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Hughes R, Ahuja KDK, Patterson KAE, Holloway TP, Soward R, Jayasinghe S, Byrne NM, Hills AP. An exploration of the determinants of overweight and obesity and the capacity to intervene in North-West Tasmania: A stakeholder consultation. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:385-392. [PMID: 37331377 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED The capacity of communities to develop effective obesity prevention initiatives varies and should be a focus for obesity prevention intervention planning and investment. This research aimed at engaging and consulting local community stakeholders to identify determinants, needs, strategic priorities and capacity to act on overweight and obesity prevention in North-West (NW) Tasmania. METHODS A series of semi-structured interviews and thematic analyses was implemented to explore the knowledge, insights, experiences and attitudes of stakeholders. RESULTS Mental health and obesity were identified as major concerns and were often reported to share similar determinants. This study has identified health promotion capacity assets (existing partnerships, community capital, local leadership and some pockets of health promotion activity), and a range of capacity deficits (limited investment in health promotion, a small workforce, limited access to pertinent health information). CONCLUSIONS This study has identified health promotion capacity assets (existing partnerships, community capital, local leadership and some pockets of health promotion activity), and a range of capacity deficits (limited investment in health promotion, a small workforce, limited access to pertinent health information). SO WHAT?: Broad upstream socio-economic, cultural and environmental determinants underpin the conditions by which the local community develops overweight/obesity and/or health and wellbeing outcomes. Including stakeholder consultations as a significant technique within a comprehensive plan of action aimed at achieving a sustainable, long-term strategy for obesity prevention and/or health promotion, should be considered in future programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kiran D K Ahuja
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kira A E Patterson
- Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy P Holloway
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Robert Soward
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sisitha Jayasinghe
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Holloway TP, Jayasinghe S, Dalton L, Kilpatrick ML, Hughes R, Patterson KAE, Soward R, Burgess K, Byrne NM, Hills AP, Ahuja KDK. Enhancing Food Literacy and Food Security through School Gardening in Rural and Regional Communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6794. [PMID: 37754653 PMCID: PMC10530311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A qualitative case study approach with in-depth, semi-structured interviews of key school staff, and student feedback was used to assess a school kitchen and garden program in the regional area of North-West Tasmania, Australia. A detailed program description was produced to conduct a realist evaluation with a Context-Mechanism-Outcome configuration, followed by a program theory evaluation through the construction of a retrospective program logic model. Dedicated kitchen and garden spaces, knowledgeable teachers committed to the program, provision of sufficient materials and consumables, and support from the school and community were found to be the basic requirements to establish a program. Additionally, it is essential to integrate both the kitchen and garden teaching components into the school curriculum. The positive outcomes (e.g., engagement, participation, knowledge, skills, behavioral change) of the program were dependent on the underlying factors, including dedicated support of school leadership, teaching staff, and the parent body for effective student engagement in the teaching spaces and for wider engagement from families and the community. The students' feedback provided supporting evidence of increased food literacy with improvements in their understanding, abilities, and attitudes towards gardening, producing healthy food, and preparing food. This may further lead to enhanced food security for students' families and the broader community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Holloway
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (L.D.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Sisitha Jayasinghe
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (L.D.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Lisa Dalton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (L.D.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Michelle L. Kilpatrick
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia;
| | - Roger Hughes
- School of Heath Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Kira A. E. Patterson
- School of Education, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Robert Soward
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (L.D.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | | | - Nuala M. Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (L.D.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Andrew P. Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (L.D.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Kiran D. K. Ahuja
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (L.D.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
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Herath MP, Murray S, Lewis M, Holloway TP, Hughes R, Jayasinghe S, Soward R, Patterson KAE, Byrne NM, Lee AJ, Hills AP, Ahuja KDK. Habitual Diets Are More Expensive than Recommended Healthy Diets. Nutrients 2023; 15:3908. [PMID: 37764692 PMCID: PMC10538131 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding food prices and affordability is crucial for promoting healthy dietary habits and informing policy actions. We assessed changes in the cost and affordability of habitual and recommended healthy diets in Northwest Tasmania from 2021 to 2023. The recommended diet was 16-22% less expensive than the habitual diet during the period. Notably, 60% of the total cost of the habitual diet was spent on discretionary items. The cost of the habitual diet increased by 9% in this period, whereas the cost of the recommended diet increased by only 2%. The habitual diet was unaffordable for households with median gross, minimum wage disposable or welfare-dependent incomes. The recommended diet, however, was affordable for some groups but posed a risk of food stress for those with median gross and minimum wage disposable income and remained unaffordable for those who were welfare dependent. Our findings reveal that adhering to a healthy Australian Dietary Guidelines-recommended diet can be more cost-effective than following a habitual unhealthy diet. However, adopting a healthy diet can be challenging for low-income families. Interventions such as financial support, nutrition education, community gardens and food hubs, as well as price regulation and subsidies for farmers, can help address food insecurity in Northwest Tasmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoja P. Herath
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.P.H.); (S.M.); (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Sandra Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.P.H.); (S.M.); (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Meron Lewis
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (M.L.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Timothy P. Holloway
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.P.H.); (S.M.); (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Roger Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Sisitha Jayasinghe
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.P.H.); (S.M.); (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Robert Soward
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.P.H.); (S.M.); (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Kira A. E. Patterson
- School of Education, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia;
| | - Nuala M. Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.P.H.); (S.M.); (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Amanda J. Lee
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (M.L.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Andrew P. Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.P.H.); (S.M.); (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
| | - Kiran D. K. Ahuja
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; (M.P.H.); (S.M.); (T.P.H.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (N.M.B.); (A.P.H.)
- Nutrition Society of Australia, Crows Nest, NSW 1585, Australia
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Holloway TP, Dalton L, Hughes R, Jayasinghe S, Patterson KAE, Murray S, Soward R, Byrne NM, Hills AP, Ahuja KDK. School Gardening and Health and Well-Being of School-Aged Children: A Realist Synthesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051190. [PMID: 36904189 PMCID: PMC10005652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
School environments can create healthy settings to foster children's health and well-being. School gardening is gaining popularity as an intervention for healthier eating and increased physical activity. We used a systematic realist approach to investigate how school gardens improve health and well-being outcomes for school-aged children, why, and in what circumstances. The context and mechanisms of the specific school gardening interventions (n = 24) leading to positive health and well-being outcomes for school-aged children were assessed. The impetus of many interventions was to increase fruit and vegetable intake and address the prevention of childhood obesity. Most interventions were conducted at primary schools with participating children in Grades 2 through 6. Types of positive outcomes included increased fruit and vegetable consumption, dietary fiber and vitamins A and C, improved body mass index, and improved well-being of children. Key mechanisms included embedding nutrition-based and garden-based education in the curriculum; experiential learning opportunities; family engagement and participation; authority figure engagement; cultural context; use of multi-prong approaches; and reinforcement of activities during implementation. This review shows that a combination of mechanisms works mutually through school gardening programs leading to improved health and well-being outcomes for school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Holloway
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Lisa Dalton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Roger Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Sisitha Jayasinghe
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Kira A. E. Patterson
- School of Education, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Sandra Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Robert Soward
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Nuala M. Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Kiran D. K. Ahuja
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
- Nutrition Society of Australia, Crows Nest, NSW 1585, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Mavragani A, Holloway TP, Soward R, Patterson KAE, Ahuja KDK, Dalton L, Murray S, Hughes R, Byrne NM, Hills AP. "An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure": Proposal for a Social Prescribing Strategy for Obesity Prevention and Improvement in Health and Well-being. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e41280. [PMID: 36800232 PMCID: PMC9985003 DOI: 10.2196/41280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social and behavioral determinants of health are increasingly recognized as central to effective person-centered intervention in clinical practice, disease management, and public health. Accordingly, social prescribing (SP) has received increased attention in recent times. The rampant global prevalence of obesity indicates that the customary, reductionistic, and disease-oriented biomedical approach to health service delivery is inadequate/ineffective at arresting the spread and mitigating the damaging consequences of the condition. There is an urgent need to shift the focus from reactive downstream disease-based treatments to more proactive, upstream, preventive action. In essence, this requires more effort to affect the paradigm shift from the traditional "biomedical approach of care" to a "biopsychosocial model" required to arrest the increasing prevalence of obesity. To this end, an SP approach, anchored in systems thinking, could be an effective means of moderating prevalence and consequences of obesity at a community level. OBJECTIVE The proposed SP intervention has the following three key objectives: (1) build a sustainable program for Circular Head based on SP, peer education, and health screening to minimize the incidence of obesity and related lifestyle diseases; (2) increase service and workforce connectivity and collaboration and initiate the introduction of new services and activities for obesity prevention and community health promotion; and (3) enhance health and well-being and minimize preventable adverse health outcomes of obesity and related lifestyle diseases through enhancement of food literacy and better nutrition, enhancement of physical literacy and habitual personal activity levels, and improvement of mental health, community connectedness, and reduction of social isolation. METHODS This paper describes a prospective SP strategy aimed at obesity prevention in Circular Head, a local government area in Northwest (NW) Tasmania. SP is a prominent strategy used in the Critical Age Periods Impacting the Trajectory of Obesogenic Lifestyles Project, which is an initiative based in NW Tasmania focused on assessing obesity prevention capacity. A social prescription model that facilitates the linkage of primary health screening with essential health care, education, and community resources through a dedicated "navigator" will be implemented. Four interlinked work packages will be implemented as part of the initial plan with each either building on existing resources or developing new initiatives. RESULTS A multimethod approach to triangulate insights from quantitative and qualitative research that enables the assessment of impact on individuals, community groups, and the health care system will be implemented within the initial pilot phase of the project. CONCLUSIONS Literature is replete with rhetoric advocating complex system approaches to curtail obesity. However, real-life examples of whole-of-systems interventions operationalized in ways that generate relevant evidence or effective policies are rare. The diverse approach for primary prevention of obesity-related lifestyle diseases and strategies for improvement of health and well-being described in this instance will contribute toward closing this evidence gap. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/41280.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy P Holloway
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Robert Soward
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Kira A E Patterson
- College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Kiran D K Ahuja
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Lisa Dalton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Sandra Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Roger Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
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Jayasinghe S, Soward R, Dalton L, Holloway TP, Murray S, Patterson KAE, Ahuja KDK, Hughes R, Byrne NM, Hills AP. Domains of Capacity Building in Whole-Systems Approaches to Prevent Obesity-A "Systematized" Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10997. [PMID: 36078714 PMCID: PMC9517932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased awareness of its risks, for the most part, contemporary efforts for obesity prevention have been patchy at best. As such, the burgeoning interest in whole-systems approaches (WSAs) that acknowledge the complex, dynamic nature of overweight and obesity and operate across multiple levels of society is particularly timely. Many components of "community capacity building" (CB), an essential but often neglected aspect of obesity prevention, overlap with "best practice principles" in effective/optimal community-based obesity-prevention initiatives. Rhetoric urging WSAs and community CB in public health abounds although operative and efficacious contemporary examples of these approaches to reducing obesity levels are scarce. The aim of this investigation was to undertake a systematized review of the level of capacity building incorporated in published literature on WSAs targeting obesity to better understand how domains of CB have been incorporated. A PubMed search and a recently published systematic review were utilized to identify WSAs to obesity prevention between 1995-2020. A team-based approach to qualitative thematic data analysis was used to systematically assess and describe each intervention regarding explicit capacity-building practice. Despite not being specifically designed for building capacity, a significant proportion of the WSAs studied in the current report had implemented several CB domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisitha Jayasinghe
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Robert Soward
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Lisa Dalton
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Holloway
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Sandra Murray
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Kira A. E. Patterson
- College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Kiran D. K. Ahuja
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Roger Hughes
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Nuala M. Byrne
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Hills
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
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Jayasinghe S, Soward R, Holloway TP, Patterson KAE, Ahuja KDK, Hughes R, Byrne NM, Hills AP. Why some do but too many don't? Barriers and enablers to physical activity in regional Tasmania - an exploratory, mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:627. [PMID: 35354448 PMCID: PMC8967567 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interconnectedness of physical inactivity and sedentarism, obesity, non-communicable disease (NCD) prevalence, and socio-economic costs, are well known. There is also strong research evidence regarding the mutuality between well-being outcomes and the neighbourhood environment. However, much of this evidence relates to urban contexts and there is a paucity of evidence in relation to regional communities. A better understanding of available physical activity (PA) infrastructure, its usage, and community perceptions regarding neighbourhood surroundings, could be very important in determining requirements for health improvement in regional communities. The aims of this research were to 1. Explore and evaluate the public’s perception of the PA environment; and 2. Evaluate the quantity, variety, and quality of existing PA infrastructure in regional Northwest (NW) Tasmania. Methods A mixed methods approach guided data collection, analysis, and presentation. Quality of PA infrastructure was assessed using the Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument and public perception about PA environment was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Environmental (IPAQ-E) module. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive summative methods and a team-based researcher triangulation approach was utilised for qualitative data. Results Overall, a wide array of high-quality PA infrastructure (with minimal incivilities such as auditory annoyance, litter, graffiti, dog refuse, and vandalism etc.) was available. Survey respondents rated neighbourhoods positively. The overall quality of PA infrastructure, rated on a scale from 0 to 3, was assessed as high (all rated between 2 to 3) with minimal incivilities (rated between 0 and 1.5). Of note, survey respondents confirmed the availability of numerous free-to-access recreational tracks and natural amenities across the 3 local government areas (LGAs) studied. Importantly, most respondents reported minimal disruption to their routine PA practices due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion This exploratory research confirmed the availability of a wide range of high-quality PA infrastructure across all three LGAs and there was an overwhelming public appreciation of this infrastructure. The challenge remains to implement place-based PA interventions that address extant barriers and further increase public awareness and utilisation of high-quality PA infrastructure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13001-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisitha Jayasinghe
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Robert Soward
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy P Holloway
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kira A E Patterson
- College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kiran D K Ahuja
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Roger Hughes
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Jayasinghe S, Flies EJ, Soward R, Kendal D, Kilpatrick M, Holloway TP, Patterson KAE, Ahuja KDK, Hughes R, Byrne NM, Hills AP. A Spatial Analysis of Access to Physical Activity Infrastructure and Healthy Food in Regional Tasmania. Front Public Health 2021; 9:773609. [PMID: 34926390 PMCID: PMC8671161 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.773609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity continues to increase in regional areas such as North-West (NW) Tasmania and show no signs of abating. It is possible that limited access to physical activity infrastructure (PAI) and healthier food options are exacerbating the low levels of habitual physical activity and obesity prevalence in these communities. Despite a burgeoning research base, concomitant exploration of both physical activity and food environments in rural and regional areas remain scarce. This research evaluated access (i.e., coverage, variety, density, and proximity) to physical activity resources and food outlets in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) in three NW Tasmanian communities. In all three study areas, the PAI and food outlets were largely concentrated in the main urban areas with most recreational tracks and natural amenities located along the coastline or river areas. Circular Head had the lowest total number of PAI (n = 43) but a greater proportion (30%) of free-to-access outdoor amenities. There was marked variation in accessibility to infrastructure across different areas of disadvantage within and between sites. For a considerable proportion of the population, free-to-access natural amenities/green spaces and recreational tracks (73 and 57%, respectively) were beyond 800 m from their households. In relation to food accessibility, only a small proportion of the food outlets across the region sells predominantly healthy (i.e., Tier 1) foods (~6, 13, and 10% in Burnie, Circular Head and Devonport, respectively). Similarly, only a small proportion of the residents are within a reasonable walking distance (i.e., 5–10 min walk) from outlets. In contrast, a much larger proportion of residents lived close to food outlets selling predominantly energy-dense, highly processed food (i.e., Tier 2 outlets). Circular Head had at least twice as many Tier 1 food stores per capita than Devonport and Burnie (0.23 vs. 0.10 and 0.06; respectively) despite recording the highest average distance (4.35 and 5.66 km to Tier 2/Tier 1 stores) to a food outlet. As such, it is possible that both food and physical activity environment layouts in each site are contributing to the obesogenic nature of each community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisitha Jayasinghe
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Emily J Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Healthy Landscapes Research Group, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Robert Soward
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michelle Kilpatrick
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Timothy P Holloway
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kira A E Patterson
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kiran D K Ahuja
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Roger Hughes
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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9
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Etemadmoghadam D, Azar WJ, Lei Y, Moujaber T, Garsed DW, Kennedy CJ, Fereday S, Mitchell C, Chiew YE, Hendley J, Sharma R, Harnett PR, Li J, Christie EL, Patch AM, George J, Au-Yeung G, Mir Arnau G, Holloway TP, Semple T, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Grimmond SM, Köbel M, Rizos H, Lomakin IB, Bowtell DDL, deFazio A. EIF1AX and NRAS Mutations Co-occur and Cooperate in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas. Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28646021 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSC) are associated with a poor response to chemotherapy and are molecularly characterized by RAS pathway activation. Using exome and whole genome sequencing, we identified recurrent mutations in the protein translational regulator EIF1AX and in NF1, USP9X, KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS RAS pathway mutations were mutually exclusive; however, we found significant co-occurrence of mutations in NRAS and EIF1AX Missense EIF1AX mutations were clustered at the N-terminus of the protein in a region associated with its role in ensuring translational initiation fidelity. Coexpression of mutant NRAS and EIF1AX proteins promoted proliferation and clonogenic survival in LGSC cells, providing the first example of co-occurring, growth-promoting mutational events in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4268-78. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Walid J Azar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ying Lei
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tania Moujaber
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine J Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Mitchell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raghwa Sharma
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Pathology West ICPMR, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Western Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul R Harnett
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Timothy Semple
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Foothill Medical Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Helen Rizos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ivan B Lomakin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Patch AM, Christie EL, Etemadmoghadam D, Garsed DW, George J, Fereday S, Nones K, Cowin P, Alsop K, Bailey PJ, Kassahn KS, Newell F, Quinn MCJ, Kazakoff S, Quek K, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Curry E, Leong HS, Hamilton A, Mileshkin L, Au-Yeung G, Kennedy C, Hung J, Chiew YE, Harnett P, Friedlander M, Quinn M, Pyman J, Cordner S, O'Brien P, Leditschke J, Young G, Strachan K, Waring P, Azar W, Mitchell C, Traficante N, Hendley J, Thorne H, Shackleton M, Miller DK, Arnau GM, Tothill RW, Holloway TP, Semple T, Harliwong I, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Manning S, Idrisoglu S, Bruxner TJC, Christ AN, Poudel B, Holmes O, Anderson M, Leonard C, Lonie A, Hall N, Wood S, Taylor DF, Xu Q, Fink JL, Waddell N, Drapkin R, Stronach E, Gabra H, Brown R, Jewell A, Nagaraj SH, Markham E, Wilson PJ, Ellul J, McNally O, Doyle MA, Vedururu R, Stewart C, Lengyel E, Pearson JV, Waddell N, deFazio A, Grimmond SM, Bowtell DDL. Corrigendum: Whole-genome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Nature 2015; 527:398. [PMID: 26503049 DOI: 10.1038/nature15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Patch AM, Christie EL, Etemadmoghadam D, Garsed DW, George J, Fereday S, Nones K, Cowin P, Alsop K, Bailey PJ, Kassahn KS, Newell F, Quinn MCJ, Kazakoff S, Quek K, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Curry E, Leong HS, Hamilton A, Mileshkin L, Au-Yeung G, Kennedy C, Hung J, Chiew YE, Harnett P, Friedlander M, Quinn M, Pyman J, Cordner S, O'Brien P, Leditschke J, Young G, Strachan K, Waring P, Azar W, Mitchell C, Traficante N, Hendley J, Thorne H, Shackleton M, Miller DK, Arnau GM, Tothill RW, Holloway TP, Semple T, Harliwong I, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Manning S, Idrisoglu S, Bruxner TJC, Christ AN, Poudel B, Holmes O, Anderson M, Leonard C, Lonie A, Hall N, Wood S, Taylor DF, Xu Q, Fink JL, Waddell N, Drapkin R, Stronach E, Gabra H, Brown R, Jewell A, Nagaraj SH, Markham E, Wilson PJ, Ellul J, McNally O, Doyle MA, Vedururu R, Stewart C, Lengyel E, Pearson JV, Waddell N, deFazio A, Grimmond SM, Bowtell DDL. Whole-genome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Nature 2015; 521:489-94. [PMID: 26017449 DOI: 10.1038/nature14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1050] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) have experienced little improvement in overall survival, and standard treatment has not advanced beyond platinum-based combination chemotherapy, during the past 30 years. To understand the drivers of clinical phenotypes better, here we use whole-genome sequencing of tumour and germline DNA samples from 92 patients with primary refractory, resistant, sensitive and matched acquired resistant disease. We show that gene breakage commonly inactivates the tumour suppressors RB1, NF1, RAD51B and PTEN in HGSC, and contributes to acquired chemotherapy resistance. CCNE1 amplification was common in primary resistant and refractory disease. We observed several molecular events associated with acquired resistance, including multiple independent reversions of germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in individual patients, loss of BRCA1 promoter methylation, an alteration in molecular subtype, and recurrent promoter fusion associated with overexpression of the drug efflux pump MDR1.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Cyclin E/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/drug therapy
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Genes, BRCA1
- Genes, BRCA2
- Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1
- Genome, Human/genetics
- Germ-Line Mutation/genetics
- Humans
- Mutagenesis/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Retinoblastoma Protein/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Patch
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | | | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Prue Cowin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Peter J Bailey
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] WolfsonWohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karin S Kassahn
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] Technology Advancement Unit, Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Kelly Quek
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Charlotte Wilhelm-Benartzi
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Ed Curry
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Huei San Leong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Anne Hamilton
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Catherine Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jillian Hung
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Paul Harnett
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre and University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Michael Quinn
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jan Pyman
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen Cordner
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Patricia O'Brien
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Jodie Leditschke
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Greg Young
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Kate Strachan
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Paul Waring
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Walid Azar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Chris Mitchell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Heather Thorne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Mark Shackleton
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David K Miller
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Gisela Mir Arnau
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Semple
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Ivon Harliwong
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Craig Nourse
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Ehsan Nourbakhsh
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Suzanne Manning
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Senel Idrisoglu
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Timothy J C Bruxner
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Barsha Poudel
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew Lonie
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Nathan Hall
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Darrin F Taylor
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - J Lynn Fink
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Nick Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5450, USA
| | - Euan Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Robert Brown
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | | | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Emma Markham
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Jason Ellul
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Orla McNally
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Maria A Doyle
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | | | - Collin Stewart
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | | | - John V Pearson
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] WolfsonWohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David D L Bowtell
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [4] Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK [5] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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12
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Patch AM, Christie EL, Etemadmoghadam D, Garsed DW, George J, Fereday S, Nones K, Cowin P, Alsop K, Bailey PJ, Kassahn KS, Newell F, Quinn MCJ, Kazakoff S, Quek K, Wilhelm-Benartzi C, Curry E, Leong HS, Hamilton A, Mileshkin L, Au-Yeung G, Kennedy C, Hung J, Chiew YE, Harnett P, Friedlander M, Quinn M, Pyman J, Cordner S, O'Brien P, Leditschke J, Young G, Strachan K, Waring P, Azar W, Mitchell C, Traficante N, Hendley J, Thorne H, Shackleton M, Miller DK, Arnau GM, Tothill RW, Holloway TP, Semple T, Harliwong I, Nourse C, Nourbakhsh E, Manning S, Idrisoglu S, Bruxner TJC, Christ AN, Poudel B, Holmes O, Anderson M, Leonard C, Lonie A, Hall N, Wood S, Taylor DF, Xu Q, Fink JL, Waddell N, Drapkin R, Stronach E, Gabra H, Brown R, Jewell A, Nagaraj SH, Markham E, Wilson PJ, Ellul J, McNally O, Doyle MA, Vedururu R, Stewart C, Lengyel E, Pearson JV, Waddell N, deFazio A, Grimmond SM, Bowtell DDL. Whole-genome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Nature 2015. [PMID: 26017449 DOI: 10.1038/nature14410] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) have experienced little improvement in overall survival, and standard treatment has not advanced beyond platinum-based combination chemotherapy, during the past 30 years. To understand the drivers of clinical phenotypes better, here we use whole-genome sequencing of tumour and germline DNA samples from 92 patients with primary refractory, resistant, sensitive and matched acquired resistant disease. We show that gene breakage commonly inactivates the tumour suppressors RB1, NF1, RAD51B and PTEN in HGSC, and contributes to acquired chemotherapy resistance. CCNE1 amplification was common in primary resistant and refractory disease. We observed several molecular events associated with acquired resistance, including multiple independent reversions of germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in individual patients, loss of BRCA1 promoter methylation, an alteration in molecular subtype, and recurrent promoter fusion associated with overexpression of the drug efflux pump MDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Patch
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | | | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Prue Cowin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Peter J Bailey
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] WolfsonWohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karin S Kassahn
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] Technology Advancement Unit, Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Michael C J Quinn
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Kelly Quek
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Charlotte Wilhelm-Benartzi
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Ed Curry
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Huei San Leong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | | | - Anne Hamilton
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Catherine Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jillian Hung
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Paul Harnett
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre and University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Michael Quinn
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jan Pyman
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen Cordner
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Patricia O'Brien
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Jodie Leditschke
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Greg Young
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Kate Strachan
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria 3006, Australia
| | - Paul Waring
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Walid Azar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Chris Mitchell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Heather Thorne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Mark Shackleton
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David K Miller
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Gisela Mir Arnau
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Semple
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Ivon Harliwong
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Craig Nourse
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Ehsan Nourbakhsh
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Suzanne Manning
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Senel Idrisoglu
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Timothy J C Bruxner
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Barsha Poudel
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew Lonie
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Nathan Hall
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Darrin F Taylor
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - J Lynn Fink
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Nick Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5450, USA
| | - Euan Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Robert Brown
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | | | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Emma Markham
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Jason Ellul
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Orla McNally
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Maria A Doyle
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | | | - Collin Stewart
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | | | - John V Pearson
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, and Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- 1] Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia [2] WolfsonWohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David D L Bowtell
- 1] Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [3] Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [4] Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK [5] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Sarsero JP, Holloway TP, Li L, Finkelstein DI, Ioannou PA. Rescue of the Friedreich ataxia knockout mutation in transgenic mice containing an FXN-EGFP genomic reporter. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93307. [PMID: 24667739 PMCID: PMC3965543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurodegeneration and cardiomyopathy. The presence of a GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of the FXN gene results in the inhibition of gene expression and an insufficiency of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. We previously generated BAC-based transgenic mice containing an FXN-EGFP genomic reporter construct in which the EGFP gene is fused in-frame immediately following the final codon of exon 5a of the human FXN gene. These transgenic mice were mated with mice heterozygous for a knockout mutation of the murine Fxn gene, to generate mice homozygous for the Fxn knockout mutation and hemizygous or homozygous for the human transgene. Rescue of the embryonic lethality that is associated with homozygosity for the Fxn knockout mutation was observed. Rescue mice displayed normal behavioral and histological parameters with normal viability, fertility and life span and without any signs of aberrant phenotype. Immunoblotting demonstrated the production of full-length frataxin-EGFP fusion protein that appears to act as a bifunctional hybrid protein. This study shows frataxin replacement may be a viable therapeutic option. Further, these mice should provide a useful resource for the study of human FXN gene expression, frataxin function, the evaluation of pharmacologic inducers of FXN expression in a whole-animal model and provide a useful source of cells for stem cell transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Sarsero
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Holloway
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lingli Li
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Panos A. Ioannou
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Holloway TP, Rowley SM, Delatycki MB, Sarsero JP. Detection of interruptions in the GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FXN gene of Friedreich ataxia. Biotechniques 2011; 50:182-6. [PMID: 21486239 DOI: 10.2144/000113615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a GAA trinucleotide repeat sequence within the first intron of the FXN gene. Interruptions in the GAA repeat may serve to alleviate the inhibitory effects of the GAA expansion on FXN gene expression and to decrease pathogenicity. We have developed a simple and rapid PCR- and restriction enzyme-based assay to assess the purity of GAA repeat sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Holloway
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Poortinga G, Wall M, Sanij E, Siwicki K, Ellul J, Brown D, Holloway TP, Hannan RD, McArthur GA. c-MYC coordinately regulates ribosomal gene chromatin remodeling and Pol I availability during granulocyte differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:3267-81. [PMID: 21177653 PMCID: PMC3082905 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of c-MYC is required for downregulation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene (rDNA) transcription by RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) during granulocyte differentiation. Here, we demonstrate a robust reduction of Pol I loading onto rDNA that along with a depletion of the MYC target gene upstream binding factor (UBF) and a switch from epigenetically active to silent rDNA accompanies this MYC reduction. We hypothesized that MYC may coordinate these mechanisms via direct regulation of multiple components of the Pol I transcription apparatus. Using gene expression arrays we identified a ‘regulon’ of Pol I factors that are both downregulated during differentiation and reinduced in differentiated granulocytes upon activation of the MYC-ER transgene. This regulon includes the novel c-MYC target genes RRN3 and POLR1B. Although enforced MYC expression during granulocyte differentiation was sufficient to increase the number of active rRNA genes, its activation in terminally differentiated cells did not alter the active to inactive gene ratio despite increased rDNA transcription. Thus, c-MYC dynamically controls rDNA transcription during granulocytic differentiation through the orchestrated transcriptional regulation of core Pol I factors and epigenetic modulation of number of active rRNA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Poortinga
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Sanij E, Poortinga G, Sharkey K, Hung S, Holloway TP, Quin J, Robb E, Wong LH, Thomas WG, Stefanovsky V, Moss T, Rothblum L, Hannan KM, McArthur GA, Pearson RB, Hannan RD. UBF levels determine the number of active ribosomal RNA genes in mammals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 183:1259-74. [PMID: 19103806 PMCID: PMC2606969 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200805146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the mechanisms regulating the number of active copies of the approximately 200 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I are unclear. We demonstrate that depletion of the transcription factor upstream binding factor (UBF) leads to the stable and reversible methylation-independent silencing of rRNA genes by promoting histone H1-induced assembly of transcriptionally inactive chromatin. Chromatin remodeling is abrogated by the mutation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase site within the high mobility group box 1 domain of UBF1, which is required for its ability to bend and loop DNA in vitro. Surprisingly, rRNA gene silencing does not reduce net rRNA synthesis as transcription from remaining active genes is increased. We also show that the active rRNA gene pool is not static but decreases during differentiation, correlating with diminished UBF expression. Thus, UBF1 levels regulate active rRNA gene chromatin during growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Sanij
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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Sarsero JP, Holloway TP, Li L, McLenachan S, Fowler KJ, Bertoncello I, Voullaire L, Gazeas S, Ioannou PA. Evaluation of an FRDA-EGFP genomic reporter assay in transgenic mice. Mamm Genome 2005; 16:228-41. [PMID: 15965784 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-004-3021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a GAA trinucleotide expansion in the first intron of the Friedreich ataxia gene (FRDA) that causes reduced synthesis of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein likely to be involved in biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters. This leads to increased oxidative stress, progressive loss of large sensory neurons, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To elucidate the mechanisms regulating FRDA expression and to develop an in vivo assay for agents that might upregulate FRDA expression in a therapeutically relevant manner, we have generated transgenic mice with a BAC genomic reporter construct consisting of an in-frame fusion between FRDA and the gene coding for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Production of full-length frataxin-EGFP fusion protein was demonstrated by immunoblotting. EGFP expression was observed as early as day E3.5 of development. Most tissues of adult transgenic mice were fluorescent. The level of FRDA-EGFP expression in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and cells obtained from enzymatically disaggregated tissues was quantitated by flow cytometry. There was a twofold increase in EGFP expression in mice homozygous for the transgene when compared to hemizygous mice. These transgenic mice are a valuable tool for the examination of spatial and temporal aspects of FRDA gene expression and for the preclinical evaluation of pharmacological inducers of FRDA expression in a whole-animal model. In addition, tissues from these mice should also be valuable for stem cell transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Sarsero
- Cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Sarsero JP, Li L, Holloway TP, Voullaire L, Gazeas S, Fowler KJ, Kirby DM, Thorburn DR, Galle A, Cheema S, Koenig M, Williamson R, Ioannou PA. Human BAC-mediated rescue of the Friedreich ataxia knockout mutation in transgenic mice. Mamm Genome 2004; 15:370-82. [PMID: 15170226 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-004-3019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Three independent transgenic mouse lines were generated with the human Friedreich ataxia gene, FRDA, in an 188-kb bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) genomic sequence. Three copies of the transgene per diploid mouse genome were integrated in a single site in each mouse line. Transgenic mice were mated with mice heterozygous for a knockout mutation of the murine Frda gene, to generate mice homozygous for the Frda knockout mutation and hemizygous or homozygous for the human transgene. Rescue of the embryonic lethality that is associated with homozygosity for the Frda knockout mutation was observed in all three lines. Rescued mice displayed normal behavioral and biochemical parameters. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that human FRDA mRNA is expressed in all the lines. The relative expression of the human FRDA and mouse Frda genes showed a similar pattern in different tissues in all three lines, indicating position-independent control of expression of the human FRDA transgene. However, large differences in the human:mouse mRNA ratio were observed between different tissues in all three lines. The human transgene is expressed at much higher levels in the brain, liver, and skeletal muscle than the endogenous gene, while expression of the human transgene in blood is only 25-30% of the mouse gene. These studies will facilitate the development of humanized mouse models of Friedreich ataxia through introduction of a GAA trinucleotide expansion or specific known point mutations in the normal human FRDA locus and the study of the regulation of gene expression from the FRDA locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Sarsero
- Cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, 3052, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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