapeutic modalities for thyroid cancer management. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal functions of TSGs include cell proliferation and differentiation control, genomic integrity maintenance, DNA damage repair, and signaling pathway regulation. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in the genomic stability maintenance; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for malignant cell growth. Several possible mechanisms have been implicated in TSG inactivation. Reviewing the various TSG alteration types detected in thyroid cancers may help researchers to better understand the TSG defects implicated in the development/progression of this cancer type and to find potential targets for prognostic, predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Hence, the main purposes of this review article are to describe the various TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in human thyroid cancer, and the current therapeutic options for targeting TSGs in thyroid cancer.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang T, Cheng G, Chen P, Peng Y, Liu L, Li R, Qiu B. RS1
gene is a novel prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1850-1861. [PMID: 35569920 PMCID: PMC9200886 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although it has a poor prognosis, patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have a relatively higher 5‐year survival period. Thus, it is necessary to identify effective prognostic markers to evaluate the effect of early treatment. RS1 gene encodes retinoschisin, a key protein in congenital retinoschisis, while few studies have been reported on the association between RS1 and cancer prognosis. Methods We performed bioinformatic analyses based on the data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases to demonstrate the expression level of RS1 was related to the LUAD prognosis and our findings were verified in‐vitro and clinical samples. Then, we explored the potential mechanism of how RS1 expression influenced the prognosis of LUAD. Results Compared with normal tissues, the RS1 expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues. The Multivariate Cox regression model showed that RS1 could be used as an independent prognostic indicator. Furthermore, we found significant differences in immune cell infiltration between RS1 high and low expression groups, and the proteasome pathway was found enriched in RS1 low expression samples. Conclusion In conclusion, our study suggests that RS1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for LUAD. Differences in immune cell infiltration and signaling pathways may contribute to the poor prognosis of LUAD caused by low RS1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Hospital of HuanXing ChaoYang District Beijing Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Hospital of HuanXing ChaoYang District Beijing Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The 2nd Clinical School Tongji Meidical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Houschyar KS, Borrelli MR, Rein S, Tapking C, Popp D, Palackic A, Puladi B, Ooms M, Houschyar M, Branski LK, Schmitt L, Modabber A, Rübben A, Hölzle F, Yazdi AS. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a potential therapeutic target for the Wnt signaling pathway. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-022-01958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck region accounts for 3% of all tumors worldwide. The incidence is higher in men, with most carcinomas found in the oral cavity. At the point of initial diagnosis, distant metastases are rare. The Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in cell development and stemness and has been associated with SCC. Understanding precisely how Wnt signaling regulates SCC progression and how it can, therefore, be modulated for the therapeutic benefit has enormous potential in the treatment of head and neck SCC. In this review, we will describe the underlying mechanisms of Wnt signaling and outline how Wnt signaling controls cellular processes both in homeostasis and in the development and progression of SCC.Level of evidence: Not gradable.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen X, Wu G, Qing J, Li C, Chen X, Shen J. LINC00240 knockdown inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma progress by targeting miR-26a-5p. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24424. [PMID: 35421264 PMCID: PMC9102631 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study intended to explore the regulatory functions of LINC00240 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods MiR‐26a‐5p inhibitor, mimic, and siLINC00240 were transfected into NPC cells. QRT‐PCR was employed to assess miR‐26a‐5p and LINC00240 expressions. The targeting relationship of LINC00240 and miR‐26a‐5p was analyzed through dual luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Cell counting kit‐8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay and in vitro angiogenesis assay were adopted for the evaluation of the effects of LINC00240 or miR‐26a‐5p and LINC00240 on NPC cells regarding cell proliferation, apoptosis and cycle, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. EZH2, cell cycle, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related protein expression was tested through Western blot. Results LINC00240 had a high expression in NPC tissues and cell lines. Silenced LINC00240 significantly suppressed the 5‐8F and HK1 cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis, but raised cell apoptosis, and cells were blocked in G0/G1 phase. MiR‐26a‐5p was a target of LINC00240. MiR‐26a‐5p upregulation suppressed the NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, N‐cadherin and EZH2 expression, while it elevated apoptosis and p21, p27 and E‐cadherin expressions, whereas miR‐26a‐5p downregulation performed conversely. LINC00240 knockdown partially offset the effects of miR‐26a‐5p downregulation on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and EZH2. Conclusion LINC00240 knockdown restrained cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis, while it advanced apoptosis via miR‐26a‐5p in NPC by EZH2 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Guixiang Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo Ximen Wangchun Community Health Service Center, Ningbo City, China
| | - Jing Qing
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hamdan A, Ewing A. Unravelling the tumour genome: the evolutionary and clinical impacts of structural variants in tumourigenesis. J Pathol 2022; 257:479-493. [PMID: 35355264 PMCID: PMC9321913 DOI: 10.1002/path.5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) represent a major source of aberration in tumour genomes. Given the diversity in the size and type of SVs present in tumours, the accurate detection and interpretation of SVs in tumours is challenging. New classes of complex structural events in tumours are discovered frequently, and the definitions of the genomic consequences of complex events are constantly being refined. Detailed analyses of short‐read whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data from large tumour cohorts facilitate the interrogation of SVs at orders of magnitude greater scale and depth. However, the inherent technical limitations of short‐read WGS prevent us from accurately detecting and investigating the impact of all the SVs present in tumours. The expanded use of long‐read WGS will be critical for improving the accuracy of SV detection, and in fully resolving complex SV events, both of which are crucial for determining the impact of SVs on tumour progression and clinical outcome. Despite the present limitations, we demonstrate that SVs play an important role in tumourigenesis. In particular, SVs contribute significantly to late‐stage tumour development and to intratumoural heterogeneity. The evolutionary trajectories of SVs represent a window into the clonal dynamics in tumours, a comprehensive understanding of which will be vital for influencing patient outcomes in the future. Recent findings have highlighted many clinical applications of SVs in cancer, from early detection to biomarkers for treatment response and prognosis. As the methods to detect and interpret SVs improve, elucidating the full breadth of the complex SV landscape and determining how these events modulate tumour evolution will improve our understanding of cancer biology and our ability to capitalise on the utility of SVs in the clinical management of cancer patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alhafidz Hamdan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ailith Ewing
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Song J, Fu Q, Liu G, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tao S, Liu R, Li Z. TULP3 silencing suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer via the PTEN/Akt/Snail pathway. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100551. [PMID: 35344762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubby-like protein 3 (TULP3) is a member of the tubby family, has been related to the development of nervous system by gene knockout researches. Nevertheless, the role of TULP3 in the gastric cancer is not clear. METHODS Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed for the quantitative detection of TULP3 expression in the gastric cancer and consecutive non-cancerous tissues, and gastric cancer cells. The roles of TULP3 in invasion, migration as well as proliferation of the gastric cancer cell in vivo and in vitro through utilizing colony formation, MTT, wound-healing, transwell and mouse xenograft model. Western blotting assay was implemented in order to clarify the potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, electron microscopy and western blot were evaluated TULP3 expression in gastric cancer patient extracted serum exosomes. RESULTS TULP3 expression levels were remarkably upregulated in the gastric cancer tissues and cells. Subsequent functional assays demonstrated that TULP3 downregulation suppressed invasion, migration as well as the proliferation of the gastric cancer cell. Mechanism assays depicted that the PTEN/Akt/Snail signaling pathway can inhibit invasion, migration as well as the proliferation of the gastric cancer cell via TULP3 silencing. Finally, we found that the expression of TULP3 could be determined in the extracted serum exosomes. The expression of TULP3 in gastric cancer group was higher in comparison with normal group. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TULP3 might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Qingsheng Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Chengxiong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Nuclear medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Shaoneng Tao
- Department of Nuclear medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Houschyar KS, Borrelli MR, Rein S, Tapking C, Popp D, Puladi B, Ooms M, Schulz T, Maan ZN, Branski LK, Siemers F, Philipp-Dormston WG, Yazdi AS, Duscher D. Wnt ligand expression in malignant melanoma: new insights. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-022-01941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Khaddour K, Maahs L, Avila-Rodriguez AM, Maamar Y, Samaan S, Ansstas G. Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond BRAF-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5847. [PMID: 34831002 PMCID: PMC8616477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas exhibit the highest rate of somatic mutations among all different types of cancers (with the exception of BCC and SCC). The accumulation of a multimode of mutations in the driver oncogenes are responsible for the proliferative, invasive, and aggressive nature of melanomas. High-resolution and high-throughput technology has led to the identification of distinct mutational signatures and their downstream alterations in several key pathways that contribute to melanomagenesis. This has enabled the development of individualized treatments by targeting specific molecular alterations that are vital for cancer cell survival, which has resulted in improved outcomes in several cancers, including melanomas. To date, BRAF and MEK inhibitors remain the only approved targeted therapy with a high level of evidence in BRAFV600E/K mutant melanomas. The lack of approved precision drugs in melanomas, relative to other cancers, despite harboring one of the highest rates of somatic mutations, advocates for further research to unveil effective therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss potential druggable mutations and the ongoing research of novel individualized treatment approaches targeting non-BRAF mutations in melanomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karam Khaddour
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.M.); (A.M.A.-R.)
| | - Lucas Maahs
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.M.); (A.M.A.-R.)
| | - Ana Maria Avila-Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.M.); (A.M.A.-R.)
| | - Yazan Maamar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tishreen Lattakia, Lattakia 2217, Syria;
| | - Sami Samaan
- Department of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - George Ansstas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Exploring liver cancer biology through functional genetic screens. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:690-704. [PMID: 34163045 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, liver cancer poses a major threat to human health. Although a growing number of therapies have been approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in the past few years, most of them only provide a limited survival benefit. Therefore, an urgent need exists to identify novel targetable vulnerabilities and powerful drug combinations for the treatment of liver cancer. The advent of functional genetic screening has contributed to the advancement of liver cancer biology, uncovering many novel genes involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression in a high-throughput manner. In addition, this unbiased screening platform also provides an efficient tool for the exploration of the mechanisms involved in therapy resistance as well as identifying potential targets for therapy. In this Review, we describe how functional screens can help to deepen our understanding of liver cancer and guide the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang H, Qin C, An C, Zheng X, Wen S, Chen W, Liu X, Lv Z, Yang P, Xu W, Gao W, Wu Y. Application of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing technique in basic research, diagnosis, and therapy of cancer. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:126. [PMID: 34598686 PMCID: PMC8484294 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for the development of the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing technology that provided new tools for precise gene editing. It is possible to target any genomic locus virtually using only a complex nuclease protein with short RNA as a site-specific endonuclease. Since cancer is caused by genomic changes in tumor cells, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used in the field of cancer research to edit genomes for exploration of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been increasingly used in cancer research and treatment and remarkable results have been achieved. In this review, we introduced the mechanism and development of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing system. Furthermore, we summarized current applications of this technique for basic research, diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Moreover, the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in new emerging hotspots of oncology research were discussed, and the challenges and future directions were highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunhong Qin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Changming An
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiwang Zheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.,General Hospital, Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxin Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Xianfang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghua Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China. .,General Hospital, Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Cell biology and Genetics, Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China. .,General Hospital, Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wirawan A, Tajima K, Takahashi F, Mitsuishi Y, Winardi W, Hidayat M, Hayakawa D, Matsumoto N, Izumi K, Asao T, Ko R, Shimada N, Takamochi K, Suzuki K, Abe M, Hino O, Sekido Y, Takahashi K. A Novel Therapeutic Strategy Targeting the Mesenchymal Phenotype of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma By Suppressing LSD1. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:127-138. [PMID: 34593606 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumor that has a low overall survival; however, no significant treatment advances have been made in the past 15 years. Large-scale molecular studies have identified a poor prognostic subset of MPM linked to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that may contribute toward resistance to chemotherapy, suggesting that EMT could be targeted to treat patients with MPM. Previously, we reported that histone modifiers regulating EMT could be therapeutic targets; therefore, in this study, we investigated whether targeting lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1), a histone-modifying enzyme responsible for demethylating histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 9, could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for MPM. We suppressed LSD1 and investigated the EMT phenotype using EMT marker expression and wound-healing assay; and chemosensitivity using apoptosis assay. We found that suppressing LSD1 induces an epithelial phenotype in sarcomatoid MPM cells, while attenuating the mesenchymal phenotype sensitized MPM cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Subsequent genome-wide identification, comprehensive microarray analysis, and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) to assess genome-wide changes in chromatin accessibility suggested that LSD1 directly regulates milk fat globulin protein E8 (MFGE8), an integrin ligand that is involved in the FAK pathway. Furthermore, we found that LSD1 regulates the mesenchymal phenotype and apoptosis by activating the FAK-AKT-GSK3β pathway via a positive feedback loop involving MFGE8 and Snail expression, thereby leading to cisplatin resistance. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that LSD1 regulates the mesenchymal phenotype and apoptosis, and that LSD1 inhibitors could be combined with the cisplatin as a novel therapy for patients with MPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Wirawan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Tajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Mitsuishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wira Winardi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moulid Hidayat
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayakawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Izumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Asao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ko
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Shimada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takamochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Abe
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu J, Huang B, He HB, Lu WZ, Wang WG, Liu H. Two naturally derived small molecules disrupt the sineoculis homeobox homolog 1-eyes absent homolog 1 (SIX1-EYA1) interaction to inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:2340-2352. [PMID: 34561318 PMCID: PMC8509980 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that the sineoculis homeobox homolog 1-eyes absent homolog 1 (SIX1-EYA1) transcriptional complex significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple cancers by mediating the expression of genes involved in different biological processes, such as cell-cycle progression and metastasis. However, the roles of the SIX1-EYA1 transcriptional complex and its targets in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still being investigated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of SIX1-EYA1 in the pathogenesis of CRC, to screen inhibitors disrupting the SIX1-EYA1 interaction and to evaluate the efficiency of small molecules in the inhibition of CRC cell growth. METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to examine gene and protein levels in CRC cells and clinical tissues (collected from CRC patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, between 2016 and 2018, n = 24). In vivo immunoprecipitation and in vitro pulldown assays were carried out to determine SIX1-EYA1 interaction. Cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell invasion were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, clonogenic assay, and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. The Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay Screen (AlphaScreen) method was used to obtain small molecules that specifically disrupted SIX1-EYA1 interaction. CRC cells harboring different levels of SIX1/EYA1 were injected into nude mice to establish tumor xenografts, and small molecules were also injected into mice to evaluate their efficiency to inhibit tumor growth. RESULTS Both SIX1 and EYA1 were overexpressed in CRC cancerous tissues (for SIX1, 7.47 ± 3.54 vs.1.88 ± 0.35, t = 4.92, P = 0.008; for EYA1, 7.61 ± 2.03 vs. 2.22 ± 0.45, t = 6.73, P = 0.005). The SIX1/EYA1 complex could mediate the expression of two important genes including cyclin A1 (CCNA1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) by binding to the myocyte enhancer factor 3 consensus. Knockdown of both SIX1 and EYA1 could decrease cell proliferation, cell invasion, tumor growth, and in vivo tumor growth (all P < 0.01). Two small molecules, NSC0191 and NSC0933, were obtained using AlphaScreen and they could significantly inhibit the SIX1-EYA1 interaction with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.60 ± 1.15 μmol/L and 83.43 ± 7.24 μmol/L, respectively. Administration of these two compounds could significantly repress the expression of CCNA1 and TGFB1 and inhibit the growth of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of the SIX1/EYA1 complex transactivated the expression of CCNA1 and TGFB1, causing the pathogenesis of CRC. Pharmacological inhibition of the SIX1-EYA1 interaction with NSC0191 and NSC0933 significantly inhibited CRC cell growth by affecting cell-cycle progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hong-Bo He
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wei-Guo Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Offermann A, Kang D, Watermann C, Weingart A, Hupe MC, Saraji A, Stegmann-Frehse J, Kruper R, Schüle R, Pantel K, Taubert H, Duensing S, Culig Z, Aigner A, Klapper W, Jonigk D, Philipp Kühnel M, Merseburger AS, Kirfel J, Sailer V, Perner S. Manuscript Title: Analysis of tripartite motif (TRIM) family gene expression in prostate cancer bone metastases. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1475-1484. [PMID: 34487169 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are post-translational protein modifiers with E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, thereby involved in various biological processes. The molecular mechanisms driving prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis (BM) are incompletely understood, and targetable genetic alterations are lacking in the majority of cases. Therefore, we aimed to explore the expression and potential functional relevance of 71 TRIM members in bone metastatic PCa. We performed transcriptome analysis of all human TRIM family members and 770 cancer-related genes in 29 localized PCa and 30 PCa BM using Nanostring. KEGG, STRING and Ubibrowser were used for further bioinformatic gene correlation and pathway enrichment analyses. Compared to localized tumors, six TRIMs are under-expressed while nine TRIMs are over-expressed in BM. The differentially expressed TRIM proteins are linked to TNF-, TGFβ-, PI3K/AKT- and HIF-1-signaling, and to features such as proteoglycans, platelet activation, adhesion and ECM-interaction based on correlation to cancer-related genes. The identification of TRIM-specific E3-ligase-substrates revealed insight into functional connections to oncogenes, tumor suppressors and cancer-related pathways including androgen receptor- and TGFβ signaling, cell cycle regulation and splicing. In summary, this is the first study that comprehensively and systematically characterizes the expression of all TRIM members in PCa BM. Our results describe post-translational protein modification as an important regulatory mechanism of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and pathway molecules in PCa progression. Therefore, this study may provide evidence for novel therapeutic targets, in particular for the treatment or prevention of BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Offermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Duan Kang
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christian Watermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anika Weingart
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Marie C Hupe
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Alireza Saraji
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Janine Stegmann-Frehse
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Roland Schüle
- Klinik für Urologie und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Philipp Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Verena Sailer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang C, Guo Y, Qian R, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Huang X, Liu Z, Qin W, Wang C, Chen H, Ma X, Zhang D. Mapping the landscape of synthetic lethal interactions in liver cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:9038-9053. [PMID: 34522226 PMCID: PMC8419043 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all the current therapies against liver cancer are based on the "one size fits all" principle and offer only limited survival benefit. Fortunately, synthetic lethality (SL) may provide an alternate route towards individualized therapy in liver cancer. The concept that simultaneous losses of two genes are lethal to a cell while a single loss is non-lethal can be utilized to selectively eliminate tumors with genetic aberrations. Methods: To infer liver cancer-specific SL interactions, we propose a computational pipeline termed SiLi (statistical inference-based synthetic lethality identification) that incorporates five inference procedures. Based on large-scale sequencing datasets, SiLi analysis was performed to identify SL interactions in liver cancer. Results: By SiLi analysis, a total of 272 SL pairs were discerned, which included 209 unique target candidates. Among these, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) was considered to have considerable therapeutic potential. Further computational and experimental validation of the SL pair TP53-PLK1 demonstrated that inhibition of PLK1 could be a novel therapeutic strategy specifically targeting those patients with TP53-mutant liver tumors. Conclusions: In this study, we report a comprehensive analysis of synthetic lethal interactions of liver cancer. Our findings may open new possibilities for patient-tailored therapeutic interventions in liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruolan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ureshino H, Kurahashi Y, Watanabe T, Yamashita S, Kamachi K, Yamamoto Y, Fukuda-Kurahashi Y, Yoshida-Sakai N, Hattori N, Hayashi Y, Kawaguchi A, Tohyama K, Okada S, Harada H, Ushijima T, Kimura S. Silylation of Deoxynucleotide Analog Yields an Orally Available Drug with Antileukemia Effects. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1412-1421. [PMID: 34045225 PMCID: PMC9398096 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have improved the prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, because these agents are easily degraded by cytidine deaminase (CDA), they must be administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Recently, two orally bioavailable DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, CC-486 and ASTX727, were approved. In previous work, we developed 5-O-trialkylsilylated decitabines that resist degradation by CDA. However, the effects of silylation of a deoxynucleotide analog and enzymatic cleavage of silylation have not been fully elucidated. Enteric administration of OR21 in a cynomolgus monkey model led to high plasma concentrations and hypomethylation, and in a mouse model, oral administration of enteric-coated OR21 led to high plasma concentrations. The drug became biologically active after release of decitabine (DAC) from OR21 following removal of the 5'-O-trisilylate substituent. Toxicities were tolerable and lower than those of DAC. Transcriptome and methylome analysis of MDS and AML cell lines revealed that OR21 increased expression of genes associated with tumor suppression, cell differentiation, and immune system processes by altering regional promoter methylation, indicating that these pathways play pivotal roles in the action of hypomethylating agents. OR21 induced cell differentiation via upregulation of the late cell differentiation drivers CEBPE and GATA-1 Thus, silylation of a deoxynucleotide analog can confer oral bioavailability without new toxicities. Both in vivo and in vitro, OR21 exerted antileukemia effects, and had a better safety profile than DAC. Together, our findings indicate that OR21 is a promising candidate drug for phase I study as an alternative to azacitidine or decitabine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ureshino
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurahashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Watanabe
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Kamachi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukuda-Kurahashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Nao Yoshida-Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tohyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Corresponding Author: Shinya Kimura, Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University School of Medicine, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan. Phone: 81-952-34-2366; Fax: 81-952-34-2017; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu J, Geng X, Hou J, Wu G. New insights into M1/M2 macrophages: key modulators in cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:389. [PMID: 34289846 PMCID: PMC8296555 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of macrophages in and around tumor nest represents one of the most crucial hallmarks during tumor progression. The mutual interactions with tumor cells and stromal microenvironment contribute to phenotypically polarization of tumor associated macrophages. Macrophages consist of at least two subgroups, M1 and M2. M1 phenotype macrophages are tumor-resistant due to intrinsic phagocytosis and enhanced antitumor inflammatory reactions. Contrastingly, M2 are endowed with a repertoire of tumor-promoting capabilities involving immuno-suppression, angiogenesis and neovascularization, as well as stromal activation and remodeling. The functional signature of M2 incorporates location-related, mutually connected, and cascade-like reactions, thereby accelerating paces of tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. In this review, mechanisms underlying the distinct functional characterization of M1 and M2 macrophages are demonstrated to make sense of M1 and M2 as key regulators during cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiafei Geng
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxuan Hou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sun J, Wang J, Zheng D, Hu X. Advances in therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 19:164-174. [PMID: 31769791 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is one of the most versatile and efficient gene editing technologies, which is derived from adaptive immune strategies for bacteria and archaea. With the remarkable development of programmable nuclease-based genome engineering these years, CRISPR-Cas9 system has developed quickly in recent 5 years and has been widely applied in countless areas, including genome editing, gene function investigation and gene therapy both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 tool in genome editing. More importantly, we review the recent therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9 in various diseases, including hematologic diseases, infectious diseases and malignant tumor. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and consider thoughtfully what advances are required in order to further develop the therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9 in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sun
- Sparkfire Scientific Research Group, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jianchu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 18 Zhongshan Road, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Donghui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gao L, Wu ZX, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Wang L. Overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance via restoration of tumor suppressor gene function. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 57:100770. [PMID: 34175687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs cisplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as well as targeted drugs including imatinib, erlotinib, and nivolumab, play key roles in clinical cancer treatment. However, the frequent emergence of drug resistance severely comprosises their anti-cancer efficacy. A number of studies indicated that loss of function of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is involved in the development of cancer drug resistance, apart from decreased drug influx, increased drug efflux, induction of anti-apoptosis mechanisms, alterations in tumor microenvironment, drug compartmentalization, enhanced DNA repair and drug inactivation. TSGs are involved in the pathogenesis of tumor formation through regulation of DNA damage repair, cell apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and signal transduction. Our increased understanding of TSGs in the past decades demonstrates that gene mutation is not the only reason that leads to the inactivation of TSGs. Loss of function of TSGs may be based on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, epigenetic and transcriptional regualtion, post-translation modifications like phosphorylation as well as cellular translocation of TSGs. As the above processes can constitute"druggable targets", these mechanisms provide novel therapeutic approaches in targeting TSGs. Some small molecule compounds targeting these approaches re-activated TSGs and reversed cancer drug resistance. Along this vein, functional restoration of TSGs is a novel and promising approach to surmount cancer drug resistance. In the current review, we draw a scenario based on the role of loss of function of TSGs in drug resistance, on mechanisms leading to inactivation of TSGs and on pharmacological agents acting on these mechanisms to overcome cancer drug resistance. This review discusses novel therapeutic strategies targeting TSGs and offers possible modalities to conquer cancer drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
MicroRNA Sequences Modulated by Beta Cell Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060534. [PMID: 34203703 PMCID: PMC8232095 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism within beta cells and islets contributes to dysfunction and apoptosis of beta cells, leading to loss of insulin secretion and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Over the last decade, there has been an explosion of interest in understanding the landscape of gene expression which influences beta cell function, including the importance of small non-coding microRNA sequences in this context. This review sought to identify the microRNA sequences regulated by metabolic challenges in beta cells and islets, their targets, highlight their function and assess their possible relevance as biomarkers of disease progression in diabetic individuals. Predictive analysis was used to explore networks of genes targeted by these microRNA sequences, which may offer new therapeutic strategies to protect beta cell function and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu M, Xia X, Hu J, Fowlkes NW, Li S. WSX1 act as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating neoplastic PD-L1 expression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3500. [PMID: 34108491 PMCID: PMC8190270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WSX1, a receptor subunit for IL-27, is widely expressed in immune cells and closely involved in immune response, but its function in nonimmune cells remains unknown. Here we report that WSX1 is highly expressed in human hepatocytes but downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Using NRAS/AKT-derived spontaneous HCC mouse models, we reveal an IL-27–independent tumor-suppressive effect of WSX1 that largely relies on CD8+ T-cell immune surveillance via reducing neoplastic PD-L1 expression and the associated CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. Mechanistically, WSX1 transcriptionally downregulates an isoform of PI3K—PI3Kδ and thereby inactivates AKT, reducing AKT-induced GSK3β inhibition. Activated GSK3β then boosts PD-L1 degradation, resulting in PD-L1 reduction. Overall, we demonstrate that WSX1 is a tumor suppressor that reinforces hepatic immune surveillance by blocking the PI3Kδ/AKT/GSK3β/PD-L1 pathway. Our results may yield insights into the host homeostatic control of immune response and benefit the development of cancer immunotherapies. The biological functions of WSX1, the alpha subunit of the interleukin-27 receptor, in non-immune cells are largely unknown. Here, the authors propose an IL-27-independent tumor suppressor role for WSX1 in hepatocytes, showing that WSX1 restricts tumor progression by down-regulating PD-L1 expression in tumour cells and maximizing T cell mediated antitumor immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiemiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Natalie Wall Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nidhi S, Anand U, Oleksak P, Tripathi P, Lal JA, Thomas G, Kuca K, Tripathi V. Novel CRISPR-Cas Systems: An Updated Review of the Current Achievements, Applications, and Future Research Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3327. [PMID: 33805113 PMCID: PMC8036902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to Darwin's theory, endless evolution leads to a revolution. One such example is the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system, an adaptive immunity system in most archaea and many bacteria. Gene editing technology possesses a crucial potential to dramatically impact miscellaneous areas of life, and CRISPR-Cas represents the most suitable strategy. The system has ignited a revolution in the field of genetic engineering. The ease, precision, affordability of this system is akin to a Midas touch for researchers editing genomes. Undoubtedly, the applications of this system are endless. The CRISPR-Cas system is extensively employed in the treatment of infectious and genetic diseases, in metabolic disorders, in curing cancer, in developing sustainable methods for fuel production and chemicals, in improving the quality and quantity of food crops, and thus in catering to global food demands. Future applications of CRISPR-Cas will provide benefits for everyone and will save countless lives. The technology is evolving rapidly; therefore, an overview of continuous improvement is important. In this review, we aim to elucidate the current state of the CRISPR-Cas revolution in a tailor-made format from its discovery to exciting breakthroughs at the application level and further upcoming trends related to opportunities and challenges including ethical concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Nidhi
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Aix-Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Pooja Tripathi
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Jonathan A. Lal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India; (J.A.L.); (G.T.)
| | - George Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India; (J.A.L.); (G.T.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India; (J.A.L.); (G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ravera M, Gabano E, Zanellato I, Rangone B, Perin E, Ferrari B, Bottone MG, Osella D. Cis,cis,trans-[Pt IVCl 2(NH 3) 2(perillato) 2], a dual-action prodrug with excellent cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3161-3177. [PMID: 33595015 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two Pt(iv) conjugates containing one or two molecules of perillic acid (4-isopropenylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid), an active metabolite of limonene, were synthesized both with traditional and microwave-assisted methods and characterized. Their antiproliferative activity was tested on a panel of human tumor cell lines. In particular, cis,cis,trans-[PtIVCl2(NH3)2(perillato)2] exhibited excellent antiproliferative and antimetastatic activity on A-549 lung tumor cells at nanomolar concentrations. A number of in vitro biological tests were performed to decipher some aspects of its mechanism of action, including transwell migration and invasion as well as wound healing assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang S, Du M, Zhang J, Xu W, Yuan Q, Li M, Wang J, Zhu H, Wang Y, Wang C, Gong Y, Wang X, Hu Z, Christiani DC, Xu L, Shen H, Yin R. Tumor evolutionary trajectories during the acquisition of invasiveness in early stage lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6083. [PMID: 33247113 PMCID: PMC7695730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary trajectories of early lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that genomic analysis between pre-invasive and invasive components will facilitate the description of LUAD evolutionary patterns. We micro-dissect malignant pulmonary nodules (MPNs) into paired pre-invasive and invasive components for panel-genomic sequencing and recognize three evolutionary trajectories. Evolutionary mode 1 (EM1) demonstrates none of the common driver events between paired components, but another two modes, EM2A and EM2B, exhibit critical private alterations restricted to pre-invasive and invasive components, respectively. When ancestral clones harbor EGFR mutations, truncal mutation abundance significantly decrease after the acquisition of invasiveness, which may be associated with the intratumoral accumulation of infiltrated B cells. Harboring EGFR mutations is critical to the selective pressure and further impacts the prognosis. Our findings extend the understanding of evolutionary trajectories during invasiveness acquisition in early LUAD. Invasive early stage lung adenocarcinoma has a heterogeneous prognosis. Here, the authors microdissect malignant pulmonary nodules to invasive and preinvasive components and study the mutations that are common or private between the lesions, allowing them to understand the evolutionary path of the tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211116, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weizhang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qianyu Yuan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Biobank of Lung Cancer, Jiangsu Biobank of Clinical Resources, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211116, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211116, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Gong
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, 102206, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Geneseeq-Nanjing Technology Inc., 210032, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211116, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 211116, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 211116, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China. .,Department of Science and Technology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China. .,Biobank of Lung Cancer, Jiangsu Biobank of Clinical Resources, 21009, Nanjing, P.R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 211116, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu M, Liu H, Zhou J, Yu Z. miR‑140‑5p inhibits the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells by targeting VEGFA. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:53. [PMID: 33200797 PMCID: PMC7706004 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-140-5p is associated with the growth and metastasis of various tumor cell types, yet its role in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of miR-140-5p on MM. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that miR-140-5p was downregulated in MM cell lines, particularly in U266 and RPMI 8226 cells. A Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and Transwell assays, as well as flow cytometry indicated that a miR-140-5p mimic could suppress cell viability, migration and invasion. In addition, the mimic promoted apoptosis of U266 and RPMI 8226 cells. Western blot data demonstrated that transfection with miR-140-5p mimic significantly reduced the expression levels of Ki-67, cyclin D1, vimentin, Snail, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-3. Moreover, as predicted by TargetScan7.2 and verified by luciferase activity assay, it was demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was targeted by miR-140-5p. Further experiments indicated that VEGFA overexpression promoted cell viability, migration and invasion and suppressed apoptosis of MM cells, and that the miR-140-5p mimic partially reversed the effects of VEGFA overexpression. Therefore, miR-140-5p suppressed MM progression by targeting VEGFA. The present findings provide insight into potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, P.R. China
| | - Zhuojun Yu
- Department of Hematology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|