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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Yang Y, He X, Xiao W, Bai J, Liu Y. Ensartinib is effective in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with MET amplification after multi-line ALK-TKIs resistance: a case report. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:292-297. [PMID: 38179893 PMCID: PMC10833182 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Although patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are initially effective on treatment with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), resistance will inevitably develop. Of these patients, 2/3 will develop ALK-independent resistance and little is known about the mechanisms of ALK-independent resistance. In pre-clinical studies, the activation of several bypass signaling pathways has been implicated in the development of resistance, including the MET, EGFR, SRC and IGF1R pathways. Among these, the MET pathway is one of the signaling pathways that has recently been extensively studied, and activation of this pathway is one of the mechanisms of ALK-independent drug resistance. Here, we report a successful case of an advanced NSCLC patient who was resistant to treatment with ALK TKIs and developed MET amplification, who achieved 23 months of progression-free survival after post-line treatment with ensartinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital
- Xi’an Medical University
| | - Xincheng He
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenxuan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital
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Mai Y, Su J, Yang C, Xia C, Fu L. The strategies to cure cancer patients by eradicating cancer stem-like cells. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:171. [PMID: 37853413 PMCID: PMC10583358 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells, possess remarkable capability in proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. Their presence is recognized as a crucial factor contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. CSCs have garnered significant attention as a therapeutic focus and an etiologic root of treatment-resistant cells. Increasing evidence indicated that specific biomarkers, aberrant activated pathways, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunoevasion are considered the culprits in the occurrence of CSCs and the maintenance of CSCs properties including multi-directional differentiation. Targeting CSC biomarkers, stemness-associated pathways, TME, immunoevasion and inducing CSCs differentiation improve CSCs eradication and, therefore, cancer treatment. This review comprehensively summarized these targeted therapies, along with their current status in clinical trials. By exploring and implementing strategies aimed at eradicating CSCs, researchers aim to improve cancer treatment outcomes and overcome the challenges posed by CSC-mediated therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansui Mai
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyan Su
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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4
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Sakamoto M, Patil T. MET alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2023; 178:254-268. [PMID: 36924573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the MET pathway in advanced NSCLC has been of particular interest due to its role as both a primary oncogenic driver and secondary oncogenic driver of acquired resistance. Activation of the MET pathway can occur through several mechanisms, which can complicate the diagnostic and treatment approach. Recently, several MET-directed therapies have been developed with promising results. In this narrative review, we summarize the biology and mechanism of MET as a clinically relevant driver mutation, distinct MET alterations including diagnostic challenges, significance in the setting of acquired resistance, and novel treatment strategies in advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, United States
| | - Tejas Patil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, United States.
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Barzaman K, Vafaei R, Samadi M, Kazemi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Eisavand MR, Dinvari H, Farahmand L. Anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on HGF/MET, EpCAM, and tumor-stromal cross talk. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35986321 PMCID: PMC9389806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intelligent disease, tumors apply several pathways to evade the immune system. It can use alternative routes to bypass intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, these mechanisms lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Also, these pathways play important roles in the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cells. In most cancers, these signaling pathways are overactivated, caused by mutation, overexpression, etc. Since numerous molecules share these signaling pathways, the identification of key molecules is crucial to achieve favorable consequences in cancer therapy. One of the key molecules is the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Another molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which its binding is hemophilic. Although both of them are involved in many physiologic processes (especially in embryonic stages), in some cancers, they are overexpressed on epithelial cells. Since they share intracellular pathways, targeting them simultaneously may inhibit substitute pathways that tumor uses to evade the immune system and resistant to therapeutic agents.
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To KKW, Cho WCS. Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor (MET): A Key Player in Chemotherapy Resistance and an Emerging Target for Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:269-285. [PMID: 35255791 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220307105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The MET protein is a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase predominately expressed in epithelial cells. Upon binding of its only known ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), MET homodimerizes, phosphorylates, and stimulates intracellular signalling to drive cell proliferation. Amplification or hyperactivation of MET is frequently observed in various cancer types and it is associated with poor response to conventional and targeted chemotherapy. More recently, emerging evidence also suggests that MET/HGF signalling may play an immunosuppressive role and it could confer resistance to cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized the preclinical and clinical evidence of MET's role in drug resistance to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Previous clinical trials investigating MET-targeted therapy in unselected or MET-overexpressing cancers yielded mostly unfavourable results. More recent clinical studies focusing on MET exon 14 alterations and MET amplification have produced encouraging treatment responses to MET inhibitor therapy. The translational relevance of MET inhibitor therapy to overcome drug resistance in cancer patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Garcia-Robledo JE, Rosell R, Ruíz-Patiño A, Sotelo C, Arrieta O, Zatarain-Barrón L, Ordoñez C, Jaller E, Rojas L, Russo A, de Miguel-Pérez D, Rolfo C, Cardona AF. KRAS and MET in non-small-cell lung cancer: two of the new kids on the 'drivers' block. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2022; 16:17534666211066064. [PMID: 35098800 PMCID: PMC8808025 DOI: 10.1177/17534666211066064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and therapeutic management has advanced to identify various critical oncogenic mutations that promote lung cancer tumorigenesis. Subsequent studies have developed targeted therapies against these oncogenes in the hope of personalized treatment based on the tumor's molecular genomics. This review presents a comprehensive review of the biology, new therapeutic interventions, and resistance patterns of two well-defined subgroups, tumors with KRAS and MET alterations. We also discuss the status of molecular testing practices for these two key oncogenic drivers, considering the progressive introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RNA sequencing in regular clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)/Dr. Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruíz-Patiño
- Direction of Research and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, México
| | - Camila Ordoñez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elvira Jaller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia Department of Clinical Oncology, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo, Messina, Italy Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego de Miguel-Pérez
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Terlecka P, Krawczyk P, Grenda A, Milanowski J. MET Gene Dysregulation as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer-A Review. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1370. [PMID: 34945842 PMCID: PMC8705301 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several molecular abnormalities in the MET gene have been identified, including overexpression, amplification, point mutations, and "skipping mutation" in exon 14. Even though deregulated MET signaling occurs rarely in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it possesses tumorigenic activity. Since the discovery of the significant role played by MET dysregulations in resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKI), many clinical trials have been focused on mechanisms underlying this acquired resistance. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are being considered in the personalized therapy of NSCLC patients carrying MET abnormalities. First, MET kinase inhibitors (tepotinib and capmatinib) have been shown to be effective in the first and subsequent lines of treatment in NSCLC patients with "skipping mutations" in exon 14 of MET gene. In this article, the authors show the role of MET signaling pathway alterations and describe the results of clinical trials with MET inhibitors in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Terlecka
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (A.G.); (J.M.)
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Liu S, Huang X, Wen J, Fu F, Wang H. Application of Evidence-Based Nursing Intervention in the Treatment of Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung by Erlotinib Combined with Tegafur, Gimeracil, and Oteracil Potassium and Its Influence on Quality of Life. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:6801779. [PMID: 34938422 PMCID: PMC8687769 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6801779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the application of evidence-based nursing intervention in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung by erlotinib combined with tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium (TS-1) and its influence on quality of life (QOL). Methods Clinical data of 92 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung treated with erlotinib and TS-1 in our hospital (January 2017-January 2021) were retrospectively analyzed. Forty-six patients receiving conventional nursing were set as the control group (CG), and other 46 patients receiving evidence-based nursing intervention additionally were set as the study group (SG). The clinical observation indexes of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results No obvious difference in general data between both groups (P > 0.05). According to EORTC QLQ-C30, compared with the CG, the scores of role function, physical function, social function, cognitive function, and emotional function in the SG were remarkably higher (P < 0.05). After intervention, scores of VAS of patients were obviously lower than those before intervention (P < 0.05), and scores of VAS in the SG after intervention were obviously lower than those in the CG (P < 0.05). After intervention, scores of SAS and SDS were lower than those before intervention, and those of the SG were obviously lower than those of the SG (P < 0.05). Compared with the CG, incidences of adverse reactions such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, erythra, pressure sores, and leukopenia in the SG were obviously lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the CG, "very satisfied" and total satisfaction in the SG were obviously higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion Application of evidence-based nursing intervention in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung by erlotinib combined with TS-1 can help patients to relieve pain, improve their psychological state, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, significantly improve the QOL, and also enhance the satisfaction of clinical nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaocheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Chest Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Fu
- Department of Chest Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Department of Nursing, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
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Wang JZ, Lin V, Toumi E, Wang K, Zhu H, Conway RM, Madigan MC, Murray M, Cherepanoff S, Zhou F, Shu W. Development of new therapeutic options for the treatment of uveal melanoma. FEBS J 2021; 288:6226-6249. [PMID: 33838075 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Important cytogenetic and genetic risk factors for the development of UM include chromosome 3 monosomy, mutations in the guanine nucleotide-binding proteins GNAQ/GNA11, and loss of the BRACA1-associated protein 1 (BAP 1). Most primary UMs are treated conservatively with radiotherapy, but enucleation is necessary for large tumours. Despite the effectiveness of local control, up to 50% of UM patients develop metastasis for which there are no effective therapies. Attempts to utilise the targeted therapies that have been developed for the treatment of other cancers, including a range of signal transduction pathway inhibitors, have rarely produced significant outcomes in UM. Similarly, the application of immunotherapies that are effective in cutaneous melanoma to treat UM have also been disappointing. Other approaches that have been initiated involve proteasomal inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors which are approved for the treatment of other cancers. Nevertheless, there have been occasional positive outcomes from these treatments in UM. Moreover, combination approaches in UM have also yielded some positive developments. It would be valuable to identify how to apply such therapies efficiently in UM, potentially via individualised tumour profiling. It would also be important to characterise UM tumours to differentiate the potential drivers of progression from those in other types of cancers. The recent identification of novel kinases and metastatic genes in UM tumours makes the development of new UM-specific treatments feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janney Z Wang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivian Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elsa Toumi
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - R Max Conway
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Sydney Eye Hospital and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, NSW, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele C Madigan
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Svetlana Cherepanoff
- SydPath, Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenying Shu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, China
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Wang XJ, Gao J, Wang Z, Yu Q. Identification of a Potentially Functional microRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using a Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641840. [PMID: 33681226 PMCID: PMC7930498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common lung cancer with a high mortality, for which microRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in its regulation. Multiple messenger RNAs (mRNAs) may be regulated by miRNAs, involved in LUAD tumorigenesis and progression. However, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network involved in LUAD has not been fully elucidated. METHODS Differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNA were derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset in tissue samples and from our microarray data in plasma (GSE151963). Then, common differentially expressed (Co-DE) miRNAs were obtained through intersected analyses between the above two datasets. An overlap was applied to confirm the Co-DEmRNAs identified both in targeted mRNAs and DEmRNAs in TCGA. A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape. The top five miRNA were identified as hub miRNA by degrees in the network. The functions and signaling pathways associated with the hub miRNA-targeted genes were revealed through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The key mRNAs in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were identified using the STRING database and CytoHubba. Survival analyses were performed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). RESULTS The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network consists of 19 Co-DEmiRNAs and 760 Co-DEmRNAs. The five miRNAs (miR-539-5p, miR-656-3p, miR-2110, let-7b-5p, and miR-92b-3p) in the network were identified as hub miRNAs by degrees (>100). The 677 Co-DEmRNAs were targeted mRNAs from the five hub miRNAs, showing the roles in the functional analyses of the GO analysis and KEGG pathways (inclusion criteria: 836 and 48, respectively). The PPI network and Cytoscape analyses revealed that the top ten key mRNAs were NOTCH1, MMP2, IGF1, KDR, SPP1, FLT1, HGF, TEK, ANGPT1, and PDGFB. SPP1 and HGF emerged as hub genes through survival analysis. A high SPP1 expression indicated a poor survival, whereas HGF positively associated with survival outcomes in LUAD. CONCLUSION This study investigated a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with LUAD, exploring the hub miRNAs and potential functions of mRNA in the network. These findings contribute to identify new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for LUAD patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhuo Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Pathology Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qin Yu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Hong L, Zhang J, Heymach JV, Le X. Current and future treatment options for MET exon 14 skipping alterations in non-small cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:1758835921992976. [PMID: 33643443 PMCID: PMC7890719 DOI: 10.1177/1758835921992976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been over three decades since the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ligand and its receptor MET proto-oncogene (MET) pathway was established as promoting cancer growth and metastasis. MET exon 14 skipping (METex14) alterations occur in 3-4% of all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, typically in elderly patients (older than 70 years), and result in constitutive activation of the MET receptor by altering a region required for receptor degradation. Multi-kinase inhibitor of MET, such as crizotinib, and more recently selective MET inhibitors, such as capmatinib and tepotinib, have demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety in METex14 NSCLC patients in clinical trials. These results have led to the approval of MET inhibitors by regulatory agencies across the globe. The success also fueled the excitement of further development of therapeutic strategies to target METex14 in lung cancers. This article provides an overview of the clinical development program targeting METex14 in NSCLC, including small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anti-MET antibodies. Furthermore, combination therapy immune checkpoint inhibitors or other targeted therapies are also under development in various patient populations, with acquired resistance immune or targeted therapy. Clinical trials in different development stages are ongoing and more drugs targeted to c-MET will be available for NSCLC patients with METex14 skipping mutations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Hong
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John V. Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Moosavi F, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ, Firuzi O. Combination of HGF/MET-targeting agents and other therapeutic strategies in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103234. [PMID: 33497758 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MET receptor has emerged as a druggable target across several human cancers. Agents targeting MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) including small molecules such as crizotinib, tivantinib and cabozantinib or antibodies including rilotumumab and onartuzumab have proven their values in different tumors. Recently, capmatinib was approved for treatment of metastatic lung cancer with MET exon 14 skipping. In this review, we critically examine the current evidence on how HGF/MET combination therapies may take advantage of synergistic effects, overcome primary or acquired drug resistance, target tumor microenvironment, modulate drug metabolism or tackle pharmacokinetic issues. Preclinical and clinical studies on the combination of HGF/MET-targeted agents with conventional chemotherapeutics or molecularly targeted treatments (including EGFR, VEGFR, HER2, RAF/MEK, and PI3K/Akt targeting agents) and also the value of biomarkers are examined. Our deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying successful pharmacological combinations is crucial to find the best personalized treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Panahi Y, Mohammadzadeh AH, Behnam B, Orafai HM, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. A Review of Monoclonal Antibody-Based Treatments in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:49-64. [PMID: 33725344 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of lung cancer worldwide. It metastasizes rapidly and has a poor prognosis. The first-line treatment for most patients is a combination of chemotherapy and radiation. In many subjects, using targeted treatments alongside chemoradiation has shown a better outcome in terms of progression and quality of life for patients. These targeted treatments include small biological inhibiting molecules and monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we have assessed studies focused upon the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Some therapies are approved, such as bevacizumab and atezolizumab, while some are still in clinical trials, such as ficlatuzumab and ipilimumab, and others have been rejected due to inadequate disease control, such as figitumumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Pharmacotherapy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mohammadzadeh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Behnam
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein M Orafai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Ahl Al Bayt, Karbala, Iraq.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Zahraa University, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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15
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New Target Therapies in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113543. [PMID: 33153004 PMCID: PMC7693900 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) is the most common neoplasm worldwide, and 85% of these tumors are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LC treatment was initially restricted to cytotoxic chemotherapy—platinum compounds associated with 3rd generation cytotoxic agents (paclitaxel, gemcitabine, pemetrexed) and, more recently, with monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab, ramucirumab). Advancements in treatment are correlated with prolonged overall survival (OS). Current advances are focused on target therapies. Target agents: Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy consists of 1st and 2nd generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs such as erlotinib, afatinib). In 60% of cases, resistance to these TKIs occurs due to T790M mutation in EGFR, which is overcome 3rd generation drugs (osimertinib). Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is the target for drugs such as crizotinib, alectinib, ceritinib. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand serve as targets for immunotherapy agents such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab. Discussion: Challenges in NSCLC treatment include resistance to 3rd generation TKIs, the high cost of ALK inhibitors, and the need for further research on new drugs.
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16
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Phase I Study of Ficlatuzumab and Cetuximab in Cetuximab-Resistant, Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061537. [PMID: 32545260 PMCID: PMC7352434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb), is approved for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but benefits a minority. An established tumor-intrinsic resistance mechanism is cross-talk between the EGFR and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cMet pathways. Dual pathway inhibition may overcome cetuximab resistance. This Phase I study evaluated the combination of cetuximab and ficlatuzumab, an anti-HGF mAb, in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. The primary objective was to establish the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Mechanistic tumor-intrinsic and immune biomarkers were explored. Thirteen patients enrolled with no dose-limiting toxicities observed at any dose tier. Three evaluable patients were treated at Tier 1 and nine at Tier 2, which was determined to be the RP2D (cetuximab 500 mg/m2 and ficlatuzumab 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks). Median PFS and OS were 5.4 (90% CI = 1.9–11.4) and 8.9 (90% CI = 2.7–15.2) months, respectively, with a confirmed ORR of 2 of 12 (17%; 90% CI = 6–40%). High circulating soluble cMet levels correlated with poor survival. An increase in peripheral T cells, particularly the CD8+ subset, was associated with treatment response whereas progression was associated with expansion of a distinct myeloid population. This well-tolerated combination demonstrated promising activity in cetuximab-resistant, advanced HNSCC.
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17
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Wu S, Li G, Zhao X, Xiang J, Lizaso A, Ye J, Shi C, Chen L. High-level gain of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) copy number using next-generation sequencing as a predictive biomarker for MET inhibitor efficacy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:685. [PMID: 32617305 PMCID: PMC7327325 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background In clinical oncology, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become an integral part of the routine molecular diagnostics repertoire. However, a consensus is yet to be agreed on the optimal mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) copy number (CN) cut-off value based on NGS data that could predict the MET-amplified non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who could benefit from MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. In this study, we aimed to identify the criteria to define MET amplification derived from NGS data. Methods Sequencing data from matched plasma and tissue samples from 40 MET-amplified NSCLC patients were used to derive a normalization method, referred to as adjusted copy number (adCN). Clinical outcomes from an additional 18 MET TKI-treated NSCLC patients with solely MET-amplified cancers were analyzed to validate the adCN cut-offs. Results AdCN, calculated as the absolute CN generated from NGS relative to the maximum mutant allele fraction (maxMAF) per sample, was demonstrated to have a high correlation with MET CN in tissue and plasma samples (R2=0.73). Using a cut-off value of 5.5 and 13, tertile stratification of adCN was able to distinguish patients with high-level MET amplification. The MET TKI-treated patients with adCN >13, categorized as high-level amplification, had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those with adCN <13 (P=0.009), suggesting that adCN positively correlated with the response to MET TKI. Conclusions We derived a normalization method that could reflect the relative CN and distinguish MET-amplified NSCLC patients with high-level gene amplification who were sensitive to crizotinib, suggesting adCN could potentially serve as a predictive biomarker for MET TKI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Junyi Ye
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Cheng Z, Lu X, Feng B. A review of research progress of antitumor drugs based on tubulin targets. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:4020-4027. [PMID: 35117769 PMCID: PMC8797889 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules exist in all eukaryotic cells and are one of the critical components that make up the cytoskeleton. Microtubules play a crucial role in supporting cell morphology, cell division, and material transport. Tubulin modulators can promote microtubule polymerization or cause microtubule depolymerization. The modulators interfere with the mitosis of cells and inhibit cell proliferation. Tubulin mainly has three binding domains, namely, paclitaxel, vinca and colchicine binding domains, which are the best targets for the development of anticancer drugs. Currently, drugs for tumor therapy have been developed for these three domains. However, due to its narrow therapeutic window, poor selectivity, and susceptibility to drug resistance, it has severely limited clinical applications. The method of combined medication, the change of administration method, the modification of compound structure, and the research and development of new targets have all changed the side effects of tubulin drugs to a certain extent. In this review, we briefly introduce a basic overview of tubulin and the main mechanism of anti-tumor. Secondly, we focus on the application of drugs which developed based on the three domains of tubulin to various cancers in various fields. Finally, we further provide the development progress of tubulin inhibitors currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Baomin Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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19
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Liang H, Wang M. MET Oncogene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanism of MET Dysregulation and Agents Targeting the HGF/c-Met Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2491-2510. [PMID: 32273721 PMCID: PMC7104217 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s231257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Current treatments for advanced NSCLC included traditional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The efficacy of targeted therapy relies on oncogene addiction. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) gene can encode unconventional receptor tyrosine kinases with pleiotropic functions, when signals are abnormally activated, it can initiate and maintain tumor transformation, promote cell proliferation, survival, tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Thus, it is a promising therapeutic target. Previous studies have shown that elevated levels of HGF and/or overexpression of c-Met are associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer. In preclinical and clinical trials, c-MET inhibitors have shown some antitumor activity in NSCLC. Although the efficacy results of MET inhibitors in Phase III clinical trials are disappointing, given the molecular heterogeneity of NSCLC, only subgroups of patients with MET gene alterations may benefit from c-MET inhibitors. The challenge for the future is to screen out the potential beneficiaries. To solve this problem, there is need for large data analysis for the detection methods and treatment effects, to establish standards that meet the MET activation status, and determine reliable thresholds to achieve effective patient stratification and clinical decision making. This article summarized the structure of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met axis, the different mechanisms of MET addiction, as well as MET amplification as acquired resistance mechanism to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the latest advances of MET inhibitors, and immuotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC with MET alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Liang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, People’s Republic of China
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20
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New Paradigms to Assess Consequences of Long-Term, Low-Dose Curcumin Exposure in Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020366. [PMID: 31963196 PMCID: PMC7024150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been investigated extensively for cancer prevention, but it has been proposed that long-term treatments may promote clonal evolution and gain of cellular resistance, potentially rendering cancer cells less sensitive to future therapeutic interventions. Here, we used long-term, low-dose treatments to determine the potential for adverse effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. IC50s for curcumin, cisplatin, and pemetrexed in A549, PC9, and PC9ER NSCLC cells were evaluated using growth curves. IC50s were subsequently re-assessed following long-term, low-dose curcumin treatment and a three-month treatment withdrawal period, with a concurrent assessment of oncology-related protein expression. Doublet cisplatin/pemetrexed-resistant cell lines were created and the IC50 for curcumin was determined. Organotypic NSCLC-fibroblast co-culture models were used to assess the effects of curcumin on invasive capacity. Following long-term treatment/treatment withdrawal, there was no significant change in IC50s for the chemotherapy drugs, with chemotherapy-resistant cell lines exhibiting similar sensitivity to curcumin as their non-resistant counterparts. Curcumin (0.25-0.5 µM) was able to inhibit the invasion of both native and chemo-resistant NSCLC cells in the organotypic co-culture model. In summary, long-term curcumin treatment in models of NSCLC neither resulted in the acquisition of pro-carcinogenic phenotypes nor caused resistance to chemotherapy agents.
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21
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Yin J, Hu W, Xue X, Fu W, Dai L, Jiang Z, Zhong S, Deng B, Zhao J. Epigenetic activation of hepatocyte growth factor is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and clinical outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:5070-5081. [PMID: 31602259 PMCID: PMC6775597 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression is repressed in normal differentiated lung epithelial cells, but its expression is aberrantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and acts as a poor prognostic factor. The underlying molecular mechanisms of aberrant HGF expression are unclear. In this study, a novel differential methylation region located in the HGF promoter was identified, which was associated with aberrant HGF expression in NSCLC. The correlations of HGF promoter methylation detected by methylation specific PCR and HGF expression detected by immunohistochemistry with clinical outcomes were assessed in NSCLC patients. DNA methylation of the HGF promoter was correlated with the activation of HGF expression, which induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration and invasion. According to the clinical correlation analysis in 63 NSCLC patients, those with high methylation were more likely to have stages III and IV (51.6% vs. 25.0%, P<0.05) and metastasis (57.5% vs. 16.7%, P<0.05) than patients with low methylation. In addition, compared with the protein marker of HGF expression, the DNA methylation marker of the HGF promoter had higher specificity for prognostic analysis of metastases in NSCLC. Our study indicated the regulatory mechanisms related to DNA methylation of the HGF promoter for HGF expression in NSCLC epithelial cells, and suggested that the DNA methylation signature of the HGF promoter could potentially be employed as a biomarker to improve the prognostic accuracy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weimin Hu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyang Xue
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfan Fu
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeyong Jiang
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengpeng Zhong
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyun Deng
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Chest Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Liu T, Zhou L, Li D, Andl T, Zhang Y. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Build and Secure the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:60. [PMID: 31106200 PMCID: PMC6492564 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reside in a highly complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME), which is composed of a myriad of genetically stable non-cancer cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, and a tumor-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as an abundant and active stromal cell population in the TME, function as the signaling center and remodeling machine to aid the creation of a desmoplastic tumor niche. Although there is no denial that the TME and CAFs may have anti-tumor effects as well, a great deal of findings reported in recent years have convincingly revealed the tumor-promoting effects of CAFs and CAF-derived ECM proteins, enzymes, chemical factors and other downstream effectors. While there is growing enthusiasm for the development of CAF-targeting therapies, a better understanding of the complexities of CAF-ECM and CAF-cancer cell interactions is necessary before novel therapeutic strategies targeting the malignant tumor “soil” can be successfully implemented in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Danni Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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23
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Miller D, Ingersoll MA, Lin MF. ErbB-2 signaling in advanced prostate cancer progression and potential therapy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R195-R209. [PMID: 31294537 PMCID: PMC6628717 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US men. Most of these deaths are attributed to the development of castration-resistant (CR) PCa. ErbB-2 and ErbB family members have been demonstrated to contribute to the progression of this lethal disease. In this review, we focus on updating the role of ErbB-2 in advanced PCa progression and its regulation, including its regulation via ligand activation, miRNAs and protein phosphorylation. We also discuss its downstream signaling pathways, including AKT, ERK1/2 and STATs, involved in advanced PCa progression. Additionally, we evaluate the potential of ErbB-2, focusing on its protein hyper-phosphorylation status, as a biomarker for aggressive PCa as well as the effectiveness of ErbB-2 as a target for the treatment of CR PCa via a multitude of approaches, including orally available inhibitors, intratumoral expression of cPAcP, vaccination and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannah Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Ingersoll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding Author: Ming-Fong Lin, Ph. D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA, TEL: (402) 559-6658, FAX: (402) 559-6650, (MFL)
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24
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Puccini A, Marín-Ramos NI, Bergamo F, Schirripa M, Lonardi S, Lenz HJ, Loupakis F, Battaglin F. Safety and Tolerability of c-MET Inhibitors in Cancer. Drug Saf 2019; 42:211-233. [PMID: 30649748 PMCID: PMC7491978 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of aberrant hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET, also known as tyrosine-protein kinase MET)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling in cancer progression and invasion has been extensively studied. c-MET inhibitors have shown promising pre-clinical and early phase clinical trial anti-tumor activity in several tumor types, although results of most phase III trials with these agents have been negative. To date, two small molecule c-MET inhibitors, cabozantinib and crizotinib, have been approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of selected cancer types, but several novel c-MET inhibitors (either monoclonal antibodies or small molecule c-MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and treatment combinations are currently under study in different settings. Here we provide an overview of the mechanism of action and rationale of c-MET inhibition in cancer, the efficacy of approved agents, and novel promising c-MET-inhibitors and novel targeted combination strategies under development in different cancer types, with a focus on the safety profile and tolerability of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Puccini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nagore I Marín-Ramos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 5410, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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25
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HGF/c-MET: A Promising Therapeutic Target in the Digestive System Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113295. [PMID: 30360560 PMCID: PMC6274736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The HGF/c-MET pathway is active in the development of digestive system cancers, indicating that inhibition of HGF/c-MET signaling may have therapeutic potential. Various HGF/c-MET signaling inhibitors, mainly c-MET inhibitors, have been tested in clinical trials. The observed efficacy and adverse events of some c-MET inhibitors were not very suitable for treating digestive system cancers. The development of new HGF/c-MET inhibitors in preclinical studies may bring promising treatments and synergistic combination (traditional anticancer drugs and c-MET inhibitors) strategies provided anacceptable safety and tolerability. Insights into miRNA biology and miRNA therapeutics have made miRNAs attractive tools to inhibit HGF/c-MET signaling. Recent reports show that several microRNAs participate in inhibiting HGF/c-MET signaling networks through antagonizing c-MET or HGF in digestive system cancers, and the miRNAs-HGF/c-MET axis plays crucial and novel roles for cancer treatment. In the current review, we will discuss recent findings about inhibitors of HGF/c-MET signaling in treating digestive system cancers, and how miRNAs regulate digestive system cancers via mediating HGF/c-MET pathway.
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Miranda O, Farooqui M, Siegfried JM. Status of Agents Targeting the HGF/c-Met Axis in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090280. [PMID: 30134579 PMCID: PMC6162713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met (Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor also known as Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor, HGFR), a receptor with expression throughout epithelial and endothelial cell types. Activation of c-Met enhances cell proliferation, invasion, survival, angiogenesis, and motility. The c-Met pathway also stimulates tissue repair in normal cells. A body of past research shows that increased levels of HGF and/or overexpression of c-Met are associated with poor prognosis in several solid tumors, including lung cancer, as well as cancers of the head and neck, gastro-intestinal tract, breast, ovary and cervix. The HGF/c-Met signaling network is complex; both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent signaling occur. This article will provide an update on signaling through the HGF/c-Met axis, the mechanism of action of HGF/c-Met inhibitors, the lung cancer patient populations most likely to benefit, and possible mechanisms of resistance to these inhibitors. Although c-Met as a target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed promise based on preclinical data, clinical responses in NSCLC patients have been disappointing in the absence of MET mutation or MET gene amplification. New therapeutics that selectively target c-Met or HGF, or that target c-Met and a wider spectrum of interacting tyrosine kinases, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshin Miranda
- Department of Pharmacology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Mariya Farooqui
- Department of Pharmacology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, 6-120 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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da Silva RF, Dhar D, Raina K, Kumar D, Kant R, Cagnon VHA, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Nintedanib inhibits growth of human prostate carcinoma cells by modulating both cell cycle and angiogenesis regulators. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9540. [PMID: 29934570 PMCID: PMC6014981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American men. Proliferating cells have higher need for nutrients and oxygen, triggering angiogenesis that plays a critical role in tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Consequently, immense focus has converged onto inhibitors of angiogenesis in cancer treatment, such as Nintedanib, which has shown exceptional antitumor activity via inhibiting cell proliferation and the resulting tumor growth, primarily due to its combined action on tumor cells, endothelial cells and pericytes. Accordingly, here we assessed both in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Nintedanib in PCa. The results showed that Nintedanib decreased cell viability in both androgen dependent- and -independent PCa cells, together with a decrease in cell motility and invasiveness. Nintedanib also reduced the expression of significant genes responsible for cell cycle progression. PCa PC3 xenograft-carrying nude mice treated with Nintedanib showed significantly decreased tumor volume and cell proliferation alongside diminished levels of pro-angiogenic molecules and blood vessel densities. In conclusion, we report that Nintedanib has strong efficacy against PCa in pre-clinical models via modulation of various pathways, and that it could be employed as a promising new strategy to manage PCa clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Frenedoso da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA. .,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of the c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) signaling pathway in tumor progression and invasion has been extensively studied. C-MET inhibitors have shown anti-tumor activity in NSCLC both in preclinical and in clinical trials. However, given the molecular heterogeneity of NSCLC, it is likely that only a specific subset of NSCLC patients will benefit from c-MET inhibitors. Emerging data also suggest that MET inhibitors in combination with EGFR-TKIs (epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors) may have a role in therapy for both EGFR-TKI resistant and EGFR-TKI naïve patients. The challenges ahead are in the identification of the molecular subtypes that benefit most. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current understanding of c-MET biology in relation to studies evaluating c-MET inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC. EXPERT OPINION MET inhibitors have the potential to benefit subsets of NSCLC patients with specific genetic alterations. Exon-14 skipping mutations appear so far to be the most promising molecular subset that is sensitive to MET inhibitors, whereas overexpression, amplification and point mutations of MET seem more challenging subgroups to target. Combination with other target agents, such as EGFR inhibitors, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in specific areas (e.g. EGFR-TKI resistance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pasquini
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington , DC , USA
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Fu L, Guo L, Zheng Y, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Zhao X, Cui H. Synergistic antitumor activity of low-dose c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor and sorafenib on human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5081-5086. [PMID: 29552141 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that is frequently used to treat various types of malignant tumors. However, it has been demonstrated that Sorafenib only has a moderate antitumor efficacy and is associated with numerous side effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which greatly limits its clinical application. The present study aimed to examine the effects of a combination of Sorafenib and low-dose PF-2341066, a selective c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of the NSCLC cell line NCI-H1993. The data indicated that treatment with a combination of Sorafenib and low-dose PF-2341066 was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration as well as promote the apoptosis, of NCI-H1993 cells, compared with treatment with Sorafenib or low-dose PF-2341066 alone. Further experiments indicated that the levels of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor and c-Met were significantly decreased following the combined treatment of Sorafenib and PF-2341066, compared with the treatment with Sorafenib or PF-2341066 alone. The findings of the present study indicated that using a low-dose c-Met inhibitor enhances the antitumor activity of Sorafenib in NSCLC and may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Surgical Ward 4, Shandong Tumor Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Hongxue Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
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Liu Q, Yu S, Zhao W, Qin S, Chu Q, Wu K. EGFR-TKIs resistance via EGFR-independent signaling pathways. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:53. [PMID: 29455669 PMCID: PMC5817859 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)-treatments bring significant benefit for patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, especially for those with lung cancer. Unfortunately, the majority of these patients ultimately develop to the acquired resistance after a period of treatment. Two central mechanisms are involved in the resistant process: EGFR secondary mutations and bypass signaling activations. In an EGFR-dependent manner, acquired mutations, such as T790 M, interferes the interaction between TKIs and the kinase domain of EGFR. While in an EGFR-independent manner, dysregulation of other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) or abnormal activation of downstream compounds both have compensatory functions against the inhibition of EGFR through triggering phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling axes. Nowadays, many clinical trials aiming to overcome and prevent TKIs resistance in various cancers are ongoing or completed. EGFR-TKIs in accompany with the targeted agents for resistance-related factors afford a promising first-line strategy to further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shengnan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Yang Z, Tam KY. Combination Strategies Using EGFR-TKi in NSCLC Therapy: Learning from the Gap between Pre-Clinical Results and Clinical Outcomes. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:204-216. [PMID: 29483838 PMCID: PMC5821041 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have been used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for decades with great success in patients with EGFR mutations, acquired resistance inevitably occurs after long-term exposure. More recently, combination therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome this issue. Several experiments have been carried out to evaluate the synergism of combination therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, many clinical studies have been carried out to investigate the feasibility of treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) combined with other NSCLC treatments, including radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapies, targeted therapies, and emerging immunotherapies. However, a significant gap still exists when applying pre-clinical results to clinical scenarios, which hinders the development and use of these strategies. This article is a literature review analysing the rationalities and controversies in the transition from pre-clinical investigation to clinical practice associated with various combination strategies. It also highlights clues and challenges regarding future combination therapeutic options in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Chellappan DK, Chellian J, Ng ZY, Sim YJ, Theng CW, Ling J, Wong M, Foo JH, Yang GJ, Hang LY, Nathan S, Singh Y, Gupta G. The role of pazopanib on tumour angiogenesis and in the management of cancers: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:768-781. [PMID: 29054093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pazopanib is a relatively new compound to be introduced into the chemotherapy field. It is thought to have decent anti-angiogenic properties, which gives an additional hope for the treatment of certain types of cancers. A systematic review solely discussing about pazopanib and its anti-angiogenic effect is yet to be published to date, despite several relevant clinical trials being conducted over the recent years. In this review, we aim to investigate the mechanism of pazopanib's anti-angiogenic effect and its effectiveness in treating several cancers. We have included, in this study, findings from electronically searchable data from randomized clinical trials, clinical studies, cohort studies and other relevant articles. A total of 352 studies were included in this review. From the studies, the effect of pazopanib in various cancers or models was observed and recorded. Study quality is indefinite, with a few decent quality articles. The most elaborately studied cancers include renal cell carcinoma, solid tumors, advanced solid tumors, soft tissue sarcoma, breast cancer and gynecological cancers. In addition, several less commonly studied cancers are included in the studies as well. Pazopanib had demonstrated its anti-angiogenic effect based on favorable results observed in cancers, which are caused by angiogenesis-related mechanisms, such as renal cell carcinoma, solid tumors, advanced solid tumors and soft tissue sarcoma. This review was conducted to study, analyze and review the anti-angiogenic properties of pazopanib in various cancers. The results obtained can provide a decent reference when considering treatment options for angiogenesis-related malignancies. Furthermore, the definite observations of the anti-angiogenic effects of pazopanib could provide newer insights leading to the future development of drugs of the same mechanism with increased efficiency and reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Zhao Yin Ng
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Yan Jinn Sim
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chiu Wei Theng
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Joyce Ling
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mei Wong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hui Foo
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Goh Jun Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Li Yu Hang
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Saranyah Nathan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Yogendra Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India.
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Chuang JC, Neal JW. The persistent promise of combining HGF/MET and EGFR inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2017; 123:2798-2801. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jody C. Chuang
- Department of Medicine; Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
| | - Joel W. Neal
- Department of Medicine; Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford California
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