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Torasawa M, Shukuya T, Uemura K, Hayashi T, Ueno T, Kohsaka S, Masui Y, Shirai Y, Okura M, Asao T, Mitsuishi Y, Shimada N, Takahashi F, Takamochi K, Suzuki K, Takahashi K, Seyama K. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis as a potent lung cancer risk factor: Insights from a Japanese large cohort study. Respirology 2024. [PMID: 38654512 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare neoplastic disease associated with the functional tumour suppressor genes TSC1 and TSC2 and causes structural destruction in the lungs, which could potentially increase the risk of lung cancer. However, this relationship remains unclear because of the rarity of the disease. METHODS We investigated the relative risk of developing lung cancer among patients diagnosed with LAM between 2001 and 2022 at a single high-volume centre in Japan, using data from the Japanese Cancer Registry as the reference population. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in cases where tumour samples were available. RESULTS Among 642 patients diagnosed with LAM (sporadic LAM, n = 557; tuberous sclerosis complex-LAM, n = 80; unclassified, n = 5), 13 (2.2%) were diagnosed with lung cancer during a median follow-up period of 5.13 years. All patients were female, 61.5% were never smokers, and the median age at lung cancer diagnosis was 53 years. Eight patients developed lung cancer after LAM diagnosis. The estimated incidence of lung cancer was 301.4 cases per 100,000 person-years, and the standardized incidence ratio was 13.6 (95% confidence interval, 6.2-21.0; p = 0.0008). Actionable genetic alterations were identified in 38.5% of the patients (EGFR: 3, ALK: 1 and ERBB2: 1). No findings suggested loss of TSC gene function in the two patients analysed by NGS. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that patients diagnosed with LAM had a significantly increased risk of lung cancer. Further research is warranted to clarify the carcinogenesis of lung cancer in patients with LAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Torasawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehito Shukuya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Uemura
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ueno
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kohsaka
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Masui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukina Shirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Okura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Asao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Mitsuishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Shimada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takamochi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Seyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ennis H, McDonald DM. A widely used pan-isoform-FBXW7 antibody used in cell cycle studies does not detect FBXW7. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1380-1390. [PMID: 37183425 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2210044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXW7 is the substrate recognition component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFFBW7 complex which controls the levels of CYCLINE, c-MYC and HIF1α proteins crucial for cell growth and differentiation. Mutations in FBXW7 are frequently associated with tumourigenesis. While examining FBXW7 regulation we were compelled to reevaluate a commonly used anti-FBXW7 antibody. Retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMEC) were exposed to normoxia (21% oxygen) or hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 24 h or treated with MG132 and protein extracted for western blotting. Flag-tagged FBXW7-α, β or γ isoforms were transfected into HEK293A cells and processed using denaturing and native extraction protocols for western blotting or immunoprecipitation analysis. Two anti-FBXW7 antibodies were used, one raised to the unique FBXW7α N-terminus and the other to the C-terminus region common to all isoforms. Initial studies showed that the pan-isoform C-terminus antibody detected a single 64kDa band in RMEC rather than any of the predicted sizes for FBXW7. In contrast, expression of the isoform-specific constructs, detected with an anti-Flag antibody, confirmed the expected migratory distance of 110kDa, 68kDa and 65kDa for α, β and γ respectfully. Similarly, the N-terminus FBXW7α antibody also detected the 110kDa product. Notably, the C-terminus antibody did not recognize any of the isoforms but continued to detect a 64kDa band in all samples, including the non-transfected controls. Immunoprecipitation confirmed this lack of specificity and the inability to detect overexpressed or endogenous FBXW7α in HEK293A cells and RMEC. A commonly used C-terminus FBXW7 antibody does not detect FBXW7 under standard western blotting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ennis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Denise M McDonald
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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3
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Wu H, Zhong W, Zhang R, Ding Y, Qu C, Lai K, Pang Z, Yin S, Zhang G, Chen S. G-quadruplex-enhanced circular single-stranded DNA (G4-CSSD) adsorption of miRNA to inhibit colon cancer progression. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9774-9787. [PMID: 36855796 PMCID: PMC10166891 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal heterogeneity leads to the abnormal expression and mutation of tumor-specific genes. Drugs targeting oncogenes have been extensively developed. However, given the random mutation of tumor suppressor genes, the development of its targeted drugs is difficult. METHODS Our early research revealed that artificial circular single-stranded DNA (CSSD) can restore multiple tumor suppressor genes to inhibit tumor malignant progression by adsorbing miRNA. Here, we improved CSSD to a fully closed single-stranded DNA with G quadruplex DNA secondary structure (G4-CSSD), which made G4-CSSD with higher acquisition rate and decreased degradation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas database were used to predict tumour suppressor genes in colon cancer. Cellular and animal experiments were performed to validate the role of G4-CSSD in cancer cell progression. RESULTS In colon cancer, we observed the simultaneous low expressions of chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1), UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6 (B3GNT6) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A3 (UGT2A3), which indicated an favourable prognosis. After repressing miR-590-3p with G4-CSSD590, the upregulation of CLCA1, B3GNT6 and UGT2A3 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study may provide basis for new treatment methods for colon cancer by restoration of tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuping Ding
- Gastroenterology Department of Medical Center of CAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhua Qu
- Department of outpatient and emergency, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Keguan Lai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Yin
- OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guangling Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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4
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Lai YC, Lu MY, Wang WC, Hou TC, Kuo CY. Correlations between histological characterizations and methylation statuses of tumour suppressor genes in Wilms' tumours. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:121-128. [PMID: 35436013 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumour is a solid tumour that frequently occurs in children. Genetic changes in WT1 and epigenetic aberrations that affect imprinted control region 1 in WT2 loci are implicated in its aetiology. Moreover, tumour suppressor genes are frequently silenced by methylation in this tumour. In the present study, we analysed the methylation statuses of promoter regions of 24 tumour suppressor genes using a methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA)-based approach in 6 Wilms' tumours. Methylation of RASSF1 was specific to all 6 Wilms' tumours and was not observed in normal tissues. Moreover, methylated HIC1 was identified in stromal-type Wilms' tumours and methylated BRCA1 was identified in epithelial-type Wilms' tumours. Unmethylated CASP8, RARB, MLH1_167, APC and CDKN2A were found only in blastemal predominant-type Wilms' tumour. Our results indicated that methylation of RASSF1 may be a vital event in the tumorigenesis of Wilms' tumour, which informs its clinical and therapeutic management. In addition, mixed-type Wilms' tumours may be classified according to epithelial, stromal and blastemal components via MS-MLPA-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chein Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Cheng Hou
- Department of Pathology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yun Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Wu Y, Wang X, Lu Y, Wang H, Wang M, You Y, Su X, Sun D, Sun Y, Li Y. INPP4B exerts a dual role in gastric cancer progression and prognosis. J Cancer 2021; 12:7201-7213. [PMID: 34729121 PMCID: PMC8558642 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B) negatively regulates PI3K-Akt signalling and plays diverse roles in different types of cancer, but its role in gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the function and clinical relevance of INPP4B in GC. INPP4B expression was detected in GC tissues and nontumour tissues. The effect of INPP4B on the phenotypic changes of AGS and BGC-823 cells was investigated in vitro. The activation of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 3 (SGK3) and AKT were used to evaluate the specific mechanistic function of INPP4B in GC cells. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels of INPP4B were decreased in GC tissues compared with nontumour tissues. INPP4B expression was associated with tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and histopathological differentiation. In addition, high INPP4B expression in GC patients with large tumour size/low-undifferentiated/TNM's III-IV stage was correlated with a poor prognosis but it was correlated with a better prognosis in patients with small tumour size/high-moderate differentiated/TNM's I-II stage patients. In addition, INPP4B knockdown inhibited proliferation, clonal formation and migration and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro, while INPP4B overexpression led to the opposite effects. Mechanistically, we found that INPP4B overexpression enhanced the phosphorylation of SGK3 (p-SGK3) in AGS cells, whereas INPP4B knockdown enhanced the p-Akt level in BGC823 cells. These findings suggested that the expression of INPP4B in GC is lower than that in normal tissues. Based on stratification survival analysis and in vitro cell experiments, INPP4B may play dual roles as an oncogene and tumour suppressor gene in different tissue grades and clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yida Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexiang You
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Endoscopy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengqun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei 230041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei 230041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
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6
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Mustonen V, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Kursula P, Ruskamo S. Crystal and solution structure of NDRG1, a membrane-binding protein linked to myelination and tumour suppression. FEBS J 2021; 288:3507-3529. [PMID: 33305529 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a tumour suppressor involved in vesicular trafficking and stress response. NDRG1 participates in peripheral nerve myelination, and mutations in the NDRG1 gene lead to Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. The 43-kDa NDRG1 is considered as an inactive member of the α/β hydrolase superfamily. In addition to a central α/β hydrolase fold domain, NDRG1 consists of a short N terminus and a C-terminal region with three 10-residue repeats. We determined the crystal structure of the α/β hydrolase domain of human NDRG1 and characterised the structure and dynamics of full-length NDRG1. The structure of the α/β hydrolase domain resembles the canonical α/β hydrolase fold with a central β sheet surrounded by α helices. Small-angle X-ray scattering and CD spectroscopy indicated a variable conformation for the N- and C-terminal regions. NDRG1 binds to various types of lipid vesicles, and the conformation of the C-terminal region is modulated upon lipid interaction. Intriguingly, NDRG1 interacts with metal ions, such as nickel, but is prone to aggregation in their presence. Our results uncover the structural and dynamic features of NDRG1, as well as elucidate its interactions with metals and lipids, and encourage studies to identify a putative hydrolase activity of NDRG1. DATABASES: The coordinates and structure factors for the crystal structure of human NDRG1 were deposited to PDB (PDB ID: 6ZMM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Venla Mustonen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
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Mohamad A, Hassan R, Husin A, Johan MF, Sulong S. Aberrant Methylation of Tumour Suppressor Gene ADAM12 in Chronic Lympocytic Leukemia Patients: Application of Methylation Specific-PCR Technique. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:85-91. [PMID: 33507683 PMCID: PMC8184192 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a common leukemia among Caucasians but rare in Asians population. We postulated that aberrant methylation either hypermethylation or partial methylation might be one of the silencing mechanisms that inactivates the tumour suppressor genes in CLL. This study aimed to compare the methylation status of tumour suppressor gene, ADAM12, among CLL patients and normal individuals. We also evaluated the association between methylation of ADAM12 and clinical and demographic characteristics of the participants. Methods: A total of 25 CLL patients and 25 normal individuals were recruited in this study. The methylation status of ADAM12 was determined using Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP); whereas, DNA sequencing method was applied for validation of the MSP results. Results: Among CLL patients, 12 (48%) were partially methylated and 13 (52%) were unmethylated. Meanwhile, 5 (20%) and 20 (80.6%) of healthy individuals were partially methylated and unmethylated, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the status of methylation at ADAM12 and the presence of CLL (p=0.037). Conclusion: The aberrant methylation of ADAM12 found in this study using MSP assay may provide new exposure to CLL that may improve the gaps involved in genetic epigenetic study in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohamad
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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8
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Wujcicka W, Zajac A, Szyllo K, Smolarz B, Romanowicz H, Stachowiak G. Association of SNPs in CDKN2A (P14ARF) Tumour Suppressor Gene With Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women. In Vivo 2020; 34:943-951. [PMID: 32111808 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This research was aimed to evaluate the association between three selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CDKN2A (P14ARF) tumour suppressor gene and the incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) in postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 194 postmenopausal women; 144 with EC and 50 non-cancer controls. Genotypes in P14ARF rs3088440, rs3731217 and rs3731245 polymorphisms were assayed using PCR-RFLP and confirmed by sequencing. RESULTS Regarding the rs3088440 polymorphism, CT, and CT-TT genotypes, were more prevalent among EC patients than in controls (OR=5.55, p=0.023, OR=5.29, p=0.027; and OR=2.92, p=0.023, respectively). The T allele within rs3088440 was more prevalent in EC females than in controls (χ2=4.7, p=0.030). Considering rs3731217, TG and TG-GG genotypes were less prevalent among EC (OR=0.34, p=0.024 or p=0.023; and OR=0.38, p=0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in the CDKN2A gene are associated with EC in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Wujcicka
- Scientific Laboratory of the Center of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics and Screening, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland .,Department of Obstetrics, Perinatology and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zajac
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szyllo
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Smolarz
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics of the Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Romanowicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stachowiak
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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9
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Della-Fazia MA, Castelli M, Piobbico D, Pieroni S, Servillo G. The Ins and Outs of HOPS/TMUB1 in biology and pathology. FEBS J 2020; 288:2773-2783. [PMID: 32860479 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration represents an outstanding tool to study not only proliferation, but also other important processes such as inflammation, regenerative response or stem cell biology. Several novel genes have been identified as being involved in the proliferation of residual hepatocytes. One of them, HOPS/TMUB1, is proving to be a significant player in the control of proliferation, both contributing to genomic stability and as a partner of essential molecules. HOPS is an ubiquitin-like protein, shuttling from nucleus to cytoplasm, and it is engaged in a number of biological and physiopathological functions. HOPS overexpression in tumour cell lines strongly reduces proliferation, arresting cell cycle in G0 /G1 . HOPS is involved in centrosome assembly and maintenance, and its knockdown causes genomic instability. Moreover, a direct interaction of HOPS with nucleophosmin (NPM) and p19Arf has been established, resulting in proper control of p19Arf stability and localization. These data indicate that HOPS acts as a functional bridge in the interaction between NPM and p19Arf , providing new mechanistic insight into how NPM and p19Arf will oppose cell proliferation. HOPS exerts a control in p53 stability, directing p53 mitochondrial apoptosis and cytoplasmic localization. HOPS plays a direct role as novel post-translational modifier of p53, much like SUMO or NEDD. HOPS is overexpressed in a high number of human tumours in patients affected by large intestinal, CNS, liver and oesophageal tumours. This review highlights HOPS involvement in distinct cellular functions, establishing its role as a key player in cell biology and pathology in a broader context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danilo Piobbico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Pieroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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10
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Hu B, Lin JZ, Yang XB, Sang XT. The roles of mutated SWI/SNF complexes in the initiation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its regulatory effect on the immune system: A review. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12791. [PMID: 32162380 PMCID: PMC7162795 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy with a high global prevalence and a dismal prognosis. Studies are urgently needed to examine the molecular pathogenesis and biological characteristics of HCC. Chromatin remodelling, an integral component of the DNA damage response, protects against DNA damage‐induced genome instability and tumorigenesis by triggering the signalling events that activate the interconnected DNA repair pathways. The SWI/SNF complexes are one of the most extensively investigated adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodelling complexes, and mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF subunits are frequently observed in various human cancers, including HCC. The mutated SWI/SNF complex subunits exert dual functions by accelerating or inhibiting HCC initiation and progression. Furthermore, the abnormal SWI/SNF complexes influence the transcription of interferon‐stimulated genes, as well as the differentiation, activation and recruitment of several immune cell types. In addition, they exhibit synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of diverse tumour types. Therefore, understanding the mutations and deficiencies of the SMI/SNF complexes, together with the associated functional mechanisms, may provide a novel strategy to treat HCC through targeting the related genes or modulating the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Sundaram MK, Unni S, Somvanshi P, Bhardwaj T, Mandal RK, Hussain A, Haque S. Genistein Modulates Signaling Pathways and Targets Several Epigenetic Markers in HeLa Cells. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E955. [PMID: 31766427 PMCID: PMC6947182 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epigenetic changes are responsible for transcriptional alterations of signaling pathways and tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) contributing to carcinogenesis. This study was aimed to examine the effect of the phytochemical, genistein on various molecular targets in HeLa cells. METHODS Quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of various molecular targets. Biochemical assays were employed to study the epigenetic enzymes. To correlate the transcriptional status of the selected TSGs and epigenetic modulation, their promoter 5'CpG methylation levels were evaluated by quantitative methylation array followed by methylation specific restriction digestion. RESULTS The expression of several genes involved in the cell cycle regulation, migration, inflammation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen activated kinase-like protein (MAPK) pathway were found to be modulated including CCNB1, TWIST1, MMP14, TERT, AKT1, PTPRR, FOS and IL1A. Genistein modulated the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), demethylases, and histone phosphorylases. Furthermore, genistein decreased the activity of DNMTs, HDACs, and HMTs and reduced global DNA methylation levels. Promoter methylation of several TSGs, including FHIT, RUNX3, CDH1, PTEN, and SOC51, was lowered with corresponding transcriptional increase. Network analysis indicated similar effect of genistein. CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive mechanism of action of genistein showcasing effective epigenetic modulation and widespread transcriptional changes resulting in restoration of tumour suppressor gene expression. This study corroborates the development of genistein as a candidate for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreepoorna Unni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 19282 Dubai, UAE;
| | - Pallavi Somvanshi
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070, India; (P.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Tulika Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070, India; (P.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Raju K. Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, P.O. Box 345050 Dubai, UAE;
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia;
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12
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Balasubramaniam SD, Balakrishnan V, Oon CE, Kaur G. Key Molecular Events in Cervical Cancer Development. Medicina (Kaunas) 2019; 55:E384. [PMID: 31319555 PMCID: PMC6681523 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main aetiology for the development of cervical cancer. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the integration of the HPV genome into the host chromosome of cervical epithelial cells are key early events in the neoplastic progression of cervical lesions. The viral oncoproteins, mainly E6 and E7, are responsible for the initial changes in epithelial cells. The viral proteins inactivate two main tumour suppressor proteins, p53, and retinoblastoma (pRb). Inactivation of these host proteins disrupts both the DNA repair mechanisms and apoptosis, leading to rapid cell proliferation. Multiple genes involved in DNA repair, cell proliferation, growth factor activity, angiogenesis, as well as mitogenesis genes become highly expressed in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer. This genomic instability encourages HPV-infected cells to progress towards invasive carcinoma. The key molecular events involved in cervical carcinogenesis will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chern Ein Oon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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13
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Zhuo C, Wang D, Zhou C, Chen C, Li J, Tian H, Li S, Ji F, Liu C, Chen M, Zhang L. Double-Edged Sword of Tumour Suppressor Genes in Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:1. [PMID: 30809121 PMCID: PMC6379290 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder with polygenetic pathogenesis. Among the many identified candidate genes and loci, the group of tumour suppressor genes has drawn our interest. In this mini-review article, we describe evidence of a correlation between major tumour suppressor genes and SCZ development. Genetic mutations ranging from single nucleotide polymorphisms to large structural alterations have been found in tumour-related genes in patients with SCZ. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation/acetylation and microRNA regulation of tumour suppressor genes, have also been implicated in SCZ. Beyond genetic correlations, we hope to establish causal relationships between tumour suppressor gene function and SCZ risk. Accumulating evidence shows that tumour suppressor genes may mediate cell survival and neural development, both of which contribute to SCZ aetiology. Moreover, converging intracellular signalling pathways indicate a role of tumour suppressor genes in SCZ pathogenesis. Tumour suppressor gene function may mediate a direct link between neural development and function and psychiatric disorders, including SCZ. A deeper understanding of how neural cell development is affected by tumour suppressors may lead to improved anti-psychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Psychiatric Genetic Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Neuroimaging Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Li
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Anding Hospital, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Psychiatric Genetic Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Psychiatric Genetic Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Min Chen
- Psychiatric Genetic Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Li Zhang
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Bailey CG, Metierre C, Feng Y, Baidya K, Filippova GN, Loukinov DI, Lobanenkov VV, Semaan C, Rasko JE. CTCF Expression is Essential for Somatic Cell Viability and Protection Against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123832. [PMID: 30513694 PMCID: PMC6321389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a conserved transcription factor that performs diverse roles in transcriptional regulation and chromatin architecture. Cancer genome sequencing reveals diverse acquired mutations in CTCF, which we have shown functions as a tumour suppressor gene. While CTCF is essential for embryonic development, little is known of its absolute requirement in somatic cells and the consequences of CTCF haploinsufficiency. We examined the consequences of CTCF depletion in immortalised human and mouse cells using shRNA knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing as well as examined the growth and development of heterozygous Ctcf (Ctcf+/-) mice. We also analysed the impact of CTCF haploinsufficiency by examining gene expression changes in CTCF-altered endometrial carcinoma. Knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of CTCF reduced the cellular growth and colony-forming ability of K562 cells. CTCF knockdown also induced cell cycle arrest and a pro-survival response to apoptotic insult. However, in p53 shRNA-immortalised Ctcf+/- MEFs we observed the opposite: increased cellular proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, and decreased survival after apoptotic insult compared to wild-type MEFs. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting in Ctcf+/- MEFs revealed a predominance of in-frame microdeletions in Ctcf in surviving clones, however protein expression could not be ablated. Examination of CTCF mutations in endometrial cancers showed locus-specific alterations in gene expression due to CTCF haploinsufficiency, in concert with downregulation of tumour suppressor genes and upregulation of estrogen-responsive genes. Depletion of CTCF expression imparts a dramatic negative effect on normal cell function. However, CTCF haploinsufficiency can have growth-promoting effects consistent with known cancer hallmarks in the presence of additional genetic hits. Our results confirm the absolute requirement for CTCF expression in somatic cells and provide definitive evidence of CTCF's role as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor gene. CTCF genetic alterations in endometrial cancer indicate that gene dysregulation is a likely consequence of CTCF loss, contributing to, but not solely driving cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Bailey
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia.
| | - Cynthia Metierre
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia.
| | - Yue Feng
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia.
| | - Kinsha Baidya
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Dmitri I Loukinov
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Molecular Pathology Section, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, 20852-8152 Rockville, USA.
| | - Victor V Lobanenkov
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Molecular Pathology Section, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, 20852-8152 Rockville, USA.
| | - Crystal Semaan
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia.
| | - John Ej Rasko
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia.
- Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia.
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15
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Abstract
Smad4 or DPC4 belongs to a family of signal transduction proteins that are phosphorylated and activated by transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases in response to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling via several pathways. The gene acts as a tumour suppressor gene and inactivation of smad4/DPC4 is best recognised in pancreatic cancer. However, smad4/DPC4 is also mutated in other conditions and cancers such as juvenile polyposis syndrome with and without hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, colorectal and prostate cancers.Immunohistochemistry for smad4/DPC4 protein is most useful in separating benign/reactive conditions from pancreatic cancer in needle/core biopsies. In normal and reactive states, the protein is localised to the cytoplasm and nucleus, while the protein is lost in high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia/carcinoma in situ and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife J McCarthy
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Anatomical Pathology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Runjan Chetty
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Department of Anatomical Pathology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Lee JEA, Li N, Rowley SM, Cheasley D, Zethoven M, McInerny S, Gorringe KL, James PA, Campbell IG. Molecular analysis of PALB2-associated breast cancers. J Pathol 2018; 245:53-60. [PMID: 29431189 DOI: 10.1002/path.5055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PALB2 is established as the most clinically important moderate to high penetrance breast cancer predisposition gene after BRCA1 and BRCA2. Mutations in classical familial cancer predisposition genes are presumed to be recessive at the cellular level and therefore a second inactivating somatic mutation is required in the tumour tissue. However, from the limited data that exist, PALB2 may be an example of a cancer predisposition gene that does not conform to Knudson's 'two hit' paradigm. We conducted genome-wide copy number analysis and targeted sequencing of PALB2 and other breast cancer driver genes in 15 invasive breast cancers from individuals carrying pathogenic germline mutations in PALB2. The majority of cancers showed clear evidence of bi-allelic inactivation of PALB2 (10/15) either as loss of heterozygosity involving the wild-type allele (six tumours) or as somatic point mutations (four tumours). All PALB2-null cancers had high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores consistent with a homologous recombination repair deficiency. Interestingly, all but one of the PALB2 heterozygous cancers also had high HRD scores, suggesting that alternative mechanisms of PALB2 functional loss might be operating in these cancers. Our findings demonstrate that PALB2 does undergo bi-allelic inactivation in the majority of breast cancers from PALB2 germline mutation carriers. This feature has implications for the discovery of new moderate to high penetrance breast cancer predisposition genes as it supports using the existence of a 'second hit' and mutation signatures as important search criteria. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Er Amanda Lee
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Na Li
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Biology Medical Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone M Rowley
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dane Cheasley
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Bioinformatics Consulting Core, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone McInerny
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Stringer BW, Bunt J, Day BW, Barry G, Jamieson PR, Ensbey KS, Bruce ZC, Goasdoué K, Vidal H, Charmsaz S, Smith FM, Cooper LT, Piper M, Boyd AW, Richards LJ. Nuclear factor one B (NFIB) encodes a subtype-specific tumour suppressor in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29306-20. [PMID: 27083054 PMCID: PMC5045397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an essentially incurable and rapidly fatal cancer, with few markers predicting a favourable prognosis. Here we report that the transcription factor NFIB is associated with significantly improved survival in GBM. NFIB expression correlates inversely with astrocytoma grade and is lowest in mesenchymal GBM. Ectopic expression of NFIB in low-passage, patient-derived classical and mesenchymal subtype GBM cells inhibits tumourigenesis. Ectopic NFIB expression activated phospho-STAT3 signalling only in classical and mesenchymal GBM cells, suggesting a mechanism through which NFIB may exert its context-dependent tumour suppressor activity. Finally, NFIB expression can be induced in GBM cells by drug treatment with beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W Stringer
- Brain Cancer Research Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.,Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jens Bunt
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bryan W Day
- Brain Cancer Research Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.,Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guy Barry
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R Jamieson
- Brain Cancer Research Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.,Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathleen S Ensbey
- Brain Cancer Research Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.,Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zara C Bruce
- Brain Cancer Research Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.,Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Goasdoué
- Brain Cancer Research Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.,Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hélène Vidal
- Brain Cancer Research Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.,Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara Charmsaz
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona M Smith
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne T Cooper
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew W Boyd
- Brain Cancer Research Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.,Leukaemia Foundation Research Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Ito S, Koso H, Sakamoto K, Watanabe S. RNA helicase DHX15 acts as a tumour suppressor in glioma. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1349-1359. [PMID: 28829764 PMCID: PMC5672939 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common form of malignant brain cancer and has a poor prognosis in adults. We identified Dhx15 as a candidate tumour suppressor gene in glioma by transposon-based mutagenesis. Dhx15 is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent RNA helicase belonging to the DEAH-box (DHX) helicase family, but its role in cancer remains elusive. METHODS DHX15 expression levels were examined in glioma cell lines. DHX15 functions were examined by gain- and loss-of-function analyses. Protein motifs required for the function of DHX15 were investigated by the analysis of mutant proteins. RESULTS DHX15 expression was lower in human glioma cell lines than in normal neural stem cells. Dhx15 knockdown resulted in enhanced proliferation of primary immortalised mouse astrocytes, supporting the notion that DHX15 is a tumour suppressor. Retroviral-mediated transduction of DHX15 into glioma cell lines suppressed proliferation and foci formation in vitro. Moreover, DHX15 suppressed tumour formation in a xenograft mouse model. ATPase activity was not required for the growth-inhibitory function of DHX15; however, the Ia, Ib, IV, and V motifs, which act as RNA-binding domains in DHX15, were essential. qPCR analysis revealed that DHX15 suppressed expression of NF-κB downstream target genes as well as the genes involved in splicing. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that DHX15 acts as a tumour suppressor gene in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ito
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138421, Japan
| | - Hideto Koso
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 1138421, Japan
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
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19
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Abstract
Lung cancer, which has a low survival rate, is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Smoking and air pollution are the major causes of lung cancer; however, numerous studies have demonstrated that genetic factors also contribute to the development of lung cancer. A family history of lung cancer increases the risk for the disease in both smokers and never-smokers. This review focuses on familial lung cancer, in particular on the familial aggregation of lung cancer. The development of familial lung cancer involves shared environmental and genetic factors among family members. Familial lung cancer represents a good model for investigating the association between environmental and genetic factors, as well as for identifying susceptibility genes for lung cancer. In addition, studies on familial lung cancer may help to elucidate the etiology and mechanism of lung cancer, and may identify novel biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis, targeted therapy and improved prevention strategies. This review presents the aetiology and molecular biology of lung cancer and then systematically introduces and discusses several aspects of familial lung cancer, including the characteristics of familial lung cancer, population-based studies on familial lung cancer and the genetics of familial lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Kanwal
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ji Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P.R. China
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20
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Ochiai K, Oda H, Shono S, Kato Y, Sugihara S, Nakazawa S, Azakami D, Michishita M, Onozawa E, Bonkobara M, Sako T, Shun-Ai L, Ueki H, Watanabe M, Omi T. Properties of the feline tumour suppressor reduced expression in immortalized cells (REIC/Dkk-3). Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1181-1186. [PMID: 27353749 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reduced expression in immortalized cells (REIC/Dkk-3), a member of the human Dickkopf (Dkk) family, is a growth suppressor in human and canine mammary tumours. Mammary gland tumours are common neoplasms with high malignancy in female cats. The purpose of this study was to clone the feline REIC/Dkk-3 homolog, investigate its expression in cell lines established from feline mammary gland tumours, and test its tumour suppressor function. Western blot analysis revealed that expression of the REIC/Dkk-3 protein was reduced in feline mammary carcinoma cell lines. Forced expression of REIC/Dkk-3 induced apoptosis in feline mammary tumour cell lines. These results demonstrate that REIC/Dkk-3 expression, which is downregulated in feline mammary tumour cell lines, results in the induction of apoptosis in these cells. Our findings suggest that feline REIC/Dkk-3 represents a potential molecular target for the development of therapies against feline mammary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ochiai
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Oda
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Shono
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kato
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Sugihara
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Nakazawa
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Azakami
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Onozawa
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Bonkobara
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Sako
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Shun-Ai
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Ueki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Omi
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Mittag S, Valenta T, Weiske J, Bloch L, Klingel S, Gradl D, Wetzel F, Chen Y, Petersen I, Basler K, Huber O. A novel role for the tumour suppressor Nitrilase1 modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Cell Discov 2016; 2:15039. [PMID: 27462437 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrilase1 was classified as a tumour suppressor in association with the fragile histidine-triad protein Fhit. However, knowledge about nitrilase1 and its tumour suppressor function is still limited. Whereas nitrilase1 and Fhit are discrete proteins in mammals, they are merged in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. According to the Rosetta-Stone hypothesis, proteins encoded as fusion proteins in one organism and as separate proteins in another organism may act in the same signalling pathway. Although a direct interaction of human nitrilase1 and Fhit has not been shown, our previous finding that Fhit interacts with β-catenin and represses its transcriptional activity in the canonical Wnt pathway suggested that human nitrilase1 also modulates Wnt signalling. In fact, human nitrilase1 forms a complex with β-catenin and LEF-1/TCF-4, represses β-catenin-mediated transcription and shows an additive effect together with Fhit. Knockdown of human nitrilase1 enhances Wnt target gene expression. Moreover, our experiments show that β-catenin competes away human nitrilase1 from LEF-1/TCF and thereby contributes to the activation of Wnt-target gene transcription. Inhibitory activity of human nitrilase1 on vertebrate Wnt signalling was confirmed by repression of Wnt-induced double axis formation in Xenopus embryogenesis. In line with this finding, the Drosophila fusion protein Drosophila NitFhit directly binds to Armadillo and represses the Wingless pathway in reporter gene assays. Genetic experiments confirmed the repressive activity of Drosophila NitFhit on Wingless signalling in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. In addition, colorectal tumour microarray analysis revealed a significantly reduced expression of human nitrilase1 in poorly differentiated tumours. Taken together, repression of the canonical Wnt pathway represents a new mechanism for the human nitrilase1 tumour suppressor function.
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Yu X, Li Z. MicroRNA expression and its implications for diagnosis and therapy of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:10-6. [PMID: 26498914 PMCID: PMC4717854 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common type of oral squamous cell carcinomas and is well known for its high rate of lymph nodal metastasis. Despite the identification of many molecular mechanisms in TSCC, the number of deaths associated with TSCC increased during the past 5 years. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNA molecules, which regulate gene expression by either translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. miRNAs have been proven to be key regulators of various biological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, development and tumourigenesis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the deregulated miRNAs are implicated in the diagnosis and treatment of TSCC. In this review, we summarized the expressions and roles of miRNAs in TSCC and comment on the potential roles of miRNAs in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tarakji B, Umair A, Altamimi MA, Azzeghaiby SN, Mahmoud AS, Darwish S, Nassani MZ, Ashok N. P27 expression in pleomorphic salivary gland adenoma. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:28-31. [PMID: 26199567 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2014.45294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study This study aims to characterise alterations in the immunohistochemical expression of p27 in normal tissue of the salivary gland surrounding pleomorphic adenoma and in the tumour cells of pleomorphic adenoma. Material and methods A retrospective study of data including 120 cases of pleomorphic adenomas (66 female, 54 male) retrieved from the files of the Oral Pathology Departments of Aleppo University, Syria and Al-Farabi Dental and Nursing College. Immunohistochemical expression against p27 was examined in the selected cases. The percentage of p27-positive nuclei was semi-quantitatively assessed by two independent observers and scores were given. The statistical analysis included the use of descriptive statistics and proportional frequencies. Results The results showed that P27 nuclear staining with high staining (moderate to strong positive staining in more than 50% of nuclei, depending on the percentage of nuclei for the cells) was noted in tumour duct cells of pleomorphic adenoma in 90 (75%) cases out of 120, while 30 (25%) cases showed low staining (positive staining in less than 5% of nuclei, depending on the percentage of nuclei for the cells). Conclusions Our data suggests that p27 might have a minor role in the development of pleomorphic adenoma.
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Laszlo V, Hoda MA, Garay T, Pirker C, Ghanim B, Klikovits T, Dong YW, Rozsas A, Kenessey I, Szirtes I, Grusch M, Jakopovic M, Samarzija M, Brcic L, Kern I, Rozman A, Popper H, Zöchbauer-Müller S, Heller G, Altenberger C, Ziegler B, Klepetko W, Berger W, Dome B, Hegedus B. Epigenetic down-regulation of integrin α7 increases migratory potential and confers poor prognosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Pathol 2015; 237:203-14. [PMID: 26011651 DOI: 10.1002/path.4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a devastating malignancy characterized by invasive growth and rapid recurrence. The identification and inhibition of molecular components leading to this migratory and invasive phenotype are thus essential. Accordingly, a genome-wide expression array analysis was performed on MPM cell lines and a set of 139 genes was identified as differentially expressed in cells with high versus low migratory activity. Reduced expression of the novel tumour suppressor integrin α7 (ITGA7) was found in highly motile cells. A significant negative correlation was observed between ITGA7 transcript levels and average displacement of cells. Forced overexpression of ITGA7 in MPM cells with low endogenous ITGA7 expression inhibited cell motility, providing direct evidence for the regulatory role of ITGA7 in MPM cell migration. MPM cells showed decreased ITGA7 expressions at both transcription and protein levels when compared to non-malignant mesothelial cells. The majority of MPM cell cultures displayed hypermethylation of the ITGA7 promoter when compared to mesothelial cultures. A statistically significant negative correlation between ITGA7 methylation and ITGA7 expression was also observed in MPM cells. While normal human pleura samples unambiguously expressed ITGA7, a varying level of expression was found in a panel of 200 human MPM samples. In multivariate analysis, ITGA7 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor. Although there was no correlation between histological subtypes and ITGA7 expression, importantly, patients with high tumour cell ITGA7 expression had an increased median overall survival compared to the low- or no-expression groups (463 versus 278 days). In conclusion, our data suggest that ITGA7 is an epigenetically regulated tumour suppressor gene and a prognostic factor in human MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Laszlo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamas Garay
- Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahil Ghanim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Klikovits
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Yawen W Dong
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Rozsas
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Kenessey
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Szirtes
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marko Jakopovic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Samarzija
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Brcic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Croatia.,Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Izidor Kern
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Ales Rozman
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Helmut Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Zöchbauer-Müller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Corinna Altenberger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Ziegler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Dome
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,MTA-SE Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Wang W, Chen L, Tang Q, Fan Y, Zhang X, Zhai J. Loss of ARHI expression in colon cancer and its clinical significance. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2014; 18:329-33. [PMID: 25477755 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2014.45764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study The Ras-related tumour suppressor gene aplasia Ras homolog member I (ARHI) is downregulated in many types of cancer, including ovarian cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, we explore the expression level and role of ARHI in colon cancer. Moreover, the mechanisms that down-regulate expression of ARHI in colon cancer will be further investigated. Material and methods ARHI expression levels were evaluated with immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase-PCR, and western blot. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH), single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) were used to study the mechanisms of ARHI down-regulation. Results Low expression of ARHI was observed in 61.7% (37/60) of colon cancer specimens. Compared with the paired noncancerous tissues, ARHI expression was significantly decreased in colon cancer tissues. Furthermore, low ARHI expression was significantly associated with worse differentiation degree and Dukes’ stage (P < 0.05). Methylation-specific PCR assay revealed that the methylation rates of ARHI were 53.3% (16/30) and 46.7% (14/30) in ARHI CpG I and CpG II, respectively. Therefore, methylation of promoter may be involving in down regulation of ARHI expression. Conclusions These data highlight an important role for ARHI in colon cancer, which could be a therapeutic strategy against this malignancy.
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Ojha J, Secreto CR, Rabe KG, Van Dyke DL, Kortum KM, Slager SL, Shanafelt TD, Fonseca R, Kay NE, Braggio E. Identification of recurrent truncated DDX3X mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2014; 169:445-8. [PMID: 25382417 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Zhao R, Wang N, Huang H, Ma W, Yan Q. CHD5 a tumour suppressor is epigenetically silenced in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2014; 34:e151-60. [PMID: 24529164 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5 (CHD5) has recently been identified as a potent tumour suppressor by acting as a master regulator of a tumour-suppressive network. Its inactivation resulted from aberrant methylation in the promoter occurs in several types of human malignancy and is associated with malignant tumour behaviour. In human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), CHD5 gene expression, methylation status and tumour-suppressive function have not been elucidated. AIMS In this study, we focused on the epigenetic modification and tumour-suppressive mechanism of CHD5 gene in HCC. METHODS CHD5 expression in nine HCC cell lines and 30 pairs of HCC specimens and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. Methylation-specific sequencing and methylation-specific PCR were performed to examine DNA methylation status of the CHD5 promoter in HCC cell lines and samples. The effect of CHD5 restoration on proliferation, colony formation, senescence, apoptosis and tumourigenicity were examined. RESULTS CHD5 expression was sinificantly down-regulated in HCC cell lines and tissues examined, and the -841 to -470 region of CHD5 promoter was hypermethylated in these samples. Treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine resulted in a striking regional demethylation of the -841 to -470 region of CHD5 promoter and an increase in CHD5 expression. The restoration of CHD5 expression inhibited tumour cell proliferation, colony formation and tumourigenicity and caused cellular senescence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that CHD5 is a potential tumour suppressor gene epigenetically silenced in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Lung cancers are characterised by abundant genetic diversity with relatively few recurrent mutations occurring at high frequency. However, the genetic alterations often affect a common group of oncogenic signalling pathways. There have been vast improvements in our understanding of the molecular biology that underpins lung cancer in recent years and this has led to a revolution in the diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) based on the genotype of an individual's tumour. New technologies are identifying key and potentially targetable genetic aberrations not only in adenocarcinoma but also in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. Lung cancer mutations have been identified in v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), BRAF and the parallel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway oncogenes and more recently in MEK and HER2 while structural rearrangements in ALK, ROS1 and possibly rearranged during transfection (RET) provide new therapeutic targets. Amplification is another mechanism of activation of oncogenes such as MET in adenocarcinoma, fibroblastgrowth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) in SCC. Intriguingly, many of these genetic alternations are associated with smoking status and with particular racial and gender differences, which may provide insight into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and role of host factors in lung cancer development and progression. The role of tumour suppressor genes is increasingly recognised with aberrations reported in TP53, PTEN, RB1, LKB11 and p16/CDKN2A. Identification of biologically significant genetic alterations in lung cancer that lead to activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes has the potential to provide further therapeutic opportunities. It is hoped that these discoveries may make a major contribution to improving outcome for patients with this poor prognosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Cooper
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wang Z, Dao R, Bao L, Dong Y, Wang H, Han P, Yue Y, Yu H. Epigenetic reprogramming of human lung cancer cells with the extract of bovine parthenogenetic oocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1807-15. [PMID: 24889513 PMCID: PMC4196656 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor gene silencing and proto-oncogene activation caused by epigenetic alterations plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Re-establishing the balance between the expression of tumour suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes by epigenetic modulation is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated whether cancer cells can be epigenetically reprogrammed by oocyte extract. H460 human lung cancer cells were reversibly permeabilized and incubated with the extract of bovine parthenogenetic oocytes. Bisulphite sequencing showed that bovine parthenogenetic oocyte extract induced significant demethylation at the promoters of the tumour suppressor genes RUNX3 and CDH1, but not at the promoter of the oncogenic pluripotency gene SOX2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that the histone modifications at RUNX3 and CDH1 promoters were modulated towards a transcriptionally activating state, while those at SOX2 promoter towards a transcriptionally repressive state. Correspondingly, bovine parthenogenetic oocyte extract reversed the epigenetic silencing of RUNX3 and CDH1, and repressed the expression of SOX2. At the functional level, proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion of H460 cells was strongly inhibited. These results indicate that bovine parthenogenetic oocyte extract changes the expression patterns of tumour suppressor and oncogenic genes in cancer cells by remodelling the epigenetic modifications at their promoters. Bovine parthenogenetic oocyte extract may provide a useful tool for epigenetically reprogramming cancer cells and for dissecting the epigenetic mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mammal Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Huhhot, China
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Yeste-Velasco M, Mao X, Grose R, Kudahetti SC, Lin D, Marzec J, Vasiljević N, Chaplin T, Xue L, Xu M, Foster JM, Karnam SS, James SY, Chioni AM, Gould D, Lorincz AT, Oliver RTD, Chelala C, Thomas GM, Shipley JM, Mather SJ, Berney DM, Young BD, Lu YJ. Identification of ZDHHC14 as a novel human tumour suppressor gene. J Pathol 2014; 232:566-77. [PMID: 24407904 DOI: 10.1002/path.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genomic changes affecting tumour suppressor genes are fundamental to cancer. We applied SNP array analysis to a panel of testicular germ cell tumours to search for novel tumour suppressor genes and identified a frequent small deletion on 6q25.3 affecting just one gene, ZDHHC14. The expression of ZDHHC14, a putative protein palmitoyltransferase with unknown cellular function, was decreased at both RNA and protein levels in testicular germ cell tumours. ZDHHC14 expression was also significantly decreased in a panel of prostate cancer samples and cell lines. In addition to our findings of genetic and protein expression changes in clinical samples, inducible overexpression of ZDHHC14 led to reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis through the classic caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and heterozygous knockout of ZDHHC14 increased [CORRECTED] cell colony formation ability. Finally, we confirmed our in vitro findings of the tumour suppressor role of ZDHHC14 in a mouse xenograft model, showing that overexpression of ZDHHC14 inhibits tumourigenesis. Thus, we have identified a novel tumour suppressor gene that is commonly down-regulated in testicular germ cell tumours and prostate cancer, as well as given insight into the cellular functional role of ZDHHC14, a potential protein palmitoyltransferase that may play a key protective role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Yeste-Velasco
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Wilson CH, Crombie C, van der Weyden L, Poulogiannis G, Rust AG, Pardo M, Gracia T, Yu L, Choudhary J, Poulin GB, McIntyre RE, Winton DJ, March HN, Arends MJ, Fraser AG, Adams DJ. Nuclear receptor binding protein 1 regulates intestinal progenitor cell homeostasis and tumour formation. EMBO J 2012; 31:2486-97. [PMID: 22510880 PMCID: PMC3365428 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic screens in simple model organisms have identified many of the key components of the conserved signal transduction pathways that are oncogenic when misregulated. Here, we identify H37N21.1 as a gene that regulates vulval induction in let-60(n1046gf), a strain with a gain-of-function mutation in the Caenorhabditis elegans Ras orthologue, and show that somatic deletion of Nrbp1, the mouse orthologue of this gene, results in an intestinal progenitor cell phenotype that leads to profound changes in the proliferation and differentiation of all intestinal cell lineages. We show that Nrbp1 interacts with key components of the ubiquitination machinery and that loss of Nrbp1 in the intestine results in the accumulation of Sall4, a key mediator of stem cell fate, and of Tsc22d2. We also reveal that somatic loss of Nrbp1 results in tumourigenesis, with haematological and intestinal tumours predominating, and that nuclear receptor binding protein 1 (NRBP1) is downregulated in a range of human tumours, where low expression correlates with a poor prognosis. Thus NRBP1 is a conserved regulator of cell fate, that plays an important role in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Wilson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Catriona Crombie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - George Poulogiannis
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alistair G Rust
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mercedes Pardo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tannia Gracia
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lu Yu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jyoti Choudhary
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Gino B Poulin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca E McIntyre
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - H Nikki March
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew G Fraser
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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Mao X, Boyd LK, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Chaplin T, Xue L, Lin D, Shan L, Berney DM, Young BD, Lu YJ. Chromosome rearrangement associated inactivation of tumour suppressor genes in prostate cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:604-617. [PMID: 21994901 PMCID: PMC3189822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the most common male cancer in Western countries, is commonly detected with complex chromosomal rearrangements. Following the discovery of the recurrent TMPRSS2:ETS fusions in prostate cancer and EML4:ALK in non-small-cell lung cancer, it is now accepted that fusion genes not only are the hallmark of haematological malignancies and sarcomas, but also play an important role in epithelial cell carcinogenesis. However, previous studies aiming to identify fusion genes in prostate cancer were mainly focused on expression changes and fusion transcripts. To investigate the genes recurrently affected by the chromosome breakpoints in prostate cancer, we analysed Affymetrix array 6.0 and 500K SNP microarray data from 77 prostate cancer samples. While the two genes most frequently affected by genomic breakpoints were, as expected, ERG and TMPRSS2, surprisingly more known tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) than known oncogenes were identified at recurrent chromosome breakpoints. Certain well-characterised TSGs, including p53, PTEN, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are recurrently truncated as a result of chromosome rearrangements in prostate cancer. Interestingly, many of the genes residing at recurrent breakpoint sites have not yet been implicated in prostate carcinogenesis such as HOOK3, PPP2R2A and TCBA1. We have confirmed the generally reduced expression of selected genes in clinical samples using quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Subsequently, we further investigated the genes associated with the t(4:6) translocation in LNCaP cells and reveal the genomic fusion of SNX9 and putative TSG UNC5C, which led to the reduced expression of both genes. This study reveals another common mechanism that leads to the inactivation of TSGs in prostate cancer and the identification of multiple TSGs inactivated by chromosome rearrangements will lead to new direction of research for the molecular basis of prostate carcinogenesis.
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Shyu RY, Jiang SY, Chou JM, Shih YL, Lee MS, Yu JC, Chao PC, Hsu YJ, Jao SW. RARRES3 expression positively correlated to tumour differentiation in tissues of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:146-51. [PMID: 12838316 PMCID: PMC2394219 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RARRES3 is a retinoid-inducible class II tumour-suppressor gene. This study analysed the expression of RARRES3 protein in normal, adenoma and carcinoma tissues of the colorectum and its correlation with tumour differentiation. The expression of RARRES3 protein in 151 paraffin-embedded colorectal tissues (11 distal normal mucosa, 20 adenoma and 120 colorectal adenocarcinoma) was determined by immunohistochemistry. RARRES3 protein was expressed in all 11 distal normal, 120 adjacent normal and 20 adenoma tissues. In distal normal tissues, RARRES3 protein was expressed at the highest levels in differentiated mucosal epithelial cells. Among 120 carcinoma tissues, RARRES3 protein was detected in 97.6% (40 out of 41), 79.4% (54 out of 68) and 17.3% (three out of 11) of well-, moderately and poorly differentiated tumours, respectively. The expression of RARRES3 protein was positively correlated to tumour differentiation (test for trend, P<0.0001). Also, levels of RARRES3 protein were found to be higher in the normal tissues adjacent to 14.6% (six out of 41), 51.5% (35 out of 68), and 90.1% (10 out of 11) of well-, moderately and poorly differentiated tumours, respectively. The decreases in tumour differentiation and RARRES3 expression were significantly correlated compared to the adjacent normal tissues (test for trend, P<0.0001). The prognostic implication of RARRES3 protein expression was studied in 107 tumour, and no statistical difference in survival was observed. The expression of RARRES3 protein was positively correlated to cellular differentiation of normal and adenocarcinoma tissues of the colorectum, which supports the role of RARRES3 in normal and malignant epithelial differentiation of colorectum. RARRES3 expression was decreased only in carcinoma tissue, which suggests that altered RARRES3 expression occurs late in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R-Y Shyu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, 325 Chengung Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan 114, Republic of China.
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34
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Abstract
PTEN/MMAC1, a tumour suppressor gene located on chromosome 10q23.3, has been found to be deleted in several types of human malignancies. As the chromosomal region 10q22-qter commonly is affected by losses in melanomas, we addressed this gene as tumour suppressor candidate in melanomas. Investigating PTEN/MMAC1 expression at mRNA level by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we did not find a statistically significant down-regulation in melanoma resection specimens in comparison to acquired melanocytic nevi from which melanomas quite often are known to arise. Upon immunohistochemistry, PTEN/MMAC1 protein expression in melanomas was not lost. Sequencing the PTEN/MMAC1 cDNAs in 26 melanoma resection specimens (21 primary melanomas, five metastases), we detected three point mutations and two nucleotide deletions which did not represent genetic polymorphisms. With respect to the predicted protein sequences, all three point mutations were silent whereas the two frame shifts at the extreme C-terminus resulted in a loss of the putative PDZ-targeting consensus sequence. As loss of this motif possibly impairs localization and function of PTEN/MMAC1 in the two corresponding primary tumours, alterations of this tumour suppressor protein may participate in some melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Deichmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Vossstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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35
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Wistuba II, Maitra A, Carrasco R, Tang M, Troncoso P, Minna JD, Gazdar AF. High resolution chromosome 3p, 8p, 9q and 22q allelotyping analysis in the pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:432-40. [PMID: 12177780 PMCID: PMC2376134 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2002] [Revised: 04/29/2002] [Accepted: 06/07/2002] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent genome-wide allelotyping analysis of gallbladder carcinoma identified 3p, 8p, 9q and 22q as chromosomal regions with frequent loss of heterozygosity. The present study was undertaken to more precisely identify the presence and location of regions of frequent allele loss involving those chromosomes in gallbladder carcinoma. Microdissected tissue from 24 gallbladder carcinoma were analysed for PCR-based loss of heterozygosity using 81 microsatellite markers spanning chromosome 3p (n=26), 8p (n=14), 9q (n=29) and 22q (n=12) regions. We also studied the role of those allele losses in gallbladder carcinoma pathogenesis by examining 45 microdissected normal and dysplastic gallbladder epithelia accompanying gallbladder carcinoma, using 17 microsatellite markers. Overall frequencies of loss of heterozygosity at 3p (100%), 8p (100%), 9q (88%), and 22q (92%) sites were very high in gallbladder carcinoma, and we identified 13 distinct regions undergoing frequent loss of heterozygosity in tumours. Allele losses were frequently detected in normal and dysplastic gallbladder epithelia. There was a progressive increase of the overall loss of heterozygosity frequency with increasing severity of histopathological changes. Allele losses were not random and followed a sequence. This study refines several distinct chromosome 3p, 8p, 9q and 22q regions undergoing frequent allele loss in gallbladder carcinoma that will aid in the positional identification of tumour suppressor genes involved in gallbladder carcinoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Wistuba
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
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36
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Brown VL, Proby CM, Barnes DM, Kelsell DP. Lack of mutations within ST7 gene in tumour-derived cell lines and primary epithelial tumours. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:208-11. [PMID: 12107844 PMCID: PMC2376116 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2002] [Revised: 03/19/2002] [Accepted: 04/26/2002] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ST7 is a candidate tumour suppressor gene at human chromosome locus 7q31.1. We have performed mutational analysis of ST7 in a wide-range of cell lines and primary epithelial cancers and detected only one missense change in a breast cancer cell line. Other mutations previously found in cell lines and primary tumours were not evident in our analysis. These results imply that another tumour suppressor gene at this locus may be more important than ST7 in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Brown
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, UK
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37
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Staal FJT, van der Luijt RB, Baert MRM, van Drunen J, van Bakel H, Peters E, de Valk I, van Amstel HKP, Taphoorn MJB, Jansen GH, van Veelen CWM, Burgering B, Staal GEJ. A novel germline mutation of PTEN associated with brain tumours of multiple lineages. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:1586-91. [PMID: 12085208 PMCID: PMC2746590 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2001] [Revised: 01/07/2002] [Accepted: 01/24/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a novel germline mutation in the PTEN tumour suppressor gene. The mutation was identified in a patient with a glioma, and turned out to be a heterozygous germline mutation of PTEN (Arg234Gln), without loss of heterozygosity in tumour DNA. The biological consequences of this germline mutation were investigated by means of transfection studies of the mutant PTEN molecule compared to wild-type PTEN. In contrast to the wild-type molecule, the mutant PTEN protein is not capable of inducing apoptosis, induces increased cell proliferation and leads to high constitutive PKB/Akt activation, which cannot be increased anymore by stimulation with insulin. The reported patient, in addition to glioma, had suffered from benign meningioma in the past but did not show any clinical signs of Cowden disease or other hereditary diseases typically associated with PTEN germline mutations. The functional consequences of the mutation in transfection studies are consistent with high proliferative activity. Together, these findings suggest that the Arg234Gln missense mutation in PTEN has oncogenic properties and predisposes to brain tumours of multiple lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J T Staal
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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38
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Abstract
p53 mutation remains the most common genetic change identified in human neoplasia. In breast cancer, p53 mutation is associated with more aggressive disease and worse overall survival. The frequency of mutation in p53 is, however, lower in breast cancer than in other solid tumours. Changes, both genetic and epigenetic, have been identified in regulators of p53 activity and in some downstream transcriptional targets of p53 in breast cancers that express wild-type p53. Molecular pathological analysis of the structure and expression of constituents of the p53 pathway is likely to have value in diagnosis, in prognostic assessment and, ultimately, in treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Gasco
- UO Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera S Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Shukri Shami
- Department of Surgery, Oldchurch Hospital, Romford, UK
| | - Tim Crook
- Department of Surgery, Oldchurch Hospital, Romford, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
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39
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Staratschek-Jox A, Thomas RK, Zander T, Massoudi N, Kornacker M, Bullerdiek J, Fonatsch C, Diehl V, Wolf J. Loss of heterozygosity in the Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg cell line L1236. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:381-7. [PMID: 11161403 PMCID: PMC2363750 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg cells are derived from germinal centre B-cells in most cases. Somatic mutations affecting their rearranged immunoglobulin genes were detected, rendering potential functional rearrangements non-functional. Under physiological conditions such cells would be designated to undergo apoptosis within the germinal centre. In search for the specific transforming event that prevents Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg cells from programmed cell death, cytogenetic analyses were broadly performed but did not reveal specific chromosomal aberrations. Analysis of these cells on the molecular level is difficult to perform due to the scarcity of the cells in the lymphoma tissue and the given limitations of in situ studies. To overcome these limitations, the cell line L1236, known to be derived from Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg cells in situ, was chosen for allelotype analysis. Using a panel of microsatellite loci assigned to nearly all chromosomal arms, regions of loss of heterozygosity were detected on chromosomal arms 6p, 9q and 17p. The size of lost segments was estimated by amplification of additional microsatellite loci mapped to the respective regions. Further analyses of single Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg cells will reveal whether LOH affecting these regions is a recurrent event in HD and to which extent the smallest commonly affected region can be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Staratschek-Jox
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Joseph Stelzmann Str. 9, Cologne, 50931, Germany
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40
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Oesterreich S, Allredl DC, Mohsin SK, Zhang Q, Wong H, Lee AV, Osborne CK, O'Connell P. High rates of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 19p13 in human breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:493-8. [PMID: 11207044 PMCID: PMC2363776 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently discovered that the nuclear matrix protein SAFB is an oestrogen receptor corepressor. Since it has become clear that many steroid receptor cofactors play important roles in breast tumorigenesis, we investigated whether SAFB could also be involved in breast cancer. To address this question, the gene locus was examined for structural alterations in breast cancer tissue. Laser capture microdissection was used for isolating DNA from paired primary breast tumour and normal tissue specimens, and the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 19p13.2-3 was determined by use of microsatellite markers. LOH was detected at the marker D19S216, which colocalizes with the SAFB locus, in specimens from 29 (78.4%) of 37 informative patients. The peak LOH rate occurred at D19S216 near the SAFB locus, with LOH frequencies ranging from 21.6% to 47.2% at other markers. The finding of a very high LOH rate at the marker D19S216 strongly indicates the presence of a breast tumour-suppressor gene locus. While preliminary findings of mutations in SAFB suggest that this indeed may be a promising candidate, other potential candidate genes are located at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oesterreich
- Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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41
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Abstract
The molecular events that drive the initiation and progression of ovarian adenocarcinoma are not well defined. We have investigated changes in gene expression in ovarian cancer cell lines compared to an immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial cell line (HOSE) using a cDNA array. We identified 17 genes that were under-expressed and 10 genes that were over-expressed in the cell lines compared to the HOSE cells. One of the genes under-expressed in the ovarian cancer cell lines, Id3, a transcriptional inactivator, was selected for further investigation. Id3 mRNA was expressed at reduced levels in 6 out of 9 ovarian cancer cell lines compared to the HOSE cells while at the protein level, all 7 ovarian cancer cell lines examined expressed the Id3 protein at greatly reduced levels. Expression of Id3 mRNA was also examined in primary ovarian tumours and was found in only 12/38 (32%) cases. A search was conducted for mutations of Id3 in primary ovarian cancers using single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Only one nucleotide substitution, present also in the corresponding constitutional DNA, was found in 94 ovarian tumours. Furthermore no association was found between LOH at 1p36 and lack of expression of Id3. These data suggest that Id3 is not the target of LOH at 1p36.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/chemistry
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Arnold
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Box Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
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42
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Abstract
A recently cloned tumour suppressor candidate, p33ING1, has been shown in vitro to collaborate with p53 to execute growth arrest and apoptosis. However, it is unclear as to how the expression of ING1 is regulated in normal and stress conditions. Using a p53-knockout mouse model, we investigated if the expression of ING1 was dependent on p53. We found that there was no difference in ING1 mRNA and protein levels between p53+/+ and p53-/- murine organs. In addition, when normal human epithelial keratinocytes (NHEK) and a keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, which lacks wild-type p53 function, were exposed to UVB irradiation, the expression levels of ING1 were elevated in both NHEK and HaCaT cells. It is interesting, however, that UVB irradiation did not induce ING1 expression in dermal fibroblasts isolated from p53+/+ and p53-/- mice. Based on our findings, we therefore conclude that the expression of ING1 is independent of p53 status. UV induction of ING1 in keratinocytes suggests that ING1 may play a role in cellular stress response and skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
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43
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Taubert H, Thamm B, Meye A, Bartel F, Rost AK, Heidenreich D, John V, Brandt J, Bache M, Würl P, Schmidt H, Riemann D. The p53 status in juvenile chronic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 122:264-9. [PMID: 11091284 PMCID: PMC1905773 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the p53 status in two autoimmune diseases; juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a PCR-sequencing analysis of exons 4-9 of the p53 gene, no mutation was identified, except for the case of an RA synovectomy sample with two mutations of intron 7. p53 gene polymorphisms for codons 36, 47, and 213 were not detected. Codon 72 polymorphism showed an indication of an increased occurrence of the Pro/Pro allelotype in JCA. Expression of P53 protein was comparable for JCA and RA synovectomy samples. For all RA samples P53 protein was detectable, whereas one sample of a JCA patient failed to express P53 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Taubert
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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44
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Schneider PM, Praeuer HW, Stoeltzing O, Boehm J, Manning J, Metzger R, Fink U, Wegerer S, Hoelscher AH, Roth JA. Multiple molecular marker testing (p53, C-Ki-ras, c-erbB-2) improves estimation of prognosis in potentially curative resected non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:473-9. [PMID: 10945494 PMCID: PMC2374666 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective study was performed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to evaluate the prognostic importance of multiple molecular marker (p53, c-Ki-ras, c-erbB-2) testing. 103 patients with potentially curative resections (RO resection) for NSCLC in histopathological stages I-IIIA were included. SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing for p53 and c-Ki-ras genes were performed on paired tumour and normal lung tissue samples and immunohistochemistry (c-erbB-2) was done on frozen tissue sections with a specific anti-c-erbB-2 monoclonal antibody. 46/103 (44.6%) NSCLC showed p53 mutations and 17/103 (16.5%) c-Ki-ras mutations including 12/37 (32.4%) adenocarcinomas. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 (p185) was detected in 56/103 (54.4%) tumours. 24/103 (23.3%) NSCLC were negative for alterations in all 3 parameters (c-Ki-ras, p53 and p185) whereas 79/103 (76.7%) were positive for at least one of the 3 parameters. In a regression model including a multiple molecular marker parameter (negative for all 3 markers versus positive for at least one marker), histopathological stage (P<0.00001), respectively the pT (P<0.01) and pN (P<0.00001) categories and the multiple molecular marker parameter (P<0.01) were of significant prognostic importance. This study demonstrates that testing 3 molecular markers (c-Ki-ras, p53 and c-erbB-2) improves estimation of prognosis compared to single marker testing and appears to define low (82.6%+/-7.9% 5-year survival) and high risk (40.2%+/-5.5% 5-year survival) groups for treatment failure in potentially curative (RO) resected NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes, erbB-2/genetics
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Genes, ras/genetics
- Genetic Markers/genetics
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Mutation/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Schneider
- Department of Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany.
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45
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Abstract
Chromosome 7p alterations have been implicated in the development of Wilms' tumour (WT) by previous studies of tumour cytogenetics, and by our analysis of a constitutional translocation (t(1;7)(q42;p15)) in a child with WT and radial aplasia. We therefore used polymorphic microsatellite markers on 7p for a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) study, and found LOH in seven out of 77 informative WTs (9%). The common region of LOH was 7p15-7p22, which contains the region disrupted by the t(1;7) breakpoint. Four WTs with 7p LOH had other genetic changes; a germline WT1 mutation with 11p LOH, LOH at 11p, LOH at 16q, and loss of imprinting of IGF2. Analysis of three tumour-associated lesions from 7p LOH cases revealed a cystic nephroma-like area also having 7p LOH. However, a nephrogenic rest and a contralateral WT from the two other cases showed no 7p LOH. No particular clinical phenotype was associated with the WTs which showed 7p LOH. The frequency and pattern of 7p LOH demonstrated in our studies indicate the presence of a tumour suppressor gene at 7p involved in the development of Wilms' tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Powlesland
- University of Bristol, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, UK
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46
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Kato H, Zhou Y, Asanoma K, Kondo H, Yoshikawa Y, Watanabe K, Matsuda T, Wake N, Barrett JC. Suppressed tumorigenicity of human endometrial cancer cells by the restored expression of the DCC gene. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:459-66. [PMID: 10646905 PMCID: PMC2363268 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain functional evidence for DCC as a tumour suppressor associated with endometrial cancer, the human DCC cDNA encoding a complete open reading frame (ORF) was transfected into highly tumorigenic human endometrial carcinoma cells, HHUA and Ishikawa in which DCC expression was completely deleted. Reconstituted expression of DCC in HHUA had little effect on in vitro growth, but suppressed tumour formation in mice completely. The clones from Ishikawa had abundant DCC expression similar to that in normal endometrium. Their growth in vitro was suppressed and showed apoptotic phenotype. Lower levels of DCC expression in the prolonged passaged clones did not induce apoptosis, but still had the potential to suppress tumorigenicity. These observations imply a role of DCC in regulation of normal endometrial cell growth, and categorize DCC as the tumour suppressor gene for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kato
- Department of Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Beppu City, Oita, Japan
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47
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Hulsebos TJ, Oskam NT, Bijleveld EH, Westerveld A, Hermsen MA, van den Ouweland AM, Hamel BC, Tijssen CC. Evidence for an ependymoma tumour suppressor gene in chromosome region 22pter-22q11.2. Br J Cancer 1999; 81:1150-4. [PMID: 10584875 PMCID: PMC2374323 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymomas are glial tumours of the brain and spinal cord. The most frequent genetic change in sporadic ependymoma is monosomy 22, suggesting the presence of an ependymoma tumour suppressor gene on that chromosome. Clustering of ependymomas has been reported to occur in some families. From an earlier study in a family in which four cousins developed an ependymoma, we concluded that an ependymoma-susceptibility gene, which is not the NF2 gene in 22q12, might be located on chromosome 22. To localize that gene, we performed a segregation analysis with chromosome 22 markers in this family. This analysis revealed that the susceptibility gene may be located proximal to marker D22S941 in 22pter-22q11.2. Comparative genomic hybridization showed that monosomy 22 was the sole detectable genetic aberration in the tumour of one of the patients. Loss of heterozygosity studies in that tumour revealed that, in accordance to Knudson's two-hit theory of tumorigenesis, the lost chromosome 22 originated from the parent presumed to have contributed the wild-type allele of the susceptibility gene. Thus, our segregation and tumour studies collectively indicate that an ependymoma tumour suppressor gene may be present in region 22pter-22q11.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hulsebos
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Huiping C, Sigurgeirsdottir JR, Jonasson JG, Eiriksdottir G, Johannsdottir JT, Egilsson V, Ingvarsson S. Chromosome alterations and E-cadherin gene mutations in human lobular breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1999; 81:1103-10. [PMID: 10584868 PMCID: PMC2374316 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied a set of 40 human lobular breast cancers for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at various chromosome locations and for mutations in the coding region plus flanking intron sequences of the E-cadherin gene. We found a high frequency of LOH (100%, 31/31) at 16q21-q22.1. A significantly higher level of LOH was detected in ductal breast tumours at chromosome arms 1p, 3p, 9p, 11q, 13q and 18q compared to lobular breast tumours. Furthermore, we found a significant association between LOH at 16q containing the E-cadherin locus and lobular histological type. Six different somatic mutations were detected in the E-cadherin gene, of which three were insertions, two deletions and one splice site mutation. Mutations were found in combination with LOH of the wild type E-cadherin locus and loss of or reduced E-cadherin expression detected by immunohistochemistry. The mutations described here have not previously been reported. We compared LOH at different chromosome regions with E-cadherin gene mutations and found a significant association between LOH at 13q and E-cadherin gene mutations. A significant association was also detected between LOH at 13q and LOH at 7q and 11q. Moreover, we found a significant association between LOH at 3p and high S phase, LOH at 9p and low ER and PgR content, LOH at 17p and aneuploidy. We conclude that LOH at 16q is the most frequent chromosome alteration and E-cadherin is a typical tumour suppressor gene in lobular breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huiping
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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49
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Tokuchi Y, Hashimoto T, Kobayashi Y, Hayashi M, Nishida K, Hayashi S, Imai K, Nakachi K, Ishikawa Y, Nakagawa K, Kawakami Y, Tsuchiya E. The expression of p73 is increased in lung cancer, independent of p53 gene alteration. Br J Cancer 1999; 80:1623-9. [PMID: 10408409 PMCID: PMC2363108 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 gene, a new p53 homologue, has been identified: it supposedly acts as tumour suppressor gene in neuroblastoma. To clarify whether p73 might be involved in lung carcinogenesis, we examined p73 expression in resected lung cancer and paired normal lung in 60 cases using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also examined p73 gene status in three representative cases using Southern blot, and p53 gene alteration in 49 cases using PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequence. In 87% of the cases (52/60) p73 expression in tumour was more than twice as high as that in paired normal lung tissues, and the difference between p73 expression in tumour and normal lung tissue was significant (P < 0.0001). However, Southern blot analysis revealed that none of the cases showed p73 gene amplification. Compared with clinicopathological characteristics, p73 expression correlates significantly with histological differences and age of patient, independently (P < 0.05). Concerning p53 gene status, 43% (21/49) showed p53 gene alteration, but there was no correlation between p73 overexpression and p53 gene alteration. Our results suggest that need for further functional analysis of the role of p73 in lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tokuchi
- Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, Ina, Japan
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50
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Cleton-Jansen AM, Moerland EW, Pronk JC, van Berkel CG, Apostolou S, Crawford J, Savoia A, Auerbach AD, Mathew CG, Callen DF, Cornelisse CJ. Mutation analysis of the Fanconi anaemia A gene in breast tumours with loss of heterozygosity at 16q24.3. Br J Cancer 1999; 79:1049-52. [PMID: 10098735 PMCID: PMC2362253 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently identified Fanconi anaemia A (FAA) gene is located on chromosomal band 16q24.3 within a region that has been frequently reported to show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in breast cancer. FAA mutation analysis of 19 breast tumours with specific LOH at 16q24.3 was performed. Single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis on cDNA and genomic DNA, and Southern blotting failed to identify any tumour-specific mutations. Five polymorphisms were identified, but frequencies of occurrence did not deviate from those in a normal control population. Therefore, the FAA gene is not the gene targeted by LOH at 16q24.3 in breast cancer. Another tumour suppressor gene in this chromosomal region remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cleton-Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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