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Samper-Martín B, Sarrias A, Lázaro B, Pérez-Montero M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Ribeiro MPC, Bañón A, Wolfgeher D, Jessen HJ, Alsina B, Clotet J, Kron SJ, Saiardi A, Jiménez J, Bru S. Polyphosphate degradation by Nudt3-Zn 2+ mediates oxidative stress response. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110004. [PMID: 34788624 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) is a polymer of hundreds of phosphate residues present in all organisms. In mammals, polyP is involved in crucial physiological processes, including coagulation, inflammation, and stress response. However, after decades of research, the metabolic enzymes are still unknown. Here, we purify and identify Nudt3, a NUDIX family member, as the enzyme responsible for polyP phosphatase activity in mammalian cells. We show that Nudt3 shifts its substrate specificity depending on the cation; specifically, Nudt3 is active on polyP when Zn2+ is present. Nudt3 has in vivo polyP phosphatase activity in human cells, and importantly, we show that cells with altered polyP levels by modifying Nudt3 protein amount present reduced viability upon oxidative stress and increased DNA damage, suggesting that polyP and Nudt3 play a role in oxidative stress protection. Finally, we show that Nudt3 is involved in the early stages of embryo development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Samper-Martín
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Sarrias
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Lázaro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Montero
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana P C Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitor Bañón
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Don Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Henning J Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Berta Alsina
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Clotet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Javier Jiménez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Samuel Bru
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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2
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Jiang A, Du P, Liu Y, Pu J, Shi J, Zhang H. Metformin regulates the Th17/Treg balance by glycolysis with TIGAR in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:40-48. [PMID: 33858654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance of Th17/Treg plays an important role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Glycolysis and glutaminolysis for energy metabolism governs the differentiate of CD 4+ T-cells to Th17/Treg. Metformin can regulate glucose metabolism in the liver, but its protective effect on I/R liver injury and its effect on Th17/Treg balancestill unknown. In this study, the I/R liver injury rat model and the primary hepatocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model were established. The biochemical indexes, inflammatory factor indexes, Th17/Treg balance and energy metabolism were evaluated. RNA-seq and gene knockout cells were used to investigated the target protein of metformin. The results showed that metformin could effectively improve liver injury caused by I/R, significantly inhibit the glycolysis, improve the Th17/Treg balance, and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors. RNA-seq results showed that TIGAR was a possible regulatory site of metformin. However, the protective effect and the regulating effect of Th17/Treg balance by metformin in TIGAR knock-out cells were disappeared. In conclusion, metformin could regulate TIGAR inhibit glycolysis then regulate Th17/Treg balance, inhibit the release of liver inflammatory factors, and finally play a role in inhibiting the occurrence of liver injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Peishan Du
- Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jiekun Pu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jinzheng Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Heming Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
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Strunk BS, Steinfeld N, Lee S, Jin N, Muñoz-Rivera C, Meeks G, Thomas A, Akemann C, Mapp AK, MacGurn JA, Weisman LS. Roles for a lipid phosphatase in the activation of its opposing lipid kinase. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1835-1845. [PMID: 32583743 PMCID: PMC7525815 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-09-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fig4 is a phosphoinositide phosphatase that converts PI3,5P2 to PI3P. Paradoxically, mutation of Fig4 results in lower PI3,5P2, indicating that Fig4 is also required for PI3,5P2 production. Fig4 promotes elevation of PI3,5P2, in part, through stabilization of a protein complex that includes its opposing lipid kinase, Fab1, and the scaffold protein Vac14. Here we show that multiple regions of Fig4 contribute to its roles in the elevation of PI3,5P2: its catalytic site, an N-terminal disease-related surface, and a C-terminal region. We show that mutation of the Fig4 catalytic site enhances the formation of the Fab1-Vac14-Fig4 complex, and reduces the ability to elevate PI3,5P2. This suggests that independent of its lipid phosphatase function, the active site plays a role in the Fab1-Vac14-Fig4 complex. We also show that the N-terminal disease-related surface contributes to the elevation of PI3,5P2 and promotes Fig4 association with Vac14 in a manner that requires the Fig4 C-terminus. We find that the Fig4 C-terminus alone interacts with Vac14 in vivo and retains some functions of full-length Fig4. Thus, a subset of Fig4 functions are independent of its phosphatase domain and at least three regions of Fig4 play roles in the function of the Fab1-Vac14-Fig4 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany S Strunk
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212
| | - Noah Steinfeld
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Sora Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Natsuko Jin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Garrison Meeks
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212
| | - Asha Thomas
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212
| | - Camille Akemann
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Anna K Mapp
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Claeys H, Vi SL, Xu X, Satoh-Nagasawa N, Eveland AL, Goldshmidt A, Feil R, Beggs GA, Sakai H, Brennan RG, Lunn JE, Jackson D. Control of meristem determinacy by trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases is uncoupled from enzymatic activity. Nat Plants 2019; 5:352-357. [PMID: 30936436 PMCID: PMC7444751 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meristem fate is regulated by trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases (TPPs), but their mechanism of action remains mysterious. Loss of the maize TPPs RAMOSA3 and TPP4 leads to reduced meristem determinacy and more inflorescence branching. However, analysis of an allelic series revealed no correlation between enzymatic activity and branching, and a catalytically inactive version of RA3 complements the ra3 mutant. Together with their nuclear localization, these findings suggest a moonlighting function for TPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Claeys
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Son Lang Vi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xiaosa Xu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namiko Satoh-Nagasawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- DuPont Pioneer, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Alexander Goldshmidt
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Hajime Sakai
- DuPont Pioneer, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Napigen, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Yu Y, Wang J, Li S, Kakan X, Zhou Y, Miao Y, Wang F, Qin H, Huang R. Ascorbic Acid Integrates the Antagonistic Modulation of Ethylene and Abscisic Acid in the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Plant Physiol 2019; 179:1861-1875. [PMID: 30723177 PMCID: PMC6446745 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During plant growth and development, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) play important roles and exert synergistic or antagonistic effects on various biological processes, but the detailed mechanism underlying the interaction of the two phytohormones, especially in the regulation of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is largely unclear. Here, we report that ethylene inhibits but ABA promotes the accumulation of ROS in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. Furthermore, changes in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (AsA) act as a key factor in integrating the interaction of ethylene and ABA in the regulation of ROS levels. We found that ethylene and ABA antagonistically regulate AsA biosynthesis via ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) and ABA INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4), which are key factors in the ethylene and ABA signaling pathways, respectively. In addition, ABI4 is transcriptionally repressed by EIN3 in ethylene-regulated AsA biosynthesis. Via transcriptome analysis and molecular and genetic experiments, we identified VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE2as the direct target of ABI4 in the regulation of AsA biosynthesis and ROS accumulation. Thus, the EIN3-ABI4- VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE2 transcriptional cascade involves a mechanism by which ethylene and ABA antagonistically regulate AsA biosynthesis and ROS accumulation in response to complex environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Yu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiamusiya Kakan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
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6
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ShuoHao H, Jing L, Jie Z, JianYun Z, LongQuan H. Identification and characterization of a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate phosphatase in tobacco plants. Plant Sci 2019; 278:88-95. [PMID: 30471733 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the catalytically active form of vitamin B6, is an important cofactor for many biochemical transformations. PLP is also a very reactive molecule, and the most well-established mechanism for maintaining low levels of free PLP is its dephosphorylation by phosphatases. In our previous study, the crude enzyme extract from tobacco leaves rapidly hydrolyzed PLP at a pH optimum of 5.5. Using PLP as a substrate, a novel acid phosphatase was purified from tobacco leaves and characterized. Whether there is a PLP specific phosphatase in plants is still unknown. In this study, a cDNA clone sharing 34.72% homology with human PLP phosphatase sequences was identified from N. tabacum and characterized. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 319 amino acid residues, and the recombinant enzyme purified from E. coli exhibited maximum catalytic activity for PLP at pH 7.5. The properties of the purified enzyme, including pH optimum, metal requirement, optimum substrate and inhibitors were similar to those of human PLP phosphatase. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the PLP phosphatase is mainly located in chloroplast. We down-regulated the gene expression with plant RNA interference technology and found that the down-regulation has a greater impact on the transcription of genes encoding vitamin B6 metabolic enzymes. Our study further suggested that the PLP phosphatase plays an important role for maintaining PLP homeostasis within the chloroplast in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang ShuoHao
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Jing
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Jie
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang JianYun
- School of Foreign Languages, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huang LongQuan
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Zheng Y, Bi J, Hou MY, Shen W, Zhang W, Ai H, Yu XQ, Wang YF. Ocnus is essential for male germ cell development in Drosophila melanogaster. Insect Mol Biol 2018; 27:545-555. [PMID: 29732657 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ocnus (ocn) gene encodes a protein abundant in the testes, implying its role in testis development. When Drosophila melanogaster is infected with the endosymbiont wMel Wolbachia, which affects the spermatogenesis of its hosts, ocn is downregulated in the third-instar larval testes, suggesting a role of ocn in spermatogenesis. In this study, we knocked down ocn in the testes and found that the hatch rates of embryos derived from ocn-knockdown males were significantly decreased, and 84.38% of the testes were much smaller in comparison to controls. Analysis of the smaller testes showed no germ cells but they had an extended hub. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), we identified 69 genes with at least a twofold change (q-value < 5%) in their expression after ocn knockdown; of these, eight testes-specific and three reproduction-related genes were verified to be significantly downregulated using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Three genes (orientation disruptor, p24-2 and CG13541) were also significantly downregulated in the presence of Wolbachia. Furthermore, 98 genes were not expressed when ocn was knocked down in testes. These results suggest that ocn plays a crucial role in male germ cell development in Drosophila, possibly by regulating the expression of multiple spermatogenesis-related genes. Our data provide important information to help understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Bi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - M-Y Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - X-Q Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Y-F Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Zhou X, Wang B, Emerson JM, Ringelberg CS, Gerber SA, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC. A HAD family phosphatase CSP-6 regulates the circadian output pathway in Neurospora crassa. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007192. [PMID: 29351294 PMCID: PMC5800702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms where they are used to anticipate regularly occurring diurnal and seasonal environmental changes. Nevertheless, little is known regarding pathways connecting the core clock to its output pathways. Here, we report that the HAD family phosphatase CSP-6 is required for overt circadian clock output but not for the core oscillation. The loss of function Δcsp-6 deletion mutant is overtly arrhythmic on race tubes under free running conditions; however, reporter assays confirm that the FREQUENCY-WHITE COLLAR COMPLEX core circadian oscillator is functional, indicating a discrete block between oscillator and output. CSP-6 physically interacts with WHI-2, Δwhi-2 mutant phenotypes resemble Δcsp-6, and the CSP-6/WHI-2 complex physically interacts with WC-1, all suggesting that WC-1 is a direct target for CSP-6/WHI-2-mediated dephosphorylation and consistent with observed WC-1 hyperphosphorylation in Δcsp-6. To identify the source of the block to output, known clock-controlled transcription factors were screened for rhythmicity in Δcsp-6, identifying loss of circadian control of ADV-1, a direct target of WC-1, as responsible for the loss of overt rhythmicity. The CSP-6/WHI-2 complex thus participates in the clock output pathway by regulating WC-1 phosphorylation to promote proper transcriptional/translational activation of adv-1/ADV-1; these data establish an unexpected essential role for post-translational modification parallel to circadian transcriptional regulation in the early steps of circadian output. Though molecules and components in the core circadian oscillator are well studied in Neurospora, the mechanisms through which output pathways are coupled with core components are less well understood. In this study we investigated a HAD phosphatase, CSP-6; loss-of-function Δcsp-6 strains are overtly arrhythmic but have a functional core circadian oscillation. CSP-6 in association with WHI-2 dephosphorylates the core clock component WC-1 to regulate light-responses and development. To dissect the functions of CSP-6 in core clock and output, we screened known WC-1 targets and found that loss of CSP-6 causes misregulation of transcriptional/translational activation of ADV-1, a key regulator of output. Thus, loss of CSP-6-mediated dephosphorylation of WC-1 leads to loss of ADV-1 activation and is responsible for the complete loss of overt developmental rhythmicity in Δcsp-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jillian M. Emerson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Carol S. Ringelberg
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Loros
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jay C. Dunlap
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Gelens L, Qian J, Bollen M, Saurin AT. The Importance of Kinase-Phosphatase Integration: Lessons from Mitosis. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:6-21. [PMID: 29089159 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kinases and phosphatases work antagonistically to control the behaviour of individual substrate molecules. This can be incorrectly extrapolated to imply that they also work antagonistically on the signals or processes that these molecules control. In fact, in many situations kinases and phosphatases work together to positively drive signal responses. We explain how this 'cooperativity' is critical for setting the amplitude, localisation, timing, and shape of phosphorylation signals. We use mitosis to illustrate why these properties are important for controlling mitotic entry, sister chromatid cohesion, kinetochore-microtubule attachments, the spindle assembly checkpoint, mitotic spindle elongation, and mitotic exit. These examples provide a rationale to explain how complex signalling behaviour could rely on similar types of integration within many other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lendert Gelens
- Laboratory of Dynamics in Biological Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Junbin Qian
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian T Saurin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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10
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Griffiths CA, Paul MJ. Targeting carbon for crop yield and drought resilience. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:4663-4671. [PMID: 28653336 PMCID: PMC5655914 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current methods of crop improvement are not keeping pace with projected increases in population growth. Breeding, focused around key traits of stem height and disease resistance, delivered the step-change yield improvements of the green revolution of the 1960s. However, subsequently, yield increases through conventional breeding have been below the projected requirement of 2.4% per year required by 2050. Genetic modification (GM) mainly for herbicide tolerance and insect resistance has been transformational, akin to a second green revolution, although GM has yet to make major inroads into intrinsic yield processes themselves. Drought imposes the major restriction on crop yields globally but, as yet, has not benefited substantially from genetic improvement and still presents a major challenge to agriculture. Much still has to be learnt about the complex process of how drought limits yield and what should be targeted. Mechanisms of drought adaptation from the natural environment cannot be taken into crops without significant modification for the agricultural environment because mechanisms of drought tolerance are often in contrast with mechanisms of high productivity required in agriculture. However, through convergence of fundamental and translational science, it would appear that a mechanism of sucrose allocation in crops can be modified for both productivity and resilience to drought and other stresses. Recent publications show how this mechanism can be targeted by GM, natural variation and a new chemical approach. Here, with an emphasis on drought, we highlight how understanding fundamental science about how crops grow, develop and what limits their growth and yield can be combined with targeted genetic selection and pioneering chemical intervention technology for transformational yield improvements. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
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11
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Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulate a plethora of cellular functions in virtually all eukaryotic cells. In neurons, the cAMP/PKA signaling cascade controls a number of biological properties such as axonal growth, synaptic transmission, regulation of excitability or long term changes in the nucleus. Genetically-encoded optical biosensors for cAMP or PKA considerably improved our understanding of these processes by providing a real-time measurement in living neurons. In this review, we describe the recent progresses made in the creation of biosensors for cAMP or PKA activity. These biosensors revealed profound differences in the amplitude of the cAMP signal evoked by neuromodulators between various neuronal preparations. These responses can be resolved at the level of individual neurons, also revealing differences related to the neuronal type. At the subcellular level, biosensors reported different signal dynamics in domains like dendrites, cell body, nucleus and axon. Combining this imaging approach with pharmacology or genetical models points at phosphodiesterases and phosphatases as critical regulatory proteins. Biosensor imaging will certainly help understand the mechanism of action of current drugs as well as help in devising novel therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric diseases.
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12
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Ye Y, Ge YM, Xiao MM, Guo LM, Li Q, Hao JQ, Da J, Hu WL, Zhang XD, Xu J, Zhang LJ. Suppression of SHIP2 contributes to tumorigenesis and proliferation of gastric cancer cells via activation of Akt. J Gastroenterol 2016. [PMID: 26201869 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Src homology 2-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) is implicated in diabetes, arthrosclerosis, and cancer. However, the role of SHIP2 in human gastric cancer remains unclear. METHODS The expression levels of SHIP2 in gastric cancer tissues, a panel of gastric cancer cell lines, and normal gastric epithelial cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Gastric cancer cells with either overexpressed SHIP2 or co-overexpressed SHIP2 and Akt were analyzed to determine cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion assays. Normal gastric epithelial cells with knockdown SHIP2 or co-knockdown SHIP2 and Akt were subjected by anchorage-independent growth assays. The effect of SHIP2 on tumor growth in vivo was detected by xenograft tumorigenesis assays. RESULTS SHIP2 was commonly downregulated in gastric cancer compared with normal gastric mucosa, and overexpression of SHIP2 inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, suppressed cell motility and invasion in gastric cancer cells in vitro, and retarded the growth of xenograft gastric tumors in vivo, while knockdown of SHIP2 in normal gastric epithelial cells promoted anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, overexpression of SHIP2 inactivated Akt, and upregulated p21, p27, and the pro-apoptotic protein Bim. Restoring Akt activation in gastric cancer cells largely blocked the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling by SHIP2 and reversed the inhibitory effect of SHIP2 on tumorigenesis and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, for the first time, that SHIP2 is frequently downregulated in gastric cancer, and reduced SHIP2 expression promotes tumorigenesis and proliferation of gastric cancer via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ye
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Mei Ge
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Miao Miao Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Mei Guo
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ji Qing Hao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Da
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Wang Lai Hu
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jiegou Xu
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Lin Jie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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13
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Abstract
The Raf-1 kinase is an effector of Ras GTPases that lies at the apex of the three-tier Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Raf-1 activation is a complex process that entails two major events--relief of autoinhibition imposed by the regulatory domain and kinase domain activation. Recent studies indicate that the transition of Raf-1 from an active to an inactive state bears similar complexity to the activation process. Both these events require dynamic changes in Raf-1 phosphorylation. Here, we discuss the critical role of phosphatases and feedback phosphorylation during activation and inactivation of Raf-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep S Dhillon
- Signaling and Proteomics Group, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK.
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14
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Colabardini AC, Ries LNA, Brown NA, Savoldi M, Dinamarco TM, von Zeska MR, Goldman MHS, Goldman GH. Protein kinase C overexpression suppresses calcineurin-associated defects in Aspergillus nidulans and is involved in mitochondrial function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104792. [PMID: 25153325 PMCID: PMC4143261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In filamentous fungi, intracellular signaling pathways which are mediated by changing calcium levels and/or by activated protein kinase C (Pkc), control fungal adaptation to external stimuli. A rise in intracellular Ca2+ levels activates calcineurin subunit A (CnaA), which regulates cellular calcium homeostasis among other processes. Pkc is primarily involved in maintaining cell wall integrity (CWI) in response to different environmental stresses. Cross-talk between the Ca2+ and Pkc-mediated pathways has mainly been described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in a few other filamentous fungi. The presented study describes a genetic interaction between CnaA and PkcA in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Overexpression of pkcA partially rescues the phenotypes caused by a cnaA deletion. Furthermore, CnaA appears to affect the regulation of a mitogen-activated kinase, MpkA, involved in the CWI pathway. Reversely, PkcA is involved in controlling intracellular calcium homeostasis, as was confirmed by microarray analysis. Furthermore, overexpression of pkcA in a cnaA deletion background restores mitochondrial number and function. In conclusion, PkcA and CnaA-mediated signaling appear to share common targets, one of which appears to be MpkA of the CWI pathway. Both pathways also regulate components involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. This study describes targets for PkcA and CnaA-signaling pathways in an A. nidulans and identifies a novel interaction of both pathways in the regulation of cellular respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Colabardini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Neil Andrew Brown
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Savoldi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taísa Magnani Dinamarco
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina von Zeska
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena S. Goldman
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goldman
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol – CTBE, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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Trevisol ETV, Panek AD, De Mesquita JF, Eleutherio ECA. Regulation of the yeast trehalose-synthase complex by cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1646-50. [PMID: 24380875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trehalose is an important protectant in several microorganisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it is synthesized by a large complex comprising the enzymes Tps1 and Tps2 and the subunits Tps3 and Tsl1, showing an intricate metabolic control. METHODS To investigate how the trehalose biosynthesis pathway is regulated, we analyzed Tps1 and Tps2 activities as well as trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) contents by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Tsl1 deficiency totally abolished the increase in Tps1 activity and accumulation of trehalose in response to a heat stress, whereas absence of Tps3 only reduced Tps1 activity and trehalose synthesis. In extracts of heat stressed cells, Tps1 was inhibited by T6P and by ATP. Mg(2+) in the presence of cAMP. In contrast, cAMP-dependent phosphorylation did not inhibit Tps1 in tps3 cells, which accumulated a higher proportion of T6P after stress. Tps2 activity was not induced in a tps3 mutant. CONCLUSION Taken together these results suggest that Tsl1 is a decisive subunit for activity of the TPS complex since in its absence no trehalose synthesis occurred. On the other hand, Tps3 seems to be an activator of Tps2. To perform this task, Tps3 must be non-phosphorylated. To readily stop trehalose synthesis during stress recovery, Tps3 must be phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, decreasing Tps2 activity and, consequently, increasing the concentration of T6P which would inhibit Tps1. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A better understanding of TPS complex regulation is essential for understanding how yeast deals with stress situations and how it is able to recover when the stress is over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo T V Trevisol
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anita D Panek
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joelma F De Mesquita
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
| | - Elis C A Eleutherio
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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16
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Hwang Y, Kumar P, Barakat AI. Intracellular regulation of cell signaling cascades: how location makes a difference. J Math Biol 2013; 69:213-42. [PMID: 23774809 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-013-0701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organelles such as endosomes and the Golgi apparatus play a critical role in regulating signal transmission to the nucleus. Recent experiments have shown that appropriate positioning of these organelles within the intracellular space is critical for effective signal regulation. To understand the mechanism behind this observation, we consider a reaction-diffusion model of an intracellular signaling cascade and investigate the effect on the signaling of intracellular regulation in the form of a small release of phosphorylated signaling protein, kinase, and/or phosphatase. Variational analysis is applied to characterize the most effective regions for the localization of this intracellular regulation. The results demonstrate that signals reaching the nucleus are most effectively regulated by localizing the release of phosphorylated substrate protein and kinase near the nucleus. Phosphatase release, on the other hand, is nearly equally effective throughout the intracellular space. The effectiveness of the intracellular regulation is affected strongly by the characteristics of signal propagation through the cascade. For signals that are amplified as they propagate through the cascade, reactions in the upstream levels of the cascade exhibit much larger sensitivities to regulation by release of phosphorylated substrate protein and kinase than downstream reactions. On the other hand, for signals that decay through the cascade, downstream reactions exhibit larger sensitivity than upstream reactions. For regulation by phosphatase release, all reactions within the cascade show large sensitivity for amplified signals but lose this sensitivity for decaying signals. We use the analysis to develop a simple model of endosome-mediated regulation of cell signaling. The results demonstrate that signal regulation by the modeled endosome is most effective when the endosome is positioned in the vicinity of the nucleus. The present findings may explain at least in part why endosomes in many cell types localize near the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyun Hwang
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,
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17
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Ichihara Y, Wada T, Soeda Y, Ishii Y, Sasahara M, Tsuneki H, Sasaoka T. SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 selectively impairs hypothalamic insulin signalling and regulation of food intake in mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:372-82. [PMID: 23286299 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) is a lipid phosphatase that negatively regulates the metabolic signalling of insulin in peripheral tissues; however, the expression of SHIP2 in the hypothalamus and its functional roles are largely unknown. In the present study, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that SHIP2 protein exists in neuronal cells expressing neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortin in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in C57BL/6J mice. Interestingly, the expression levels of SHIP2 in the hypothalamus were elevated in aged C57BL/6J mice and diabetic db/db mice. To clarify the significance of the increased expression of SHIP2 in the hypothalamus, we examined the central effects of insulin and leptin in transgenic mice overexpressing SHIP2 (SHIP2-Tg). Accumulation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and phosphorylation of Akt in the hypothalamus, induced by i.c.v. injection of insulin, were attenuated in SHIP2-Tg compared to wild-type mice, whereas leptin-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the hypothalamus was comparable between them. The suppression of food intake after i.c.v. administration of insulin (but not leptin) was attenuated consistently in SHIP2-Tg. In addition, SHIP2-Tg showed increased food consumption after starvation and become heavier with visceral fat accumulation than wild-type mice, despite normal levels of oxygen consumption and spontaneous movement. These results suggest that SHIP2 contributes to the regulation of food intake mainly via the attenuation of insulin signalling in the hypothalamus of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ichihara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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18
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Liang AJ, Hong Y, Sun Y, Gao MZ, Zhao XM. The regulation network and network motif analysis in ovarian cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2013; 34:170-174. [PMID: 23781592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several gene alterations have been identified associated with ovarian cancer (OC) development. However, how these genetic elements are coordinated in transcription network during OC initiation and progression is poorly understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to interpret the transcription regulation network of OC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The GSE14407 microarray data was used for analysis of the transcription regulation network of OC. RESULTS The results showed that the TP53 (tumor protein p53) was the most crucial transcription factor in the transcriptome network. P53 could down-regulate CDC14A (CDC14 cell division cycle 14 homolog A [S. cerevisiae]) and FAS (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6) expression, but up-regulate SFN (stratifin) and THBS1 (thrombospondin 1) expression to involve in pathways in cancer, cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, and apoptosis pathway. CONCLUSION This transcriptional regulation may provide a better understanding of molecular mechanism and some potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-juan Liang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jliaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Humbert MC, Weihbrecht K, Searby CC, Li Y, Pope RM, Sheffield VC, Seo S. ARL13B, PDE6D, and CEP164 form a functional network for INPP5E ciliary targeting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:19691-6. [PMID: 23150559 PMCID: PMC3511769 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210916109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting ciliary components cause a series of related genetic disorders in humans, including nephronophthisis (NPHP), Joubert syndrome (JBTS), Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS), and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), which are collectively termed "ciliopathies." Recent protein-protein interaction studies combined with genetic analyses revealed that ciliopathy-related proteins form several functional networks/modules that build and maintain the primary cilium. However, the precise function of many ciliopathy-related proteins and the mechanisms by which these proteins are targeted to primary cilia are still not well understood. Here, we describe a protein-protein interaction network of inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (INPP5E), a prenylated protein associated with JBTS, and its ciliary targeting mechanisms. INPP5E is targeted to the primary cilium through a motif near the C terminus and prenyl-binding protein phosphodiesterase 6D (PDE6D)-dependent mechanisms. Ciliary targeting of INPP5E is facilitated by another JBTS protein, ADP-ribosylation factor-like 13B (ARL13B), but not by ARL2 or ARL3. ARL13B missense mutations that cause JBTS in humans disrupt the ARL13B-INPP5E interaction. We further demonstrate interactions of INPP5E with several ciliary and centrosomal proteins, including a recently identified ciliopathy protein centrosomal protein 164 (CEP164). These findings indicate that ARL13B, INPP5E, PDE6D, and CEP164 form a distinct functional network that is involved in JBTS and NPHP but independent of the ones previously defined by NPHP and MKS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie Weihbrecht
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
- Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Yalan Li
- Proteomics Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Robert M. Pope
- Proteomics Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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20
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Sato-Izawa K, Nakaba S, Tamura K, Yamagishi Y, Nakano Y, Nishikubo N, Kawai S, Kajita S, Ashikari M, Funada R, Katayama Y, Kitano H. DWARF50 (D50), a rice (Oryza sativa L.) gene encoding inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase, is required for proper development of intercalary meristem. Plant Cell Environ 2012; 35:2031-44. [PMID: 22574770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice internodes are vital for supporting high-yield panicles, which are controlled by various factors such as cell division, cell elongation and cell wall biosynthesis. Therefore, formation and regulation of the internode cell-producing intercalary meristem (IM) are important for determining the shape of internodes. To understand the regulation of internode development, we analysed a rice dwarf mutant, dwarf 50 (d50). Previously, we reported that parenchyma cells in the elongated internodes of d50 ectopically deposit cell wall phenolics. In this study, we revealed that D50 encodes putative inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5PTase), which may be involved in phosphoinositide signalling required for many essential cellular functions, such as cytoskeleton organization, endocytosis and vesicular trafficking in eukaryotes. Analysis of the rice genome revealed 20 putative 5PTases including D50. The d50 mutation induced abnormally oriented cell division, irregular deposition of cell wall pectins and thick actin bundles in the parenchyma cells of the IM, resulting in abnormally organized cell files of the internode parenchyma and dwarf phenotype. Our results suggest that the putative 5PTase, encoded by D50, is essential for IM formation, including the direction of cell division, deposition of cell wall pectins and control of actin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Sato-Izawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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21
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McIntire LBJ, Berman DE, Myaeng J, Staniszewski A, Arancio O, Di Paolo G, Kim TW. Reduction of synaptojanin 1 ameliorates synaptic and behavioral impairments in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2012; 32:15271-6. [PMID: 23115165 PMCID: PMC3711720 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2034-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have correlated increased levels of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) with neuropathological progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and transgenic models. Aβ precipitates synaptic and neuronal anomalies by perturbing intracellular signaling, which, in turn, may underlie cognitive impairment. Aβ also alters lipid metabolism, notably causing a deficiency of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)], a phospholipid that regulates critical neuronal functions. Haploinsufficiency of the gene encoding synaptojanin 1 (Synj1), a major PI(4,5)P(2) phosphatase in the brain, provided protection against PI(4,5)P(2) breakdown and electrophysiological deficits attributable to Aβ. Based on these data, we tested whether reduction of Synj1 could rescue cognitive deficits and Aβ-induced morphological alterations of synapses. We found that hemizygous deletion of Synj1 in the context of a mouse model expressing the Swedish mutant of amyloid precursor protein rescues deficits in learning and memory without affecting amyloid load. Synj1 heterozygosity also rescued PI(4,5)P(2) deficiency in a synaptosome-enriched fraction from the brain of Tg2576 mice. Genetic disruption of Synj1 attenuated Aβ oligomer-induced changes in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons, sparing mature spine classes, which corroborates the protective role for Synj1 reduction against Aβ insult at the synapse. These results indicate that Synj1 reduction ameliorates AD-associated behavioral and synaptic deficits, providing evidence that Synj1 and, more generally, phosphoinositide metabolism may be promising therapeutic targets. Our work expands on recent studies identifying lipid metabolism and lipid-modifying enzymes as targets of AD-associated synaptic and behavioral impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth J. McIntire
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Diego E. Berman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jennifer Myaeng
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Agnieszka Staniszewski
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Tae-Wan Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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22
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Vacher J. [Inositol phosphatase and bone mass: role of INPP4b]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:152-3. [PMID: 22377302 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012282012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Zhu P, Li X, Li Z. [Roles of phosphatases in pathogen infection: a review]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2012; 28:154-163. [PMID: 22667118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatases play a key role not only in cell physiological functions of an organism, but also in host-pathogen interactions. Many studies demonstrated that some Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria could evade host immunity and promote pathogenicity by injecting phosphatases into host cells through type III secretion system. However, there were few reports about pathogenic fungi evading the immunity of hosts. Our researches indicated that the entomogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae could dephosphorylate the signal transduction substance of locust humoral immunity specifically in vitro by secreting extracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase, which implied that the fungus might interfere with the immune defense of locust. To provide reference for further studies of the functions of phosphatases, we reviewed the types of phosphatases and their roles in pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhu
- Laboratory of Soil Mineral-Organic-Biological Interfacial Interaction, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Abstract
The mitosis-to-interphase transition involves dramatic cellular reorganization from a state that supports chromosome segregation to a state that complies with all functions of an interphase cell. This process, termed mitotic exit, depends on the removal of mitotic phosphorylations from a broad range of substrates. Mitotic exit regulation involves inactivation of mitotic kinases and activation of counteracting protein phosphatases. The key mitotic exit phosphatase in budding yeast, Cdc14, is now well understood. By contrast, in animal cells, it is now emerging that mitotic exit relies on distinct regulatory networks, including the protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wurzenberger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), HPM D11.3, Schafmattstrasse 18, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Maeda Y. [Regulation of intracellular protein transport and localization by GPI-anchor through its structural remodeling]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:130-135. [PMID: 21404647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Maeda
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Igarashi T. [Dent disease]. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 2011; 53:146-149. [PMID: 21516696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Hamilton MJ, Ho VW, Kuroda E, Ruschmann J, Antignano F, Lam V, Krystal G. Role of SHIP in cancer. Exp Hematol 2010; 39:2-13. [PMID: 21056081 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase, SHIP (or SHIP1), is a hematopoietic-restricted phosphatidylinositide phosphatase that translocates to the plasma membrane after extracellular stimulation and hydrolyzes the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-generated second messenger PI-3,4,5-P(3) to PI-3,4-P(2). As a result, SHIP dampens down PI-3,4,5-P(3)-mediated signaling and represses the proliferation, differentiation, survival, activation, and migration of hematopoietic cells. There are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that SHIP may act as a tumor suppressor during leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis. Because of its ability to skew macrophage progenitors toward M1 macrophages and naïve T cells toward T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells, SHIP may play a critical role in activating the immune system to eradicate solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss the role of SHIP in hematopoietic cells and its therapeutic potential in terms of suppressing leukemias and lymphomas and manipulating the immune system to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa J Hamilton
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Vilasi A, Capasso G. Proteomics and tubulopathies. J Nephrol 2010; 23 Suppl 16:S221-S227. [PMID: 21170884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last thirty decade, with the emergence of new trends in molecular biology and advances in high-throughput technologies, much progress has been made in basic renal physiology. Molecular genetics has allowed the identification and elucidation of the structure, function and effects of the mutations of several of the main transporters and ion channels involved in renal disorders. Some renal stone disorders, such as cystinuria and Dent's disease, have been found to be due to mutations in genes SLC3A1 (type I) (See the section "Molecular biology and genotype-phenotype correlation in tubular dysfunction") and SLC7A9 (type II and type III), (See the section "Molecular biology and genotype-phenotype correlation in tubular dysfunction") and in CLC5, respectively. Liddle syndrome, a rare cause of hypertension, is now known to be caused by a mutation in tubular transport, due to a mutation in the SCNN1B gene, encoding for a Na+ channel protein (ENaC). Nevertheless, numerous issues remain unsettled and warrant additional research. These important advances and discoveries are not without limitations and challenges as changes in individual gene expression do not always translate into changes in its protein or protein modification. This raises proteomics as the most logical next step in our understanding of biological processes, as proteins from these deregulated genes are the functional agents in the cells. Proteomics takes a global and comprehensive view of a system, involving in many cases some notion of high throughput; but in contrast to genomics, there is no single biochemical method that can be used for the analysis of all proteins. Genomics and proteomics can complement each other in clinical applications by balancing the strengths and weaknesses of each individual technology. Several proteomics approaches have been exploited to shed more light on the molecular pathophysiology of several hereditary tubular disorders, such as Fanconi and Gitelman syndromes, and have provided important insights into the defective molecular mechanisms underlying these tubulopathies. Here we summarize several of the most important discoveries arising from molecular genetic and proteomic studies on hereditary tubular dysfunctions and show how these results can complement each other to increase our comprehension of these disorders at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Vilasi
- Division of Nephrology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Hyvönen ME, Saurus P, Wasik A, Heikkilä E, Havana M, Trokovic R, Saleem M, Holthöfer H, Lehtonen S. Lipid phosphatase SHIP2 downregulates insulin signalling in podocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 328:70-9. [PMID: 20654688 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Podocytes are insulin-responsive and can develop insulin resistance, but the mechanisms are unknown. To study the role of CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) in podocyte injury, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening on a glomerular library, and found that CD2AP bound to SH2-domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2), a negative regulator of insulin signalling. SHIP2 interacts with CD2AP in glomeruli and is expressed in podocytes, where it translocates to plasma membrane after insulin stimulation. Overexpression of SHIP2 in cultured podocytes reduces Akt activation in response to insulin, and promotes apoptosis. SHIP2 is upregulated in glomeruli of insulin resistant obese Zucker rats. These results indicate that SHIP2 downregulates insulin signalling in podocytes. The upregulation of SHIP2 in Zucker rat glomeruli prior to the age of onset of proteinuria suggests a possible role for SHIP2 in the development of podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi E Hyvönen
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Tindall MJ, Porter SL, Maini PK, Armitage JP. Modeling chemotaxis reveals the role of reversed phosphotransfer and a bi-functional kinase-phosphatase. PLoS Comput Biol 2010; 6. [PMID: 20808885 PMCID: PMC2924250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how multiple signals are integrated in living cells to produce a balanced response is a major challenge in biology. Two-component signal transduction pathways, such as bacterial chemotaxis, comprise histidine protein kinases (HPKs) and response regulators (RRs). These are used to sense and respond to changes in the environment. Rhodobacter sphaeroides has a complex chemosensory network with two signaling clusters, each containing a HPK, CheA. Here we demonstrate, using a mathematical model, how the outputs of the two signaling clusters may be integrated. We use our mathematical model supported by experimental data to predict that: (1) the main RR controlling flagellar rotation, CheY6, aided by its specific phosphatase, the bifunctional kinase CheA3, acts as a phosphate sink for the other RRs; and (2) a phosphorelay pathway involving CheB2 connects the cytoplasmic cluster kinase CheA3 with the polar localised kinase CheA2, and allows CheA3-P to phosphorylate non-cognate chemotaxis RRs. These two mechanisms enable the bifunctional kinase/phosphatase activity of CheA3 to integrate and tune the sensory output of each signaling cluster to produce a balanced response. The signal integration mechanisms identified here may be widely used by other bacteria, since like R. sphaeroides, over 50% of chemotactic bacteria have multiple cheA homologues and need to integrate signals from different sources. Chemotactic bacteria sense nutrient gradients and swim towards better environments for growth. A cluster of receptors in the cell membrane detects nutrient levels and signals via a cytoplasmic signaling pathway to the flagellum. The complexity of this signaling pathway varies across different bacterial species. The relatively simple pathway used by Escherichia coli is well understood; however, many bacteria, for example Rhodobacter sphaeroides, have more sophisticated pathways that, as well as being able to detect nutrients, are also able to assess the metabolic state of the cell. The receptors that detect metabolic state are located within an additional cluster that is physically distinct from the one that senses nutrients. In this work, we use a combination of experimentation and mathematical modeling to gain insight into the complex decision-making mechanisms that enable bacteria to weigh-up different stimuli and decide upon an appropriate response. We find novel communication mechanisms between the two signaling clusters that allow the outputs of the signaling pathways to be balanced and tuned according to the prevailing environmental conditions. The signaling principles identified here are likely to be used in other complex sensory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. Tindall
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MJT); (SLP)
| | - Steven L. Porter
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MJT); (SLP)
| | - Philip K. Maini
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Judith P. Armitage
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Charlier E, Condé C, Zhang J, Deneubourg L, Di Valentin E, Rahmouni S, Chariot A, Agostinis P, Pang PC, Haslam SM, Dell A, Penninger J, Erneux C, Piette J, Gloire G. SHIP-1 inhibits CD95/APO-1/Fas-induced apoptosis in primary T lymphocytes and T leukemic cells by promoting CD95 glycosylation independently of its phosphatase activity. Leukemia 2010; 24:821-32. [PMID: 20147977 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SHIP-1 (SH2 (Src homology 2)-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase-1) functions as a negative regulator of immune responses by hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate generated by phosphoinositide-3 (PI 3)-kinase activity. As a result, SHIP-1 deficiency in mice results in myeloproliferation and B-cell lymphoma. On the other hand, SHIP-1-deficient mice have a reduced T-cell population, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this work, we hypothesized that SHIP-1 plays anti-apoptotic functions in T cells upon stimulation of the death receptor CD95/APO-1/Fas. Using primary T cells from SHIP-1(-/-) mice and T leukemic cell lines, we report that SHIP-1 is a potent inhibitor of CD95-induced death. We observed that a small fraction of the SHIP-1 pool is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in which it promotes CD95 glycosylation. This post-translational modification requires an intact SH2 domain of SHIP-1, but is independent of its phosphatase activity. The glycosylated CD95 fails to oligomerize upon stimulation, resulting in impaired death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and downstream apoptotic cascade. These results uncover an unanticipated inhibitory function for SHIP-1 and emphasize the role of glycosylation in the regulation of CD95 signaling in T cells. This work may also provide a new basis for therapeutic strategies using compounds inducing apoptosis through the CD95 pathway on SHIP-1-negative leukemic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Charlier
- Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Research, Signal Transduction Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Zou L, Li FQ. [SHIP2 down-regulates insulin sensitivity via inhibiting PI3-K/Akt signaling]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 2010; 41:62-64. [PMID: 21417020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Gewinner C, Wang ZC, Richardson A, Teruya-Feldstein J, Etemadmoghadam D, Bowtell D, Barretina J, Lin WM, Rameh L, Salmena L, Pandolfi PP, Cantley LC. Evidence that inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II is a tumor suppressor that inhibits PI3K signaling. Cancer Cell 2009; 16:115-25. [PMID: 19647222 PMCID: PMC2957372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report that knocking down the expression of inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B) in human epithelial cells, like knockdown of PTEN, resulted in enhanced Akt activation and anchorage-independent growth and enhanced overall motility. In xenograft experiments, overexpression of INPP4B resulted in reduced tumor growth. INPP4B preferentially hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P(2)) with no effect on phosphatidylinositol-3.4.5-triphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P(3)), suggesting that PI(3,4)P(2) and PI(3,4,5)P(3) may cooperate in Akt activation and cell transformation. Dual knockdown of INPP4B and PTEN resulted in cellular senescence. Finally, we found loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the INPP4B locus in a majority of basal-like breast cancers, as well as in a significant fraction of ovarian cancers, which correlated with lower overall patient survival, suggesting that INPP4B is a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gewinner
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, USA
| | - Zhigang C. Wang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, USA
| | - Andrea Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, USA
| | | | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A’Beckett St, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A’Beckett St, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Lucia Rameh
- Boston Biomedical Research Institute, 64 Grove Street, Watertown, USA
| | - Leonardo Salmena
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, USA
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, USA
- To whom correspondence should be sent: , phone: ++1-617-735-2632, fax: ++1-617-735-2646
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Krishna SS, Tautz L, Xu Q, McMullan D, Miller MD, Abdubek P, Ambing E, Astakhova T, Axelrod HL, Carlton D, Chiu HJ, Clayton T, DiDonato M, Duan L, Elsliger MA, Grzechnik SK, Hale J, Hampton E, Han GW, Haugen J, Jaroszewski L, Jin KK, Klock HE, Knuth MW, Koesema E, Morse AT, Mustelin T, Nigoghossian E, Oommachen S, Reyes R, Rife CL, van den Bedem H, Weekes D, White A, Hodgson KO, Wooley J, Deacon AM, Godzik A, Lesley SA, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of NMA1982 from Neisseria meningitidis at 1.5 angstroms resolution provides a structural scaffold for nonclassical, eukaryotic-like phosphatases. Proteins 2009; 69:415-21. [PMID: 17636569 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sri Krishna
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kinoshita M. [Diverse physiological functions of the septin system: the protean cytoskeleton]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2009; 54:1150-1158. [PMID: 19588878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Vernia S, Rubio T, Heredia M, de Córdoba SR, Sanz P. Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreased proteasomal function in lafora disease models lacking the phosphatase laforin. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5907. [PMID: 19529779 PMCID: PMC2692001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy (Lafora disease; LD) is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in either the EPM2A gene, encoding the dual specificity phosphatase laforin, or the EPM2B gene, encoding the E3-ubiquitin ligase malin. Previously, we and others have shown that both proteins form a functional complex that regulates glycogen synthesis by a novel mechanism involving ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of at least two proteins, glycogen synthase and R5/PTG. Since laforin and malin localized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their regulatory role likely extend to other proteins unrelated to glycogen metabolism, we postulated that their absence may also affect the ER-unfolded protein response pathway. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we demonstrate that siRNA silencing of laforin in Hek293 and SH-SY5Y cells increases their sensitivity to agents triggering ER-stress, which correlates with impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway and increased apoptosis. Consistent with these findings, analysis of tissue samples from a LD patient lacking laforin, and from a laforin knockout (Epm2a-/-) mouse model of LD, demonstrates constitutive high expression levels of ER-stress markers BIP/Grp78, CHOP and PDI, among others. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrate that, in addition to regulating glycogen synthesis, laforin and malin play a role protecting cells from ER-stress, likely contributing to the elimination of unfolded proteins. These data suggest that proteasomal dysfunction and ER-stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of LD, which may offer novel therapeutic approaches for this fatal neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vernia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pascual Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Trapani JG, Obholzer N, Mo W, Brockerhoff SE, Nicolson T. Synaptojanin1 is required for temporal fidelity of synaptic transmission in hair cells. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000480. [PMID: 19424431 PMCID: PMC2673039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To faithfully encode mechanosensory information, auditory/vestibular hair cells utilize graded synaptic vesicle (SV) release at specialized ribbon synapses. The molecular basis of SV release and consequent recycling of membrane in hair cells has not been fully explored. Here, we report that comet, a gene identified in an ENU mutagenesis screen for zebrafish larvae with vestibular defects, encodes the lipid phosphatase Synaptojanin 1 (Synj1). Examination of mutant synj1 hair cells revealed basal blebbing near ribbons that was dependent on Cav1.3 calcium channel activity but not mechanotransduction. Synaptojanin has been previously implicated in SV recycling; therefore, we tested synaptic transmission at hair-cell synapses. Recordings of post-synaptic activity in synj1 mutants showed relatively normal spike rates when hair cells were mechanically stimulated for a short period of time at 20 Hz. In contrast, a sharp decline in the rate of firing occurred during prolonged stimulation at 20 Hz or stimulation at a higher frequency of 60 Hz. The decline in spike rate suggested that fewer vesicles were available for release. Consistent with this result, we observed that stimulated mutant hair cells had decreased numbers of tethered and reserve-pool vesicles in comparison to wild-type hair cells. Furthermore, stimulation at 60 Hz impaired phase locking of the postsynaptic activity to the mechanical stimulus. Following prolonged stimulation at 60 Hz, we also found that mutant synj1 hair cells displayed a striking delay in the recovery of spontaneous activity. Collectively, the data suggest that Synj1 is critical for retrieval of membrane in order to maintain the quantity, timing of fusion, and spontaneous release properties of SVs at hair-cell ribbon synapses. Ribbon synapses are found in the ear and eye and facilitate the transmission of sensory information to the brain. In hair cells of the ear, the molecules required for ribbon function have not been fully explored. Zebrafish are ideal for investigating molecular components of these specialized synapses because of the ability to study ribbon function using genetic, cellular, and physiological methods. Here, we explore the role of the lipid phosphatase Synaptojanin at the hair cell synapse. Synaptojanin has been previously implicated in synaptic vesicle recycling in conventional synapses, and we also find that the number of synaptic vesicles are reduced in mutant synaptojanin hair cells. Mutant synaptojanin larvae have obvious equilibrium defects, and our electrophysiological recordings revealed that synaptic transmission from hair cells to neurons projecting to the brain is impaired in terms of both rate and accuracy. When stimulated at high frequency or for prolonged periods, mutant synaptojanin hair cells release vesicles out of phase with mechanical stimuli, thus compromising the transfer of sensory information to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef G. Trapani
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nikolaus Obholzer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Weike Mo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Brockerhoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Teresa Nicolson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Suchy SF, Cronin JC, Nussbaum RL. Abnormal bradykinin signalling in fibroblasts deficient in the PIP(2) 5-phosphatase, ocrl1. J Inherit Metab Dis 2009; 32:280-8. [PMID: 19172411 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-1058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (Lowe syndrome) is an X-linked disorder of phosphatidylinositol metabolism characterized by congenital cataracts, renal proximal tubulopathy and neurological deficits. The disorder is due to the deficiency of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) 5-phosphatase, ocrl1. PIP(2) is critical for numerous cellular processes, including cell signalling, actin reorganization and protein trafficking, and is chronically elevated in patients with Lowe syndrome. The elevation of PIP(2) cells of patients with Lowe syndrome provides the unique opportunity to investigate the roles of this phospholipid in fundamental cellular processes. We previously demonstrated that ocrl1 deficiency causes alterations in the actin cytoskeleton. Since actin remodelling is strongly activated by [Ca(+2)], which increases in response to IP(3) production, we hypothesized that altered calcium signalling might contribute to the observed abnormalities in actin organization. Here we report a specific increase in bradykinin-induced Ca(+2) mobilization in Lowe fibroblasts. We show that the abnormal bradykinin signalling occurs in spite of normal total cellular receptor content. These data point to a novel role for ocrl1 in agonist-induced calcium release.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Suchy
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Yang L, Luo JM, Liu XJ, Wen SP, Du XY, Yao L. [Inhibitory effect of lentiviral vector-mediated SHIP gene transfection on proliferation of leukemia K562 cells and PI3K/Akt pathway regulation]. Ai Zheng 2009; 28:366-372. [PMID: 19622295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The hemopoietic-restricted Src homology 2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase (SHIP) acts as a negative regulator for the proliferation and survival of hematopoietic cells by hydrolysing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-generated second messenger, PtdIns(3,4,5)-P3 (PI-3,4,5-P3) to PtdIns(3,4)-P2 (PI-3,4-P2). This study was to investigate the biological function of SHIP gene in pathogenesis of leukemia cells by lentiviral vector-mediated SHIP transfection. METHODS Ectopic SHIP gene was transfected into leukemia K562 cells by the mediation of lentiviral vector. The mRNA level of SHIP was detected by fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR). The expression of SHIP, Akt, and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) was detected by Western blot. The proliferation and morphology of K562 cells before and after SHIP gene transfection were compared. RESULTS The proliferation of K562 cells was inhibited after transfection: the proliferation inhibition rate was increased from (9.9+/-1.5)% on Day 3 to (40.6+/-2.3)% on Day 5. K562 cells were SHIP-negative but expressed high level of p-Akt which was down-regulated from 0.533 to 0.245 (P<0.01) after SHIP transfection. Apoptotic characteristics were showed in K562 cells after SHIP transfection. The early apoptosis rate was significantly higher in K562-wtSHIP-FIV-G cells than in K562-FIV-G cells and untransfected K562 cells [(38.3+/-4.3)% vs. (8.2+/-0.9)% and (7.7+/-0.8)%, P<0.05]. CONCLUSIONS SHIP gene can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis via inactivating PI3K/Akt pathway. Loss of SHIP might activate PI3K/Akt pathway and promote the proliferation of K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Midical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China
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Mostowy S, Nam Tham T, Danckaert A, Guadagnini S, Boisson-Dupuis S, Pizarro-Cerdá J, Cossart P. Septins regulate bacterial entry into host cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4196. [PMID: 19145258 PMCID: PMC2626286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Septins are conserved GTPases that form filaments and are required in many organisms for several processes including cytokinesis. We previously identified SEPT9 associated with phagosomes containing latex beads coated with the Listeria surface protein InlB. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we investigated septin function during entry of invasive bacteria in non-phagocytic mammalian cells. We found that SEPT9, and its interacting partners SEPT2 and SEPT11, are recruited as collars next to actin at the site of entry of Listeria and Shigella. SEPT2-depletion by siRNA decreased bacterial invasion, suggesting that septins have roles during particle entry. Incubating cells with InlB-coated beads confirmed an essential role for SEPT2. Moreover, SEPT2-depletion impaired InlB-mediated stimulation of Met-dependent signaling as shown by FRET. Conclusions/Significance Together these findings highlight novel roles for SEPT2, and distinguish the roles of septin and actin in bacterial entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mostowy
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - To Nam Tham
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Anne Danckaert
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme d'Imagerie Dynamique, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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42
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Schiffrin EL, Paradis P. Suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activity by angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle involves Bcr kinase: the fire that drowns the water. Circ Res 2009; 104:4-6. [PMID: 19118280 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.191155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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43
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Nakatsu F, De Camilli P. [Regulation of endocytosis by phosphoinositides]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2008; 53:2164-2169. [PMID: 21038603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fubito Nakatsu
- Department of Cell Biology & HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
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44
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Takasuga S, Sasaki T. [Phosphoinositides in membrane traffic]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2008; 53:2084-2088. [PMID: 21038589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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45
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Kamiya H. [Mutations induced by damaged DNA precursors and their prevention by nucleotide pool sanitization and DNA repair enzymes]. Seikagaku 2008; 80:413-416. [PMID: 18575227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kamiya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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46
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Chen X, Lin WH, Wang Y, Luan S, Xue HW. An inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase functions in PHOTOTROPIN1 signaling in Arabidopis by altering cytosolic Ca2+. Plant Cell 2008; 20:353-66. [PMID: 18252844 PMCID: PMC2276452 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.052670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5PTase) is a key enzyme in the phosphatidylinositol metabolic pathway, which plays critical roles in a number of cellular processes in plants. Our previous work implicated the role of 5PTase13, which encodes a WD40-containing type II 5PTase, in hormone-mediated cotyledon vein development. Here, we show that 5PTase13 is also involved in blue light responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with that in darkness, the expression of 5PTase13 was suppressed by blue light irradiation, and disruption of the gene resulted in shortened hypocotyls and expanded cotyledons. Genetic analysis showed that 5PTase13 acted independently from CRYPTOCHROME1 and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 but interacted functionally with PHOTOTROPIN1 (PHOT1). The expression level of 5PTase13 was significantly enhanced in phot1 single or phot1 phot2 double mutants under blue light, and suppression of 5PTase13 expression rescued the elongated hypocotyls in the phot1 or phot1 phot2 mutants. Further analysis showed that the blue light-induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ was inhibited in the phot1 mutant but enhanced in the 5pt13 mutant, suggesting that 5PTase13 antagonizes PHOT1-mediated effects on calcium signaling under blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science-University of California Berkeley Center of Molecular Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20032 Shanghai, China
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47
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Horan KA, Watanabe KI, Kong AM, Bailey CG, Rasko JEJ, Sasaki T, Mitchell CA. Regulation of FcγR-stimulated phagocytosis by the 72-kDa inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase: SHIP1, but not the 72-kDa 5-phosphatase, regulates complement receptor 3–mediated phagocytosis by differential recruitment of these 5-phosphatases to the phagocytic cup. Blood 2007; 110:4480-91. [PMID: 17682126 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-073874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages phagocytose particles to resolve infections and remove apoptotic cells. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase generates phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] is restricted to the phagocytic cup, promoting phagocytosis. The PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase (5-ptase) Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) inhibits phagocytosis. We report here that another PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-5-ptase, the 72-kDa-5-phosphatase (72-5ptase), inhibits Fcγ receptor (FcγR)– but not complement receptor 3 (CR3)–mediated phagocytosis, affecting pseudopod extension and phagosome closure. In contrast, SHIP1 inhibited FcγR and CR3 phagocytosis with greater effects on CR3-stimulated phagocytosis. The 72-5ptase and SHIP1 were both dynamically recruited to FcγR-stimulated phagocytic cups, but only SHIP1 was recruited to CR3-stimulated phagocytic cups. To determine whether 5-ptases focally degrade PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the phagocytic cup after specific stimuli, time-lapse imaging of specific biosensors was performed. Transfection of dominant-negative 72-5ptase or 72-5ptase small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in amplified and prolonged PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the phagocytic cup in response to FcγR- but not CR3-stimulation. In contrast, macrophages from Ship1−/−/AktPH-GFP transgenic mice exhibited increased and sustained PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the cup in response to CR3 activation, with minimal changes to FcγR activation. Therefore, 72-5ptase and SHIP1 exhibit specificity in regulating FcγR- versus CR3-stimulated phagocytosis by controlling the amplitude and duration of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the phagocytic cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy A Horan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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48
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Grondard C, Biondi O, Pariset C, Lopes P, Deforges S, Lécolle S, Gaspera BD, Gallien CL, Chanoine C, Charbonnier F. Exercise-induced modulation of calcineurin activity parallels the time course of myofibre transitions. J Cell Physiol 2007; 214:126-35. [PMID: 17559060 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study establishes a causal link between the limitation of myofibre transitions and modulation of calcineurin activity, during different exercise paradigms. We have designed a new swimming-based training protocol in order to draw a comparison between a high frequency and amplitude exercise (swimming) and low frequency and amplitude exercise (running). We initially analysed the time course of muscle adaptations to a 6- or 12-week swimming- or running-based training exercise program, on two muscles of the mouse calf, the slow-twitch soleus and the fast-twitch plantaris. The magnitude of exercise-induced muscle plasticity proved to be dependent on both the muscle type and the exercise paradigm. In contrast to the running-based training which generated a continuous increase of the slow phenotype throughout a 12-week training program, swimming induced transitions to a slower phenotype which ended after 6 weeks of training. We then compared the time course of the exercise-induced changes in calcineurin activity during muscle adaptation to training. Both exercises induced an initial activation followed by the inhibition of calcineurin. In the muscles of animals submitted to a 12-week swimming-based training, this inhibition was concomitant with the end of myofibre transition. Calcineurin inhibition was a consequence of the inhibition of its catalytic subunit gene expression on one hand, and of the expression increase of the modulatory calcineurin interacting proteins 1 gene (MCIP1), on the other. The present study provides the first experimental cues for an interpretation of muscle phenotypic variation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Grondard
- Université Paris Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie des Réseaux Sensorimoteurs, UMR 7060 CNRS, Equipe Biologie du Développement et de la Différenciation Neuromusculaire, Paris Cedex, France
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Kogo S, Ishida-Kitagawa N, Takeya T, Yogo K. [Functional analysis of newly identified c-Src-binding proteins in osteoclastogenesis]. Nihon Rinsho 2007; 65 Suppl 9:85-89. [PMID: 18161087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kogo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
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50
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Kato Y, Uzawa K, Yamamoto N, Kouzu Y, Koike H, Shiiba M, Bukawa H, Yokoe H, Shibahara T, Tanzawa H. Overexpression of Septin1: possible contribution to the development of oral cancer. Int J Oncol 2007; 31:1021-8. [PMID: 17912427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study using proteomic profiling demonstrated significant up-regulation of Septin1, a conserved family of GTPase proteins, in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived cell lines. In the current study, to determine the potential involvement of Septin1 in oral carcinogenesis, we evaluated the state of septin1 protein/mRNA expression in OSCC-derived cell lines, oral premalignant lesions (OPLs), and primary OSCCs. A significant (P<0.05) increase in Septin1 expression was evident in all OSCC-derived cell lines examined compared to human normal oral keratinocytes (HNOKs) and OPLs. In immunohistochemistry, while the vast majority of the OSCCs (89%) were positive for Septin1, no immunoreaction was observed in corresponding normal tissues and OPLs. In addition, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) data were consistent with the protein expression status. These results suggest that Septin1 expression could contribute to cancer progression, proliferation, or both, and that Septin1 may be a potential diagnostic marker of highly active cancer and a therapeutic target for OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Kato
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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