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Arya S, Mozessohn L, Gong I, Faught N, Liu N, Singh S, Chan K, Cheung MC. The impact of marginalization on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma overall survival: a retrospective cohort study. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38265355 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2306463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the impact of marginalization on DLBCL overall survival (OS) within the Canadian setting. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of adult patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL in Ontario between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2017 receiving a rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimen with curative intent followed until 1 March 2020. Our primary exposure of interest was the Ontario Marginalization Index (ON-Marg). The primary outcome was 2-year OS, accounting for patient age, sex, cancer characteristics, comorbidity burden, and rural dwelling status. While two-year overall survival was inferior for individuals in the most deprived marginalization quintile (70.4% Q5 vs. 76.0% Q1), after adjustment for relevant covariates neither the composite ON-Marg nor any of its dimensions had a significant effect. Within the Canadian context, among patients who receive chemotherapy, marginalization may not have a significant association with overall survival when accounting for key patient covariates, lending support for preserved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Arya
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee Mozessohn
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inna Gong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Simron Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew C Cheung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Thobie A, Bouvier AM, Bouvier V, Jooste V, Queneherve L, Nousbaum JB, Alves A, Dejardin O. Survival variability across hospitals after resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A multilevel survival analysis on a high-resolution population-based study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:1450-1456. [PMID: 37055280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.03.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resection is the cornerstone of curative management for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Hospital surgical volume influence post-operative mortality. Few is known about impact on survival. METHODS Population included 763 patients resected for PDAC within the 4 French digestive tumor registries between 2000 and 2014. Spline method was used to determine annual surgical volume thresholds influencing survival. A multilevel survival regression model was used to study center effect. RESULTS Population was divided into three groups: low-volume (LVC) (<41 hepatobiliary/pancreatic procedures/year), medium-volume (MVC) (41-233) and high-volume centers (HVC) (>233). Patients in LVC were older (p = 0.02), had a lower rate of disease-free margins (76.7% vs. 77.2% and 69.5%, p = 0.028) and a higher post-operative mortality than in MVC and HVC (12.5% and 7.5% vs. 2.2%; p = 0.004). Median survival was higher in HVC than in other centers (25 vs. 15.2 months, p < 0.0001). Survival variance attributable to center effect accounted for 3.7% of total variance. In multilevel survival analysis, surgical volume explained the inter-hospital survival heterogeneity (non-significant variance after adding the volume to the model p = 0.3). Patients resected in HVC had a better survival than in LVC (HR 0.64 [0.50-0.82], p < 0.0001). There was no difference between MVC and HVC. CONCLUSION Regarding center effect, individual characteristics had little impact on survival variability across hospitals. Hospital volume was a major contributor to the center effect. Given the difficulty of centralizing pancreatic surgery, it would be wise to determine which factors would indicate management in a HVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thobie
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospital of Avranches-Granville, Avranches, France; UMR INSERM 1086 'ANTICIPE', Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France.
| | - Anne-Marie Bouvier
- Registre des cancers digestifs de Bourgogne, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France; INSERM UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Bouvier
- UMR INSERM 1086 'ANTICIPE', Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France; Registre des cancers digestifs du Calvados, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France; Department of Research, Epidemiology Research and Evaluation Unit, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Valérie Jooste
- Registre des cancers digestifs de Bourgogne, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France; INSERM UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Lucille Queneherve
- Registre des cancers digestifs du Finistère, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France; EA7479 SPURBO, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Nousbaum
- Registre des cancers digestifs du Finistère, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France; EA7479 SPURBO, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Arnaud Alves
- UMR INSERM 1086 'ANTICIPE', Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France; Registre des cancers digestifs du Calvados, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France; Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Dejardin
- UMR INSERM 1086 'ANTICIPE', Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France; Department of Research, Epidemiology Research and Evaluation Unit, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
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Tillmann BW, Hallet J, Sutradhar R, Guttman MP, Coburn N, Chesney TR, Zuckerman J, Mahar A, Chan WC, Haas B. The impact of unexpected intensive care unit admission after cancer surgery on long-term symptom burden among older adults: a population-based longitudinal analysis. Crit Care 2023; 27:162. [PMID: 37098625 PMCID: PMC10127328 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are at high-risk for a post-operative intensive care unit (ICU) admission, yet little is known about the impact of these admissions on quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an unexpected post-operative ICU admission on the burden of cancer symptoms among older adults who underwent high-intensity cancer surgery and survived to hospital discharge. METHODS We performed a population-based cohort study of older adults (age ≥ 70) who underwent high-intensity cancer surgery and survived to hospital discharge in Ontario, Canada (2007-2017). Using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), a standardized tool that quantifies patient-reported physical, mental, and emotional symptoms, we described the burden of cancer symptoms during the year after surgery. Total symptom scores ≥ 40 indicated a moderate-to-severe symptom burden. Modified log-Poisson analysis was used to estimate the impact of an unexpected post-operative ICU admission (admission not related to routine monitoring) on the likelihood of experiencing a moderate-to-severe symptom burden during the year after surgery, accounting for potential confounders. We then used multivariable generalized linear mixed models to model symptom trajectories among patients with two or more ESAS assessments. A 10-point difference in total symptom scores was considered clinically significant. RESULTS Among 16,560 patients (mean age 76.5 years; 43.4% female), 1,503 (9.1%) had an unexpected ICU admission. After accounting for baseline characteristics, patients with an unexcepted ICU admission were more likely to experience a moderate-to-severe symptom burden relative to those without an unexpected ICU admission (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.31-2.05). Specifically, among patients with an unexcepted ICU admission the average probability of experiencing moderate-to-severe symptoms ranged from 6.9% (95 CI 5.8-8.3%) during the first month after surgery to 3.2% (95% CI 0.9-11.7%) at the end of the year. Among the 11,229 (67.8%) patients with multiple ESAS assessments, adjusted differences in total scores between patients with and without an unexpected ICU admission ranged from 2.0 to 5.7-points throughout the year (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION While unexpected ICU admissions are associated with a small increase in the likelihood of experiencing a moderate-to-severe symptom burden, most patients do not experience a high overall symptom burden during the year after surgery. These findings support the role of aggressive therapy among older adults after major surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourke W Tillmann
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue - Room D108, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Julie Hallet
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew P Guttman
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Coburn
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler R Chesney
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse Zuckerman
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alyson Mahar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Barbara Haas
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue - Room D108, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Disparities in the survival of endometrial cancer patients in a public healthcare system: A population-based cohort study. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 167:532-539. [PMID: 36192238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social determinants of health (SDH) have been shown to correlate with adverse cancer outcomes. It is unclear if their impact goes beyond behavioral risk or healthcare access. We aimed to evaluate the association of SDH with endometrial cancer outcomes in a public healthcare system. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of endometrial cancer patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were extracted from administrative databases. Validated multifactorial marginalization scores for domains of material deprivation, residential instability and ethnic concentration were used. Associations between marginalization and survival were evaluated using log-rank testing and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS 20228 women with endometrial cancer were identified. Fewer patients in marginalized communities presented with early disease (70% vs. 76%, p < 0.001) and received surgery (89% vs. 93%, p < 0.001). Overall survival was shorter among marginalized patients (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis adjusted for patient and disease factors, overall marginalization (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.08), material deprivation (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35) and residential instability (HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.46) were associated with increased risk of death (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic marginalization is associated with an increased risk of death in endometrial cancer patients. Targetable events in the cancer care pathway should be identified to improve health equity. FUNDING This study was supported by a grant (#RD-196) from the Hamilton Health Sciences Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Center Foundation.
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Patterns of First-Line Systemic Therapy Delivery and Outcomes in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Ontario. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:5988-6009. [PMID: 36005210 PMCID: PMC9406672 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: First-line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) consists of a combination of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Recently, targeted therapies such as bevacizumab have been shown to improve oncologic outcomes in a subset of a high-risk population. The objective of this study is to evaluate the patterns of practice and outcomes of first-line systemic treatment of advanced EOC, focusing on the adoption of bevacizumab. Methods: A population cohort study was conducted using administrative data in Ontario, Canada. Patients diagnosed with advanced stage non-mucinous EOC between 2014 and 2018 were identified. Datasets were linked to obtaining information on first-line treatment including surgery, systemic therapy, providers of care, systemic therapy facilities, and acute care utilization (emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations) during systemic treatment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with systemic therapy utilization. Results: Among 3726 patients with advanced EOC, 2838 (76%) received chemotherapy: 1316 (47%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 1060 (37%) underwent primary cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy, and 462 (16%) received chemotherapy only. The median age was 67 (range: 20–100). Most chemotherapies were prescribed by gynecologic oncologists (60%) and in level 1 academic cancer centres (58%). Only 54 patients (3.1%) received bevacizumab in the first-line setting after its approval in Ontario in 2016. Bevacizumab was more likely to be administered by medical oncologists compared to gynecologic oncologists (OR 3.95, 95% CI 2.11–7.14). In total, 1561 (55%) and 1594 (56%) patients had at least one ED visit and/or hospitalization during systemic treatment, respectively. The most common reasons for ED visits were fever and bowel obstruction. Conclusion: Patterns of care for EOC in Ontario differed between care providers. The uptake of bevacizumab for first-line treatment of EOC was low. Acute care utilization related to EOC was high.
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Hao S, Mitsakos A, Irish W, Tuttle‐Newhall JE, Parikh AA, Snyder RA. Differences in receipt of multimodality therapy by race, insurance status, and socioeconomic disadvantage in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:302-313. [PMID: 35315932 PMCID: PMC9545601 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy affect patients with pancreatic cancer. However, differences in receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy among patients undergoing resection are not well-understood. A retrospective cross-sectional cohort of patients with resected AJCC Stage I/II pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was identified from the National Cancer Database (2014-2017). Outcomes included receipt of neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy, or receipt of either, defined as multimodality therapy and were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Of 19 588 patients, 5098 (26%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 9624 (49.1%) received adjuvant chemotherapy only, and 4757 (24.3%) received no chemotherapy. On multivariable analysis, Black patients had lower odds of neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to White patients (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.97) but no differences in receipt of multimodality therapy (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.77-1.03). Patients with Medicaid or no insurance, low educational attainment, or low median income had significantly lower odds of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or multimodality therapy. CONCLUSIONS Racial and socioeconomic disparities persist in receipt of neoadjuvant and multimodality therapy in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. DISCUSSION Policy and interventional implementations are needed to bridge the continued socioeconomic and racial disparity gap in pancreatic cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Hao
- Department of SurgeryBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anastasios Mitsakos
- Department of SurgeryBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - William Irish
- Department of SurgeryBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Public HealthBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Alexander A. Parikh
- Department of SurgeryBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rebecca A. Snyder
- Department of SurgeryBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Public HealthBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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Logan K, Pearson F, Kenny RP, Pandanaboyana S, Sharp L. Are older patients less likely to be treated for pancreatic cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 80:102215. [PMID: 35901624 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh commonest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although prognosis is poor, both surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy improve survival. However, it has been suggested that not all pancreatic cancer patients who may benefit from treatment receive it. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the existence of age-related inequalities in receipt of first-line pancreatic cancer treatment. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and grey literature were searched for population-based studies investigating treatment receipt, reported by age, for patients with primary pancreatic cancer from inception until 4th June 2020, and updated 5th August 2021. Studies from countries with universal healthcare were included, to minimise influence of health system-related economic factors. A modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken comparing likelihood of treatment receipt in older versus younger patients. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted. Eighteen papers were included; 12 independent populations were eligible for meta-analysis. In most studies, < 10% of older patients were treated. Older age (generally ≥65) was significantly associated with reduced receipt of any treatment (OR=0.14, 95% CI 0.10-0.21, n = 12 studies), surgery (OR=0.15, 95% CI 0.09-0.24, n = 9 studies) and chemotherapy as a primary treatment (OR=0.13, 95% CI 0.07-0.24, n = 5 studies). The effect of age was independent of methodological quality, patient population or time-period of patient diagnosis and remained in studies with confounder adjustment. The mean quality score of included studies was 6/8. Inequalities in receipt of healthcare interventions across social groups is a recognised concern internationally. This review shows that older age is significantly, and consistently, associated with non-receipt of treatment in pancreatic cancer. However, there are risks and side-effects associated with pancreatic cancer treatment. Further research on what influences patient and professional treatment decision-making is required to better understand these apparent inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Logan
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Pearson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Pw Kenny
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Pandanaboyana
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; HPB and Transplant Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.
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Fonseca AL, Khan H, Mehari KR, Cherla D, Heslin MJ, Johnston FM. Disparities in Access to Oncologic Care in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:3232-3250. [PMID: 35067789 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer care is complex, and multiple disparities in receipt of therapies have been documented. The authors aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature to critically assess and summarize disparities in access to oncologic therapies for pancreatic cancer. METHODS A search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were performed for studies reporting disparities in access to oncologic care for pancreatic cancer. Primary research articles published in the United States from 2000 to 2020 were included. Data were independently extracted, and risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by 47 studies. All the studies used retrospective data, with 70 % involving national database studies, 41 assessing the impact of race/ethnicity, 22 assessing the impact of socioeconomic status, 18 assessing the impact of insurance status, 23 assessing the impact of gender, 26 assessing the impact of age, and 3 assessing the impact of location on the delivery of cancer-directed therapies. Race, socioeconomic status, insurance status, gender, and age- based disparities in receipt of surgical resection, treatment at high-volume facilities and multimodal therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer, receipt of systemic chemotherapy for metastatic cancer, and receipt of expected standard-of-care treatment are reported. CONCLUSION Significant sociodemographic disparities in access to equitable oncologic care exist along the continuum of pancreatic cancer care. Multiple patient, provider, and systemic factors contribute to these disparities. The ongoing study of these disparities is important to elucidate processes that may be targeted to improve access to equitable oncologic care for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamza Khan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krista R Mehari
- Department of Psychology, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Deepa Cherla
- Department of Surgery, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Martin J Heslin
- Department of Surgery, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Fabian M Johnston
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bouchard-Fortier G, Gien LT, Sutradhar R, Chan WC, Krzyzanowska MK, Liu S(L, Ferguson SE. Impact of care by gynecologic oncologists on primary ovarian cancer survival: A population-based study. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 164:522-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Guttman MP, Tillmann BW, Nathens AB, Saskin R, Bronskill SE, Huang A, Haas B. Long-term survival in high-risk older adults following emergency general surgery admission. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 91:634-640. [PMID: 34252059 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency general surgery (EGS) conditions are increasingly common among nursing home residents. While such patients have a high risk of in-hospital mortality, long-term outcomes in this group are not well described, which may have implications for goals of care discussions. In this study, we evaluate long-term survival among nursing home residents admitted for EGS conditions. METHODS We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study of nursing home residents (65 years or older) admitted for one of eight EGS diagnoses (appendicitis, cholecystitis, strangulated hernia, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, peptic ulcer disease, intestinal ischemia, or perforated viscus) from 2006 to 2018 in a large regional health system. The primary outcome was 1-year survival. To ascertain the effect of EGS admission independent of baseline characteristics, patients were matched to nursing home residents without an EGS admission based on demographics and baseline health. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate survival across groups. RESULTS A total of 7,942 nursing home residents (mean age, 85 years) were admitted with an EGS diagnosis and matched to controls. One quarter of patients underwent surgery, and 18% died in hospital. At 1 year, 55% of cases were alive, compared with 72% of controls (p < 0.001). Among those undergoing surgery, 61% were alive at 1 year, compared with 72% of controls (p < 0.001). The 1-year survival probability was 57% in patients who did not require mechanical ventilation, 43% in those who required 1 to 2 days of ventilation, and 30% in those who required ≥3 days of ventilation. CONCLUSION Although their risk of in-hospital mortality is high, most nursing home residents admitted for an EGS diagnosis survive at least 1 year. While nursing home residents presenting with an EGS diagnosis should be cited realistic odds for the risk of death, long-term survival is achievable in the majority of these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiological, level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Guttman
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (M.P.G., BWT, ABN, BH); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (M.P.G., B.W.T., A.B.N., R.S., S.E.B., B.H.), Department of Surgery (M.P.G., A.B.N., B.H.), and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.W.T., B.H.), University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.B.N., S.E.B., B.H.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; American College of Surgeons (A.B.N.), Chicago, Illinois; and ICES (A.B.N., R.S., S.E.B., A.H., B.H.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Tillmann BW, Hallet J, Guttman MP, Coburn N, Chesney T, Zuckerman J, Mahar A, Zuk V, Chan WC, Haas B. A Population-Based Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes Among Older Adults Requiring Unexpected Intensive Care Unit Admission After Cancer Surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:7014-7024. [PMID: 34427823 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity cancer surgery is increasingly common among older adults. However, these patients are at high-risk for unexpected intensive care unit (ICU) admissions after surgery. How these admissions impact older adults' long-term outcomes is unknown. METHODS We performed a population-based, cohort study of older adults (age ≥ 70 years) who underwent high-intensity cancer surgery from 2007 to 2017. Analyses were performed to examine time alive and at home following surgery, defined as time from surgery to nursing home admission or death. Patients were followed for up to 5 years. Extended Cox proportional hazards models examined the independent association between unexpected ICU admission (ICU admissions excluding routine postoperative monitoring) and remaining alive and at home. Subgroup analysis stratified patients by duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). RESULTS Of 47,367 identified older adults, 7372 (15.6%) had an unexpected ICU admission. Patients with an unexpected ICU admission had a significantly lower probability of being alive and at home at 5 years (26.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 25.1-27.2%) compared with those without an unexpected admission (56.8%; 95% CI 56.3-57.4%). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, unexpected ICU admission remained associated with less time alive and at home. The elevated risk of death or nursing home admission persisted for 5 years after surgery (years 2-5: hazard ratio [HR] 1.58, 95% CI 1.50-1.66). Duration of MV was inversely associated with time alive and at home. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with an unexpected ICU admission after high-intensity cancer surgery are at increased risk for death or admission to a nursing home for at least 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourke W Tillmann
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Julie Hallet
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew P Guttman
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Coburn
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Chesney
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse Zuckerman
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alyson Mahar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Victoria Zuk
- Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Barbara Haas
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Mora J, Krepline AN, Aldakkak M, Christians KK, George B, Hall WA, Erickson BA, Kulkarni N, Evans DB, Tsai S. Adjuvant therapy rates and overall survival in patients with localized pancreatic cancer from high Area Deprivation Index neighborhoods. Am J Surg 2021; 222:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Hallet J, Davis L, Mahar A, Mavros M, Beyfuss K, Liu Y, Law CHL, Earle C, Coburn N. Benefits of High-Volume Medical Oncology Care for Noncurable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 18:297-303. [PMID: 32135510 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2019.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) surgery performed by high-volume (HV) providers yields better outcomes, volume-outcome relationships are unknown for medical oncologists. This study examined variation in practice and outcomes in noncurative management of PA based on medical oncology provider volume. METHODS This population-based cohort study linked administrative healthcare datasets and included nonresected PA from 2005 through 2016. The volume of PA consultations per medical oncology provider per year was divided into quintiles, with HV providers (≥16 patients/year) constituting the fifth quintile and low-volume (LV) providers the first to fourth quintiles. Outcomes were receipt of chemotherapy and overall survival (OS). The Brown-Forsythe-Levene (BFL) test for equality of variances was performed to assess outcome variability between provider-volume quintiles. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the association between management by HV provider and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 7,062 patients with noncurable PA consulted with medical oncology providers. Variability was seen in receipt of chemotherapy and median survival based on provider volume (BFL, P<.001 for both), with superior 1-year OS for HV providers (30.1%; 95% CI, 27.7%-32.4%) compared with LV providers (19.7%; 95% CI, 18.5%-20.6%) (P<.001). After adjustment for age at diagnosis, sex, comorbidity burden, rural residence, income, and diagnosis period, HV provider care was independently associated with higher odds of receiving chemotherapy (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.34) and with superior OS (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Significant variation was seen in noncurative management and outcomes of PA based on provider volume, with management by an HV provider being independently associated with superior OS and higher odds of receiving chemotherapy. This information is important to inform disease care pathways and care organization. Cancer care systems could consider increasing the number of HV providers to reduce variation and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hallet
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,University of Toronto.,Sunnybrook Research Institute.,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario; and
| | | | - Alyson Mahar
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario; and
| | - Calvin H L Law
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,University of Toronto.,Sunnybrook Research Institute
| | - Craig Earle
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,Sunnybrook Research Institute.,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario; and
| | - Natalie Coburn
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,University of Toronto.,Sunnybrook Research Institute.,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario; and
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14
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Louie AD, Nwaiwu CA, Rozenberg J, Banerjee D, Lee GJ, Senthoor D, Miner TJ. Providing Appropriate Pancreatic Cancer Care for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Surgical Perspective. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41:1-9. [PMID: 33929879 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
People experiencing homelessness are particularly vulnerable when diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Patients with lower socioeconomic status have worse outcomes from pancreatic cancer as the result of disparities in access to treatment and barriers to navigation of the health care system. Patients with lower socioeconomic status, or who are vulnerably housed, are less likely to receive surgical treatment even when it is recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. This disparity in access to surgical care explains much of the gap in pancreatic cancer outcomes. There are many factors that contribute to this disparity in surgical management of pancreatic cancer in people experiencing homelessness. These include a lack of reliable transportation, feeling unwelcome in the medical setting, a lack of primary care and health insurance, and implicit biases of health care providers, including racial bias. Solutions that focus on rectifying these problems include utilizing patient navigators, addressing implicit biases of all health care providers and staff, creating an environment that caters to the needs of patients experiencing homelessness, and improving their access to insurance and regional support networks. Implementing these potential solutions all the way from the individual provider to national safety nets could improve outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer who are experiencing homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Louie
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System, and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Chibueze A Nwaiwu
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System, and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.,Supporting Underrepresented Research to Generate Equity (SURGE) Lab Collaborators, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Julia Rozenberg
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System, and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Debolina Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System, and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Gillian J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System, and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Dewahar Senthoor
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System, and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Thomas J Miner
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Health System, and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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15
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Achieving 'Marginal Gains' to Optimise Outcomes in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071669. [PMID: 33916294 PMCID: PMC8037133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Improving outcomes in pancreatic cancer is achievable through the accumulation of marginal gains. There exists evidence of variation and undertreatment in many areas of the care pathway. By fully realising the existing opportunities, there is the potential for immediate improvements in outcomes and quality of life. Abstract Improving outcomes among patients with resectable pancreatic cancer is one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. Major improvements in survival will result from the development of novel therapies. However, optimising existing pathways, so that patients realise benefits of already proven treatments, presents a clear opportunity to improve outcomes in the short term. This narrative review will focus on treatments and interventions where there is a clear evidence base to improve outcomes in pancreatic cancer, and where there is also evidence of variation and under-treatment. Avoidance of preoperative biliary drainage, treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, prehabiliation and enhanced recovery after surgery, reducing perioperative complications, optimising opportunities for elderly patients to receive therapy, optimising adjuvant chemotherapy and regular surveillance after surgery are some of the strategies discussed. Each treatment or pathway change represents an opportunity for marginal gain. Accumulation of marginal gains can result in considerable benefit to patients. Given that these interventions already have evidence base, they can be realised quickly and economically.
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16
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Thobie A, Mulliri A, Bouvier V, Launoy G, Alves A, Dejardin O. Same Chance of Accessing Resection? Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Resection Rates Among Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma-A Systematic Review. Health Equity 2021; 5:143-150. [PMID: 33778318 PMCID: PMC7990568 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2019.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of pancreatic cancer is growing and the survival rate remains one of the worst in oncology. Surgical resection is currently a crucial curative option for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA). Socioeconomic factors could influence access to surgery. This article reviews the literature on the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on access to curative surgery among patients with PA. Methods: The EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched by three investigators to generate 16 studies for review. Results: Patients with the lowest SES are less likely to undergo surgery than high SES. Low income, low levels of education, not being insured, and living in deprived and rural areas have all been associated with decreased rates of surgical resection. Given the type of health care system and geographic disparities, results in North American populations are difficult to transpose to European countries. However, a similar trend is observed in difficulty for the poorest patients in accessing resection. Low SES seems to be less likely to be offered surgery and more likely to refuse it. Conclusions: Inequalities in insurance coverage and living in poor/lower educational level areas are all demonstrated factors of a lower likelihood of resection populations. It is important to assess the causal effect of socioeconomic deprivation to improve understanding of this disease and improve access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Thobie
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, Caen Cedex, France.,UMR INSERM 1086 UCN 'ANTICIPE,' Caen, France
| | - Andrea Mulliri
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Bouvier
- UMR INSERM 1086 UCN 'ANTICIPE,' Caen, France.,Registre des Tumeurs Digestives du Calvados, Caen, France.,Department of Research, University Hospital of Caen, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Guy Launoy
- UMR INSERM 1086 UCN 'ANTICIPE,' Caen, France.,Registre des Tumeurs Digestives du Calvados, Caen, France.,Department of Research, University Hospital of Caen, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Alves
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Caen, Caen Cedex, France.,UMR INSERM 1086 UCN 'ANTICIPE,' Caen, France.,Registre des Tumeurs Digestives du Calvados, Caen, France.,Department of Research, University Hospital of Caen, Caen Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Dejardin
- UMR INSERM 1086 UCN 'ANTICIPE,' Caen, France.,Department of Research, University Hospital of Caen, Caen Cedex, France
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17
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Guttman MP, Tillmann BW, Nathens AB, Saskin R, Bronskill SE, Huang A, Haas B. Alive and at home: Five-year outcomes in older adults following emergency general surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 90:287-295. [PMID: 33502146 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the short-term risks of emergency general surgery (EGS) admission among older adults have been studied, little is known about long-term functional outcomes in this population. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between EGS admission and the probability of an older adult being alive and residing in their own home 5 years later. We also examined the extent to which specific EGS diagnoses, need for surgery, and frailty modified this relationship. METHODS We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults (age, ≥65 years) admitted to hospital for one of eight EGS diagnoses (appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, strangulated hernia, bowel obstruction, peptic ulcer disease, intestinal ischemia, or perforated viscus) between 2006 and 2018 in Ontario, Canada. Cases were matched to controls from the general population. Time spent alive and at home (measured as time to nursing home admission or death) was compared between cases and controls using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox models. RESULTS A total of 90,245 older adults admitted with an EGS diagnosis were matched with controls. In the 5 years following an EGS admission, cases experienced significantly fewer months alive and at home compared with controls (mean time, 43 vs. 50 months; p < 0.001). Except for patients operated on for appendicitis and cholecystitis, all remaining patient subgroups experienced reduced time alive and at home compared with controls (p < 0.001). Cases remained at elevated risk of nursing home admission or death compared with controls for the entirety of the 5-year follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.17-5.11). CONCLUSION Older adults who required hospitalization for an EGS diagnosis were at higher risk for death or admission to a nursing home for at least 5 years following admission compared with controls. However, most patients (57%) remained alive and living in their own home at the end of this 5-year period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiological, level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Guttman
- From the Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (M.P.G., B.W.T., A.B.N., S.E.B., B.H.), Department of Surgery (M.P.G., A.B.N., B.H.), and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.W.T., B.H.), University of Toronto; Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute (A.B.N., S.E.B., B.H.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; American College of Surgeons, Trauma Quality Improvement Program (A.B.N.), Chicago, Illinois; and ICES Central, ICES (R.S., S.E.B., A.H.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Abdel-Rahman O. Impact of socioeconomic status on presentation, treatment and outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. J Comp Eff Res 2020; 9:1233-1241. [PMID: 33275039 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on the patterns of care and outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. Materials & methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results specialized SES registry has been accessed and patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed (2000-2015) were evaluated. The following SES variables were included: employment percentage, percent of people above the poverty line, percent of people identified as working-class, educational level, median rent, median household value and median household income. Within this SES registry, patients were classified according to their census-tract SES into three groups (where group-1 represents the lowest SES category and group-3 represents the highest SES category). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of SES on access to surgical resection and multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to assess the impact of SES on pancreatic cancer-specific survival. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were also used to compare overall survival (OS) outcomes according to SES. Results: A total of 83,902 pancreatic cancer patients were included in the current analysis. Within multivariable logistic regression analysis among patients with a localized/regional disease, patients with lower SES were less likely to undergo surgical resection for pancreatic cancer (odds ratio: 0.719; 95% CI: 0.673-0.767; p < 0.001). Among patients with a localized/regional disease who underwent surgical resection, patients with higher SES have better OS (median OS for group-3: 20.0 vs 17.0 months for group-1; p < 0.001). Moreover, patients with lower SES have worse pancreatic cancer-specific survival compared with patients with higher SES: (hazard ratio for group-1 vs group-3: 1.212; 95% CI: 1.135-1.295; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Poor neighborhood SES is associated with more advanced disease at presentation, less probability of surgical resection and even poorer outcomes after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada
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19
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Educational inequalities and regional variation in colorectal cancer survival in Finland. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 70:101858. [PMID: 33246249 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported lower colorectal cancer (CRC) survival in patients with low compared to high educational levels. We investigated the impact of education on CRC survival by using both individual and area-based information on education. METHODS Patients diagnosed with CRC in Finland in 2007-2016 were followed up for death until the end of 2016. Age-standardized relative survival and relative excess risk of death (RER) were estimated by sex using period approach. RERs were adjusted for age, stage at diagnosis, cancer site, urbanity, hospital district and municipality by using Bayesian piecewise constant excess hazard models. Analyses were conducted including individual (basic, secondary, high) and area-based (quartiles Q1-Q4 based on the proportion of population with basic education) education separately as well as both measures in one model. RESULTS We analysed in all 24 462 CRC patients. There was a clear gradient in 5-year relative survival across education groups (men: basic 62 %, secondary 64 %, high 69 %; women: basic 61 %, secondary 67 %, high 71 %). Compared to the basic education group, RER in the high education group was significantly lower. This association was still present after including area-based education in the models (men: RER 0.72, 95 % Confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.81; women: RER 0.76, 95 % CI 0.59-0.96). Area-based education revealed smaller effect estimates than individual education in CRC survival and no association for men. CONCLUSION Individual education information should be preferred over area-based when survival differences are studied by education. Educational differences in CRC survival are still present in Finland.
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20
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Socioeconomic inequalities in pancreatic cancer incidence in Canada: evidence from Cancer Registry data. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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21
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Predictive factors for utilization of a low-volume center in pancreatic surgery: A nationwide study. J Visc Surg 2020; 158:125-132. [PMID: 32595025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE It has been demonstrated that mortality following pancreatectomy is correlated with surgical volume. However, up until now, no French study has focused on predictive factors to undergo pancreatectomy in low-volume centers. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics, socio-economic status and medical density according to surgical volume and to analyze predictive factors for undergoing pancreatectomy in low-volume centers. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients who underwent pancreatectomy in France from 2012 to 2015 were identified fromthe PMSI database. Hopsitals were classified as low, intermediate and high volume (<10, 11-19, ≥20 resections/year, respectively). Clinical and socioeconomic data, travel distance and rurality were assesed to identify factors associated with undergoing pancreatectomy at low-volume hospitals. RESULTS In overall, 12,333 patients were included. Those who underwent pancreatectomy in low-volume centers were more likely older, had high Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), had low socioeconomic status, and resided in rural locations.distance traveled by patients operated on in low-volume centers was significantly shorter (23 vs. 61km, P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, older age (P=0.04), CCI≥4 (P=0.008), short travel distance (P<0.001), low socio-economic status (P<0.001) and rurality (P<0.001) were associated withundergoing pancreatectomy in low-volume centers. CONCLUSION Patients continue to undergo pancreatectomy at low-volume hospitals is due not only to clinical parameters, but also to socioeconomic and environmental factors. These factors should be taken into account in process of pancreatic surgery centralization.
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22
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Principe DR, Rana A. Updated risk factors to inform early pancreatic cancer screening and identify high risk patients. Cancer Lett 2020; 485:56-65. [PMID: 32389710 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor clinical outcomes and incomplete responses to conventional therapy. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need to better understand the predisposing factors for pancreatic cancer in hopes of providing early screening to high-risk patients. While select risk factors such as age, race, and family history, or predisposing syndromes are unavoidable, there are several new and established risk factors that allow for intervention, namely by counseling patients to make the appropriate lifestyle modifications. Here, we discuss the best-studied risk factors for PDAC such as tobacco use and chronic pancreatitis, as well as newly emerging risk factors including select nutritional deficits, bacterial infections, and psychosocial factors. As several of these risk factors appear to be additive or synergistic, by understanding their relationships and offering coordinated, multidisciplinary care to high-risk patients, it may be possible to reduce pancreatic cancer incidence and improve clinical outcomes through early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Hallet J, Look Hong NJ, Zuk V, Davis LE, Gupta V, Earle CC, Mittmann N, Coburn NG. Economic impacts of care by high-volume providers for non-curative esophagogastric cancer: a population-based analysis. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:373-381. [PMID: 31834527 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-01031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophagogastric cancer (EGC) is one of the deadliest and costliest malignancies to treat. Care by high-volume providers can provide better outcomes for patients with EGC. Cost implications of volume-based cancer care are unclear. We examined the cost-effectiveness of care by high-volume medical oncology providers for non-curative management of EGC. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study of non-curative EGC over 2005-2017 by linking administrative datasets. High-volume was defined as ≥ 11 patients/provider/year. Healthcare costs ($USD/patient/month-survived) were computed from diagnosis to death or end of follow-up from the perspective of the healthcare system. Multivariable quantile regression examined the association between care by high-volume providers and costs. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying costing horizons and high-volume definitions. RESULTS Among 7011 non-curative EGC patients, median overall survival was superior with care by high-volume providers with 7.0 (IQR 3.3-13.3) compared to 5.9 (IQR 2.6-12.1) months (p < 0.001) for low-volume providers. Median costs/patient/month-lived were lower for high-volume providers ($5518 vs. $5911; p < 0.001), owing to lower inpatient acute care costs, despite higher medication-associated and radiotherapy costs. Care by high-volume providers was independently associated with a reduction of $599 per patient/month-lived (95% confidence interval - 966 to - 331) compared to low-volume providers. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was - 393. Care by high-volume providers remained the dominant strategy when varying the costing horizon and the high-volume definition. CONCLUSION Care by high-volume providers for non-curative EGC is associated with superior survival and lower healthcare costs, indicating a dominant strategy that may provide an opportunity to improve cost-effectiveness of care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hallet
- Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075, Bayview Avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Nicole J Look Hong
- Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075, Bayview Avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Zuk
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig C Earle
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Natalie G Coburn
- Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075, Bayview Avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Lee RM, Liu Y, Gamboa AC, Staley CA, Kooby D, Russell MC, Cardona K, Maithel SK. Differences in outcome for patients with cholangiocarcinoma: Racial/ethnic disparity or socioeconomic factors? Surg Oncol 2020; 34:126-133. [PMID: 32891317 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequities in cancer survival are well documented. Whether disparities in overall survival (OS) result from inherent racial differences in underlying disease biology or socioeconomic factors (SEF) is not known. Our aim was to define the association of race/ethnicity and SEF with OS in pts with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). METHODS Patients with CCA of all sites and stages in the National Cancer Data Base (2004-13) were included. Racial/ethnic groups were defined as non-Hispanic White (NH-W), non-Hispanic Black (NH-B), Asian, and Hispanic. Income and education were based on census data for patients' zip code. Income was defined as high (≥$63,000) vs low (<$63,000). Primary outcome was OS. RESULTS 27,151 patients were included with a mean age of 68 yrs; 51% were male. 78% were NH-W, 8% NH-B, 8% Hispanic, and 6% Asian. 56% had Medicare, 33% private insurance, 7% Medicaid, and 4% were uninsured. 67% had low income. 19% lived in an area where >20% of adults did not finish high school. NH-B and Hispanic patients had more unfavorable SEF including uninsured status, low income, and less formal education than NH-W and Asian pts (all p < 0.001). They were also younger, more likely to be female and to have metastatic disease (all p < 0.001). Despite this, NH-B race and Hispanic ethnicity were not associated with decreased OS. Male sex, older age, non-private insurance, low income, lower education, non-academic facility, location outside the Northeast, higher Charlson-Deyo score, worse grade, larger tumor size, and higher stage were all associated with decreased OS (all p < 0.001). On MV analysis, along with adverse pathologic factors, type of insurance (p = 0.003), low income (p < 0.001), and facility type and location of treatment (p < 0.001) remained associated with decreased OS; non-white race/ethnicity was not. CONCLUSIONS Disparities in survival exist in CCA, however they are not driven by race/ethnicity. Non-privately insured and low-income patients had decreased OS, as did patients treated at non-academic centers and outside the Northeast. This suggests that decreased ability to access and afford care results in worse outcomes, rather than biological differences amongst racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Lee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana C Gamboa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles A Staley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Kooby
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria C Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth Cardona
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shishir K Maithel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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25
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Hallet J, Davis LE, Mahar AL, Liu Y, Zuk V, Gupta V, Earle CC, Coburn NG. Variation in receipt of therapy and survival with provider volume for medical oncology in non-curative esophago-gastric cancer: a population-based analysis. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:300-309. [PMID: 31628561 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-01012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While surgical care by high-volume providers for esophago-gastric cancer (EGC) yields better outcomes, volume-outcome relationships are unknown for systemic therapy. We examined receipt of therapy and outcomes in the non-curative management of EGC based on medical oncology provider volume. METHODS We conducted a population based retrospective cohort study of non-curative EGC over 2005-2017 by linking administrative healthcare datasets. The volume of new EGC consultations per medical oncology provider per year was calculated and divided into quintiles. High-volume (HV) medical oncologists were defined as the 4-5th quintiles. Outcomes were receipt of chemotherapy and overall survival (OS). Multivariate logistic and Cox-proportional hazards regressions examined the association between management by HV medical oncologist, receipt of systemic therapy, and OS. RESULTS 7011 EGC patients with non-curative management consulted with medical oncology. 1-year OS was superior for HV medical oncologists (> 11 patients/year), with 28.4% (95% CI 26.7-30.2%) compared to 25.1% (95% CI 23.8-26.3%) for low volume (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity burden, rurality, income quintile, and diagnosis year, HV medical oncologist was independently associated with higher odds of receiving chemotherapy (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.26), and independently associated with superior OS (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.93). CONCLUSIONS Medical oncology provider volume was associated with variation in non-curative management and outcomes of EGC. Care by an HV medical oncologist was independently associated with higher odds of receiving chemotherapy and superior OS, after adjusting for case mix. This information is important to inform disease care pathways and care organization; an increase in the number of HV medical oncologists may reduce variation and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hallet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Alyson L Mahar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Victoria Zuk
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig C Earle
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie G Coburn
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview avenue, T2-063, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Sridhar P, Misir P, Kwak H, deGeus SWL, Drake FT, Cassidy MR, McAneny DA, Tseng JF, Sachs TE. Impact of Race, Insurance Status, and Primary Language on Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes of Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma at a Safety-Net Hospital. J Am Coll Surg 2019; 229:389-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Latchana N, Davis L, Coburn NG, Mahar A, Liu Y, Hammad A, Kagedan D, Elmi M, Siddiqui M, Earle CC, Hallet J. Population-based study of the impact of surgical and adjuvant therapy at the same or a different institution on survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. BJS Open 2018; 3:85-94. [PMID: 30734019 PMCID: PMC6354229 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer surgery is increasingly regionalized in high‐volume centres. Provision of adjuvant chemotherapy in the same institution can place a burden on patients, whereas receiving adjuvant chemotherapy at a different institution closer to home may create disparities in care. This study compared long‐term outcomes of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma receiving adjuvant chemotherapy at the institution where they had undergone surgery with outcomes for those receiving chemotherapy at a different institution. Methods This was a population‐based study of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma performed at ten designated hepatopancreatobiliary centres in Ontario, Canada, between 2004 and 2014. Patients were divided into those receiving chemotherapy at the same institution as surgery or a different institution from where surgery was performed. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Multivariable Cox regression assessed the association between OS and each chemotherapy group, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Of 589 patients, 374 (63·5 per cent) received adjuvant chemotherapy at the same institution as surgery. After adjusting for age, sex, co‐morbidity, socioeconomic status, rural living, tumour stage, margin positivity and year of surgery, the location of adjuvant chemotherapy was not independently associated with OS (hazard ratio 1·03, 95 per cent c.i. 0·85 to 1·24). For patients who underwent chemotherapy at a different institution, mean travel distance to receive chemotherapy was less (22·9 km) than that needed for surgery (106·7 km). Conclusion After pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma at specialized hepatopancreatobiliary surgery centres, OS was not affected by the location of the centre delivering adjuvant chemotherapy. Receiving this treatment in a local centre reduced patients' travel burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Latchana
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Davis
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N G Coburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Mahar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Y Liu
- Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Hammad
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of General Surgery, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - D Kagedan
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Elmi
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Siddiqui
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C C Earle
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Hallet
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Latchana N, Coburn N. Barriers to Surgical Resection of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 26:15-16. [PMID: 30406483 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Latchana
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Coburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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29
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Kagedan DJ, Mosko JD, Dixon ME, Karanicolas PJ, Wei AC, Goyert N, Li Q, Mittmann N, Coburn NG. Changes in preoperative endoscopic and percutaneous bile drainage in patients with periampullary cancer undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy in Ontario: effect on clinical practice of a randomized trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:e430-e435. [PMID: 30464694 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background In 2010, a multicentre randomized controlled trial reported increased postoperative complications in pancreaticoduodenectomy (pde) patients undergoing preoperative biliary decompression (pbd). We evaluated the effect of that publication on rates of pbd at the population level. Methods This retrospective observational cohort study identified patients undergoing pde for malignancy, 2005-2013, linking them with administrative health care databases covering medical services for a population of 13.5 million. Patients undergoing pbd within 6 weeks before their surgery were identified using physician billing codes and were divided into those undergoing pde before and after article publication, with a 6-month washout period. Chi-square tests were used to compare rates of pbd. Results Of 1997 pde patients identified, 963 underwent surgery before article publication, and 911, after (123 during the washout period). The rate of pbd was 47.5% before publication, and 41.6% after (p = 0.01). The lowest pbd rates occurred immediately after publication, in 2010 and 2011. Similar results were observed when the cohort was restricted to patients seen preoperatively by a gastroenterologist (n = 1412). Conclusions Rates of pbd have declined a small, but significant, amount after randomized trial publication. Persistence of pbd might relate to suboptimal knowledge translation, the role of pbd in diagnosis of periampullary malignancy, and treatment of complications (cholangitis, severe hyperbilirubinemia) or anticipation of delay from diagnosis to surgery. The nadir in pbd rates after article publication and the subsequent rise suggest an element of transience in the effect of article publication on clinical practice. Further investigation into the reasons for persistent pbd is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kagedan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - J D Mosko
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - M E Dixon
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - P J Karanicolas
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - A C Wei
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Toronto, ON.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - N Goyert
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Q Li
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON
| | - N Mittmann
- Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - N G Coburn
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Toronto, ON
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30
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Kirkegård J, Ladekarl M, Fristrup CW, Hansen CP, Sall M, Mortensen FV. Urban versus rural residency and pancreatic cancer survival: A Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202486. [PMID: 30114213 PMCID: PMC6095589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether urban versus rural residency affects pancreatic cancer survival in a universal tax-financed healthcare system. We conducted a nationwide, population-based cohort study of all patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in Denmark from 2004–2015. We used nationwide registries to collect information on characteristics, comorbidity, cancer-directed treatment, and vital status. We followed the patients from pancreatic cancer diagnosis until death, emigration, or 1 October 2017, whichever occurred first. We truncated at five years of follow up. We stratified patients into calendar periods according to year of diagnosis (2004–2007, 2008–2011, and 2012–2015). We used Cox proportional hazards model to compute hazard ratios (HRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of death, comparing patients in urban and rural areas. HRs were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, tumor stage, and localization. In a sub-analysis, we also adjusted for cancer-directed treatment. We included 10,594 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Median age was 71 years (inter-quartile range: 63–78 years), and half were men. The majority (61.7%) lived in an urban area at the time of diagnosis. When adjusting for potential confounders, we observed a better survival rate among pancreatic cancer patients residing in urban areas compared with rural areas (adjusted HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87–0.98). When taking treatment into account, the association was unclear (adjusted HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.88–1.04). Pancreatic cancer patients residing in urban areas had a slightly better survival rate compared with patients in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kirkegård
- Department of Surgery, HPB section, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Morten Ladekarl
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Wilki Fristrup
- Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten Palnæs Hansen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Sall
- Department of Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aaborg, Denmark
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31
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Dumbrava MI, Burmeister EA, Wyld D, Goldstein D, O'Connell DL, Beesley VL, Gooden HM, Janda M, Jordan SJ, Merrett ND, Payne ME, Waterhouse MA, Neale RE. Chemotherapy in patients with unresected pancreatic cancer in Australia: A population-based study of uptake and survival. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 14:326-336. [PMID: 29573158 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Palliative chemotherapy improves symptom control and prolongs survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, but there is a paucity of data describing its use and effectiveness in everyday practice. We explored patterns of chemotherapy use in patients with unresected pancreatic cancer in Australia and the impact of use on survival. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of residents of New South Wales or Queensland, Australia, diagnosed with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma between July 2009 and June 2011. Associations between receipt of chemotherapy and sociodemographic, clinical and health service factors were evaluated using logistic regression. We used Cox proportional hazards models to analyze associations between chemotherapy use and survival. RESULTS Data were collected for 1173 eligible patients. Chemotherapy was received by 44% (n = 184/414) of patients with localized pancreatic cancer and 53% (n = 406/759) of patients with metastases. Chemotherapy receipt depended on clinical factors, such as performance status and comorbidity burden, and nonclinical factors, such as age, place of residence, multidisciplinary team review and the type of specialist first encountered. Consultation with an oncologist mitigated most of the sociodemographic and service-related disparities in chemotherapy use. The receipt of chemotherapy was associated with prolonged survival in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer, including after adjusting for common prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need to establish referral pathways to ensure that all patients have the opportunity to discuss treatment options with a medical oncologist. This is particularly relevant for health care systems covering areas with a geographically dispersed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica I Dumbrava
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Burmeister
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Wyld
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne L O'Connell
- Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Beesley
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M Gooden
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan J Jordan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil D Merrett
- University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Madeleine E Payne
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary A Waterhouse
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Lemke M, DeWit Y, Nanji S, Booth CM, Flemming JA. The role of sex in the outcomes of patients with biliary tract cancers remains unclear: A population-based study. Am J Surg 2018; 216:1118-1121. [PMID: 29934122 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in outcomes between males and females with biliary tract cancer (BTC) has been previously reported but not studied. METHODS This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing BTC resection in Ontario between 2002 and 2012. Descriptive statistics on patient, disease, and treatment-related factors in each BTC subtype were reported. Kaplan Meier Curves and Cox Proportional Hazards analysis were used to examine the univariate relationship between sex and overall survival. RESULTS 714 patients underwent resection of a BTC. Kaplan Meier Curves shows trends towards different survival for males and females in different BTC subtypes: improved for females with intrahepatic and ampullary cancers and poorer survival for females with perhilar and distal cholangiocarcinomas. These trends were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Sex may be an important factor in overall survival following resection of BTC. Further work is needed to better characterize the relationship between sex and outcomes of BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Lemke
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne DeWit
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sulaiman Nanji
- Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher M Booth
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Flemming
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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33
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Bertens KA, Massman JD, Helton S, Garbus S, Mandelson MM, Lin B, Picozzi VJ, Biehl T, Alseidi AA, Rocha FG. Initiation of adjuvant therapy following surgical resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): Are patients from rural, remote areas disadvantaged? J Surg Oncol 2018; 117:1655-1663. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Bertens
- Liver and Pancreas Surgical Unit; Division of General Surgery; The Ottawa Hospital; Ottawa Ontario
| | - John D. Massman
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Scott Helton
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Samuel Garbus
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Margaret M. Mandelson
- Section of Hematology and Oncology; Cancer Institute; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Bruce Lin
- Section of Hematology and Oncology; Cancer Institute; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Vincent J. Picozzi
- Section of Hematology and Oncology; Cancer Institute; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Thomas Biehl
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Adnan A. Alseidi
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
| | - Flavio G. Rocha
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery; Virginia Mason Medical Center; Seattle Washington
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34
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Raviv NV, Sakhuja S, Schlachter M, Akinyemiju T. Metabolic syndrome and in-hospital outcomes among pancreatic cancer patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S643-S650. [PMID: 28506606 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an important etiologic and prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer, but few studies have assessed health outcomes among hospitalized pancreatic cancer patients. We examined the associations between MetS and in-hospital outcomes, i.e. pancreatic resection, post-surgery complications, in-hospital mortality and discharge disposition among hospitalized patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset from 2007 to 2011, we obtained data on 47,386 patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Descriptive statistics and multivariable regression models were used to compute estimates, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Pancreatic cancer patients with MetS were more likely to undergo pancreatic resection (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.25) compared to those without MetS. However they were less likely to experience post-surgical complications (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99), discharge to a skilled nursing facility (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.93), and less likely to experience in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.44-0.61) compared to those without MetS. CONCLUSION Hospitalized pancreatic cancer patients with a clinical diagnosis of MetS were more likely to receive pancreatic resection, and had reduced odds of post-surgical complications and in-hospital mortality. If confirmed in future studies, then better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying this association will be needed, potentially leading to the development of clinical and/or molecular biomarkers to improve early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and identify patients that may benefit from pancreatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neomi Vin Raviv
- School of Social Work, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Swati Sakhuja
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Megan Schlachter
- School of Social Work, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tomi Akinyemiju
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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35
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Kasumova GG, Eskander MF, de Geus SWL, Neto MM, Tabatabaie O, Ng SC, Miksad RA, Mahadevan A, Rodrigue JR, Tseng JF. Regional variation in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Decreasing disparities with multimodality therapy. Surgery 2017; 162:275-284. [PMID: 28487044 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival in pancreatic cancer remains poor with curative potential dependent on operative resection. We reviewed national adherence to practice guidelines to evaluate regional variation in the treatment and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS Retrospective cohort review of adults with pancreatic adenocarcinoma using the National Cancer Data Base from 2006 to 2013. Overall survival was compared by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. Sequential multivariate logistic regression models were generated for odds of: a) diagnosis in stage I/II, b) resection, and c) receipt of multimodality therapy, defined as operative resection plus chemotherapy with or without radiation. Five geographic regions of the United States were used for analyses. RESULTS A total of 115,952 patients were identified. At least 22% of patients in all stages received no treatment, with only 38.4% and 32.3% of stage I and II patients receiving multimodality therapy. On unadjusted analysis, the Northeast had the greatest survival for all stages of disease, most pronounced for stage I where patients lived 2 to 3 more months (log-rank P < .0001). While adjusted odds of early diagnosis and resection were comparable or greater across regions relative to the Northeast, patients who underwent resection in the Northeast were significantly more likely to receive multimodality therapy. Multivariate Cox modeling for patients receiving multimodality therapy accounted for differences in 3 of 4 remaining regions. CONCLUSION Regional variations exist in pancreatic cancer treatment and survival. While providing multimodality cancer-directed therapy can help mitigate these differences, survival with pancreatic cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of overall health, underlying risk factors, and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyulnara G Kasumova
- Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mariam F Eskander
- Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Susanna W L de Geus
- Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mario Matiotti Neto
- Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Omidreza Tabatabaie
- Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sing Chau Ng
- Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca A Miksad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anand Mahadevan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James R Rodrigue
- Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer F Tseng
- Surgical Outcomes Analysis & Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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36
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Kagedan DJ, Goyert N, Li Q, Paszat L, Kiss A, Earle CC, Karanicolas PJ, Wei AC, Mittmann N, Coburn NG. The Impact of Increasing Hospital Volume on 90-Day Postoperative Outcomes Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:506-515. [PMID: 28058617 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-016-3346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performance of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in high-volume centers has been posited to improve postoperative morbidity and mortality, consistent with the volume-outcomes hypothesis. We sought to evaluate the impact of hospital volume on 90-day PD outcomes at hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) centers within a regionalized system. METHODS A retrospective population-based observational cohort study was performed, using administrative records of patients undergoing PD between 2005 and 2013 in Ontario, Canada. Postoperative administrative codes were used to define complications. Patients' 90-day postoperative outcomes were compared between center-volume categories using chi-square tests and multivariable regression. Volume cutoffs were defined using minimal regional standards (20PD/year), with assessment of the impact of further volume increases. RESULTS Of 2660 patients, 2563 underwent PD at HPB centers. Of these, 38.9% underwent surgery at higher-volume centers (>40 PD/year), 36.9% at medium-volume centers (20-39 PD/year), and 24.1% at lower-volume centers (10-19 PD/year). Mortality (30- and 90-day) was lowest at higher-volume hospitals (1.5%, 2.7%, respectively) compared to medium-volume (3.9%, 6.3%) and lower-volume hospitals (2.9%, 5.2%) (p < 0.01). Patients treated at higher- and medium-volume centers had lower reoperation rates (10.3%, 10.7% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.0002) and less prolonged length of stay (23.2%, 22.0% vs. 31.6%, p < 0.0001) compared to lower-volume centers. CONCLUSION Progressive increases in hospital volume correspond to improved 90-day outcomes following PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kagedan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nik Goyert
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qing Li
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Paszat
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Kiss
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig C Earle
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J Karanicolas
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alice C Wei
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Natalie G Coburn
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,, 2075 Bayview Ave., Rm. T2-11, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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