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Posner A, Sivakumaran T, Pattison A, Etemadmoghadam D, Thio N, Wood C, Fisher K, Webb S, DeFazio A, Wilcken N, Gao B, Karapetis CS, Singh M, Collins IM, Richardson G, Steer C, Warren M, Karanth N, Fellowes A, Fox SB, Hicks RJ, Schofield P, Bowtell D, Prall OWJ, Tothill RW, Mileshkin L. Immune and genomic biomarkers of immunotherapy response in cancer of unknown primary. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005809. [PMID: 36720497 PMCID: PMC10098268 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous group of metastatic cancers where a primary tissue of origin (TOO) is uncertain. Most patients with CUP have limited treatment options and poor survival outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can be efficacious in some patients with CUP, but the optimal predictive biomarkers are unknown. We therefore assessed immune and genomic biomarkers as well as predicted TOO in patients with CUP, including a subset treated with ICIs. METHODS Patients with CUP were subject to gene-expression profiling (GEP) and DNA panel sequencing. Immune and stromal-related gene expression was explored by NanoString, including genes associated with immunotherapy response (IR) in other solid malignancies. ICI responsive cancer types were assigned based on Food and Drug Administration-approved indications, and either detection of a latent primary tumor or the TOO was suspected based on genomics informed pathology review. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) and gene mutations were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 219 patients with CUP were included, 215 assessed for TOO in a previous study, with the majority (163) receiving both RNA and DNA tests. Of GEP profiled cases, 33% (59/175) had a high IR gene-expression score. Of the DNA sequenced cases, 16% (32/203) had high TMB (>10 mutations/Mb), including two with mismatch repair deficiency. Low correlation was observed between TMB and an IR score (R=0.26, p<0.001). Among 110 CUPs with a latent primary or suspected TOO, 47% (52/110) belonged to ICI-responsive cancer types. More than half of the CUPs had at least one feature that may predict ICI response (high IR score, high TMB, ICI-responsive cancer type). Among patients with CUP treated with ICIs, 8/28 (29%) responded (2 complete responses and 6 partial responses). Among non-responders, 9 had stable and 11 had progressive disease. All responders had a high IR score (7/8) and/or high TMB (3/8), while most (5/8) belonged to ICI-responsive cancer types. These features were detected at a lower frequency in non-responders and mostly in patients with stable disease. CONCLUSIONS A significant fraction of CUP tumors had genomic features previously associated with ICI response. High IR score was the most sensitive predictive feature of ICI response, warranting evaluation in a larger patient series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atara Posner
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tharani Sivakumaran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Pattison
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Niko Thio
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Wood
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Krista Fisher
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Webb
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Wilcken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Hospital The Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Hospital The Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christos S Karapetis
- Department of Medical Oncology and Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Madhu Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barwon Health Cancer Services, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian M Collins
- Department of Medical Oncology and SouthWest HealthCare, Deakin University - Warrnambool Campus, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Richardson
- Medical Oncology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Steer
- Border Medical Oncology, Albury Wodonga Regional Cancer Centre, Albury, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Warren
- Medical Oncology, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Narayan Karanth
- Division of Medicine, Top End Health and Hospital Services, Alan Walker Cancer Centre, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew Fellowes
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- St Vincent's Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope Schofield
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Health Services Research and Implementation Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Bowtell
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Owen W J Prall
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard William Tothill
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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D, Lee D, Lee EA, Lee HJ, Lee JJK, Lee JY, Lee J, Lee MTM, Lee-Six H, Lehmann KV, Lehrach H, Lenze D, Leonard CR, Leongamornlert DA, Leshchiner I, Letourneau L, Letunic I, Levine DA, Lewis L, Ley T, Li C, Li CH, Li HI, Li J, Li L, Li S, Li S, Li X, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Liang H, Liang SB, Lichter P, Lin P, Lin Z, Linehan WM, Lingjærde OC, Liu D, Liu EM, Liu FFF, Liu F, Liu J, Liu X, Livingstone J, Livitz D, Livni N, Lochovsky L, Loeffler M, Long GV, Lopez-Guillermo A, Lou S, Louis DN, Lovat LB, Lu Y, Lu YJ, Lu Y, Luchini C, Lungu I, Luo X, Luxton HJ, Lynch AG, Lype L, López C, López-Otín C, Ma EZ, Ma Y, MacGrogan G, MacRae S, Macintyre G, Madsen T, Maejima K, Mafficini A, Maglinte DT, Maitra A, Majumder PP, Malcovati L, Malikic S, Malleo G, Mann GJ, Mantovani-Löffler L, Marchal K, Marchegiani G, Mardis ER, Margolin AA, Marin MG, Markowetz F, Markowski J, Marks J, Marques-Bonet T, Marra MA, Marsden L, Martens JWM, Martin S, Martin-Subero JI, Martincorena I, Martinez-Fundichely A, Maruvka YE, Mashl RJ, Massie CE, Matthew TJ, Matthews L, Mayer E, Mayes S, Mayo M, Mbabaali F, McCune K, McDermott U, McGillivray PD, McLellan MD, McPherson JD, McPherson JR, McPherson TA, Meier SR, Meng A, Meng S, Menzies A, Merrett ND, Merson S, Meyerson M, Meyerson W, Mieczkowski PA, Mihaiescu GL, Mijalkovic S, Mikkelsen T, Milella M, Mileshkin L, Miller CA, Miller DK, Miller JK, Mills GB, Milovanovic A, Minner S, Miotto M, Arnau GM, Mirabello L, Mitchell C, Mitchell TJ, Miyano S, Miyoshi N, Mizuno S, Molnár-Gábor F, Moore MJ, Moore RA, Morganella S, Morris QD, Morrison C, Mose LE, Moser CD, Muiños F, Mularoni L, Mungall AJ, Mungall K, Musgrove EA, Mustonen V, Mutch D, Muyas F, Muzny DM, Muñoz A, Myers J, Myklebost O, Möller P, Nagae G, Nagrial AM, Nahal-Bose HK, Nakagama H, Nakagawa H, Nakamura H, Nakamura T, Nakano K, Nandi T, Nangalia J, Nastic M, Navarro A, Navarro FCP, Neal DE, Nettekoven G, Newell F, Newhouse SJ, Newton Y, Ng AWT, Ng A, Nicholson J, Nicol D, Nie Y, Nielsen GP, Nielsen MM, Nik-Zainal S, Noble MS, Nones K, Northcott PA, Notta F, O’Connor BD, O’Donnell P, O’Donovan M, O’Meara S, O’Neill BP, O’Neill JR, Ocana D, Ochoa A, Oesper L, Ogden C, Ohdan H, Ohi K, Ohno-Machado L, Oien KA, Ojesina AI, Ojima H, Okusaka T, Omberg L, Ong CK, Ossowski S, Ott G, Ouellette BFF, P’ng C, Paczkowska M, Paiella S, Pairojkul C, Pajic M, Pan-Hammarström Q, Papaemmanuil E, Papatheodorou I, Paramasivam N, Park JW, Park JW, Park K, Park K, Park PJ, Parker JS, Parsons SL, Pass H, Pasternack D, Pastore A, Patch AM, Pauporté I, Pea A, Pearson JV, Pedamallu CS, Pedersen JS, Pederzoli P, Peifer M, Pennell NA, Perou CM, Perry MD, Petersen GM, Peto M, Petrelli N, Petryszak R, Pfister SM, Phillips M, Pich O, Pickett HA, Pihl TD, Pillay N, Pinder S, Pinese M, Pinho AV. Author Correction: The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers. Nature 2023; 614:E42. [PMID: 36697833 PMCID: PMC9931577 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gerstung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK. .,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Clemency Jolly
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ignaty Leshchiner
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Stefan C. Dentro
- grid.10306.340000 0004 0606 5382Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Santiago Gonzalez
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Rosebrock
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Thomas J. Mitchell
- grid.10306.340000 0004 0606 5382Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yulia Rubanova
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Pavana Anur
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Kaixian Yu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- grid.10306.340000 0004 0606 5382Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Amit Deshwar
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Jeff Wintersinger
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Kortine Kleinheinz
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Vázquez-García
- grid.10306.340000 0004 0606 5382Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerstin Haase
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lara Jerman
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK ,grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Subhajit Sengupta
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Geoff Macintyre
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Salem Malikic
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia Canada ,grid.412541.70000 0001 0684 7796Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Nilgun Donmez
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia Canada ,grid.412541.70000 0001 0684 7796Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Dimitri G. Livitz
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Marek Cmero
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XUniversity of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.1042.70000 0004 0432 4889Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Schumacher
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Yu Fan
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Xiaotong Yao
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.429884.b0000 0004 1791 0895New York Genome Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Juhee Lee
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul C. Boutros
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XOntario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - David D. Bowtell
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gad Getz
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.429884.b0000 0004 1791 0895New York Genome Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - S. Cenk Sahinalp
- grid.412541.70000 0001 0684 7796Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada ,grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XIndiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Yuan Ji
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Martin Peifer
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Markowetz
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ville Mustonen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ke Yuan
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wenyi Wang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Quaid D. Morris
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | | | - Paul T. Spellman
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - David C. Wedge
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.454382.c0000 0004 7871 7212Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. .,University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Calabrese C, Davidson NR, Demircioğlu D, Fonseca NA, He Y, Kahles A, Lehmann KV, Liu F, Shiraishi Y, Soulette CM, Urban L, Greger L, Li S, Liu D, Perry MD, Xiang Q, Zhang F, Zhang J, Bailey P, Erkek S, Hoadley KA, Hou Y, Huska MR, Kilpinen H, Korbel JO, Marin MG, Markowski J, Nandi T, Pan-Hammarström Q, Pedamallu CS, Siebert R, Stark SG, Su H, Tan P, Waszak SM, Yung C, Zhu S, Awadalla P, Creighton CJ, Meyerson M, Ouellette BFF, Wu K, Yang H, Brazma A, Brooks AN, Göke J, Rätsch G, Schwarz RF, Stegle O, Zhang Z, Wu K, Yang H, Fonseca NA, Kahles A, Lehmann KV, Urban L, Soulette CM, Shiraishi Y, Liu F, He Y, Demircioğlu D, Davidson NR, Calabrese C, Zhang J, Perry MD, Xiang Q, Greger L, Li S, Liu D, Stark SG, Zhang F, Amin SB, Bailey P, Chateigner A, Cortés-Ciriano I, Craft B, Erkek S, Frenkel-Morgenstern M, Goldman M, Hoadley KA, Hou Y, Huska MR, Khurana E, Kilpinen H, Korbel JO, Lamaze FC, Li C, Li X, Li X, Liu X, Marin MG, Markowski J, Nandi T, Nielsen MM, Ojesina AI, Pan-Hammarström Q, Park PJ, Pedamallu CS, Pedersen JS, Pederzoli P, Peifer M, Pennell NA, Perou CM, Perry MD, Petersen GM, Peto M, Petrelli N, Pedamallu CS, Petryszak R, Pfister SM, Phillips M, Pich O, Pickett HA, Pihl TD, Pillay N, Pinder S, Pinese M, Pinho AV, Pedersen JS, Pitkänen E, Pivot X, Piñeiro-Yáñez E, Planko L, Plass C, Polak P, Pons T, Popescu I, Potapova O, Prasad A, Siebert R, Preston SR, Prinz M, Pritchard AL, Prokopec SD, Provenzano E, Puente XS, Puig S, Puiggròs M, Pulido-Tamayo S, Pupo GM, Su H, Purdie CA, Quinn MC, Rabionet R, Rader JS, Radlwimmer B, Radovic P, Raeder B, Raine KM, Ramakrishna M, Ramakrishnan K, Tan P, Ramalingam S, Raphael BJ, Rathmell WK, Rausch T, Reifenberger G, Reimand J, Reis-Filho J, Reuter V, Reyes-Salazar I, Reyna MA, Teh BT, Reynolds SM, Rheinbay E, Riazalhosseini Y, Richardson AL, Richter J, Ringel M, Ringnér M, Rino Y, Rippe K, Roach J, Wang J, Roberts LR, Roberts ND, Roberts SA, Robertson AG, Robertson AJ, Rodriguez JB, Rodriguez-Martin B, Rodríguez-González FG, Roehrl MHA, Rohde M, Waszak SM, Rokutan H, Romieu G, Rooman I, Roques T, Rosebrock D, Rosenberg M, Rosenstiel PC, Rosenwald A, Rowe EW, Royo R, Xiong H, Rozen SG, Rubanova Y, Rubin MA, Rubio-Perez C, Rudneva VA, Rusev BC, Ruzzenente A, Rätsch G, Sabarinathan R, Sabelnykova VY, Yakneen S, Sadeghi S, Sahinalp SC, Saini N, Saito-Adachi M, Saksena G, Salcedo A, Salgado R, Salichos L, Sallari R, Saller C, Ye C, Salvia R, Sam M, Samra JS, Sanchez-Vega F, Sander C, Sanders G, Sarin R, Sarrafi I, Sasaki-Oku A, Sauer T, Yung C, Sauter G, Saw RPM, Scardoni M, Scarlett CJ, Scarpa A, Scelo G, Schadendorf D, Schein JE, Schilhabel MB, Schlesner M, Zhang X, Schlomm T, Schmidt HK, Schramm SJ, Schreiber S, Schultz N, Schumacher SE, Schwarz RF, Scolyer RA, Scott D, Scully R, Zheng L, Seethala R, Segre AV, Selander I, Semple CA, Senbabaoglu Y, Sengupta S, Sereni E, Serra S, Sgroi DC, Shackleton M, Zhu J, Shah NC, Shahabi S, Shang CA, Shang P, Shapira O, Shelton T, Shen C, Shen H, Shepherd R, Shi R, Zhu S, Shi Y, Shiah YJ, Shibata T, Shih J, Shimizu E, Shimizu K, Shin SJ, Shiraishi Y, Shmaya T, Shmulevich I, Awadalla P, Shorser SI, Short C, Shrestha R, Shringarpure SS, Shriver C, Shuai S, Sidiropoulos N, Siebert R, Sieuwerts AM, Sieverling L, Creighton CJ, Signoretti S, Sikora KO, Simbolo M, Simon R, Simons JV, Simpson JT, Simpson PT, Singer S, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Sipahimalani P, Meyerson M, Skelly TJ, Smid M, Smith J, Smith-McCune K, Socci ND, Sofia HJ, Soloway MG, Song L, Sood AK, Sothi S, Ouellette BFF, Sotiriou C, Soulette CM, Span PN, Spellman PT, Sperandio N, Spillane AJ, Spiro O, Spring J, Staaf J, Stadler PF, Wu K, Staib P, Stark SG, Stebbings L, Stefánsson ÓA, Stegle O, Stein LD, Stenhouse A, Stewart C, Stilgenbauer S, Stobbe MD, Yang H, Stratton MR, Stretch JR, Struck AJ, Stuart JM, Stunnenberg HG, Su H, Su X, Sun RX, Sungalee S, Susak H, Göke J, Suzuki A, Sweep F, Szczepanowski M, Sültmann H, Yugawa T, Tam A, Tamborero D, Tan BKT, Tan D, Tan P, 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Viksna J, Göke J, Vilain RE, Villasante I, Vincent-Salomon A, Visakorpi T, Voet D, Vyas P, Vázquez-García I, Waddell NM, Waddell N, Wadelius C, Rätsch G, Wadi L, Wagener R, Wala JA, Wang J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Schwarz RF, Waring PM, Warnatz HJ, Warrell J, Warren AY, Waszak SM, Wedge DC, Weichenhan D, Weinberger P, Weinstein JN, Weischenfeldt J, Stegle O, Weisenberger DJ, Welch I, Wendl MC, Werner J, Whalley JP, Wheeler DA, Whitaker HC, Wigle D, Wilkerson MD, Williams A, Zhang Z, Wilmott JS, Wilson GW, Wilson JM, Wilson RK, Winterhoff B, Wintersinger JA, Wiznerowicz M, Wolf S, Wong BH, Wong T, Aaltonen LA, Wong W, Woo Y, Wood S, Wouters BG, Wright AJ, Wright DW, Wright MH, Wu CL, Wu DY, Wu G, Abascal F, Wu J, Wu K, Wu Y, Wu Z, Xi L, Xia T, Xiang Q, Xiao X, Xing R, Xiong H, Abeshouse A, Xu Q, Xu Y, Xue H, Yachida S, Yakneen S, Yamaguchi R, Yamaguchi TN, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto S, Yamaue H, Aburatani H, Yang F, Yang H, Yang JY, Yang L, Yang L, Yang S, Yang TP, Yang Y, Yao X, Yaspo ML, Adams DJ, Yates L, Yau C, Ye C, Ye K, Yellapantula VD, Yoon CJ, Yoon SS, Yousif F, Yu J, Yu K, Agrawal N, Yu W, Yu Y, Yuan K, Yuan Y, Yuen D, Yung CK, Zaikova O, Zamora J, Zapatka M, Zenklusen JC, Ahn KS, Zenz T, Zeps N, Zhang CZ, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Ahn SM, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Zheng L, Zheng X, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Zhu B, Aikata H, Zhu H, Zhu J, Zhu S, Zou L, Zou X, deFazio A, van As N, van Deurzen CHM, van de Vijver MJ, van’t Veer L, Akbani R, von Mering C, Akdemir KC, Al-Ahmadie H, Al-Sedairy ST, Al-Shahrour F, Alawi M, Albert M, Aldape K, Alexandrov LB, Ally A, Alsop K, Alvarez EG, Amary F, Amin SB, Aminou B, Ammerpohl O, Anderson MJ, Ang Y, Antonello D, Anur P, Aparicio S, Appelbaum EL, Arai Y, Aretz A, Arihiro K, Ariizumi SI, Armenia J, Arnould L, Asa S, Assenov Y, Atwal G, Aukema S, Auman JT, Aure MRR, Awadalla P, Aymerich M, Bader GD, Baez-Ortega A, Bailey MH, Bailey PJ, Balasundaram M, Balu S, Bandopadhayay P, Banks RE, Barbi S, Barbour AP, Barenboim J, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Barr H, Barrera E, Bartlett J, Bartolome J, Bassi C, Bathe OF, Baumhoer D, Bavi P, Baylin SB, Bazant W, Beardsmore D, Beck TA, Behjati S, Behren A, Niu B, Bell C, Beltran S, Benz C, Berchuck A, Bergmann AK, Bergstrom EN, Berman BP, Berney DM, Bernhart SH, Beroukhim R, Berrios M, Bersani S, Bertl J, Betancourt M, Bhandari V, Bhosle SG, Biankin AV, Bieg M, Bigner D, Binder H, Birney E, Birrer M, Biswas NK, Bjerkehagen B, Bodenheimer T, Boice L, Bonizzato G, De Bono JS, Boot A, Bootwalla MS, Borg A, Borkhardt A, Boroevich KA, Borozan I, Borst C, Bosenberg M, Bosio M, Boultwood J, Bourque G, Boutros PC, Bova GS, Bowen DT, Bowlby R, Bowtell DDL, Boyault S, Boyce R, Boyd J, Brazma A, Brennan P, Brewer DS, Brinkman AB, Bristow RG, Broaddus RR, Brock JE, Brock M, Broeks A, Brooks AN, Brooks D, Brors B, Brunak S, Bruxner TJC, Bruzos AL, Buchanan A, Buchhalter I, Buchholz C, Bullman S, Burke H, Burkhardt B, Burns KH, Busanovich J, Bustamante CD, Butler AP, Butte AJ, Byrne NJ, Børresen-Dale AL, Caesar-Johnson SJ, Cafferkey A, Cahill D, Calabrese C, Caldas C, Calvo F, Camacho N, Campbell PJ, Campo E, Cantù C, Cao S, Carey TE, Carlevaro-Fita J, Carlsen R, Cataldo I, Cazzola M, Cebon J, Cerfolio R, Chadwick DE, Chakravarty D, Chalmers D, Chan CWY, Chan K, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Chandan VS, Chang DK, Chanock SJ, Chantrill LA, Chateigner A, Chatterjee N, Chayama K, Chen HW, Chen J, Chen K, Chen Y, Chen Z, Cherniack AD, Chien J, Chiew YE, Chin SF, Cho J, Cho S, Choi JK, Choi W, Chomienne C, Chong Z, Choo SP, Chou A, Christ AN, Christie EL, Chuah E, Cibulskis C, Cibulskis K, Cingarlini S, Clapham P, Claviez A, Cleary S, Cloonan N, Cmero M, Collins CC, Connor AA, Cooke SL, Cooper CS, Cope L, Corbo V, Cordes MG, Cordner SM, Cortés-Ciriano I, Covington K, Cowin PA, Craft B, Craft D, Creighton CJ, Cun Y, Curley E, Cutcutache I, Czajka K, Czerniak B, Dagg RA, Danilova L, Davi MV, Davidson NR, Davies H, Davis IJ, 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Fong KM, Fonseca NA, Foster CS, Fox NS, Fraser M, Frazer S, Frenkel-Morgenstern M, Friedman W, Frigola J, Fronick CC, Fujimoto A, Fujita M, Fukayama M, Fulton LA, Fulton RS, Furuta M, Futreal PA, Füllgrabe A, Gabriel SB, Gallinger S, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Gao J, Gao S, Garraway L, Garred Ø, Garrison E, Garsed DW, Gehlenborg N, Gelpi JLL, George J, Gerhard DS, Gerhauser C, Gershenwald JE, Gerstein M, Gerstung M, Getz G, Ghori M, Ghossein R, Giama NH, Gibbs RA, Gibson B, Gill AJ, Gill P, Giri DD, Glodzik D, Gnanapragasam VJ, Goebler ME, Goldman MJ, Gomez C, Gonzalez S, Gonzalez-Perez A, Gordenin DA, Gossage J, Gotoh K, Govindan R, Grabau D, Graham JS, Grant RC, Green AR, Green E, Greger L, Grehan N, Grimaldi S, Grimmond SM, Grossman RL, Grundhoff A, Gundem G, Guo Q, Gupta M, Gupta S, Gut IG, Gut M, Göke J, Ha G, Haake A, Haan D, Haas S, Haase K, Haber JE, Habermann N, Hach F, Haider S, Hama N, Hamdy FC, Hamilton A, Hamilton MP, Han L, Hanna GB, Hansmann M, Haradhvala NJ, Harismendy O, Harliwong I, Harmanci AO, Harrington E, Hasegawa T, Haussler D, Hawkins S, Hayami S, Hayashi S, Hayes DN, Hayes SJ, Hayward NK, Hazell S, He Y, Heath AP, Heath SC, Hedley D, Hegde AM, Heiman DI, Heinold MC, Heins Z, Heisler LE, Hellstrom-Lindberg E, Helmy M, Heo SG, Hepperla AJ, Heredia-Genestar JM, Herrmann C, Hersey P, Hess JM, Hilmarsdottir H, Hinton J, Hirano S, Hiraoka N, Hoadley KA, Hobolth A, Hodzic E, Hoell JI, Hoffmann S, Hofmann O, Holbrook A, Holik AZ, Hollingsworth MA, Holmes O, Holt RA, Hong C, Hong EP, Hong JH, Hooijer GK, Hornshøj H, Hosoda F, Hou Y, Hovestadt V, Howat W, Hoyle AP, Hruban RH, Hu J, Hu T, Hua X, Huang KL, Huang M, Huang MN, Huang V, Huang Y, Huber W, Hudson TJ, Hummel M, Hung JA, Huntsman D, Hupp TR, Huse J, Huska MR, Hutter B, Hutter CM, Hübschmann D, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Imbusch CD, Imielinski M, Imoto S, Isaacs WB, Isaev K, Ishikawa S, Iskar M, Islam SMA, Ittmann M, Ivkovic S, Izarzugaza JMG, Jacquemier J, Jakrot V, Jamieson NB, Jang GH, Jang SJ, Jayaseelan JC, Jayasinghe R, Jefferys SR, Jegalian K, Jennings JL, Jeon SH, Jerman L, Ji Y, Jiao W, Johansson PA, Johns AL, Johns J, Johnson R, Johnson TA, Jolly C, Joly Y, Jonasson JG, Jones CD, Jones DR, Jones DTW, Jones N, Jones SJM, Jonkers J, Ju YS, Juhl H, Jung J, Juul M, Juul RI, Juul S, Jäger N, Kabbe R, Kahles A, Kahraman A, Kaiser VB, Kakavand H, Kalimuthu S, von Kalle C, Kang KJ, Karaszi K, Karlan B, Karlić R, Karsch D, Kasaian K, Kassahn KS, Katai H, Kato M, Katoh H, Kawakami Y, Kay JD, Kazakoff SH, Kazanov MD, Keays M, Kebebew E, Kefford RF, Kellis M, Kench JG, Kennedy CJ, Kerssemakers JNA, Khoo D, Khoo V, Khuntikeo N, Khurana E, Kilpinen H, Kim HK, Kim HL, Kim HY, Kim H, Kim J, Kim J, Kim JK, Kim Y, King TA, Klapper W, Kleinheinz K, Klimczak LJ, Knappskog S, Kneba M, Knoppers BM, Koh Y, Komorowski J, Komura D, Komura M, Kong G, Kool M, Korbel JO, Korchina V, Korshunov A, Koscher M, Koster R, Kote-Jarai Z, Koures A, Kovacevic M, Kremeyer B, Kretzmer H, Kreuz M, Krishnamurthy S, Kube D, Kumar K, Kumar P, Kumar S, Kumar Y, Kundra R, Kübler K, Küppers R, Lagergren J, Lai PH, Laird PW, Lakhani SR, Lalansingh CM, Lalonde E, Lamaze FC, Lambert A, Lander E, Landgraf P, Landoni L, Langerød A, Lanzós A, Larsimont D, Larsson E, Lathrop M, Lau LMS, Lawerenz C, Lawlor RT, Lawrence MS, Lazar AJ, Lazic AM, Le X, Lee D, Lee D, Lee EA, Lee HJ, Lee JJK, Lee JY, Lee J, Lee MTM, Lee-Six H, Lehmann KV, Lehrach H, Lenze D, Leonard CR, Leongamornlert DA, Leshchiner I, Letourneau L, Letunic I, Levine DA, Lewis L, Ley T, Li C, Li CH, Li HI, Li J, Li L, Li S, Li S, Li X, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Liang H, Liang SB, Lichter P, Lin P, Lin Z, Linehan WM, Lingjærde OC, Liu D, Liu EM, Liu FFF, Liu F, Liu J, Liu X, Livingstone J, Livitz D, Livni N, Lochovsky L, Loeffler M, Long GV, Lopez-Guillermo A, Lou S, Louis DN, Lovat LB, Lu Y, Lu YJ, Lu Y, Luchini C, Lungu I, Luo X, Luxton HJ, Lynch AG, Lype L, López C, López-Otín C, Ma EZ, Ma Y, MacGrogan G, MacRae S, Macintyre G, Madsen T, Maejima K, Mafficini A, Maglinte DT, Maitra A, Majumder PP, Malcovati L, Malikic S, Malleo G, Mann GJ, Mantovani-Löffler L, Marchal K, Marchegiani G, Mardis ER, Margolin AA, Marin MG, Markowetz F, Markowski J, Marks J, Marques-Bonet T, Marra MA, Marsden L, Martens JWM, Martin S, Martin-Subero JI, Martincorena I, Martinez-Fundichely A, Maruvka YE, Mashl RJ, Massie CE, Matthew TJ, Matthews L, Mayer E, Mayes S, Mayo M, Mbabaali F, McCune K, McDermott U, McGillivray PD, McLellan MD, McPherson JD, McPherson JR, McPherson TA, Meier SR, Meng A, Meng S, Menzies A, Merrett ND, Merson S, Meyerson M, Meyerson W, Mieczkowski PA, Mihaiescu GL, Mijalkovic S, Mikkelsen T, Milella M, Mileshkin L, Miller CA, Miller DK, Miller JK, Mills GB, Milovanovic A, Minner S, Miotto M, Arnau GM, Mirabello L, Mitchell C, Mitchell TJ, Miyano S, Miyoshi N, Mizuno S, Molnár-Gábor F, Moore MJ, Moore RA, Morganella S, Morris QD, Morrison C, Mose LE, Moser CD, Muiños F, Mularoni L, Mungall AJ, Mungall K, Musgrove EA, Mustonen V, Mutch D, Muyas F, Muzny DM, Muñoz A, Myers J, Myklebost O, Möller P, Nagae G, Nagrial AM, Nahal-Bose HK, Nakagama H, Nakagawa H, Nakamura H, Nakamura T, Nakano K, Nandi T, Nangalia J, Nastic M, Navarro A, Navarro FCP, Neal DE, Nettekoven G, Newell F, Newhouse SJ, Newton Y, Ng AWT, Ng A, Nicholson J, Nicol D, Nie Y, Nielsen GP, Nielsen MM, Nik-Zainal S, Noble MS, Nones K, Northcott PA, Notta F, O’Connor BD, O’Donnell P, O’Donovan M, O’Meara S, O’Neill BP, O’Neill JR, Ocana D, Ochoa A, Oesper L, Ogden C, Ohdan H, Ohi K, Ohno-Machado L, Oien KA, Ojesina AI, Ojima H, Okusaka T, Omberg L, Ong CK, Ossowski S, Ott G, Ouellette BFF, P’ng C, Paczkowska M, Paiella S, Pairojkul C, Pajic M, Pan-Hammarström Q, Papaemmanuil E, Papatheodorou I, Paramasivam N, Park JW, Park JW, Park K, Park K, Park PJ, Parker JS, Parsons SL, Pass H, Pasternack D, Pastore A, Patch AM, Pauporté I, Pea A, Pearson JV. Author Correction: Genomic basis for RNA alterations in cancer. Nature 2023; 614:E37. [PMID: 36697831 PMCID: PMC9931574 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Calabrese
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Natalie R. Davidson
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Demircioğlu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nuno A. Fonseca
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Yao He
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - André Kahles
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kjong-Van Lehmann
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fenglin Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Cameron M. Soulette
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Lara Urban
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Liliana Greger
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Siliang Li
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongbing Liu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Marc D. Perry
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Qian Xiang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Bailey
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Serap Erkek
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katherine A. Hoadley
- grid.10698.360000000122483208The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Yong Hou
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Matthew R. Huska
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Kilpinen
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan O. Korbel
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximillian G. Marin
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Julia Markowski
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tannistha Nandi
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Reiner Siebert
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XUlm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan G. Stark
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hong Su
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Patrick Tan
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian M. Waszak
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Yung
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shida Zhu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip Awadalla
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Kui Wu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ,grid.507779.b0000 0004 4910 5858China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Angela N. Brooks
- grid.205975.c0000 0001 0740 6917University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jonathan Göke
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.410724.40000 0004 0620 9745National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gunnar Rätsch
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roland F. Schwarz
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK ,grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- grid.225360.00000 0000 9709 7726European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK ,grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zemin Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University, Beijing, China
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4
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Aziz D, Portman N, Fernandez KJ, Lee C, Alexandrou S, Llop-Guevara A, Phan Z, Yong A, Wilkinson A, Sergio CM, Ferraro D, Etemadmoghadam D, Bowtell DD, Serra V, Waring P, Lim E, Caldon CE. Synergistic targeting of BRCA1 mutated breast cancers with PARP and CDK2 inhibition. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:111. [PMID: 34465787 PMCID: PMC8408175 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BLBC) are aggressive breast cancers that respond poorly to targeted therapies and chemotherapies. In order to define therapeutically targetable subsets of BLBC we examined two markers: cyclin E1 and BRCA1 loss. In high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) these markers are mutually exclusive, and define therapeutic subsets. We tested the same hypothesis for BLBC. Using a BLBC cohort enriched for BRCA1 loss, we identified convergence between BRCA1 loss and high cyclin E1 protein expression, in contrast to HGSOC in which CCNE1 amplification drives increased cyclin E1. In cell lines, BRCA1 loss was associated with stabilized cyclin E1 during the cell cycle, and BRCA1 siRNA led to increased cyclin E1 in association with reduced phospho-cyclin E1 T62. Mutation of cyclin E1 T62 to alanine increased cyclin E1 stability. We showed that tumors with high cyclin E1/BRCA1 mutation in the BLBC cohort also had decreased phospho-T62, supporting this hypothesis. Since cyclin E1/CDK2 protects cells from DNA damage and cyclin E1 is elevated in BRCA1 mutant cancers, we hypothesized that CDK2 inhibition would sensitize these cancers to PARP inhibition. CDK2 inhibition induced DNA damage and synergized with PARP inhibitors to reduce cell viability in cell lines with homologous recombination deficiency, including BRCA1 mutated cell lines. Treatment of BRCA1 mutant BLBC patient-derived xenograft models with combination PARP and CDK2 inhibition led to tumor regression and increased survival. We conclude that BRCA1 status and high cyclin E1 have potential as predictive biomarkers to dictate the therapeutic use of combination CDK inhibitors/PARP inhibitors in BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diar Aziz
- Centre for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Neil Portman
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristine J Fernandez
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine Lee
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Alexandrou
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alba Llop-Guevara
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoe Phan
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aliza Yong
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Wilkinson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Marcelo Sergio
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle Ferraro
- Centre for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David D Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Waring
- Centre for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Cheasley D, Nigam A, Zethoven M, Hunter S, Etemadmoghadam D, Semple T, Allan P, Carey MS, Fernandez ML, Dawson A, Köbel M, Huntsman DG, Le Page C, Mes-Masson AM, Provencher D, Hacker N, Gao Y, Bowtell D, deFazio A, Gorringe KL, Campbell IG. Genomic analysis of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma to identify key drivers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. J Pathol 2020; 253:41-54. [PMID: 32901952 DOI: 10.1002/path.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is associated with a poor response to existing chemotherapy, highlighting the need to perform comprehensive genomic analysis and identify new therapeutic vulnerabilities. The data presented here represent the largest genetic study of LGSOCs to date (n = 71), analysing 127 candidate genes derived from whole exome sequencing cohorts to generate mutation and copy-number variation data. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed on our LGSOC cohort assessing oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, TP53, and CDKN2A status. Targeted sequencing identified 47% of cases with mutations in key RAS/RAF pathway genes (KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS), as well as mutations in putative novel driver genes including USP9X (27%), MACF1 (11%), ARID1A (9%), NF2 (4%), DOT1L (6%), and ASH1L (4%). Immunohistochemistry evaluation revealed frequent oestrogen/progesterone receptor positivity (85%), along with CDKN2A protein loss (10%) and CDKN2A protein overexpression (6%), which were linked to shorter disease outcomes. Indeed, 90% of LGSOC samples harboured at least one potentially actionable alteration, which in 19/71 (27%) cases were predictive of clinical benefit from a standard treatment, either in another cancer's indication or in LGSOC specifically. In addition, we validated ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X), which is a chromosome X-linked substrate-specific deubiquitinase and tumour suppressor, as a relevant therapeutic target for LGSOC. Our comprehensive genomic study highlighted that there is an addiction to a limited number of unique 'driver' aberrations that could be translated into improved therapeutic paths. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Cheasley
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Abhimanyu Nigam
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Bioinformatics Consulting Core, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally Hunter
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy Semple
- Molecular Genomics Core, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prue Allan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark S Carey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marta L Fernandez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy Dawson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Neville Hacker
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yunkai Gao
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Bowtell
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and the Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Mileshkin LR, Posner A, Pattison A, Balachander S, Etemadmoghadam D, Fellowes A, Wong HL, Dow E, deFazio A, Gao B, Karapetis CS, Singh MS, Collins IM, Steer C, Warren MA, Karanth N, Bowtell D, Prall OW, Tothill R. Identifying biomarkers to guide immunotherapy treatment of cancer of unknown primary. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15252 Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a metastatic cancer where the primary tissue of origin (ToO) evades detection despite extensive clinical investigation. Recent approaches to the management of CUP have involved gene-expression profiling to resolve the likely ToO and mutational profiling to identify targeted treatments. Current evidence is that both of these methods can have some clinical benefit but only in a minority of cases. Immunotherapy may also be effective in CUP, but clinical trials looking at this are yet to report and the best way to select patients who may benefit is uncertain. Methods: Through a national cohort study called Solving Unknown Primary Cancer (SUPER), 245 CUP patients had molecular profiling performed and clinical follow-up. Variant detection from DNA sequencing using a targeted panel of 386 genes (SureSelect Agilent) was used to calculate tumour mutation burden (TMB). Additionally, a custom gene expression assay including 225 genes associated with ToO and 35 immune genes (SUPERDx, nCounter NanoString) was used to classify the likely ToO and immune profile the tumours. We used the genomic data from 217 of these patients to explore interdependencies between immune gene-expression patterns and TMB. We also retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of patients treated with anti-PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy in whom genomic data was available. Results: TMB was weakly correlated with a gene-expression score for immune response (IR) based on averaged z-score values of six genes (CD8A, IFNG, PRF1, PD-L1, GZMA, GZMB) (Spearman rho = 0.21) with many outliers exhibiting low TMB but high IR scores. Among twenty patients treated with ICIs, with both molecular data and response data available, 6 had a partial response (PR), 5 had stable disease (SD) and 9 had progressive disease (PD). We found that an elevated IR score was more predictive of ICI response than TMB. Most patients with either PR or SD to ICI treatment had a high IR score (9/10), and most patients with PD had low IR scores. However, only 3/10 patients with TMB available and a PR or SD had a high TMB ( > 10). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that ICI therapy may benefit some CUP patients and that an immune response gene-expression scoremay predict ICI treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atara Posner
- Rare Disease Oncogenomics, UMCCR, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pattison
- Rare Disease Oncogenomics, UMCCR, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shiva Balachander
- Rare Disease Oncogenomics, UMCCR, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Hui Li Wong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eryn Dow
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bo Gao
- Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Ian M. Collins
- Department of Medical Oncology, South West Regional Cancer Care and Deakin University, Warrnambool, Australia
| | | | | | - Narayan Karanth
- Division of Medicine, Top End Health and Hospital Services, Alan Walker Cancer Centre, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Richard Tothill
- Rare Disease Oncogenomics, UMCCR, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Aaltonen LA, Abascal F, Abeshouse A, Aburatani H, Adams DJ, Agrawal N, Ahn KS, Ahn SM, Aikata H, Akbani R, Akdemir KC, Al-Ahmadie H, Al-Sedairy ST, Al-Shahrour F, Alawi M, Albert M, Aldape K, Alexandrov LB, Ally A, Alsop K, Alvarez EG, Amary F, Amin SB, Aminou B, Ammerpohl O, Anderson MJ, Ang Y, Antonello D, Anur P, Aparicio S, Appelbaum EL, Arai Y, Aretz A, Arihiro K, Ariizumi SI, Armenia J, Arnould L, Asa S, Assenov Y, Atwal G, Aukema S, Auman JT, Aure MRR, Awadalla P, Aymerich M, Bader GD, Baez-Ortega A, Bailey MH, Bailey PJ, Balasundaram M, Balu S, Bandopadhayay P, Banks RE, Barbi S, Barbour AP, Barenboim J, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Barr H, Barrera E, Bartlett J, Bartolome J, Bassi C, Bathe OF, Baumhoer D, Bavi P, Baylin SB, Bazant W, Beardsmore D, Beck TA, Behjati S, Behren A, Niu B, Bell C, Beltran S, Benz C, Berchuck A, Bergmann AK, Bergstrom EN, Berman BP, Berney DM, Bernhart SH, Beroukhim R, Berrios M, Bersani S, Bertl J, Betancourt M, Bhandari V, Bhosle SG, Biankin AV, Bieg M, Bigner D, Binder H, Birney E, Birrer M, Biswas NK, Bjerkehagen B, Bodenheimer T, Boice L, Bonizzato G, De Bono JS, Boot A, Bootwalla MS, Borg A, Borkhardt A, Boroevich KA, Borozan I, Borst C, Bosenberg M, Bosio M, Boultwood J, Bourque G, Boutros PC, Bova GS, Bowen DT, Bowlby R, Bowtell DDL, Boyault S, Boyce R, Boyd J, Brazma A, Brennan P, Brewer DS, Brinkman AB, Bristow RG, Broaddus RR, Brock JE, Brock M, Broeks A, Brooks AN, Brooks D, Brors B, Brunak S, Bruxner TJC, Bruzos AL, Buchanan A, Buchhalter I, Buchholz C, Bullman S, Burke H, Burkhardt B, Burns KH, Busanovich J, Bustamante CD, Butler AP, Butte AJ, Byrne NJ, Børresen-Dale AL, Caesar-Johnson SJ, Cafferkey A, Cahill D, Calabrese C, Caldas C, Calvo F, Camacho N, Campbell PJ, Campo E, Cantù C, Cao S, Carey TE, Carlevaro-Fita J, Carlsen R, Cataldo I, Cazzola M, Cebon J, Cerfolio R, Chadwick DE, Chakravarty D, Chalmers D, Chan CWY, Chan K, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Chandan VS, Chang DK, Chanock SJ, Chantrill LA, Chateigner A, Chatterjee N, 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D, Leonard CR, Leongamornlert DA, Leshchiner I, Letourneau L, Letunic I, Levine DA, Lewis L, Ley T, Li C, Li CH, Li HI, Li J, Li L, Li S, Li S, Li X, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Liang H, Liang SB, Lichter P, Lin P, Lin Z, Linehan WM, Lingjærde OC, Liu D, Liu EM, Liu FFF, Liu F, Liu J, Liu X, Livingstone J, Livitz D, Livni N, Lochovsky L, Loeffler M, Long GV, Lopez-Guillermo A, Lou S, Louis DN, Lovat LB, Lu Y, Lu YJ, Lu Y, Luchini C, Lungu I, Luo X, Luxton HJ, Lynch AG, Lype L, López C, López-Otín C, Ma EZ, Ma Y, MacGrogan G, MacRae S, Macintyre G, Madsen T, Maejima K, Mafficini A, Maglinte DT, Maitra A, Majumder PP, Malcovati L, Malikic S, Malleo G, Mann GJ, Mantovani-Löffler L, Marchal K, Marchegiani G, Mardis ER, Margolin AA, Marin MG, Markowetz F, Markowski J, Marks J, Marques-Bonet T, Marra MA, Marsden L, Martens JWM, Martin S, Martin-Subero JI, Martincorena I, Martinez-Fundichely A, Maruvka YE, Mashl RJ, Massie CE, Matthew TJ, Matthews L, Mayer E, Mayes S, Mayo M, Mbabaali F, McCune K, McDermott U, McGillivray PD, McLellan MD, McPherson JD, McPherson JR, McPherson TA, Meier SR, Meng A, Meng S, Menzies A, Merrett ND, Merson S, Meyerson M, Meyerson W, Mieczkowski PA, Mihaiescu GL, Mijalkovic S, Mikkelsen T, Milella M, Mileshkin L, Miller CA, Miller DK, Miller JK, Mills GB, Milovanovic A, Minner S, Miotto M, Arnau GM, Mirabello L, Mitchell C, Mitchell TJ, Miyano S, Miyoshi N, Mizuno S, Molnár-Gábor F, Moore MJ, Moore RA, Morganella S, Morris QD, Morrison C, Mose LE, Moser CD, Muiños F, Mularoni L, Mungall AJ, Mungall K, Musgrove EA, Mustonen V, Mutch D, Muyas F, Muzny DM, Muñoz A, Myers J, Myklebost O, Möller P, Nagae G, Nagrial AM, Nahal-Bose HK, Nakagama H, Nakagawa H, Nakamura H, Nakamura T, Nakano K, Nandi T, Nangalia J, Nastic M, Navarro A, Navarro FCP, Neal DE, Nettekoven G, Newell F, Newhouse SJ, Newton Y, Ng AWT, Ng A, Nicholson J, Nicol D, Nie Y, Nielsen GP, Nielsen MM, Nik-Zainal S, Noble MS, Nones K, Northcott PA, Notta F, O’Connor BD, O’Donnell P, O’Donovan M, O’Meara S, O’Neill BP, O’Neill JR, Ocana D, Ochoa A, Oesper L, Ogden C, Ohdan H, Ohi K, Ohno-Machado L, Oien KA, Ojesina AI, Ojima H, Okusaka T, Omberg L, Ong CK, Ossowski S, Ott G, Ouellette BFF, P’ng C, Paczkowska M, Paiella S, Pairojkul C, Pajic M, Pan-Hammarström Q, Papaemmanuil E, Papatheodorou I, Paramasivam N, Park JW, Park JW, Park K, Park K, Park PJ, Parker JS, Parsons SL, Pass H, Pasternack D, Pastore A, Patch AM, Pauporté I, Pea A, Pearson JV, Pedamallu CS, Pedersen JS, Pederzoli P, Peifer M, Pennell NA, Perou CM, Perry MD, Petersen GM, Peto M, Petrelli N, Petryszak R, Pfister SM, Phillips M, Pich O, Pickett HA, Pihl TD, Pillay N, Pinder S, Pinese M, Pinho AV, Pitkänen E, Pivot X, Piñeiro-Yáñez E, Planko L, Plass C, Polak P, Pons T, Popescu I, Potapova O, Prasad A, Preston SR, Prinz M, Pritchard AL, Prokopec SD, Provenzano E, Puente XS, Puig S, Puiggròs M, Pulido-Tamayo S, Pupo GM, Purdie CA, Quinn MC, Rabionet R, Rader JS, Radlwimmer B, Radovic P, Raeder B, Raine KM, Ramakrishna M, Ramakrishnan K, Ramalingam S, Raphael BJ, Rathmell WK, Rausch T, Reifenberger G, Reimand J, Reis-Filho J, Reuter V, Reyes-Salazar I, Reyna MA, Reynolds SM, Rheinbay E, Riazalhosseini Y, Richardson AL, Richter J, Ringel M, Ringnér M, Rino Y, Rippe K, Roach J, Roberts LR, Roberts ND, Roberts SA, Robertson AG, Robertson AJ, Rodriguez JB, Rodriguez-Martin B, Rodríguez-González FG, Roehrl MHA, Rohde M, Rokutan H, Romieu G, Rooman I, Roques T, Rosebrock D, Rosenberg M, Rosenstiel PC, Rosenwald A, Rowe EW, Royo R, Rozen SG, Rubanova Y, Rubin MA, Rubio-Perez C, Rudneva VA, Rusev BC, Ruzzenente A, Rätsch G, Sabarinathan R, Sabelnykova VY, Sadeghi S, Sahinalp SC, Saini N, Saito-Adachi M, Saksena G, Salcedo A, Salgado R, Salichos L, Sallari R, Saller C, Salvia R, Sam M, Samra JS, Sanchez-Vega F, Sander C, Sanders G, Sarin R, Sarrafi I, Sasaki-Oku A, Sauer T, Sauter G, Saw RPM, Scardoni M, Scarlett CJ, Scarpa A, Scelo G, Schadendorf D, Schein JE, Schilhabel MB, Schlesner M, Schlomm T, Schmidt HK, Schramm SJ, Schreiber S, Schultz N, Schumacher SE, Schwarz RF, Scolyer RA, Scott D, Scully R, Seethala R, Segre AV, Selander I, Semple CA, Senbabaoglu Y, Sengupta S, Sereni E, Serra S, Sgroi DC, Shackleton M, Shah NC, Shahabi S, Shang CA, Shang P, Shapira O, Shelton T, Shen C, Shen H, Shepherd R, Shi R, Shi Y, Shiah YJ, Shibata T, Shih J, Shimizu E, Shimizu K, Shin SJ, Shiraishi Y, Shmaya T, Shmulevich I, Shorser SI, Short C, Shrestha R, Shringarpure SS, Shriver C, Shuai S, Sidiropoulos N, Siebert R, Sieuwerts AM, Sieverling L, Signoretti S, Sikora KO, Simbolo M, Simon R, Simons JV, Simpson JT, Simpson PT, Singer S, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Sipahimalani P, Skelly TJ, Smid M, Smith J, Smith-McCune K, Socci ND, Sofia HJ, Soloway MG, Song L, Sood AK, Sothi S, Sotiriou C, Soulette CM, Span PN, Spellman PT, Sperandio N, Spillane AJ, Spiro O, Spring J, Staaf J, Stadler PF, Staib P, Stark SG, Stebbings L, Stefánsson ÓA, Stegle O, Stein LD, Stenhouse A, Stewart C, Stilgenbauer S, Stobbe MD, Stratton MR, Stretch JR, Struck AJ, Stuart JM, Stunnenberg HG, Su H, Su X, Sun RX, Sungalee S, Susak H, Suzuki A, Sweep F, Szczepanowski M, Sültmann H, Yugawa T, Tam A, Tamborero D, Tan BKT, Tan D, Tan P, Tanaka H, Taniguchi H, Tanskanen TJ, Tarabichi M, Tarnuzzer R, Tarpey P, Taschuk ML, Tatsuno K, Tavaré S, Taylor DF, Taylor-Weiner A, Teague JW, Teh BT, Tembe V, Temes J, Thai K, Thayer SP, Thiessen N, Thomas G, Thomas S, Thompson A, Thompson AM, Thompson JFF, Thompson RH, Thorne H, Thorne LB, Thorogood A, Tiao G, Tijanic N, Timms LE, Tirabosco R, Tojo M, Tommasi S, Toon CW, Toprak UH, Torrents D, Tortora G, Tost J, Totoki Y, Townend D, Traficante N, Treilleux I, Trotta JR, Trümper LHP, Tsao M, Tsunoda T, Tubio JMC, Tucker O, Turkington R, Turner DJ, Tutt A, Ueno M, Ueno NT, Umbricht C, Umer HM, Underwood TJ, Urban L, Urushidate T, Ushiku T, Uusküla-Reimand L, Valencia A, Van Den Berg DJ, Van Laere S, Van Loo P, Van Meir EG, Van den Eynden GG, Van der Kwast T, Vasudev N, Vazquez M, Vedururu R, Veluvolu U, Vembu S, Verbeke LPC, Vermeulen P, Verrill C, Viari A, Vicente D, Vicentini C, VijayRaghavan K, Viksna J, Vilain RE, Villasante I, Vincent-Salomon A, Visakorpi T, Voet D, Vyas P, Vázquez-García I, Waddell NM, Waddell N, Wadelius C, Wadi L, Wagener R, Wala JA, Wang J, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Waring PM, Warnatz HJ, Warrell J, Warren AY, Waszak SM, Wedge DC, Weichenhan D, Weinberger P, Weinstein JN, Weischenfeldt J, Weisenberger DJ, Welch I, Wendl MC, Werner J, Whalley JP, Wheeler DA, Whitaker HC, Wigle D, Wilkerson MD, Williams A, Wilmott JS, Wilson GW, Wilson JM, Wilson RK, Winterhoff B, Wintersinger JA, Wiznerowicz M, Wolf S, Wong BH, Wong T, Wong W, Woo Y, Wood S, Wouters BG, Wright AJ, Wright DW, Wright MH, Wu CL, Wu DY, Wu G, Wu J, Wu K, Wu Y, Wu Z, Xi L, Xia T, Xiang Q, Xiao X, Xing R, Xiong H, Xu Q, Xu Y, Xue H, Yachida S, Yakneen S, Yamaguchi R, Yamaguchi TN, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto S, Yamaue H, Yang F, Yang H, Yang JY, Yang L, Yang L, Yang S, Yang TP, Yang Y, Yao X, Yaspo ML, Yates L, Yau C, Ye C, Ye K, Yellapantula VD, Yoon CJ, Yoon SS, Yousif F, Yu J, Yu K, Yu W, Yu Y, Yuan K, Yuan Y, Yuen D, Yung CK, Zaikova O, Zamora J, Zapatka M, Zenklusen JC, Zenz T, Zeps N, Zhang CZ, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Zheng L, Zheng X, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Zhu B, Zhu H, Zhu J, Zhu S, Zou L, Zou X, deFazio A, van As N, van Deurzen CHM, van de Vijver MJ, van’t Veer L, von Mering C. Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes. Nature 2020; 578:82-93. [PMID: 32025007 PMCID: PMC7025898 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1435] [Impact Index Per Article: 358.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1-3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10-18.
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Aziz D, Lee C, Chin V, Fernandez K, Etemadmoghadam D, Bowtell D, Waring P, Caldon C. Cyclin E1 is a shared biomarker of subsets of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and basal like breast cancer (BLBC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz426.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mileshkin LR, Sivakumaran T, Etemadmoghadam D, Tothill R, Fellowes A, Fox SB, Guccione L, Freimund AE, deFazio A, Wilcken N, Gao B, Singh MS, Collins IM, Richardson GE, Steer CB, Warren MA, Karapetis CS, Bryant C, Schofield P, Bowtell D. Clinical impact of tissue of origin testing and mutation profiling in the Solving Unknown Primary Cancer (SUPER) national prospective study: Experience of the first two years. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3072 Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) has a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 12 months. SUPER is a prospective cohort study designed to create a national biobank of patients (pts) with no confirmed primary site following diagnostic work-up. Tumor and blood samples undergo mutational profiling for actionable mutations using the 386 gene PeterMac Comprehensive Cancer Panel (CCP) plus CUPGuide, a microarray gene-expression site-of-origin assay. We aimed to determine the clinical impact of CUPGuide and CCP profiling. Methods: 172 pts were enrolled between 2013-2015. Baseline demographics, treatments, investigations and clinico-pathological characteristics were collected over 12 months. Clinicians completed clinical management questionnaires before and after receiving results. Results: Molecular analysis was performed for 124/172 (72.1%) pts with sufficient DNA and/or RNA. CUPGuide was completed for 97/124 (78.2%); primary site predictions were made in 84/97 patients (86.6%). The most common primary site predictions were lung, gastric, ovary and breast. CUPGuide predictions resulted in a change in management in 10/84 (12%) of cases and confirmed current management already commenced by the clinician in 53/84 (63%). Mutation profiling was completed in 103/124 (83.1%) pts with actionable mutations found in 11 pts, 4 of whom received subsequent targeted therapy. Testing was considered to have a clinical impact in 70/120 cases (58%): either resulting in a change in treatment (n = 14), diagnosis of a pathogenic germline finding (n = 8) or a moderate/high confidence tissue of origin prediction (n = 58). There were two deaths prior to the availability of the CUPGuide results and eleven deaths prior to availability of the CCP results. Conclusions: Molecular analysis for CUP pts has clinical impact in the majority of cases. Timeliness of return of results, drug access and insufficient tissue for testing are barriers to greater impact that need to be addressed to improve the care of pts affected by CUP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna deFazio
- University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Bo Gao
- Blacktown and Westmead Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Christopher B. Steer
- Border Medical Oncology, Albury Wodonga Regional Cancer Centre, Albury, NSW, Australia
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McEvoy CR, Xu H, Smith K, Etemadmoghadam D, San Leong H, Choong DY, Byrne DJ, Iravani A, Beck S, Mileshkin L, Tothill RW, Bowtell DD, Bates BM, Nastevski V, Browning J, Bell AH, Khoo C, Desai J, Fellowes AP, Fox SB, Prall OW. Profound MEK inhibitor response in a cutaneous melanoma harboring a GOLGA4-RAF1 fusion. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1940-1945. [PMID: 30835257 PMCID: PMC6486352 DOI: 10.1172/jci123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF and CRAF are critical components of the MAPK signaling pathway which is activated in many cancer types. In approximately 1% of melanomas, BRAF or CRAF are activated through structural arrangements. We describe here a metastatic melanoma with a GOLGA4-RAF1 fusion and pathogenic variants in CTNNB1 and CDKN2A. Anti-CTLA4/anti-PD1 combination immunotherapy failed to control tumor progression. In the absence of other actionable variants the patient was administered MEK inhibitor therapy on the basis of its potential action against RAF1 fusions. This resulted in a profound and clinically significant response. We demonstrated that GOLGA4-RAF1 expression was associated with ERK activation, elevated expression of the RAS/RAF downstream co-effector ETV5, and a high Ki67 index. These findings provide a rationale for the dramatic response to targeted therapy. This study shows that thorough molecular characterization of treatment-resistant cancers can identify therapeutic targets and personalize management, leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. McEvoy
- Department of Pathology, and
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Huiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, and
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amir Iravani
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sophie Beck
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Richard W. Tothill
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David D. Bowtell
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Chloe Khoo
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
- Clinical School, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Fellowes
- Department of Pathology, and
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B. Fox
- Department of Pathology, and
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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11
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Takenaka M, Köbel M, Garsed DW, Fereday S, Pandey A, Etemadmoghadam D, Hendley J, Kawabata A, Noguchi D, Yanaihara N, Takahashi H, Kiyokawa T, Ikegami M, Takano H, Isonishi S, Ochiai K, Traficante N, Gadipally S, Semple T, Vassiliadis D, Amarasinghe K, Li J, Mir Arnau G, Okamoto A, Friedlander M, Bowtell DDL. Survival Following Chemotherapy in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Is Not Associated with Pathological Misclassification of Tumor Histotype. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3962-3973. [PMID: 30967419 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are commonly resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy, good clinical outcomes are observed in a subset of patients. The explanation for this is unknown but may be due to misclassification of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) as OCCC or mixed histology. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To discover potential biomarkers of survival benefit following platinum-based chemotherapy, we ascertained a cohort of 68 Japanese and Australian patients in whom progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) could be assessed. We performed IHC reclassification of tumors, and targeted sequencing and immunohistochemistry of known driver genes. Exome sequencing was performed in 10 patients who had either unusually long survival (N = 5) or had a very short time to progression (N = 5). RESULTS The majority of mixed OCCC (N = 6, 85.7%) and a small proportion of pure OCCC (N = 3, 4.9%) were reclassified as likely HGSOC. However, the PFS and OS of patients with misclassified samples were similar to that of patients with pathologically validated OCCC. Absent HNF1B expression was significantly correlated with longer PFS and OS (P = 0.0194 and 0.0395, respectively). Mutations in ARID1A, PIK3CA, PPP2R1A, and TP53 were frequent, but did not explain length of PFS and OS. An exploratory exome analysis of patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes did not identify novel outcome-associated driver mutations. CONCLUSIONS Survival benefit following chemotherapy in OCCC was not associated with pathological misclassification of tumor histotype. HNF1B loss may help identify the subset of patients with OCCC with a more favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Takenaka
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Foothill Medical Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ayako Kawabata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daito Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yanaihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Kiyokawa
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Takano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Isonishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Timothy Semple
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Jason Li
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Moujaber T, Etemadmoghadam D, Kennedy CJ, Chiew YE, Balleine RL, Saunders C, Wain GV, Gao B, Hogg R, Srirangan S, Kan C, Fereday S, Traficante N, Patch AM, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Grimmond SM, Dobrovic A, Bowtell DD, Harnett PR, deFazio A. BRAF Mutations in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer and Response to BRAF Inhibition. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2:1-14. [DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSC) responds poorly to chemotherapy and is characterized by activating mutations in the Ras sarcoma–mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS-MAPK) pathway, including oncogenic BRAF. However, response to BRAF inhibitors is tumor-type specific. Significant improvement in survival is seen in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma, but other cancer types, such as colorectal cancers, are generally less sensitive. We examined the frequency and characteristics of BRAF-mutated LGSC and described the response to treatment with BRAF inhibitors. Patients and Methods Mutations were assessed in LGSC (N = 65) by using targeted, exome, and whole-genome sequencing. Patient characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcome were assessed, and the median follow-up time was more than 5 years. BRAF inhibitors were trialed in two patients with a somatic BRAF V600E mutation: one patient received dabrafenib monotherapy and was monitored clinically, biochemically (cancer antigen [CA]-125 levels), and with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Expression of the BRAF V600E protein in this patient was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Among patients with LGSC, nine (13.8%) of 65 had a somatic BRAF mutation. Of the nine patients with BRAF mutation–positive LGSC, four experienced progressive disease that did not respond to conventional chemotherapy. Two of the patients experienced progression quickly and died as a result of disease progression, and two received targeted treatment. Two patients with BRAF V600E mutation received BRAF inhibitors at relapse and both achieved durable responses. Conclusion BRAF mutations are not uncommon in patients with LGSC and should be routinely tested, because BRAF inhibitors can be an effective treatment for these patients. The results highlight the need for targeted treatment in this rare tumor type, and a prospective study is needed to formally assess the response rate and clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moujaber
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Catherine J. Kennedy
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Rosemary L. Balleine
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Catherine Saunders
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Gerard V. Wain
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Bo Gao
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Russell Hogg
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Sivatharsny Srirangan
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Casina Kan
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Sian Fereday
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - John V. Pearson
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Sean M. Grimmond
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - David D.L. Bowtell
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Paul R. Harnett
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Anna deFazio
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
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13
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Aziz D, Etemadmoghadam D, Caldon CE, Au-Yeung G, Deng N, Hutchinson R, Bowtell D, Waring P. 19q12 amplified and non-amplified subsets of high grade serous ovarian cancer with overexpression of cyclin E1 differ in their molecular drivers and clinical outcomes. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 151:327-336. [PMID: 30209015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Readily apparent cyclin E1 expression occurs in 50% of HGSOC, but only half are linked to 19q12 locus amplification. The amplified/cyclin E1hi subset has intact BRCA1/2, unfavorable outcome, and is potentially therapeutically targetable. We studied whether non-amplified/cyclin E1hi HGSOC has similar characteristics. We also assessed the expression of cyclin E1 degradation-associated proteins, FBXW7 and USP28, as potential drivers of high cyclin E1 expression in both subsets. METHODS 262 HGSOC cases were analyzed by in situ hybridization for 19q12 locus amplification and immunohistochemistry for cyclin E1, URI1 (another protein encoded by the 19q12 locus), FBXW7 and USP28 expression. Tumors were classified by 19q12 amplification status and correlated to cyclin E1 and URI1 expression, BRCA1/2 germline mutation, FBXW7 and USP28 expression, and clinical outcomes. Additionally, we assessed the relative genomic instability of amplified/cyclin E1hi and non-amplified/cyclin E1hi groups of HGSOC datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS Of the 82 cyclin E1hi cases, 43 (52%) were amplified and 39 (48%) were non-amplified. Unlike amplified tumors, non-amplified/cyclin E1hi tumor status was not mutually exclusive with gBRCA1/2 mutation. The non-amplified/cyclin E1hi group had significantly increased USP28, while the amplified/cyclin E1hi cancers had significantly lower FBXW7 expression consistent with a role for both in stabilizing cyclin E1. Notably, only the amplified/cyclin E1hi subset was associated with genomic instability and had a worse outcome than non-amplified/cyclin E1hi group. CONCLUSIONS Amplified/cyclin E1hi and non-amplified/cyclin E1hi tumors have different pathological and biological characteristics and clinical outcomes indicating that they are separate subsets of cyclin E1hi HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diar Aziz
- Centre for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Niantao Deng
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ryan Hutchinson
- Centre for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - David Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul Waring
- Centre for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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14
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Christie EL, Beach J, Etemadmoghadam D, Garsed D, Patch AM, Fereday S, Pattnaik S, Brady S, Bild A, Bowtell DD. Abstract IA12: Acquired chemotherapy resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovca17-ia12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) was one of the first cancer types subjected to comprehensive genomic analysis, and over the last 5-7 years gene expression and DNA sequence data have been generated from hundreds of samples. A large majority of this data has been obtained from surgical samples collected following primary debulking surgery or following a few cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. By contrast, comparatively little data exist from patients who have been extensively treated with chemotherapy or newer targeted agents, such as antiangiogenics or PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Of particular interest are samples collected from patients whose cancer was initially responsive to treatment but has become resistant to therapy (acquired resistance) at the time of collection.
The presentation will describe data obtained from whole-genome (N=73 samples, 36 patients) and targeted (N=65 samples, 48 patients) sequence analysis of recurrent or end-stage HGSC samples, focusing in particular on two mechanisms of acquired resistance–fusions involving the ABCB1 gene and reversion of germline BRCA1/2 mutations. ABCB1 encodes the multidrug resistance transporter MDR1, also known as P-glycoprotein. Data will be presented on the frequency and mechanisms of ABCB1 deregulation in recurrent HGSC, and approaches to clinical intervention in fusion-positive patients. Reversions in BRCA1/2 appear to render tumors that were defective in homologous recombination (HR) repair, HR proficient and therefore may have important implications for likely treatment response. The presentation will also discuss approaches to evaluating reversion status in patients with mutation in BRCA1/2.
Citation Format: Elizabeth L. Christie, Jessica Beach, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, Dale Garsed, Ann-Marie Patch, Sian Fereday, Swetansu Pattnaik, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, Samuel Brady, Andrea Bild, David D.L. Bowtell. Acquired chemotherapy resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Beach
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | | | - Dale Garsed
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- 2QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,
| | - Sian Fereday
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
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Moujaber T, Etemadmoghadam D, Mapagu C, Kennedy C, Chiew YE, Kan C, Nevins N, Srirangan S, Fereday S, Traficante N, group AOCS, Bowtell D, Balleine R, Harnett P, deFazio A. Abstract 2584: Mutations in low-grade serous ovarian cancer and response to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSC) responds poorly to platinum based chemotherapy and is characterized by activating RAS-MAPK pathway mutations, including oncogenic BRAF. Drugs that target this pathway are effective in BRAF-mutant melanoma but other cancer types, such as colorectal cancers, are less sensitive. Early phase trials report a 15% response rate to MEK inhibitors in LGSC patients, however it is not known which features may predict response.
We aimed to determine clinical characteristics and treatment response in women with LGSC and to determine whether response to targeted pathway inhibition is associated with specific mutation profiles in LGSC cell lines.
Tumor samples from a cohort of grade 1 and 2 serous ovarian cancer patients were analyzed using targeted, exome or whole genome sequencing. Patient characteristics, treatment and clinical outcome were assessed. Cell lines derived from patients with LGSC with known mutation profiles, AOCS2 (KRAS/BRAF/NRAS wild-type), MPSC1 (BRAFV600L, NRASQ16R), VOA1056 (NRASQ16R) and HCC5075 (KRASG12V), were treated with BRAF (dabrafenib) or MEK inhibitors (trametinib, pimasertib and binimetinib) and response was compared to cell lines derived from high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) and BRAF-mutant melanoma.
Women diagnosed with grade 1 or 2 serous carcinoma between 1994-2015 were identified from 1654 invasive ovarian serous cancer cases in the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study and the GynBiobank. HGSC cases were excluded following histopathology review and TP53 mutation screening. Amongst 65 confirmed LGSC patients, 18 (27.7%) had a KRAS mutation, 9 (13.8%) had a BRAF mutation and 7 (10.8%) had a NRAS mutation. Women with advanced stage LGSC and residual disease following debulking surgery had a similarly poor progression-free and overall-survival compared with HGSC patients. We saw a dramatic response to BRAF inhibition in a patient with BRAFV600E-positive LGSC, however, the LGSC cell lines did not respond to dabrafenib. This is not surprising as the cell lines did not harbour the hot-spot BRAFV600E mutation. MPSC1 has a BRAFV600L and a NRASQ16R mutation, but dabrafenib did not inhibit growth. HCC5075 (KRASG12V) was sensitive to all three MEK inhibitors, but response to MEK inhibition in the other LGSC cell lines was modest. In conclusion, LGSC are generally chemotherapy resistant and molecular analyses can identify targetable mutations. However, LGSC are heterogenous with respect to underlying mutations and response to pathway inhibitors is likely to depend on which mutations and pathways are activated. BRAF mutations are not uncommon in patients with LGSC and should be routinely tested as BRAF inhibitors can be an effective treatment for these patients. MEK inhibitors may also be effective in a subset of cases. The results highlight the need for novel clinical trial design, as traditional clinical trials are unlikely to be effective in rare ovarian cancer sub-types.
Citation Format: Tania Moujaber, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, Cristina Mapagu, Catherine Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Casina Kan, Nikilyn Nevins, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Sian Fereday, Nadia Traficante, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study group, David Bowtell, Rosemary Balleine, Paul Harnett, Anna deFazio. Mutations in low-grade serous ovarian cancer and response to BRAF and MEK inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2584.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moujaber
- 1Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Cristina Mapagu
- 1Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Kennedy
- 1Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- 1Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Casina Kan
- 1Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Nikilyn Nevins
- 1Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Sian Fereday
- 2Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- 2Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David Bowtell
- 2Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- 3Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Harnett
- 4Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- 1Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia
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Garsed DW, Alsop K, Fereday S, Emmanuel C, Kennedy CJ, Etemadmoghadam D, Gao B, Gebski V, Garès V, Christie EL, Wouters MC, Milne K, George J, Patch AM, Li J, Arnau GM, Semple T, Gadipally SR, Chiew YE, Hendley J, Mikeska T, Zapparoli GV, Amarasinghe K, Grimmond SM, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Hung J, Stewart CJ, Sharma R, Allan PE, Rambau PF, McNally O, Mileshkin L, Hamilton A, Ananda S, Grossi M, Cohen PA, Leung YC, Rome RM, Beale P, Blomfield P, Friedlander M, Brand A, Dobrovic A, Köbel M, Harnett P, Nelson BH, Bowtell DDL, deFazio A. Homologous Recombination DNA Repair Pathway Disruption and Retinoblastoma Protein Loss Are Associated with Exceptional Survival in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:569-580. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Doberstein K, Karst A, Jones P, Ligon A, Hirsch M, Etemadmoghadam D, Hahn W, Bowtell D, Drapkin R. Abstract 1425: Targeting cell cycle dependencies in CCNE1 amplified tumors. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), it is estimated that approximately 50% of HGSOCs harbor a defect in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair. In contrast, the 20% that harbor CCNE1 amplifications appear to have an intact HR pathway. These tumors are associated with shorter overall survival and resistance to chemotherapy. Cyclin E is the activating partner of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) which controls cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. Our previous data showed that CCNE1 amplification and overexpression occurs early in serous tumorigenesis. Importantly, in immortalized human fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSEC), constitutive Cyclin E overexpression imparts malignant characteristics to these cells. This leads to an accumulation of DNA damage and altered gene expression of genes involved in DNA replication and fork protection. However, in the setting of hTERT expression and a p53 mutant, Cyclin E overexpression alone was not capable of fully transforming the FTSECs. Therefore, in order to identify cooperating genetic alterations, we performed an in vitro gain-of-function (GOF) screen. One of those identified hits was the RAD51 paralog XRCC2, which is known to be involved in the HR DNA repair pathway and in fork protection. We could show that XRCC2 expression is upregulated in response to Cyclin E overexpression in FTSECs and we found a strong correlation between RNAseq expression of XRCC2 and Cyclin E in the TCGA patient cohorts. We could further demonstrate that the knock down of XRCC2 is synthetic lethal in CCNE1 amplified ovarian cancer cell lines but not in cells that harbor no CCNE1 amplification, indicating that the upregulation of XRCC2 creates a dependency in CCNE1 amplified tumors. Since overexpression of Cyclin E leads to unscheduled S-phase entry and stress on the replication fork, we speculated that one of the roles of XRCC2 might be to stabilize the replication fork in Cyclin E overexpressing cells. We found that the knock down of XRCC2 in Cyclin E overexpressing cells leads to a strong reduction in fork speed and fork recovery. To further understand this mechanism we analyzed the binding partners of XRCC2 in CCNE1 amplified cells by mass spectrometry. Interestingly, we found that XRCC2 interacts with the minichromosome maintenance deficient 7 (MCM7) protein. MCM7 is part of the MCM complex that unwinds the DNA during replication. Surprisingly, the downregulation XRCC2 also led to a strong reduction in MCM7 protein expression indicating that XRCC2 may play an important role in stabilization the MCM complex. This is especially interesting since CCNE1 amplified cells are more dependent on active MCM complexes and are more sensitive to MCM complex reduction compared to normal cells. Further defining the factors that contribute to the XRCC2-MCM7 interaction at the replication fork may define novel vulnerabilities in CCNE1 amplified tumors.
Citation Format: Kai Doberstein, Alison Karst, Paul Jones, Azra Ligon, Michelle Hirsch, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, William Hahn, David Bowtell, Ronny Drapkin. Targeting cell cycle dependencies in CCNE1 amplified tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1425. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1425
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Doberstein
- 1Univ. of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alison Karst
- 2Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Jones
- 2Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Azra Ligon
- 2Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle Hirsch
- 2Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - William Hahn
- 2Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - David Bowtell
- 3University of Melbourne Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- 1Univ. of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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18
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Etemadmoghadam D, Azar WJ, Lei Y, Moujaber T, Garsed DW, Kennedy CJ, Fereday S, Mitchell C, Chiew YE, Hendley J, Sharma R, Harnett PR, Li J, Christie EL, Patch AM, George J, Au-Yeung G, Mir Arnau G, Holloway TP, Semple T, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Grimmond SM, Köbel M, Rizos H, Lomakin IB, Bowtell DDL, deFazio A. EIF1AX and NRAS Mutations Co-occur and Cooperate in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas. Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28646021 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSC) are associated with a poor response to chemotherapy and are molecularly characterized by RAS pathway activation. Using exome and whole genome sequencing, we identified recurrent mutations in the protein translational regulator EIF1AX and in NF1, USP9X, KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS RAS pathway mutations were mutually exclusive; however, we found significant co-occurrence of mutations in NRAS and EIF1AX Missense EIF1AX mutations were clustered at the N-terminus of the protein in a region associated with its role in ensuring translational initiation fidelity. Coexpression of mutant NRAS and EIF1AX proteins promoted proliferation and clonogenic survival in LGSC cells, providing the first example of co-occurring, growth-promoting mutational events in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4268-78. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Walid J Azar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ying Lei
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tania Moujaber
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine J Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Mitchell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raghwa Sharma
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Pathology West ICPMR, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Western Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul R Harnett
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Timothy Semple
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Foothill Medical Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Helen Rizos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ivan B Lomakin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Aziz D, Etemadmoghadam D, Au-Yeung G, Muranyi A, Gresshoff I, Christie M, Hutchinson R, Ferraro D, Stanislaw S, Henricksen L, Tubbs A, Shanmugam K, Bowtell D, Waring P. 298O The clinical significance of deregulated cyclin E1 in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw585.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Aziz D, Etemadmoghadam D, Au-Yeung G, Muranyi A, Gresshoff I, Christie M, Hutchinson R, Ferraro D, Stanislaw S, Henricksen L, Tubbs, Shanmugam K, Bowtell D, Waring P. 298O The clinical significance of deregulated cyclin E1 in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(21)00456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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21
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Au-Yeung G, Lang F, Azar WJ, Mitchell C, Jarman KE, Lackovic K, Aziz D, Cullinane C, Pearson RB, Mileshkin L, Rischin D, Karst AM, Drapkin R, Etemadmoghadam D, Bowtell DDL. Selective Targeting of Cyclin E1-Amplified High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 and AKT Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1862-1874. [PMID: 27663592 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) amplification is associated with primary treatment resistance and poor outcome in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). Here, we explore approaches to target CCNE1-amplified cancers and potential strategies to overcome resistance to targeted agents.Experimental Design: To examine dependency on CDK2 in CCNE1-amplified HGSC, we utilized siRNA and conditional shRNA gene suppression, and chemical inhibition using dinaciclib, a small-molecule CDK2 inhibitor. High-throughput compound screening was used to identify selective synergistic drug combinations, as well as combinations that may overcome drug resistance. An observed relationship between CCNE1 and the AKT pathway was further explored in genomic data from primary tumors, and functional studies in fallopian tube secretory cells.Results: We validate CDK2 as a therapeutic target by demonstrating selective sensitivity to gene suppression. However, we found that dinaciclib did not trigger amplicon-dependent sensitivity in a panel of HGSC cell lines. A high-throughput compound screen identified synergistic combinations in CCNE1-amplified HGSC, including dinaciclib and AKT inhibitors. Analysis of genomic data from TCGA demonstrated coamplification of CCNE1 and AKT2 Overexpression of Cyclin E1 and AKT isoforms, in addition to mutant TP53, imparted malignant characteristics in untransformed fallopian tube secretory cells, the dominant site of origin of HGSC.Conclusions: These findings suggest a specific dependency of CCNE1-amplified tumors for AKT activity, and point to a novel combination of dinaciclib and AKT inhibitors that may selectively target patients with CCNE1-amplified HGSC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1862-74. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Au-Yeung
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franziska Lang
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Walid J Azar
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Mitchell
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate E Jarman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurt Lackovic
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diar Aziz
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Translational Research Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison M Karst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Doberstein K, Karst A, Etemadmoghadam D, Jones P, Dunn G, Hahn W, Bowtell D, Drapkin R. Abstract PR05: Identifying potential targets in Cyclin E-amplified tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovca15-pr05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), it is estimated that approximately 50% of HGSOCs harbour a defect in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair. A majority of these cases are due to the germline and/or somatic inactivation of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. In contrast, the 20% of HGSOC that harbor CCNE1 amplifications are mutually exclusive with BRCA mutations and appear to have an intact HR pathway. These tumors are associated with shorter overall survival and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Cyclin E is the activating partner of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) which controls cell cycle progression through phosphorylation of pRB and induction of E2F transcriptional activity.
Our previous data showed that CCNE1 amplification and overexpression occurs early in serous tumorigenesis. Importantly, in immortalized human fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSEC), constitutive cyclin E overexpression imparts malignant characteristics to these cells, including increased proliferation, loss of contact inhibition and clonogenicity. This leads to an accumulation of DNA damage and altered gene expression of genes involved in DNA replication fork protection and the BRCA-Fanconi Anemia pathway. However, in the setting of hTERT expression and a p53 mutant, Cyclin E overexpression alone was not capable of fully transforming the FTSECs. Therefore, in order to identify cooperating genetic alterations, we performed an in vitro gain-of-function (GOF) screen using an open reading frame (ORF) library of approximately 800 genes that are recurrently amplified in HGSOC. The transduced cells were then tested for anchorage independent colony formation on ultra-low attachment (ULA) plates and soft agar. A total of 92 genes were identified between the two assays, with 28 genes registering as a “hit” in both assays. A subset was then retested for in vivo growth in immunocompromised mice using the empty vector as the negative control. Positive hits included CHD2, GAB2, AKT, PITRM1, PTPRB, XRCC2, PSME4, and SLC38A1.
Interestingly, by using RNA interference we found that knock-down of some of the genes found in the GOF screen is synthetic lethal in cancer cells that overexpress Cyclin E or have a CCNE1 amplification. The identified hits included genes involved in the DNA damage response pathways and the Fanconi Anemia pathway. Underlining the importance of these genes, analysis of the TCGA revealed that both pathways are strongly upregulated in Cyclin E overexpressing tumors. These results suggest that targeting cooperating genetic dependencies in CCNE1 amplified tumors may be a novel therapeutic avenue. We are currently using our panel of patient-derived tumor xenograft and cell lines to address this possibility.
This abstract is also presented as Poster A06.
Citation Format: Kai Doberstein, Alison Karst, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, Paul Jones, Gavin Dunn, William Hahn, David Bowtell, Ronny Drapkin. Identifying potential targets in Cyclin E-amplified tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Doberstein
- 1University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Alison Karst
- 2Harvard University, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,
| | | | - Paul Jones
- 2Harvard University, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,
| | - Gavin Dunn
- 2Harvard University, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,
| | - William Hahn
- 2Harvard University, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,
| | - David Bowtell
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- 1University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,
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DeFazio A, Moujaber T, Etemadmoghadam D, Kennedy C, Chiew YE, Balleine RL, Saunders C, Wain GV, Dobrovic A, Bowtell DDL, Harnett PR. Abstract A25: BRAFV600E mutations in serous ovarian cancer and response to the BRAF inhibitor, dabrafenib. Clin Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovca15-a25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSC) is a challenging disease to treat effectively. It often occurs in young women and it is well-recognized to be resistant to standard chemotherapy. The underlying molecular driver mutations are now beginning to be understood and they are distinctly different from the more common counterpart, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. LGSC are characterized by somatic mutations in RAS/RAF genes and a number of new agents have been developed that target these mutations, and related activated pathways. However, it is not yet known which pathway-targeted drugs, or combination of drugs, will be effective in the treatment of LGSC. BRAFV600E mutations have been reported in LGSC and BRAF inhibitors have demonstrated significant improvement in progression-free survival in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, limited response is seen in other cancer types, such as colorectal cancers harboring the same mutation, suggesting that clinical benefit is tumor-type specific. In this study we aimed to characterize BRAF mutations in LGSC and to determine whether BRAF inhibitors could demonstrate a clinical benefit in ovarian cancer patients.
Patients with LGSC were identified through the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study and the Westmead GynBiobank, Sydney, Australia. Tumor mutations were assessed using targeted and exome sequencing, and gene copy number was measured by whole genome SNP arrays. Tumor expression of BRAFV600E protein was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. Dabrafenib monotherapy was trialed in a patient with a somatic BRAFV600E mutation and progress was monitored clinically, biochemically using CA125 tumor marker levels and radiologically with PET imaging.
Amongst Grade 1 serous ovarian carcinoma cases, 5/40 (12.5%) were shown to have a BRAFV600E mutation. Tumors with a BRAFV600E mutation had a relatively low degree of gene copy number change and were TP53 wild-type. The BRAF-inhibitor, dabrafenib was trialed in a heavily pre-treated BRAFV600E mutation-positive LGSC patient with progressive chemotherapy-resistant disease (n=1). Whole exome sequencing confirmed the BRAFV600E mutation was the highest frequency variant allele present and also identified deleterious mutations in other cancer-associated genes including CSMD1, BMP1 and DNM1 at lower frequencies, suggestive of sub-clonal events. The patient received dabrafenib monotherapy for 11 months, and demonstrated a substantial clinical, radiological and biochemical response, with complete normalization of her CA125 levels for the first time in six years.
These results demonstrate that molecular analysis of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma can identify targetable mutations and provide effective treatment options. The substantial response to dabrafenib suggests that BRAF inhibition represents a potential therapeutic option for ovarian cancer patients with somatic BRAFV600E mutations and should be tested in future trials. However, the results also highlight the need for novel clinical trial design, as traditional clinical trials are unlikely to be effective in such rare ovarian cancer sub-groups.
Citation Format: Anna DeFazio, Tania Moujaber, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, Catherine Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Alexander Dobrovic, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group (AOCS), David DL Bowtell, Paul R. Harnett. BRAFV600E mutations in serous ovarian cancer and response to the BRAF inhibitor, dabrafenib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna DeFazio
- 1The Westmead Millennium Institute; The University of Sydney; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia,
| | - Tania Moujaber
- 1The Westmead Millennium Institute; The University of Sydney; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia,
| | | | - Catherine Kennedy
- 1The Westmead Millennium Institute; The University of Sydney; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia,
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- 1The Westmead Millennium Institute; The University of Sydney; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia,
| | - Rosemary L. Balleine
- 3The Westmead Millennium Institute;The University of Sydney; Pathology West ICPMR, Sydney, Australia,
| | | | - Gerard V. Wain
- 4The University of Sydney; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia,
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- 5LICR; Olivia Newton John Cancer and Wellness Centre; La Trobe University; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - David DL Bowtell
- 2Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Paul R. Harnett
- 4The University of Sydney; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia,
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Au-Yeung G, Lang F, Mitchell C, Jarman K, Lackovic K, Cullinane C, Mileshkin L, Rischin D, Etemadmoghadam D, Bowtell D. 1PD A high throughput compound screen identifies potential combinations to overcome resistance to Cdk2 inhibitors in Cyclin E1 amplified high grade serous ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv517.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Patch AM, Christie EL, Etemadmoghadam D, Garsed DW, George J, Fereday S, Nones K, Cowin P, Alsop K, Bailey PJ, Kassahn KS, Newell F, Quinn MCJ, Kazakoff S, Quek K, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Curry E, Leong HS, Hamilton A, Mileshkin L, Au-Yeung G, Kennedy C, Hung J, Chiew YE, Harnett P, Friedlander M, Quinn M, Pyman J, Cordner S, O'Brien P, Leditschke J, Young G, Strachan K, Waring P, Azar W, Mitchell C, Traficante N, Hendley J, Thorne H, Shackleton M, Miller DK, Arnau GM, Tothill RW, Holloway TP, Semple T, Harliwong I, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Manning S, Idrisoglu S, Bruxner TJC, Christ AN, Poudel B, Holmes O, Anderson M, Leonard C, Lonie A, Hall N, Wood S, Taylor DF, Xu Q, Fink JL, Waddell N, Drapkin R, Stronach E, Gabra H, Brown R, Jewell A, Nagaraj SH, Markham E, Wilson PJ, Ellul J, McNally O, Doyle MA, Vedururu R, Stewart C, Lengyel E, Pearson JV, Waddell N, deFazio A, Grimmond SM, Bowtell DDL. Corrigendum: Whole-genome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Nature 2015; 527:398. [PMID: 26503049 DOI: 10.1038/nature15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Patch AM, Christie EL, Etemadmoghadam D, Garsed DW, George J, Fereday S, Nones K, Cowin P, Alsop K, Bailey PJ, Kassahn KS, Newell F, Quinn MCJ, Kazakoff S, Quek K, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Curry E, Leong HS, Hamilton A, Mileshkin L, Au-Yeung G, Kennedy C, Hung J, Chiew YE, Harnett P, Friedlander M, Quinn M, Pyman J, Cordner S, O'Brien P, Leditschke J, Young G, Strachan K, Waring P, Azar W, Mitchell C, Traficante N, Hendley J, Thorne H, Shackleton M, Miller DK, Arnau GM, Tothill RW, Holloway TP, Semple T, Harliwong I, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Manning S, Idrisoglu S, Bruxner TJC, Christ AN, Poudel B, Holmes O, Anderson M, Leonard C, Lonie A, Hall N, Wood S, Taylor DF, Xu Q, Fink JL, Waddell N, Drapkin R, Stronach E, Gabra H, Brown R, Jewell A, Nagaraj SH, Markham E, Wilson PJ, Ellul J, McNally O, Doyle MA, Vedururu R, Stewart C, Lengyel E, Pearson JV, Waddell N, deFazio A, Grimmond SM, Bowtell DDL. Whole-genome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Nature 2015; 521:489-94. [PMID: 26017449 DOI: 10.1038/nature14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1050] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) have experienced little improvement in overall survival, and standard treatment has not advanced beyond platinum-based combination chemotherapy, during the past 30 years. To understand the drivers of clinical phenotypes better, here we use whole-genome sequencing of tumour and germline DNA samples from 92 patients with primary refractory, resistant, sensitive and matched acquired resistant disease. We show that gene breakage commonly inactivates the tumour suppressors RB1, NF1, RAD51B and PTEN in HGSC, and contributes to acquired chemotherapy resistance. CCNE1 amplification was common in primary resistant and refractory disease. We observed several molecular events associated with acquired resistance, including multiple independent reversions of germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in individual patients, loss of BRCA1 promoter methylation, an alteration in molecular subtype, and recurrent promoter fusion associated with overexpression of the drug efflux pump MDR1.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Cyclin E/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/drug therapy
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Genes, BRCA1
- Genes, BRCA2
- Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1
- Genome, Human/genetics
- Germ-Line Mutation/genetics
- Humans
- Mutagenesis/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Retinoblastoma Protein/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Patch
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | | | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Prue Cowin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Peter J Bailey
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] WolfsonWohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karin S Kassahn
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] Technology Advancement Unit, Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Kelly Quek
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Charlotte Wilhelm-Benartzi
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Ed Curry
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Huei San Leong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Anne Hamilton
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Catherine Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jillian Hung
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Paul Harnett
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre and University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Michael Quinn
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jan Pyman
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen Cordner
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Patricia O'Brien
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Jodie Leditschke
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Greg Young
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Kate Strachan
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Paul Waring
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Walid Azar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Chris Mitchell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Heather Thorne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Mark Shackleton
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David K Miller
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Gisela Mir Arnau
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Semple
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Ivon Harliwong
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Craig Nourse
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Ehsan Nourbakhsh
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Suzanne Manning
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Senel Idrisoglu
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Timothy J C Bruxner
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Barsha Poudel
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew Lonie
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Nathan Hall
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Darrin F Taylor
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - J Lynn Fink
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Nick Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5450, USA
| | - Euan Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Robert Brown
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | | | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Emma Markham
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Jason Ellul
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Orla McNally
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Maria A Doyle
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | | | - Collin Stewart
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | | | - John V Pearson
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] WolfsonWohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David D L Bowtell
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [4] Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK [5] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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27
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Patch AM, Christie EL, Etemadmoghadam D, Garsed DW, George J, Fereday S, Nones K, Cowin P, Alsop K, Bailey PJ, Kassahn KS, Newell F, Quinn MCJ, Kazakoff S, Quek K, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Curry E, Leong HS, Hamilton A, Mileshkin L, Au-Yeung G, Kennedy C, Hung J, Chiew YE, Harnett P, Friedlander M, Quinn M, Pyman J, Cordner S, O'Brien P, Leditschke J, Young G, Strachan K, Waring P, Azar W, Mitchell C, Traficante N, Hendley J, Thorne H, Shackleton M, Miller DK, Arnau GM, Tothill RW, Holloway TP, Semple T, Harliwong I, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Manning S, Idrisoglu S, Bruxner TJC, Christ AN, Poudel B, Holmes O, Anderson M, Leonard C, Lonie A, Hall N, Wood S, Taylor DF, Xu Q, Fink JL, Waddell N, Drapkin R, Stronach E, Gabra H, Brown R, Jewell A, Nagaraj SH, Markham E, Wilson PJ, Ellul J, McNally O, Doyle MA, Vedururu R, Stewart C, Lengyel E, Pearson JV, Waddell N, deFazio A, Grimmond SM, Bowtell DDL. Whole-genome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Nature 2015. [PMID: 26017449 DOI: 10.1038/nature14410] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) have experienced little improvement in overall survival, and standard treatment has not advanced beyond platinum-based combination chemotherapy, during the past 30 years. To understand the drivers of clinical phenotypes better, here we use whole-genome sequencing of tumour and germline DNA samples from 92 patients with primary refractory, resistant, sensitive and matched acquired resistant disease. We show that gene breakage commonly inactivates the tumour suppressors RB1, NF1, RAD51B and PTEN in HGSC, and contributes to acquired chemotherapy resistance. CCNE1 amplification was common in primary resistant and refractory disease. We observed several molecular events associated with acquired resistance, including multiple independent reversions of germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in individual patients, loss of BRCA1 promoter methylation, an alteration in molecular subtype, and recurrent promoter fusion associated with overexpression of the drug efflux pump MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Patch
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | | | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Prue Cowin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Peter J Bailey
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] WolfsonWohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karin S Kassahn
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] Technology Advancement Unit, Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Kelly Quek
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Charlotte Wilhelm-Benartzi
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Ed Curry
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Huei San Leong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | | | - Anne Hamilton
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Catherine Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jillian Hung
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Paul Harnett
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre and University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Michael Quinn
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jan Pyman
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen Cordner
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Patricia O'Brien
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Jodie Leditschke
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Greg Young
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Kate Strachan
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Paul Waring
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Walid Azar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Chris Mitchell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Heather Thorne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Mark Shackleton
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David K Miller
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Gisela Mir Arnau
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Semple
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Ivon Harliwong
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Craig Nourse
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Ehsan Nourbakhsh
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Suzanne Manning
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Senel Idrisoglu
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Timothy J C Bruxner
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Barsha Poudel
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew Lonie
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Nathan Hall
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Darrin F Taylor
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - J Lynn Fink
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Nick Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5450, USA
| | - Euan Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Robert Brown
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | | | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Emma Markham
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Jason Ellul
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Orla McNally
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Maria A Doyle
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | | | - Collin Stewart
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | | | - John V Pearson
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] WolfsonWohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David D L Bowtell
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [4] Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK [5] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Leong HS, Galletta L, Etemadmoghadam D, George J, Köbel M, Ramus SJ, Bowtell D. Efficient molecular subtype classification of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Pathol 2015; 236:272-7. [PMID: 25810134 DOI: 10.1002/path.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) account for approximately 70% of all epithelial ovarian cancers diagnosed. Using microarray gene expression profiling, we previously identified four molecular subtypes of HGSC: C1 (mesenchymal), C2 (immunoreactive), C4 (differentiated), and C5 (proliferative), which correlate with patient survival and have distinct biological features. Here, we describe molecular classification of HGSC based on a limited number of genes to allow cost-effective and high-throughput subtype analysis. We determined a minimal signature for accurate classification, including 39 differentially expressed and nine control genes from microarray experiments. Taqman-based (low-density arrays and Fluidigm), fluorescent oligonucleotides (Nanostring), and targeted RNA sequencing (Illumina) assays were then compared for their ability to correctly classify fresh and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. All platforms achieved > 90% classification accuracy with RNA from fresh frozen samples. The Illumina and Nanostring assays were superior with fixed material. We found that the C1, C2, and C4 molecular subtypes were largely consistent across multiple surgical deposits from individual chemo-naive patients. In contrast, we observed substantial subtype heterogeneity in patients whose primary ovarian sample was classified as C5. The development of an efficient molecular classifier of HGSC should enable further biological characterization of molecular subtypes and the development of targeted clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei San Leong
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Galletta
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Bowtell
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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Etemadmoghadam D, Bowtell D. AKT1 gene amplification as a biomarker of treatment response in ovarian cancer: mounting evidence of a therapeutic target. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 135:409-10. [PMID: 25498304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Leong HS, Galletta L, Etemadmoghadam D, George J, Köbel M, Ramus SJ, Bowtell D. Efficient molecular subtype classification of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Pathol 2015. [PMID: 25810134 DOI: 10.1002/path.4536] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) account for approximately 70% of all epithelial ovarian cancers diagnosed. Using microarray gene expression profiling, we previously identified four molecular subtypes of HGSC: C1 (mesenchymal), C2 (immunoreactive), C4 (differentiated), and C5 (proliferative), which correlate with patient survival and have distinct biological features. Here, we describe molecular classification of HGSC based on a limited number of genes to allow cost-effective and high-throughput subtype analysis. We determined a minimal signature for accurate classification, including 39 differentially expressed and nine control genes from microarray experiments. Taqman-based (low-density arrays and Fluidigm), fluorescent oligonucleotides (Nanostring), and targeted RNA sequencing (Illumina) assays were then compared for their ability to correctly classify fresh and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. All platforms achieved > 90% classification accuracy with RNA from fresh frozen samples. The Illumina and Nanostring assays were superior with fixed material. We found that the C1, C2, and C4 molecular subtypes were largely consistent across multiple surgical deposits from individual chemo-naive patients. In contrast, we observed substantial subtype heterogeneity in patients whose primary ovarian sample was classified as C5. The development of an efficient molecular classifier of HGSC should enable further biological characterization of molecular subtypes and the development of targeted clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei San Leong
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Galletta
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Bowtell
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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Topp MD, Hartley L, Cook M, Heong V, Boehm E, McShane L, Pyman J, McNally O, Ananda S, Harell MI, Etemadmoghadam D, Galletta L, Alsop K, Mitchell G, Fox SB, Kerr JB, Hutt KJ, Kaufmann SH, Swisher EM, Bowtell DD, Wakefield MM, Scott CL. Abstract 38: Using molecularly characterized patient-derived models to delineate underlying drivers and vulnerabilities of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.cansusc14-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Treatment options for women with ovarian cancer remain very limited and acquired resistance to current therapies is very common. Altered DNA repair capability in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) may underlie response to both standard therapy and novel treatments, such as PARP inhibitors. Molecular sub-classification of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) may uncover potential drug targets and possible mechanisms of drug resistance. Understanding the contribution of DNA repair and other driver mutations to drug response and resistance requires the development of molecularly annotated preclinical models reflective of the clinic.
Methods: A patient derived xenograft (PDX) cohort has been generated from consecutive, chemotherapy-naïve human HG-SOC and stratified according to in vivo response to standard chemotherapy, DNA repair capability and molecular characteristics, including next generation sequencing by Foundation Medicine. Resistance to therapy is driven by re-treating relapsed PDX in vivo providing invaluable “paired samples” (pre and post drug treatment), which are difficult to obtain from patients, to allow clonal evolution analysis of mechanisms of drug response and resistance.
Results: The xenograft success rate was 83%. Of ten HG-SOC PDX, all exhibited mutations in TP53, five in BRCA1/2 (two of which were germline) and two were methylated for BRCA1. In vivo cisplatin response, determined as platinum sensitive (progression-free interval (PFI) ≥100 d, n=4), platinum resistant (PFI <100 d, n=3) or platinum refractory (n=3), was largely consistent with patient outcome. Three of four platinum sensitive HG-SOC PDX contained DNA repair gene mutations, and the fourth was methylated for BRCA1. In contrast, all three platinum refractory PDX overexpressed dominant oncogenes (CCNE1, LIN28B and/or BCL2). Molecular analysis of this cohort has revealed actionable targets for novel therapeutic strategies. In vivo studies, including with PARP inhibitors, are underway.
Conclusion: PDX with histologic, molecular and therapeutic annotation, as well as clinical outcome data allow interrogation of molecular aberrations and drug resistance in vivo. This will inform targeting of novel therapies and the design of clinical trials for women.
Citation Format: Monique D. Topp, Lynne Hartley, Michele Cook, Valerie Heong, Emma Boehm, Lauren McShane, Jan Pyman, Orla McNally, Sumi Ananda, Maria I. Harell, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, Laura Galletta, Kathryn Alsop, Gillian Mitchell, Stephen B. Fox, Jeff B. Kerr, Karla J. Hutt, Scott H. Kaufmann, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study (AOCS), Elizabeth M. Swisher, David D. Bowtell, Matthew M. Wakefield, Clare L. Scott. Using molecularly characterized patient-derived models to delineate underlying drivers and vulnerabilities of epithelial ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Susceptibility and Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes; Jan 29-Feb 1, 2014; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(23 Suppl):Abstract nr 38. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CANSUSC14-38
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique D. Topp
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,
- 5Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Lynne Hartley
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Michele Cook
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Valerie Heong
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,
- 2The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,
- 9University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Emma Boehm
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Lauren McShane
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Jan Pyman
- 2The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Orla McNally
- 2The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Sumi Ananda
- 2The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,
| | | | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- 4Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia,
- 9University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
| | | | - Kathryn Alsop
- 4Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia,
| | | | - Stephen B. Fox
- 4Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia,
- 9University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
| | | | - Karla J. Hutt
- 5Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,
- 6Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,
| | | | | | - David D. Bowtell
- 4Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia,
- 9University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Matthew M. Wakefield
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,
- 9University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Clare L. Scott
- 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,
- 2The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,
- 9University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia,
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Emmanuel C, Chiew YE, George J, Etemadmoghadam D, Anglesio MS, Sharma R, Russell P, Kennedy C, Fereday S, Hung J, Galletta L, Hogg R, Wain GV, Brand A, Balleine R, MacConaill L, Palescandolo E, Hunter SM, Campbell I, Dobrovic A, Wong SQ, Do H, Clarke CL, Harnett PR, Bowtell DDL, deFazio A. Genomic classification of serous ovarian cancer with adjacent borderline differentiates RAS pathway and TP53-mutant tumors and identifies NRAS as an oncogenic driver. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6618-30. [PMID: 25316818 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSC) are Ras pathway-mutated, TP53 wild-type, and frequently associated with borderline tumors. Patients with LGSCs respond poorly to platinum-based chemotherapy and may benefit from pathway-targeted agents. High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) are TP53-mutated and are thought to be rarely associated with borderline tumors. We sought to determine whether borderline histology associated with grade 2 or 3 carcinoma was an indicator of Ras mutation, and we explored the molecular relationship between coexisting invasive and borderline histologies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We reviewed >1,200 patients and identified 102 serous carcinomas with adjacent borderline regions for analyses, including candidate mutation screening, copy number, and gene expression profiling. RESULTS We found a similar frequency of low, moderate, and high-grade carcinomas with coexisting borderline histology. BRAF/KRAS alterations were common in LGSC; however, we also found recurrent NRAS mutations. Whereas borderline tumors harbored BRAF/KRAS mutations, NRAS mutations were restricted to carcinomas, representing the first example of a Ras oncogene with an obligatory association with invasive serous cancer. Coexisting borderline and invasive components showed nearly identical genomic profiles. Grade 2 cases with coexisting borderline included tumors with molecular features of LGSC, whereas others were typical of HGSC. However, all grade 3 carcinomas with coexisting borderline histology were molecularly indistinguishable from typical HGSC. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NRAS is an oncogenic driver in serous ovarian tumors. We demonstrate that borderline histology is an unreliable predictor of Ras pathway aberration and underscore an important role for molecular classification in identifying patients that may benefit from targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Emmanuel
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Anglesio
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raghwa Sharma
- University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Pathology West ICPMR Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Western Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Russell
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, University of Sydney, Camperdown New South Wales, Australia. Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Kennedy
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jillian Hung
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Galletta
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Russell Hogg
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerard V Wain
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison Brand
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Pathology West ICPMR Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Sally M Hunter
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Q Wong
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongdo Do
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine L Clarke
- University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul R Harnett
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna deFazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Topp MD, Hartley L, Cook M, Heong V, Boehm E, McShane L, Pyman J, McNally O, Ananda S, Harrell M, Etemadmoghadam D, Galletta L, Alsop K, Mitchell G, Fox SB, Kerr JB, Hutt KJ, Kaufmann SH, Swisher EM, Bowtell DD, Wakefield MJ, Scott CL. Molecular correlates of platinum response in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer patient-derived xenografts. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:656-68. [PMID: 24560445 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improvement in the ability to target underlying drivers and vulnerabilities of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) requires the development of molecularly annotated pre-clinical models reflective of clinical responses. METHODS We generated patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from consecutive, chemotherapy-naïve, human HG-SOC by transplanting fresh human HG-SOC fragments into subcutaneous and intra-ovarian bursal sites of NOD/SCID IL2Rγ(null) recipient mice, completed molecular annotation and assessed platinum sensitivity. RESULTS The success rate of xenografting was 83%. Of ten HG-SOC PDXs, all contained mutations in TP53, two were mutated for BRCA1, three for BRCA2, and in two, BRCA1 was methylated. In vivo cisplatin response, determined as platinum sensitive (progression-free interval ≥ 100 d, n = 4), resistant (progression-free interval <100 d, n = 3) or refractory (n = 3), was largely consistent with patient outcome. Three of four platinum sensitive HG-SOC PDXs contained DNA repair gene mutations, and the fourth was methylated for BRCA1. In contrast, all three platinum refractory PDXs overexpressed dominant oncogenes (CCNE1, LIN28B and/or BCL2). CONCLUSIONS Because PDX platinum response reflected clinical outcome, these annotated PDXs will provide a unique model system for preclinical testing of novel therapies for HG-SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique D Topp
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Lynne Hartley
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michele Cook
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Valerie Heong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Emma Boehm
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren McShane
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jan Pyman
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Orla McNally
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sumitra Ananda
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Galletta
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jeffrey B Kerr
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Karla J Hutt
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | | | - David D Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Karst AM, Jones PM, Vena N, Ligon AH, Liu JF, Hirsch MS, Etemadmoghadam D, Bowtell DDL, Drapkin R. Cyclin E1 deregulation occurs early in secretory cell transformation to promote formation of fallopian tube-derived high-grade serous ovarian cancers. Cancer Res 2013; 74:1141-52. [PMID: 24366882 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fallopian tube is now generally considered the dominant site of origin for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. However, the molecular pathogenesis of fallopian tube-derived serous carcinomas is poorly understood and there are few experimental studies examining the transformation of human fallopian tube cells. Prompted by recent genomic analyses that identified cyclin E1 (CCNE1) gene amplification as a candidate oncogenic driver in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, we evaluated the functional role of cyclin E1 in serous carcinogenesis. Cyclin E1 was expressed in early- and late-stage human tumor samples. In primary human fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells, cyclin E1 expression imparted malignant characteristics to untransformed cells if p53 was compromised, promoting an accumulation of DNA damage and altered transcription of DNA damage response genes related to DNA replication stress. Together, our findings corroborate the hypothesis that cyclin E1 dysregulation acts to drive malignant transformation in fallopian tube secretory cells that are the site of origin of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Karst
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Medical Oncology; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Department of Pathology, Division of Cytogenetics; Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Etemadmoghadam D, Au-Yeung G, Wall M, Mitchell C, Kansara M, Loehrer E, Batzios C, George J, Ftouni S, Weir BA, Carter S, Gresshoff I, Mileshkin L, Rischin D, Hahn WC, Waring PM, Getz G, Cullinane C, Campbell LJ, Bowtell DD. Resistance to CDK2 inhibitors is associated with selection of polyploid cells in CCNE1-amplified ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5960-71. [PMID: 24004674 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Amplification of cyclin E1 (CCNE1) is associated with poor outcome in breast, lung, and other solid cancers, and is the most prominent structural variant associated with primary treatment failure in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). We have previously shown that CCNE1-amplified tumors show amplicon-dependent sensitivity to CCNE1 suppression. Here, we explore targeting CDK2 as a novel therapeutic strategy in CCNE1-amplified cancers and mechanisms of resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the effect of CDK2 suppression using RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitors in SK-OV-3, OVCAR-4, and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell lines. To identify mechanisms of resistance, we derived multiple, independent resistant sublines of OVCAR-3 to CDK2 inhibitors. Resistant cells were extensively characterized by gene expression and copy number analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting profiling and conventional karyotyping. In addition, we explored the relationship between CCNE1 amplification and polyploidy using data from primary tumors. RESULTS We validate CDK2 as a therapeutic target in CCNE1-amplified cells by showing selective sensitivity to suppression, either by gene knockdown or using small-molecule inhibitors. In addition, we identified two resistance mechanisms, one involving upregulation of CDK2 and another novel mechanism involving selection of polyploid cells from the pretreatment tumor population. Our analysis of genomic data shows that polyploidy is a feature of cancer genomes with CCNE1 amplification. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cyclinE1/CDK2 is an important therapeutic target in HGSC, but that resistance to CDK2 inhibitors may emerge due to upregulation of CDK2 target protein and through preexisting cellular polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Authors' Affiliations: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne; Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Medicine; Centre for Translational Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Karst AM, Jones PM, Vena N, Ligon AH, Liu JF, Hirsch MS, Etemadmoghadam D, Bowtell DD, Drapkin R. Abstract PR02: Cyclin E1 deregulation occurs early during fallopian tube tumorigenesis and promotes secretory cell transformation. Clin Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ovca13-pr02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The fallopian tube has been implicated as the dominant site of origin for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. However, the molecular pathogenesis of fallopian tube-derived serous cancer is poorly understood and there are few experimental studies examining the transformation of human fallopian tube cells. Recent genomic analyses have identified CCNE1 (Cyclin E1) gene amplification as a potential oncogenic driver of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma development. Here, we examine the oncogenic role of Cyclin E1 in serous carcinogenesis, first by characterizing its expression in both late-stage and early-stage human tumor samples, and secondly, by generating an experimental model of Cyclin E1-mediated transformation using primary human fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses, we show that Cyclin E1 is strongly expressed in a subset of late-stage high-grade serous carcinomas harboring CCNE1 amplification and that aberrant Cyclin E1 expression can occur very early during serous tumorigenesis, evident in non-invasive tubal carcinoma and putative precursor lesions. To examine the effects of constitutive Cyclin E1 expression in untransformed cells, we immortalized human fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells with TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) and mutant TP53R175H (representing early genetic alterations in serous tumorigenesis), followed by overexpression of CCNE1 or a vector control. Using a series of in vitro assays, we show that inappropriate Cyclin E1 expression imparts malignant characteristics to immortal fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells, including accelerated proliferation, loss of contact inhibition, and clonal growth ability. In addition, we use a combination of DNA damage assays and PCR array profiling to demonstrate that Cyclin E1 induces DNA double-strand and single-strand breaks, accompanied by up-regulation of DNA damage response genes involved in managing DNA replication stress. In sum, our results suggest that constitutive Cyclin E1 expression drives over-proliferation of untransformed but p53-compromised fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells, accompanied by an accumulation of DNA damage and altered expression of DNA damage response genes. Our data supports the hypothesis that Cyclin E1 promotes fallopian tube transformation by inducing replication stress-associated DNA damage, thus leading to chromosomal instability, and that CCNE1 amplification is a major driver of Cyclin E1 overexpression in high-grade serous carcinoma.
This abstract is also presented as Poster A1.
Citation Format: Alison M. Karst, Paul M. Jones, Natalie Vena, Azra H. Ligon, Joyce F. Liu, Michelle S. Hirsch, Dariush Etemadmoghadam, David D. Bowtell, Ronny Drapkin. Cyclin E1 deregulation occurs early during fallopian tube tumorigenesis and promotes secretory cell transformation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR02.
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George J, Alsop K, Etemadmoghadam D, Hondow H, Mikeska T, Dobrovic A, deFazio A, Smyth GK, Levine DA, Mitchell G, Bowtell DD. Nonequivalent gene expression and copy number alterations in high-grade serous ovarian cancers with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3474-84. [PMID: 23633455 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) accounts for the majority of epithelial ovarian cancer deaths. Genomic and functional data suggest that approximately half of unselected HGSC have disruption of the BRCA pathway and defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR). Pathway disruption is regarded as imparting a BRCAness phenotype. We explored the molecular changes in HGSC arising in association with specific BRCA1/BRCA2 somatic or germline mutations and in those with BRCA1 DNA promoter methylation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We describe gene expression and copy number analysis of two large cohorts of HGSC in which both germline and somatic inactivation of HRR has been measured. RESULTS BRCA1 disruptions were associated with the C2 (immunoreactive) molecular subtype of HGSC, characterized by intense intratumoral T-cell infiltration. We derived and validated a predictor of BRCA1 mutation or methylation status, but could not distinguish BRCA2 from wild-type tumors. DNA copy number analysis showed that cases with BRCA1 mutation were significantly associated with amplification both at 8q24 (frequencies: BRCA1 tumors 50%, BRCA2 tumors 32%, and wild-type tumors 9%) and regions of the X-chromosome specifically dysregulated in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC; BRCA1 62%, BRCA2 34%, and wild-type 35%). Tumors associated with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations shared a negative association with amplification at 19p13 (BRCA1 0%, BRCA2 3%, and wild-type 20%) and 19q12 (BRCA1 6%, BRCA2 3%, and wild-type 29%). CONCLUSION The molecular differences between tumors associated with BRCA1 compared with BRCA2 mutations are in accord with emerging clinical and pathologic data and support a growing appreciation of the relationship between HGSC and BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshy George
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Baumbusch LO, Helland Å, Wang Y, Liestøl K, Schaner ME, Holm R, Etemadmoghadam D, Alsop K, Brown P, Mitchell G, Fereday S, DeFazio A, Bowtell DDL, Kristensen GB, Lingjærde OC, Børresen-Dale AL. High levels of genomic aberrations in serous ovarian cancers are associated with better survival. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54356. [PMID: 23372714 PMCID: PMC3553118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability and copy number alterations in cancer are generally associated with poor prognosis; however, recent studies have suggested that extreme levels of genomic aberrations may be beneficial for the survival outcome for patients with specific tumour types. We investigated the extent of genomic instability in predominantly high-grade serous ovarian cancers (SOC) using two independent datasets, generated in Norway (n = 74) and Australia (n = 70), respectively. Genomic instability was quantified by the Total Aberration Index (TAI), a measure of the abundance and genomic size of copy number changes in a tumour. In the Norwegian cohort, patients with TAI above the median revealed significantly prolonged overall survival (p<0.001) and progression-free survival (p<0.05). In the Australian cohort, patients with above median TAI showed prolonged overall survival (p<0.05) and moderately, but not significantly, prolonged progression-free survival. Results were confirmed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with TAI as a continuous variable. Our results provide further evidence supporting an association between high level of genomic instability and prolonged survival of high-grade SOC patients, possibly as disturbed genome integrity may lead to increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars O Baumbusch
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Verhaak RGW, Tamayo P, Yang JY, Hubbard D, Zhang H, Creighton CJ, Fereday S, Lawrence M, Carter SL, Mermel CH, Kostic AD, Etemadmoghadam D, Saksena G, Cibulskis K, Duraisamy S, Levanon K, Sougnez C, Tsherniak A, Gomez S, Onofrio R, Gabriel S, Chin L, Zhang N, Spellman PT, Zhang Y, Akbani R, Hoadley KA, Kahn A, Köbel M, Huntsman D, Soslow RA, Defazio A, Birrer MJ, Gray JW, Weinstein JN, Bowtell DD, Drapkin R, Mesirov JP, Getz G, Levine DA, Meyerson M. Prognostically relevant gene signatures of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2012; 123:517-25. [PMID: 23257362 DOI: 10.1172/jci65833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the high risk of recurrence in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS-OvCa), the development of outcome predictors could be valuable for patient stratification. Using the catalog of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we developed subtype and survival gene expression signatures, which, when combined, provide a prognostic model of HGS-OvCa classification, named "Classification of Ovarian Cancer" (CLOVAR). We validated CLOVAR on an independent dataset consisting of 879 HGS-OvCa expression profiles. The worst outcome group, accounting for 23% of all cases, was associated with a median survival of 23 months and a platinum resistance rate of 63%, versus a median survival of 46 months and platinum resistance rate of 23% in other cases. Associating the outcome prediction model with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation status, residual disease after surgery, and disease stage further optimized outcome classification. Ovarian cancer is a disease in urgent need of more effective therapies. The spectrum of outcomes observed here and their association with CLOVAR signatures suggests variations in underlying tumor biology. Prospective validation of the CLOVAR model in the context of additional prognostic variables may provide a rationale for optimal combination of patient and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel G W Verhaak
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Cowin PA, George J, Fereday S, Loehrer E, Van Loo P, Cullinane C, Etemadmoghadam D, Ftouni S, Galletta L, Anglesio MS, Hendley J, Bowes L, Sheppard KE, Christie EL, Pearson RB, Harnett PR, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Friedlander M, McNally O, Quinn M, Campbell P, deFazio A, Bowtell DDL. LRP1B deletion in high-grade serous ovarian cancers is associated with acquired chemotherapy resistance to liposomal doxorubicin. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4060-73. [PMID: 22896685 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous cancer (HGSC), the most common subtype of ovarian cancer, often becomes resistant to chemotherapy, leading to poor patient outcomes. Intratumoral heterogeneity occurs in nearly all solid cancers, including ovarian cancer, contributing to the development of resistance mechanisms. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal genomic variation in HGSC using high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays. Multiple metastatic lesions from individual patients were analyzed along with 22 paired pretreatment and posttreatment samples. We documented regions of differential DNA copy number between multiple tumor biopsies that correlated with altered expression of genes involved in cell polarity and adhesion. In the paired primary and relapse cohort, we observed a greater degree of genomic change in tumors from patients that were initially sensitive to chemotherapy and had longer progression-free interval compared with tumors from patients that were resistant to primary chemotherapy. Notably, deletion or downregulation of the lipid transporter LRP1B emerged as a significant correlate of acquired resistance in our analysis. Functional studies showed that reducing LRP1B expression was sufficient to reduce the sensitivity of HGSC cell lines to liposomal doxorubicin, but not to doxorubicin, whereas LRP1B overexpression was sufficient to increase sensitivity to liposomal doxorubicin. Together, our findings underscore the large degree of variation in DNA copy number in spatially and temporally separated tumors in HGSC patients, and they define LRP1B as a potential contributor to the emergence of chemotherapy resistance in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue A Cowin
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang ZC, Birkbak NJ, Culhane AC, Drapkin R, Fatima A, Tian R, Schwede M, Alsop K, Daniels KE, Piao H, Liu J, Etemadmoghadam D, Miron A, Salvesen HB, Mitchell G, DeFazio A, Quackenbush J, Berkowitz RS, Iglehart JD, Bowtell DD, Matulonis UA. Profiles of genomic instability in high-grade serous ovarian cancer predict treatment outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5806-15. [PMID: 22912389 PMCID: PMC4205235 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade serous cancer (HGSC) is the most common cancer of the ovary and is characterized by chromosomal instability. Defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR) are associated with genomic instability in HGSC, and are exploited by therapy targeting DNA repair. Defective HRR causes uniparental deletions and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Our purpose is to profile LOH in HGSC and correlate our findings to clinical outcome, and compare HGSC and high-grade breast cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined LOH and copy number changes using single nucleotide polymorphism array data from three HGSC cohorts and compared results to a cohort of high-grade breast cancers. The LOH profiles in HGSC were matched to chemotherapy resistance and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS LOH-based clustering divided HGSC into two clusters. The major group displayed extensive LOH and was further divided into two subgroups. The second group contained remarkably less LOH. BRCA1 promoter methylation was associated with the major group. LOH clusters were reproducible when validated in two independent HGSC datasets. LOH burden in the major cluster of HGSC was similar to triple-negative, and distinct from other high-grade breast cancers. Our analysis revealed an LOH cluster with lower treatment resistance and a significant correlation between LOH burden and PFS. CONCLUSIONS Separating HGSC by LOH-based clustering produces remarkably stable subgroups in three different cohorts. Patients in the various LOH clusters differed with respect to chemotherapy resistance, and the extent of LOH correlated with PFS. LOH burden may indicate vulnerability to treatment targeting DNA repair, such as PARP1 inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genomic Instability
- Humans
- Loss of Heterozygosity/genetics
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Precision Medicine
- Prognosis
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang C. Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicolai Juul Birkbak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aedín C. Culhane
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aquila Fatima
- Department of Cancer Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruiyang Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Schwede
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Kathryn E. Daniels
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huiying Piao
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joyce Liu
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter, MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria
- Department of Biochemistry, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Alexander Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helga B. Salvesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ross S. Berkowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. Dirk Iglehart
- Department of Cancer Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David D.L. Bowtell
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter, MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria
- Department of Biochemistry, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria
| | | | - Ursula A. Matulonis
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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McBride DJ, Etemadmoghadam D, Cooke SL, Alsop K, George J, Butler A, Cho J, Galappaththige D, Greenman C, Howarth KD, Lau KW, Ng CK, Raine K, Teague J, Wedge DC, Cancer Study Group AO, Caubit X, Stratton MR, Brenton JD, Campbell PJ, Futreal PA, Bowtell DD. Tandem duplication of chromosomal segments is common in ovarian and breast cancer genomes. J Pathol 2012; 227:446-55. [PMID: 22514011 PMCID: PMC3428857 DOI: 10.1002/path.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of paired-end next generation sequencing approaches has made it possible to systematically characterize rearrangements of the cancer genome to base-pair level. Utilizing this approach, we report the first detailed analysis of ovarian cancer rearrangements, comparing high-grade serous and clear cell cancers, and these histotypes with other solid cancers. Somatic rearrangements were systematically characterized in eight high-grade serous and five clear cell ovarian cancer genomes and we report here the identification of > 600 somatic rearrangements. Recurrent rearrangements of the transcriptional regulator gene, TSHZ3, were found in three of eight serous cases. Comparison to breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer genomes revealed that a subset of ovarian cancers share a marked tandem duplication phenotype with triple-negative breast cancers. The tandem duplication phenotype was not linked to BRCA1/2 mutation, suggesting that other common mechanisms or carcinogenic exposures are operative. High-grade serous cancers arising in women with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation showed a high frequency of small chromosomal deletions. These findings indicate that BRCA1/2 germline mutation may contribute to widespread structural change and that other undefined mechanism(s), which are potentially shared with triple-negative breast cancer, promote tandem chromosomal duplications that sculpt the ovarian cancer genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McBride
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
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Topp M, Hartley L, Cook M, Etemadmoghadam D, Galleta L, Pyman J, McNally O, Haluska P, Swisher EM, Kaufmann SH, Wakefield M, Bowtell D, Scott CL. Targeting therapy based on preclinical analysis of clinical, molecular, and functional characteristics of individual high-grade serous ovarian cancers. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5073 Background: Recent molecular exploration of high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) has revealed potential targets for novel therapy based on altered DNA repair function, deregulated pathways and recurrent amplifications (Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. 2011. Nature 474). Improved pre-clinical models allowing analysis of specific molecular subsets of ovarian cancer are urgently required to test novel treatment strategies. Methods: We have generated a novel xenograft model of human high-grade serous OC (HG-SOC). Histologic, functional and molecular analysis of the novel xenograft cohort (at baseline and following xenotransplantation) allows stratification of individual HG-SOC for testing with appropriate targeted therapy. We perform functional analysis of in vitro Homologous Recombination (HR) DNA repair and drug response capabilities on fresh human HG-SOC immediately following surgical resection. Molecular classification (similar to Tothill [Clin Canc Res. 2008;14]); analysis of NHEJ pathway (Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108) and other DNA repair genes (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108) is performed. In vivo drug response is studied in murine xenografts. Results: Sixteen chemotherapy-naive potentially HG-SOC samples and associated clinical data have been collected. Functional evidence of DNA repair (HR) capability and response to DNA damaging agents will be presented, including IHC for markers of DNA damage (gH2AX), DNA repair (RAD51AP1) and apoptosis (capsase 3 cleavage). Molecular classification, DNA repair gene and DNA repair pathway analyses are underway. Twelve HG-SOC have been transplanted and 6 of the first 8 have successfully xenografted, with serial transplantation and phenotyping of xenograft derivatives underway. In vivo drug response will be presented. Conclusions: This xenograft model will enable us to address hypotheses generated by recent molecular analyses of human HG-SOC (Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. 2011. Nature 474; Clin Canc Res. 2008;14). Clinical, functional and molecular annotation will allow pre-clinical drug testing based on the plausible hypothesis approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Topp
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lynne Hartley
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michele Cook
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Jan Pyman
- Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Clare L. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Topp M, Hartley L, Cook M, Etemadmoghadam D, Galleta L, Moss P, Pyman J, McNally O, Haluska P, Swisher E, Kaufmann S, Kerr J, Wakefield M, AOCS AOCS, Bowtell D, Scott CL. Abstract 3276: A novel in vivo xenograft mouse model of human high-grade serous ovarian cancer, with clinical, molecular and functional annotation relevant for pre-clinical analysis. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The five year survival rate for women with ovarian cancer (OC) is less than 40%. Crucial to improving the outcomes for ovarian cancer patients is the development of accurate pre-clinical models of human epithelial OC, which can be used to unravel the mechanisms underlying its evolution and behaviour. Methods: We have generated a novel xenograft model of human high-grade serous OC (HG-SOC) in order to enable preclinical molecular and drug response assessment of individual HG-SOC: this includes a comparison of standard OC xeno-transplantion approaches (intra-peritoneal, subcutaneous and sub renal capsular), with the novel use of the rodent ovarian bursa, the orthotopic site. Utilising the rodent bursa may better replicate the relevant microenvironment and increase the success of EOC xeno-transplantion. Other aspects designed to optimize the model include the use of NOD-SCID-IL-2rg recipient mice, systemic estrogen supplementation and transplantation of fresh human HG-SOC fragments which have had no prior in vitro culture. Histological, functional and molecular analysis of the novel xenograft cohort (at baseline and following xenotransplantation) includes histological review; documentation of in vitro Homologous Recombination (HR) DNA repair and drug response capabilities (using novel α-irradiation and explant drug assays); classification according to molecular subtype (Tothill classfier); documentation of NHEJ pathway status, BRCA1/2 status and other DNA repair gene status. In vivo drug treatment studies are being performed, with the choice of treatment targeted to the specific molecular characteristics of the HG-SOC in question. Results: Fourteen consecutive chemotherapy naive potentially HG-SOC samples have been collected. Corresponding clinical data has been collected. Data concerning DNA repair capability and response to DNA damaging agents will be presented, including IHC for markers of DNA damage (γH2AX), DNA repair (RAD51) and apoptosis (capsase 3 cleavage). HG-SOC in this cohort have been classified according to Tothilll (Tothill et al 2008). Eight appropriate HG-SOC have been transplanted and 5 of the first 6 have successfully xenografted, with phenotyping of xenografts underway. In vivo analysis of response to cisplatin treatment and other relevant therapeutics will be presented. Conclusions: A novel xenograft model has been developed of human HG-SOC, which includes comparative characterization of important prognostic features both in the baseline panel of fresh human HG-SOC and in subsequent xenografts. This clinically, functionally and molecularly annotated consecutive xenograft cohort of HG-SOC will provide outstanding utility for the development of improved therapeutic approaches.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3276. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3276
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Topp
- 1Walter & Eliza Hall Inst. of Med. Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lynne Hartley
- 1Walter & Eliza Hall Inst. of Med. Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michele Cook
- 1Walter & Eliza Hall Inst. of Med. Research, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Laura Galleta
- 2Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phillip Moss
- 1Walter & Eliza Hall Inst. of Med. Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jan Pyman
- 3Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeff Kerr
- 6Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | - David Bowtell
- 2Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- 1Walter & Eliza Hall Inst. of Med. Research, Parkville, Australia
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Vaughan S, Coward JI, Bast Jr. RC, Berchuck A, Berek JS, Brenton JD, Coukos G, Crum CC, Drapkin R, Etemadmoghadam D, Friedlander M, Gabra H, Kaye SB, Lord CJ, Lengyel E, Levine DA, McNeish IA, Menon U, Mills GB, Nephew KP, Oza AM, Sood AK, Stronach EA, Walczak H, Bowtell DD, Balkwill FR. Rethinking ovarian cancer: recommendations for improving outcomes. Nat Rev Cancer 2011; 11:719-25. [PMID: 21941283 PMCID: PMC3380637 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 957] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There have been major advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of the human malignancies that are collectively referred to as ovarian cancer. At a recent Helene Harris Memorial Trust meeting, an international group of researchers considered actions that should be taken to improve the outcome for women with ovarian cancer. Nine major recommendations are outlined in this Opinion article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vaughan
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN
| | | | - Robert C. Bast Jr.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Ovarian Cancer Research Lab, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Andy Berchuck
- Duke University Medical Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, DUMC 3079, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jonathan S. Berek
- Stanford Women’s Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - James D. Brenton
- Cancer Research UK, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE
| | - George Coukos
- University of Pennsylvania, Center for Research on Women’s Health, 1315 Rm, BRB II/III, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Christopher C. Crum
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02445, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, JFB 215D, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Cancer Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Barker Street, Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN
| | - Stan B. Kaye
- Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden Hospital, Section of Medicine, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT
| | - Chris J. Lord
- Institute of Cancer Research, Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Institute, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2050, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Iain A. McNeish
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ
| | - Usha Menon
- University College London Elizabeth Garrett Institute of Women’s Health, Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515, Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Amit M. Oza
- Princess Margaret Hospital, 5th Floor Rm 5-717, 610 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Anil K. Sood
- University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Cancer Biology, Unit 1362, P.O. BOX 301439, Houston, Texas 77230, USA
| | - Euan A. Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN
| | - Henning Walczak
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ
| | - David D. Bowtell
- Corressponding author, DAVID BOWTELL, Head, Cancer Genomics and Genetics Program, Principal Investigator Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, , Lab 61-3-96561287, Office 61-3-96561356, Mail Address: Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1 A'Beckett St, Melbourne 8006, VIC. Australia, http://www.petermac-research.org.au
| | - Frances R. Balkwill
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Charterhouse Square, Barts and the London Medical School, London, EC1M 6BQ
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46
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Helland Å, Anglesio MS, George J, Cowin PA, Johnstone CN, House CM, Sheppard KE, Etemadmoghadam D, Melnyk N, Rustgi AK, Phillips WA, Johnsen H, Holm R, Kristensen GB, Birrer MJ, Pearson RB, Børresen-Dale AL, Huntsman DG, deFazio A, Creighton CJ, Smyth GK, Bowtell DDL. Deregulation of MYCN, LIN28B and LET7 in a molecular subtype of aggressive high-grade serous ovarian cancers. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18064. [PMID: 21533284 PMCID: PMC3076323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular subtypes of serous ovarian cancer have been recently described. Using data from independent datasets including over 900 primary tumour samples, we show that deregulation of the Let-7 pathway is specifically associated with the C5 molecular subtype of serous ovarian cancer. DNA copy number and gene expression of HMGA2, alleles of Let-7, LIN28, LIN28B, MYC, MYCN, DICER1, and RNASEN were measured using microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 127 samples using tissue microarrays and anti-HMGA2 antibodies. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation of bacterial artificial chromosomes hybridized to 239 ovarian tumours was used to measure translocation at the LIN28B locus. Short interfering RNA knockdown in ovarian cell lines was used to test the functionality of associations observed. Four molecular subtypes (C1, C2, C4, C5) of high-grade serous ovarian cancers were robustly represented in each dataset and showed similar pattern of patient survival. We found highly specific activation of a pathway involving MYCN, LIN28B, Let-7 and HMGA2 in the C5 molecular subtype defined by MYCN amplification and over-expression, over-expression of MYCN targets including the Let-7 repressor LIN28B, loss of Let-7 expression and HMGA2 amplification and over-expression. DICER1, a known Let-7 target, and RNASEN were over-expressed in C5 tumours. We saw no evidence of translocation at the LIN28B locus in C5 tumours. The reported interaction between LIN28B and Let-7 was recapitulated by siRNA knockdown in ovarian cancer cell lines. Our results associate deregulation of MYCN and downstream targets, including Let-7 and oncofetal genes, with serous ovarian cancer. We define for the first time how elements of an oncogenic pathway, involving multiple genes that contribute to stem cell renewal, is specifically altered in a molecular subtype of serous ovarian cancer. By defining the drivers of a molecular subtype of serous ovarian cancers we provide a novel strategy for targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åslaug Helland
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael S. Anglesio
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joshy George
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Prue A. Cowin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Colin M. House
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Nataliya Melnyk
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Centre, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Hilde Johnsen
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Holm
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar B. Kristensen
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael J. Birrer
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Richard B. Pearson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David G. Huntsman
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna deFazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at the Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chad J. Creighton
- Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David D. L. Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- * E-mail:
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47
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Emmanuel C, Gava N, Kennedy C, Balleine RL, Sharma R, Wain G, Brand A, Hogg R, Etemadmoghadam D, George J, Birrer MJ, Clarke CL, Chenevix-Trench G, Bowtell DDL, Harnett PR, deFazio A. Comparison of expression profiles in ovarian epithelium in vivo and ovarian cancer identifies novel candidate genes involved in disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17617. [PMID: 21423607 PMCID: PMC3057977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular events leading to epithelial ovarian cancer are poorly understood but
ovulatory hormones and a high number of life-time ovulations with concomitant
proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation, increases risk. We identified genes
that are regulated during the estrous cycle in murine ovarian surface epithelium
and analysed these profiles to identify genes dysregulated in human ovarian
cancer, using publically available datasets. We identified 338 genes that are
regulated in murine ovarian surface epithelium during the estrous cycle and
dysregulated in ovarian cancer. Six of seven candidates selected for
immunohistochemical validation were expressed in serous ovarian cancer,
inclusion cysts, ovarian surface epithelium and in fallopian tube epithelium.
Most were overexpressed in ovarian cancer compared with ovarian surface
epithelium and/or inclusion cysts (EpCAM, EZH2, BIRC5) although BIRC5 and EZH2
were expressed as highly in fallopian tube epithelium as in ovarian cancer. We
prioritised the 338 genes for those likely to be important for ovarian cancer
development by in silico analyses of copy number aberration and
mutation using publically available datasets and identified genes with
established roles in ovarian cancer as well as novel genes for which we have
evidence for involvement in ovarian cancer. Chromosome segregation emerged as an
important process in which genes from our list of 338 were over-represented
including two (BUB1, NCAPD2) for which there
is evidence of amplification and mutation. NUAK2, upregulated in ovarian surface
epithelium in proestrus and predicted to have a driver mutation in ovarian
cancer, was examined in a larger cohort of serous ovarian cancer where patients
with lower NUAK2 expression had shorter overall survival. In conclusion,
defining genes that are activated in normal epithelium in the course of
ovulation that are also dysregulated in cancer has identified a number of
pathways and novel candidate genes that may contribute to the development of
ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Emmanuel
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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48
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Etemadmoghadam D, George J, Cowin PA, Cullinane C, Kansara M, Gorringe KL, Smyth GK, Bowtell DDL. Amplicon-dependent CCNE1 expression is critical for clonogenic survival after cisplatin treatment and is correlated with 20q11 gain in ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15498. [PMID: 21103391 PMCID: PMC2980490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic amplification of 19q12 occurs in several cancer types including ovarian cancer where it is associated with primary treatment failure. We systematically attenuated expression of genes within the minimally defined 19q12 region in ovarian cell lines using short-interfering RNAs (siRNA) to identify driver oncogene(s) within the amplicon. Knockdown of CCNE1 resulted in G1/S phase arrest, reduced cell viability and apoptosis only in amplification-carrying cells. Although CCNE1 knockdown increased cisplatin resistance in short-term assays, clonogenic survival was inhibited after treatment. Gain of 20q11 was highly correlated with 19q12 amplification and spanned a 2.5 Mb region including TPX2, a centromeric protein required for mitotic spindle function. Expression of TPX2 was highly correlated with gene amplification and with CCNE1 expression in primary tumors. siRNA inhibition of TPX2 reduced cell viability but this effect was not amplicon-dependent. These findings demonstrate that CCNE1 is a key driver in the 19q12 amplicon required for survival and clonogenicity in cells with locus amplification. Co-amplification at 19q12 and 20q11 implies the presence of a cooperative mutational network. These observations have implications for the application of targeted therapies in CCNE1 dependent ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshy George
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Prue A. Cowin
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Translational Research Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maya Kansara
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kylie L. Gorringe
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - David D. L. Bowtell
- Cancer Genomics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- * E-mail:
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49
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Abstract
Cancer profiling studies have had a profound impact on our understanding of the biology of cancers in a number of ways, including providing insights into the biological heterogeneity of specific cancer types, identification of novel oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and defining pathways that interact to drive the growth of individual cancers. Several large-scale genomic studies are underway that aim to catalog all biologically significant mutational events in each cancer type, and these findings will allow researchers to understand how mutational networks function within individual tumors. The identification of molecular predictive and prognostic tools to facilitate treatment decisions is an important step for individualized patient therapy and, ultimately, in improving patient outcomes. Whereas there are still significant challenges to implementing genomic testing and targeted therapy into routine clinical practice, rapid technological advancements provide hope for overcoming these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue A Cowin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, East Melbourne, Australia 3002.
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50
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Gorringe KL, George J, Anglesio MS, Ramakrishna M, Etemadmoghadam D, Cowin P, Sridhar A, Williams LH, Boyle SE, Yanaihara N, Okamoto A, Urashima M, Smyth GK, Campbell IG, Bowtell DDL. Copy number analysis identifies novel interactions between genomic loci in ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20844748 PMCID: PMC2937017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease displaying complex genomic alterations, and consequently, it has been difficult to determine the most relevant copy number alterations with the scale of studies to date. We obtained genome-wide copy number alteration (CNA) data from four different SNP array platforms, with a final data set of 398 ovarian tumours, mostly of the serous histological subtype. Frequent CNA aberrations targeted many thousands of genes. However, high-level amplicons and homozygous deletions enabled filtering of this list to the most relevant. The large data set enabled refinement of minimal regions and identification of rare amplicons such as at 1p34 and 20q11. We performed a novel co-occurrence analysis to assess cooperation and exclusivity of CNAs and analysed their relationship to patient outcome. Positive associations were identified between gains on 19 and 20q, gain of 20q and loss of X, and between several regions of loss, particularly 17q. We found weak correlations of CNA at genomic loci such as 19q12 with clinical outcome. We also assessed genomic instability measures and found a correlation of the number of higher amplitude gains with poorer overall survival. By assembling the largest collection of ovarian copy number data to date, we have been able to identify the most frequent aberrations and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie L Gorringe
- Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium (VBCRC) Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
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