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Ordóñez C, Kendal D, Davern M, Conway T. Having a tree in front of one's home is associated with GREATER subjective wellbeing in adult residents in Melbourne, Australia, and Toronto, Canada. Environ Res 2024; 250:118445. [PMID: 38360163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
While urban trees can be important determinants of human health and wellbeing in world cities, the specific influence of nearby urban trees upon human wellbeing has not been adequately explored. While many studies have associated urban greenery abundance with wellbeing scores, many measures of urban greenery do not specify the type of vegetation or the impact of co-location. Here we fill this gap by associating self-reported measures of the presence of nearby trees (tree in front of one's home) with validated subjective wellbeing (SWB) scores. We also tested for the mediating role of what people thought about trees and nature, with a focus on the values people associate with urban trees and nature relatedness (NR). We used electronic panel survey data based on a demographic and geographical representative sample of more than 3400 residents living in Toronto, Canada, and Melbourne, Australia. We analysed these data using regression-based mediation and path analyses. We found that having a tree in front of one's home was strongly and positively associated with SWB scores in both cities with similar results (Melbourne, β = 0.17, p < 0.05; Toronto, β = 0.18, p < 0.05), while accounting for NR, values associated with urban trees, and demographics (e.g., age, education, home ownership). The mediating role of NR and values was small. The specific pathways of association between tree in front of one's home, SWB, NR, and values, varied by city, when accounting for demographics. We discuss how increasing the abundance of nearby urban trees in cities may also increase human wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Ordóñez
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, Burnley campus, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria, 3121, Australia.
| | - Dave Kendal
- Future in Nature Pty Ltd, Australia; Melbourne School of Design, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie Davern
- Health Place and Society, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tenley Conway
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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2
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Kaplan H, Prahalad V, Kendal D. From Conservation to Connection: Exploring the Role of Nativeness in Shaping People's Relationships with Urban Trees. Environ Manage 2023; 72:1006-1018. [PMID: 37452854 PMCID: PMC10509121 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Deciding whether to plant native or non-native trees in public urban green spaces is becoming complex and conflicted, and decisions purely based on biotic nativeness are likely to be hamstrung as climate change and rising urban heat push many native species beyond their natural ranges. Importantly, tree selection considerations by urban planners and environmental managers will have to move beyond a primary focus on securing conservation and ecological outcomes, to elucidate and engage with a growing interest in the socio-cultural values and services of urban trees. Building on emerging theoretical perspectives, this place-based study explores the role that perceptions of nativeness have in shaping people's relationships with native and non-native urban trees and landscapes in an Australian city. Nativeness was associated with a range of subjective meanings including cultural identity, political expression, nature connection, desirable and undesirable traits, and environmental and cultural compatibility. Our findings emphasise that the ways in which urban trees and green spaces are valued and experienced is likely mediated by people's perceptions of nativeness and its importance relative to other attributes. To provision and sustain green spaces that meet the diverse needs and preferences of urban publics, planners and managers need to elucidate and incorporate the nuanced, place-based and multifaceted subjective meanings of nativeness into urban greening decision-making and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haylee Kaplan
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Vishnu Prahalad
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Kendal D. Enrich urban biodiversity for sustainable cities. Nature 2023; 621:691. [PMID: 37752259 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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Frantzeskaki N, Oke C, Barnett G, Bekessy S, Bush J, Fitzsimons J, Ignatieva M, Kendal D, Kingsley J, Mumaw L, Ossola A. A transformative mission for prioritising nature in Australian cities. Ambio 2022; 51:1433-1445. [PMID: 35352304 PMCID: PMC8963402 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Australia is experiencing mounting pressures related to processes of urbanisation, biodiversity loss and climate change felt at large in cities. At the same time, it is cities that can take the leading role in pioneering approaches and solutions to respond to those coupling emergencies. In this perspective piece we respond to the following question: What are the required transformations for prioritising, valuing, maintaining and embracing nature in cities in Australia? We adopt the mission framework as an organising framework to present proposed pathways to transform Australian cities as nature-positive places of the future. We propose three interconnected pathways as starting actions to steer urban planning, policy and governance in Australian cities: First, cities need to establish evidence-based planning for nature in cities and mainstream new planning tools that safeguard and foreground urban nature. Second, collaborative planning needs to become a standard practice in cities and inclusive governance for nature in cities needs to prioritise Aboriginal knowledge systems and practices as well as look beyond what local governments can do. Third, for progressing to nature-positive cities, it is paramount to empower communities to innovate with nature across Australian cities. Whilst we focus on Australian cities, the lessons and pathways are broadly applicably globally and can inspire science-policy debates for the post COP15 biodiversity and COP26 climate change implementation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Frantzeskaki
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cathy Oke
- Connected Cities Lab, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Guy Barnett
- CSIRO Land and Water, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Sarah Bekessy
- ICON Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Judy Bush
- Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Fitzsimons
- The Nature Conservancy, Suite 2-01, 60 Leicester Street, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125 Australia
| | - Maria Ignatieva
- School of Design, the University of Western Australia, M433, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
| | - Jonathan Kingsley
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 12 Wakefield Street (Swinburne Place West), Melbourne, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Laura Mumaw
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Gardens for Wildlife Victoria, 511 Burwood Hwy, Wantirna South, VIC 3152 Australia
| | - Alessandro Ossola
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, The University of Melbourne, Burnley, VIC Australia
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5
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Drijfhout M, Kendal D, Green P. Mind the gap: Comparing expert and public opinions on managing overabundant koalas. J Environ Manage 2022; 308:114621. [PMID: 35134692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Management decisions that do not adequately align with the values and opinions of the public-at-large can lead to controversy and conflict. In conservation and natural resource management, knowledge of the public's values and opinions are often assumed or based on the personal perceptions of experts, rather than on empirical evidence. Mismatches can occur, and in Australia, an ongoing debate about how to best manage overabundant koalas has divided experts and members of the public for decades. On several occasions, experts have recommended culling of overabundant koalas, and yet culls are rarely conducted by managers. Anecdotally this is due to perceived public opposition to the culling of koalas, but there is little empirical evidence to evaluate this assessment. Using a nationwide survey, we investigated the social acceptability of different options for koala management in a population of experts and the general public, and how underlying environmental values and basic beliefs about human-wildlife relationships can explain differences of opinion. We found significant differences in the acceptability of management options between experts and the general public, although the polarity of acceptability was mostly the same. However, the lethal management options of culling and indigenous hunting elicited opposing opinions. Consistent with previous research, beliefs about human-wildlife relationships and belief profiles were found to be useful in explaining differences in acceptability of lethal control among the public, but not among experts. Biospheric values and increased experience and knowledge could play a greater role in the formation of experts' acceptability judgements. Due consideration of evidence-based knowledge of people's opinions can avoid reactive decision-making based on the opinions of a vocal minority. Where differences of opinion exist between experts and the general public, reconciling these divergent views should lead to better conservation outcomes with reduced conflict over potentially controversial management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet Drijfhout
- La Trobe University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Dave Kendal
- University of Melbourne, School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia.
| | - Pete Green
- La Trobe University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Plenty Road & Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Jayasinghe S, Flies EJ, Soward R, Kendal D, Kilpatrick M, Holloway TP, Patterson KAE, Ahuja KDK, Hughes R, Byrne NM, Hills AP. A Spatial Analysis of Access to Physical Activity Infrastructure and Healthy Food in Regional Tasmania. Front Public Health 2021; 9:773609. [PMID: 34926390 PMCID: PMC8671161 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.773609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity continues to increase in regional areas such as North-West (NW) Tasmania and show no signs of abating. It is possible that limited access to physical activity infrastructure (PAI) and healthier food options are exacerbating the low levels of habitual physical activity and obesity prevalence in these communities. Despite a burgeoning research base, concomitant exploration of both physical activity and food environments in rural and regional areas remain scarce. This research evaluated access (i.e., coverage, variety, density, and proximity) to physical activity resources and food outlets in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) in three NW Tasmanian communities. In all three study areas, the PAI and food outlets were largely concentrated in the main urban areas with most recreational tracks and natural amenities located along the coastline or river areas. Circular Head had the lowest total number of PAI (n = 43) but a greater proportion (30%) of free-to-access outdoor amenities. There was marked variation in accessibility to infrastructure across different areas of disadvantage within and between sites. For a considerable proportion of the population, free-to-access natural amenities/green spaces and recreational tracks (73 and 57%, respectively) were beyond 800 m from their households. In relation to food accessibility, only a small proportion of the food outlets across the region sells predominantly healthy (i.e., Tier 1) foods (~6, 13, and 10% in Burnie, Circular Head and Devonport, respectively). Similarly, only a small proportion of the residents are within a reasonable walking distance (i.e., 5–10 min walk) from outlets. In contrast, a much larger proportion of residents lived close to food outlets selling predominantly energy-dense, highly processed food (i.e., Tier 2 outlets). Circular Head had at least twice as many Tier 1 food stores per capita than Devonport and Burnie (0.23 vs. 0.10 and 0.06; respectively) despite recording the highest average distance (4.35 and 5.66 km to Tier 2/Tier 1 stores) to a food outlet. As such, it is possible that both food and physical activity environment layouts in each site are contributing to the obesogenic nature of each community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisitha Jayasinghe
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Emily J Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Healthy Landscapes Research Group, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Robert Soward
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michelle Kilpatrick
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Timothy P Holloway
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kira A E Patterson
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kiran D K Ahuja
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Roger Hughes
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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7
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Kaplan H, Prahalad V, Kendal D. Native for whom: A mixed‐methods literature review and synthesis to conceptualise biotic nativeness for social research in the urban context. People and Nature 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haylee Kaplan
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group School of Geography, Planning, & Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Vishnu Prahalad
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group School of Geography, Planning, & Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- Healthy Landscapes Research Group School of Geography, Planning, & Spatial Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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Abstract
Human-wildlife conflicts are a growing phenomenon globally as human populations expand and wildlife interactions become more commonplace. While these conflicts have been well-defined in terrestrial systems, marine forms are less well-understood. As concerns grow for the future of many shark species it is becoming clear that a key to conservation success lies in changing human behaviors in relation to sharks. However, human-shark conflicts are multidimensional, each with different ecological, social and economic implications. Sharks have functional roles as occasional predators of humans and competitors with humans for fish stocks. In addition, and unlike most terrestrial predators, sharks are also important prey species for humans, being a source of animal protein and other products taken in fisheries. These functional roles are complex and often inter-dependent which can lead to multiple kinds of conflict. Shark management for conservation and human safety is also leading to conflict between different groups of people with different values and beliefs, demonstrating that human wildlife conflict can be a proxy for human-human conflict in the marine domain. Sharks are iconic species in society, being both feared and revered. As such human beliefs, attitudes and perceptions play key roles that underpin much human-shark conflict and future work to understanding these will contribute significantly to solutions that reduce conflict and hence improve conservation outcomes.
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9
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Nguyen HKD, Jones PJ, Kendal D, Flies EJ. Disentangling the Environment in Wildlife Microbiome-Behaviour Interactions: Response to Davidson et al. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 36:277-278. [PMID: 33293194 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanh K D Nguyen
- School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia.
| | - Penelope J Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Emily J Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia
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10
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Crewe TL, Kendal D, Campbell HA. Motivations and fears driving participation in collaborative research infrastructure for animal tracking. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241964. [PMID: 33216810 PMCID: PMC7678966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic derived environmental change is challenging earth's biodiversity. To implement effective management, it is imperative to understand how organisms are responding over broad spatiotemporal scales. Collection of these data is generally beyond the budget of individual researchers and the integration and sharing of ecological data and associated infrastructure is becoming more common. However, user groups differ in their expectations, standards of performance, and desired outputs from research investment, and accommodating the motivations and fears of potential users from the outset may lead to higher levels of participation. Here we report upon a study of the Australian ornithology community, which was instigated to better understand perceptions around participation in nationally coordinated research infrastructure for detecting and tracking the movement of birds. The community was surveyed through a questionnaire and individuals were asked to score their motivations and fears around participation. Principal Components Analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and identify groups of questions where respondents behaved similarly. Linear regressions and model selection were then applied to the principal components to determine how career stage, employment role, and years of biotelemetry experience affected the respondent's motivations and fears for participation. The analysis showed that across all sectors (academic, government, NGO) there was strong motivation to participate and belief that national shared biotelemetry infrastructure would facilitate bird management and conservation. However, results did show that a cross-sector cohort of the Australian ornithology community were keen and ready to progress collaborative infrastructure for tracking birds, and measures including data-sharing agreements could increase participation. It also informed that securing initial funding would be a significant challenge, and a better option to proceed may be for independent groups to coordinate through existing database infrastructure to form the foundation from which a national network could grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Crewe
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dave Kendal
- Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hamish A. Campbell
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Marsh P, Mallick S, Flies E, Jones P, Pearson S, Koolhof I, Byrne J, Kendal D. Trust, Connection and Equity: Can Understanding Context Help to Establish Successful Campus Community Gardens? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17207476. [PMID: 33066596 PMCID: PMC7602408 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Campus community gardens (CCGs) can potentially improve student health and wellbeing, mitigate social and ecological problems, and nurture university-community relationships. However, CCGs are located in complex socio-political and ecological settings and many community gardens struggle or fail. However, few studies have assessed the socio-political/ecological context of a garden setting prior to its development to understand the potential barriers and enablers of success. Our study assessed the socio-spatial context of a proposed CCG at a student university accommodation site. We engaged diverse university and community stakeholders through interviews, focus groups and a survey to explore their perceptions of the space generally and the proposed garden specifically. Visual observations and public life surveying were used to determine patterns of behavior. Results confirmed known problems associated with an underutilized site that provides little opportunity for lingering or contact with nature; and unknown barriers, including socially disconnected stakeholders and community distrust of the university. The research also uncovered positive enablers, such as stakeholder appreciation of the social, wellbeing and ecological benefits that a CCG could deliver. Our findings suggest that an in-depth exploration of a proposed garden context can be an important enabler of its success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Marsh
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-6226-6905
| | - Suzanne Mallick
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia;
| | - Emily Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia;
| | - Penelope Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia;
| | - Sue Pearson
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia; (S.P.); (I.K.)
| | - Iain Koolhof
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia; (S.P.); (I.K.)
| | - Jason Byrne
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia; (J.B.); (D.K.)
| | - Dave Kendal
- School of Geography, Planning and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia; (J.B.); (D.K.)
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Clarke LJ, Jones PJ, Ammitzboll H, Barmuta LA, Breed MF, Chariton A, Charleston M, Dakwa V, Dewi F, Eri R, Fountain-Jones NM, Freeman J, Kendal D, McDougal R, Raes EJ, Sow SLS, Staples T, Sutcliffe B, Vemuri R, Weyrich LS, Flies EJ. Mainstreaming Microbes across Biomes. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in the environment (i.e., environmental microbiomes) provide vital ecosystem services and affect human health. Despite their importance, public awareness of environmental microbiomes has lagged behind that of human microbiomes. A key problem has been a scarcity of research demonstrating the microbial connections across environmental biomes (e.g., marine, soil) and between environmental and human microbiomes. We show in the present article, through analyses of almost 10,000 microbiome papers and three global data sets, that there are significant taxonomic similarities in microbial communities across biomes, but very little cross-biome research exists. This disconnect may be hindering advances in microbiome knowledge and translation. In this article, we highlight current and potential applications of environmental microbiome research and the benefits of an interdisciplinary, cross-biome approach. Microbiome scientists need to engage with each other, government, industry, and the public to ensure that research and applications proceed ethically, maximizing the potential benefits to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Clarke
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, and LJC is also affiliated with the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Australia
| | - Penelope J Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Hans Ammitzboll
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leon A Barmuta
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Scienceand Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, and with the Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (www.HUMIglobal.org) in the United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Chariton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Vongai Dakwa
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Fera Dewi
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | | | - Jules Freeman
- Scion, part of the New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd., Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Dave Kendal
- Research Centre for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia
- School of Technology, Environments, and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rebecca McDougal
- Scion, part of the New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd., Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Eric J Raes
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Australia
| | - Swan Li San Sow
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, and LJC is also affiliated with the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Australia
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Australia
| | - Timothy Staples
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, and with the School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. RV is also affiliated with the Department of Comparative Medicine, in the School of Medicine, at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brodie Sutcliffe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and with the Department of Anthropology at The Pennsylvania State University, in University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily J Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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13
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Egerer M, Lin BB, Kendal D. Towards better species identification processes between scientists and community participants. Sci Total Environ 2019; 694:133738. [PMID: 31400691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban gardens are a model system for understanding the intersection between biodiversity conservation and citizen science. They contain high plant diversity that contributes to urban flora. However, this diversity is challenging to document due to site access and complex plant taxonomy with hybrids and cultivars. Community research participation provides a tool to measure plant diversity and distribution by engaging gardeners who are most familiar with their plants to report on their garden's species richness using citizen science. Yet there is little empirical exploration of plant identification consistency between citizen scientists and scientific researchers. This could lead to reporting differences (e.g., missing species, multiple reporting of the same species) due to spatial and temporal effects, different perspectives and knowledge systems, and cultural context. We leverage a scientific survey of garden plants and a questionnaire asking gardeners to report on the species in their gardens to perform an opportunistic comparison of gardener and researcher reported plant diversity in community gardens. The comparison shows that gardeners interpret instructions to report plants quite variably, with some reporting all species (including herbaceous weeds) and crop varieties, while others reporting only their main crop species. Scientist on the other hand seek clarity in terms of species and variety and report all species located in the plot, including the small weed species that are overlooked by some gardeners. Consistency could be improved if researchers are more specific about their reporting expectations when asking community members to participate in data collection. We use this case study to communicate that paired citizen scientist-researcher data collection and dialogue between groups is necessary to improve methods for conducting consistent and collaborative assessments of biological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Egerer
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia; Department of Ecology, Ecosystem Science/Plant Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgstr. 12, 12165 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Brenda B Lin
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, 107-121 Station St., Aspendale, 3195, VIC, Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia; School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, 3121, VIC, Australia
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Frantzeskaki N, McPhearson T, Collier MJ, Kendal D, Bulkeley H, Dumitru A, Walsh C, Noble K, van Wyk E, Ordóñez C, Oke C, Pintér L. Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Climate Change Adaptation: Linking Science, Policy, and Practice Communities for Evidence-Based Decision-Making. Bioscience 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Frantzeskaki
- Urban sustainability transitions at the Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timon McPhearson
- Urban ecology and director of the Urban Systems Lab at The New School, in New York, New York
| | - Marcus J Collier
- Social–ecological systems thinking and the environmental governance issues at the nature–culture interface
| | - Dave Kendal
- Environmental management, in the discipline of geography and spatial sciences within the School of Technology, Environments, and Design at the University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Adina Dumitru
- University of A Coruña, in A Coruña, Spain, and director of the recently established Specialization Campus in Sustainability Research
| | - Claire Walsh
- Lecturer in the Water Group in the School of Engineering at Newcastle University, in Newcastle on Tyne, in the United Kingdom, Sustainability officer of the City of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Noble
- 17 years experience delivering sustainability strategies, programs, and policy change
| | - Ernita van Wyk
- ICLEI Africa's projects as an urban development expert in Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Cathy Oke
- Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Hub (www.nespurban.edu.au), part of the National Environmental Science Programme, based in Earth Sciences University of Melbourne, Australia. László Pintér is affiliated with Central European University, in Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Pintér
- Urban sustainability transitions at the Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Egerer MH, Lin BB, Threlfall CG, Kendal D. Temperature variability influences urban garden plant richness and gardener water use behavior, but not planting decisions. Sci Total Environ 2019; 646:111-120. [PMID: 30053661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Urban environments are being subject to increasing temperatures due to the combined effects of global climate change and urban heat. These increased temperatures, coupled with human planting preferences and green space management practices, influence how urban plants grow and survive. Urban community gardens are an increasingly popular land use, and a green space type that is influenced by unique climate-human behavior interactions. Despite ongoing rapid temperature changes in cities, it is unknown how gardeners are adapting to these changes, and to what extent changes influence planting decisions and patterns of urban plant diversity. In this study, we monitored the variation in daily air temperatures and measured plant species richness at the garden and garden plot scale in 11 community gardens in Melbourne, Australia. We surveyed >180 gardeners to better understand the relationships between temperature variation, garden plant species diversity, and gardener management practices. We found that garden scale temperature variability is driven by regional context, and temperatures are more stable in landscapes with higher impervious surface cover. Gardeners agreed that climatic/temperature changes are influencing their watering behavior, but not their plant selection. Instead plant selection is being driven by desired food production. Yet, when comparing two bioregions, temperature did have a measurable relationship with garden plant composition in the region with more temperature variation. Temperature variability negatively related to plant species richness within garden plots, providing evidence that plant survival is related to climate at this scale in such regions. Although gardeners may be able to water more in response to regional climate changes, gardeners are unlikely to be able to completely control the effects of temperature on plant survival in more variable conditions. This suggests the inner city with more stable temperatures (albeit potentially hotter for longer due to heat island) may accommodate more species diverse gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika H Egerer
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | | | - Caragh G Threlfall
- School of Ecosystem & Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Dave Kendal
- School of Ecosystem & Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia.
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Kendal D, M Ford R. Need for empirical evidence to support use of social license in conservation: reply to Garnett et al. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:737-739. [PMID: 29660178 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dave Kendal
- Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, Geography Building, University of Tasmania, Clark Road, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Ford
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Kendal
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Thrive Research Hub, Melbourne School of Design, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Ford
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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18
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Dobbs C, Nitschke C, Kendal D. Assessing the drivers shaping global patterns of urban vegetation landscape structure. Sci Total Environ 2017; 592:171-177. [PMID: 28319704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation is one of the main resources involve in ecosystem functioning and providing ecosystem services in urban areas. Little is known on the landscape structure patterns of vegetation existing in urban areas at the global scale and the drivers of these patterns. We studied the landscape structure of one hundred cities around the globe, and their relation to demography (population), socioeconomic factors (GDP, Gini Index), climate factors (temperature and rain) and topographic characteristics (altitude, variation in altitude). The data revealed that the best descriptors of landscape structure were amount, fragmentation and spatial distribution of vegetation. Populated cities tend to have less, more fragmented, less connected vegetation with a centre of the city with low vegetation cover. Results also provided insights on the influence of socioeconomics at a global scale, as landscape structure was more fragmented in areas that are economically unequal and coming from emergent economies. This study shows the effects of the social system and climate on urban landscape patterns that gives useful insights for the distribution in the provision of ecosystem services in urban areas and therefore the maintenance of human well-being. This information can support local and global policy and planning which is committing our cities to provide accessible and inclusive green space for all urban inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dobbs
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Ecosistemas, Facultad de Agronomia e Ingenieria Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - C Nitschke
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - D Kendal
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilson
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joslin L. Moore
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Parkville, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Kendal D, Ford RM, Anderson NM, Farrar A. The VALS: A new tool to measure people's general valued attributes of landscapes. J Environ Manage 2015; 163:224-233. [PMID: 26321532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Research on values for natural areas has largely focussed on theoretical concerns such as distinguishing different kinds of values held by people. However practice, policymaking, planning and management is typically focused on more tangible valued attributes of the landscape such as biodiversity and recreation infrastructure that can be manipulated by management actions. There is a need for valid psychometric measures of such values that are suited to informing land management policies. A Valued Attributes of Landscape Scale (VALS) was developed, derived from a document analysis of values expressed in public land policy documents. The validity of the VALS was tested in an online survey comparing values across one of three randomly presented landscape contexts in Victoria, Australia: all publicly managed natural land, coastal areas, and large urban parks. A purposive snowball sample was used to recruit participants with a range of views and professional experience with land management, including members of the urban public. Factor analysis of responses (n = 646) separated concepts relating to natural attributes, social functions, the experience of being in natural areas, cultural attributes and productive uses. Relative importance of valued attribute factors was similar across all landscape contexts, although there were small but significant differences in the way people valued social functions (higher in urban parks) and productive uses (lower in urban parks). We conclude that the concept of valued attributes is useful for linking theoretical understandings of people's environmental values to the way values are considered by land managers, and that these attributes can be measured using the VALS instrument to produce data that should be useful for the policy and planning of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Kendal
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, C/o School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Rebecca M Ford
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie St., Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nerida M Anderson
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie St., Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alison Farrar
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, C/o School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Abstract
Our world is increasingly urbanizing which is highlighting that sustainable cities are essential for maintaining human well-being. This research is one of the first attempts to globally synthesize the effects of urbanization on ecosystem services and how these relate to governance, social development and climate. Three urban vegetation ecosystem services (carbon storage, recreation potential and habitat potential) were quantified for a selection of a hundred cities. Estimates of ecosystem services were obtained from the analysis of satellite imagery and the use of well-known carbon and structural habitat models. We found relationships between ecosystem services, social development, climate and governance, however these varied according to the service studied. Recreation potential was positively related to democracy and negatively related to population. Carbon storage was weakly related to temperature and democracy, while habitat potential was negatively related to democracy. We found that cities under 1 million inhabitants tended to have higher levels of recreation potential than larger cities and that democratic countries have higher recreation potential, especially if located in a continental climate. Carbon storage was higher in full democracies, especially in a continental climate, while habitat potential tended to be higher in authoritarian and hybrid regimes. Similar to other regional or city studies we found that the combination of environment conditions, socioeconomics, demographics and politics determines the provision of ecosystem services. Results from this study showed the existence of environmental injustice in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynnamon Dobbs
- School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Forest Science and Ecosystem, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Craig R. Nitschke
- School of Forest Science and Ecosystem, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dave Kendal
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, c/o School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Ives CD, Kendal D. The role of social values in the management of ecological systems. J Environ Manage 2014; 144:67-72. [PMID: 24921963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The concept of value is central to the practice and science of ecological management and conservation. There is a well-developed body of theory and evidence that explores concepts of value in different ways across different disciplines including philosophy, economics, sociology and psychology. Insight from these disciplines provides a robust and sophisticated platform for considering the role of social values in ecological conservation, management and research. This paper reviews theories of value from these disciplines and discusses practical tools and instruments that can be utilised by researchers and practitioners. A distinction is highlighted between underlying values that shape people's perception of the world (e.g. altruistic or biospheric value orientations), and the values that people assign to things in the world (e.g. natural heritage, money). Evidence from numerous studies has shown that there are multiple pathways between these values and attitudes, beliefs and behaviours relevant to ecological management and conservation. In an age of increasing anthropogenic impacts on natural systems, recognising how and why people value different aspects of ecological systems can allow ecological managers to act to minimise conflict between stakeholders and promote the social acceptability of management activities. A series of practical guidelines are provided to enable social values to be better considered in ecosystem management and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Ives
- School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001 Victoria, Australia.
| | - Dave Kendal
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, C/o School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
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Kendal D, Hauser CE, Garrard GE, Jellinek S, Giljohann KM, Moore JL. Quantifying plant colour and colour difference as perceived by humans using digital images. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72296. [PMID: 23977275 PMCID: PMC3748102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human perception of plant leaf and flower colour can influence species management. Colour and colour contrast may influence the detectability of invasive or rare species during surveys. Quantitative, repeatable measures of plant colour are required for comparison across studies and generalisation across species. We present a standard method for measuring plant leaf and flower colour traits using images taken with digital cameras. We demonstrate the method by quantifying the colour of and colour difference between the flowers of eleven grassland species near Falls Creek, Australia, as part of an invasive species detection experiment. The reliability of the method was tested by measuring the leaf colour of five residential garden shrub species in Ballarat, Australia using five different types of digital camera. Flowers and leaves had overlapping but distinct colour distributions. Calculated colour differences corresponded well with qualitative comparisons. Estimates of proportional cover of yellow flowers identified using colour measurements correlated well with estimates obtained by measuring and counting individual flowers. Digital SLR and mirrorless cameras were superior to phone cameras and point-and-shoot cameras for producing reliable measurements, particularly under variable lighting conditions. The analysis of digital images taken with digital cameras is a practicable method for quantifying plant flower and leaf colour in the field or lab. Quantitative, repeatable measurements allow for comparisons between species and generalisations across species and studies. This allows plant colour to be related to human perception and preferences and, ultimately, species management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Kendal
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Kendal D, Williams NS, Williams KJ. Harnessing diversity in gardens through individual decision makers. Trends Ecol Evol 2010; 25:201-2; author reply 202-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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