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Wang X, Yang M, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Li G. Role of exosomal non‑coding RNAs in ovarian cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:87. [PMID: 39129308 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological disease with a high mortality rate worldwide due to its insidious nature and undetectability at an early stage. The standard treatment, combining platinum‑based chemotherapy with cytoreductive surgery, has suboptimal results. Therefore, early diagnosis of OC is crucial. All cell types secrete extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes. Exosomes, which contain lipids, proteins, DNA and non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are novel methods of intercellular communication that participate in tumor development and progression. ncRNAs are categorized by size into long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and small ncRNAs (sncRNAs). sncRNAs further include transfer RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, PIWI‑interacting RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs inhibit protein translation and promote messenger RNA (mRNA) cleavage to suppress gene expression. By sponging downstream miRNAs, lncRNAs and circular RNAs can regulate target gene expression, thereby weakening the interactions between miRNAs and mRNAs. Exosomes and exosomal ncRNAs, commonly present in human biological fluids, are promising biomarkers for OC. The present article aimed to review the potential role of exosomal ncRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of OC by summarizing the characteristics, processes, roles and isolation methods of exosomes and exosomal ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jiamei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Oriental Fortune Capital Post‑Doctoral Innovation Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518040, P.R. China
| | - Gencui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Dabral P, Bhasin N, Ranjan M, Makhlouf MM, Abd Elmageed ZY. Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Solid Tumors: Their Clinical Utility and Reliability as Tumor Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2462. [PMID: 39001524 PMCID: PMC11240796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Early cancer detection and accurate monitoring are crucial to ensure increased patient survival. Recent research has focused on developing non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose cancer early and monitor disease progression at low cost and risk. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized particles secreted into extracellular spaces by most cell types, are gaining immense popularity as novel biomarker candidates for liquid cancer biopsy, as they can transport bioactive cargo to distant sites and facilitate intercellular communications. A literature search was conducted to discuss the current approaches for EV isolation and the advances in using EV-associated proteins, miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and lipids as liquid biopsies. We discussed the advantages and challenges of using these vesicles in clinical applications. Moreover, recent advancements in machine learning as a novel tool for tumor marker discovery are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Dabral
- Vitalant Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA;
| | - Nobel Bhasin
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Manish Ranjan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Maysoon M. Makhlouf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM), 4408 Bon Aire Drive, Monroe, LA 71203, USA;
| | - Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM), 4408 Bon Aire Drive, Monroe, LA 71203, USA;
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Chen Z, Wang C, Ding J, Yu T, Li N, Ye C. Construction and analysis of competitive endogenous RNA networks and prognostic models associated with ovarian cancer based on the exoRBase database. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291149. [PMID: 38603733 PMCID: PMC11008902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in blood exosomes of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) using bioinformatics and explore its pathogenesis. METHODS The exoRbase2.0 database was used to download blood exosome gene sequencing data from patients OC and normal controls and the expression profiles of exosomal mRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) were detected independently using R language for differential expression analysis. TargetScan and miRanda databases were combined for the prediction and differential expression of mRNA-binding microRNAs (miRNA). The miRcode and starBase databases were used to predict miRNAs that bind to differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs repectively. The relevant mRNA, circRNA, lncRNA and their corresponding miRNA prediction data were imported into Cytoscape software for visualization of the ceRNA network. The R language and KEGG Orthology-based Annotation System (KOBAS) were used to execute and illustrate the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Hub genes were identified using The CytoHubba plugin. RESULTS Thirty-one differentially expressed mRNAs, 17 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 24 differentially expressed circRNAs were screened. Cytoscape software was used to construct the ceRNA network with nine mRNA nodes, two lncRNA nodes, eight circRNA nodes, and 51 miRNA nodes. Both GO and KEGG were focused on the Spliceosome pathway, indicating that spliceosomes are closely linked with the development of OC, while heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and RNA binding motif protein X-linked genes were the top 10 score Hub genes screened by Cytoscape software, including two lncRNAs, four mRNAs, and four circRNAs. In patients with OC, the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2 (EIF4G2), SERPINE 1 mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1), ribosomal protein L15 (RPL15) and human leukocyte antigen complex P5 (HCP5) was significantly higher whereas that of testis expressed transcript, Y-linked 15 and DEAD-box helicase 3 Y-linked genes was lower compared to normal controls Immunocorrelation scores revealed that SERBP1 was significantly and negatively correlated with endothelial cells and CD4+ T cells and positively correlated with natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, respectively; RPL15 was significantly positively correlated with macrophages and endothelial cells and negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells and uncharacterized cells, respectively. EIF4G2 was significantly and negatively correlated with endothelial cells and CD4+ T cells, and positively correlated with uncharacterized cells, respectively. Based on the survival data and the significant correlation characteristics derived from the multifactorial Cox analysis (P < 0.05), the survival prediction curves demonstrated that the prognostic factors associated with 3-year survival in patients with OC were The prognostic factors associated with survival were Macrophage, RPL15. CONCLUSION This study successfully constructs a ceRNA regulatory network in blood exosomes of OV patients, which provides the specific targets for diagnosis and treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanhao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chongyu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianing Ding
- Department of Medicine, Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People’s Hospital of Taicang), Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gynecology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People’s Hospital of Taicang), Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cong Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People’s Hospital of Taicang), Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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4
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Ihlamur M, Kelleci K, Zengin Y, Allahverdiyev MA, Abamor EŞ. Applications of Exosome Vesicles in Different Cancer Types as Biomarkers. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:281-297. [PMID: 36941811 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230320120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in the fight against cancer is early detection. Early diagnosis is vital, but there are some barriers such as economic, cultural, and personal factors. Considering the disadvantages of radiological imaging techniques or serological analysis methods used in cancer diagnosis, such as being expensive, requiring expertise, and being time-consuming, there is a need to develop faster, more reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for use in cancer diagnosis. Exosomes, which are responsible for intercellular communication with sizes ranging from 30-120 nm, are naturally produced biological nanoparticles. Thanks to the cargo contents they carry, they are a potential biomarker to be used in the diagnosis of cancer. Exosomes, defined as extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, are effective in cancer growth, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and changes in microenvironmental conditions during tumor development change exosome secretion. Due to their high cellular activity, tumor cells produce much higher exosomes than healthy cells. Therefore, it is known that the number of exosomes in body fluids is significantly rich compared to other cells and can act as a stand-alone diagnostic biomarker. Cancer- derived exosomes have received great attention in recent years for the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of therapeutic response. In this article, the content, properties, and differences of exosomes detected in common types of cancer (lung, liver, pancreas, ovaries, breast, colorectal), which are the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, are reviewed. We also discuss the potential utility of exosome contents as a biomarker for early detection, which is known to be important in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ihlamur
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
- Biruni University, Vocational School, Department of Electronics and Automation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Kelleci
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
- Beykoz University, Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Zengin
- Bogazici University, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Adil Allahverdiyev
- Institute of the V. Akhundov National Scientific Research Medical Prophylactic, Baku, Azerbaijan Republic
| | - Emrah Şefik Abamor
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cao J, Wang H, Yang J, Zhang J, Li D, Xu P. Exosome-transmitted miR-30a-5p enhances cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in ovarian cancer. Cell Div 2023; 18:20. [PMID: 37915096 PMCID: PMC10621223 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-023-00099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) causes the highest rates of mortality among women's genital tract malignancies. Micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA), the most abundant long noncoding RNAs transmitted by exosomes, has been revealed to be a potential marker for OC since 2008. In this study, we aimed to determine the possible roles of miRNAs derived from exosomes in the early diagnosis of OC through miRNA microarray, besides, exploring the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs in the OC progression. METHODS We isolated exosomes from high invasive OC cell line HO8910PM and its parent cell line HO8910 using transmission electron microscopy and western blot, and performed miRNA microarray to identify the exosome-transmitted miRNA from the two cell lines, respectively. The expression profile was obtained by quantitative analysis, and then the differentially expressed individuals were screened. miRNA-30a-5p, a stable miRNA in both cells of our sequencing data was set for further study. MiR-30a-5p mimics, inhibitor and their corresponding negative controls were applied in OC cells. Then the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of different groups were analyzed via cell counting-kit 8 (CCK8), wound healing, and Transwell analyses. Besides, ZBE2 and LDH2 expressions were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Combined with the data report of miRNA microarray technology, we set miR-30a-5p as our target miRNA to analyze its molecular function in regulating proliferation, migration, and invasion in OC cells. Our results showed that the miR-30a-5p overexpression could significantly enhance the capability of proliferation, migration, and invasion of HO8910 and HO8910PM cells, whereas the miR-30a-5p inhibition showed the opposite tendency (all P < 0.05). Besides, miR-30a-5p may be involved in these oncogenic processes through the upregulation of ZEB2 and LDH2. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that exosome-transmitted miRNA-30a-5p promotes the malignant behavior of OC cells, which may be served as a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for patients with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123 Tianfei Lane, Mochou Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123 Tianfei Lane, Mochou Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - Dake Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123 Tianfei Lane, Mochou Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123 Tianfei Lane, Mochou Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang X, Xia J, Yang L, Dai J, He L. Recent progress in exosome research: isolation, characterization and clinical applications. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1051-1065. [PMID: 37106070 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, a kind of nano-vesicles released by various cell types, carry a variety of "cargos" including proteins, RNAs, DNAs and lipids. There is substantial evidence that exosomes are involved in intercellular communication by exchanging "cargos" among cells and play important roles in cancer development. Because of the different expressions of "cargos" carried by exosomes in biological fluids under physiological and pathological conditions, exosomes have the potential as a minimally invasive method of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, due to their good biocompatibility, safety, biodistribution and low immunogenicity, exosomes also have potential applications in the development of promising cancer treatment methods. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the isolation and characterization techniques of exosomes. Moreover, we review the biological functions of exosomes in regulating tumor metastasis, drug resistance and immune regulation during cancer development and outline the applications of exosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jingyi Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The people's hospital of jianyang city, Jianyang, 641400, China
| | - Jingying Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Lin He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Mahmoodpour M, Kiasari BA, Karimi M, Abroshan A, Shamshirian D, Hosseinalizadeh H, Delavari A, Mirzei H. Paper-based biosensors as point-of-care diagnostic devices for the detection of cancers: a review of innovative techniques and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1131435. [PMID: 37456253 PMCID: PMC10348714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1131435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and rapid progression of cancer are major social problems. Medical diagnostic techniques and smooth clinical care of cancer are new necessities that must be supported by innovative diagnostic methods and technologies. Current molecular diagnostic tools based on the detection of blood protein markers are the most common tools for cancer diagnosis. Biosensors have already proven to be a cost-effective and accessible diagnostic tool that can be used where conventional laboratory methods are not readily available. Paper-based biosensors offer a new look at the world of analytical techniques by overcoming limitations through the creation of a simple device with significant advantages such as adaptability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of use, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we covered the characteristics of exosomes and their role in tumor growth and clinical diagnosis, followed by a discussion of various paper-based biosensors for exosome detection, such as dipsticks, lateral flow assays (LFA), and microfluidic paper-based devices (µPADs). We also discussed the various clinical studies on paper-based biosensors for exosome detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mahmoodpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merat Karimi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arezou Abroshan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Danial Shamshirian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Delavari
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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8
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Homayoonfal M, Gilasi H, Asemi Z, Mahabady MK, Asemi R, Yousefi B. Quercetin modulates signal transductions and targets non-coding RNAs against cancer development. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110667. [PMID: 37023996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, various investigations have indicated that natural compounds have great potential in the prevention and treatment of different chronic disorders including different types of cancer. As a bioactive flavonoid, Quercetin (Qu) is a dietary ingredient enjoying high pharmacological values and health-promoting effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characterization. Conclusive in vitro and in vivo evidence has revealed that Qu has great potential in cancer prevention and development. Qu exerts its anticancer influences by altering various cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, metastasis, cell cycle, and proliferation. In this way, Qu by targeting numerous signaling pathways as well as non-coding RNAs regulates several cellular mechanisms to suppress cancer occurrence and promotion. This review aimed to summarize the impact of Qu on the molecular pathways and non-coding RNAs in modulating various cancer-associated cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Gilasi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Reza Asemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Hade MD, Suire CN, Suo Z. An Effective Peptide-Based Platform for Efficient Exosomal Loading and Cellular Delivery of a microRNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3851-3866. [PMID: 36638205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, membrane-bound nanosized vesicles of biologic origin, are known to contain various molecules, e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which contribute to the exosomes' ability to mediate cell-to-cell communication. Recent impediments of artificial nanoparticles in drug delivery, including low cellular uptake, activation of the immune system, and tissue obstacles, have led scientists to engineer exosomes as drug delivery vehicles. Though exosomes possess inherent properties of stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and capability to cross biological barriers, there is a need to develop technologies that allow the efficient loading of therapeutic materials into exosomes. Here, we introduced a simple peptide-equipped technology that can enhance the cargo-loading potential of exosomes in a mild loading environment. Specifically, a known cell-penetrating peptide, YARA, derived from human immunodeficiency virus-1 trans-activator of transcription, was covalently conjugated with miR-21-5p, a mammalian microRNA. The conjugate YARA-miR-21-5p was then incubated with exosomes, isolated from either mesenchymal stem cells or cancer cells, for loading. Exosomal loading of YARA-miR-21-5p was time-dependent and demonstrated an impressive 18.6-fold increase in efficiency over exosomal loading of miR-21-5p through incubation. After effective cellular uptake, the loaded exosomes rapidly delivered YARA-miR-21-5p into mammalian cells. Relative to unloaded exosomes and free YARA-miR-21-5p, the loaded exosomes significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human and mouse fibroblasts, which are vital steps in wound healing. This study lays the groundwork for using cell-penetrating peptides as an innovative approach to efficiently load therapeutic cargos, e.g., microRNAs, into exosomes, which can then be employed to deliver the cargos into cells to yield biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh D Hade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Caitlin N Suire
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zucai Suo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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10
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Jafari A, Karimabadi K, Rahimi A, Rostaminasab G, Khazaei M, Rezakhani L, Ahmadi jouybari T. The Emerging Role of Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231205999. [PMID: 37817634 PMCID: PMC10566290 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231205999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of cancer-related deaths are recorded globally each year, despite attempts to cure this illness. Medical science is working to develop new medication therapies as well as to find ways to identify this illness as early as possible, even using noninvasive techniques. Early detection of cancer can greatly aid its treatment. Studies into cancer diagnosis and therapy have recently shifted their focus to exosome (EXO) biomarkers, which comprise numerous RNA and proteins. EXOs are minuscule goblet vesicles that have a width of 30 to 140 nm and are released by a variety of cells, including immune, stem, and tumor cells, as well as bodily fluids. According to a growing body of research, EXOs, and cancer appear to be related. EXOs from tumors play a role in the genetic information transfer between tumor and basal cells, which controls angiogenesis and fosters tumor development and spread. To identify malignant activities early on, microRNAs (miRNAs) from cancers can be extracted from circulatory system EXOs. Specific markers can be used to identify cancer-derived EXOs containing miRNAs, which may be more reliable and precise for early detection. Conventional solid biopsy has become increasingly limited as precision and personalized medicine has advanced, while liquid biopsy offers a viable platform for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, the use of body fluids such as serum, plasma, urine, and salivary secretions can help find cancer biomarkers using technologies related to EXOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyvan Karimabadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aso Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Rostaminasab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Touraj Ahmadi jouybari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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11
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Wu S, Mu C, Sun JJ, Hu XR, Yao YH. Role of Exosomal Non-Coding RNA in the Tumour Microenvironment of Genitourinary System Tumours. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231198348. [PMID: 37981789 PMCID: PMC10664451 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231198348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, genitourinary system tumors are common in people of all ages, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients, the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases are constantly being updated and improved. Exosomes, with a lipid bilayer that enable delivery of their contents into body fluids or other cells. Exosomes can regulate the tumor microenvironment, and play an important role in tumor development. In turn, cellular and non-cellular components of tumor microenvironment also affect the occurrence, progression, invasion and metastasis of tumor. Non-coding RNAs have been shown to be able to be ingested and released by exosomes, and are seen as a potential tool in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, we summarize the effect of non-coding RNAs of exosome contents on the tumor microenvironment of genitourinary system tumor, expound the significance of non-coding RNAs of exosome in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Mu
- Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-jia Sun
- Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-rong Hu
- Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-hong Yao
- Professor in Basic Medical College, Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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12
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Pallares-Rusiñol A, Bernuz M, Moura SL, Fernández-Senac C, Rossi R, Martí M, Pividori MI. Advances in exosome analysis. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:69-117. [PMID: 36642486 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is growing demand for novel biomarkers that detect early stage disease as well as monitor clinical management and therapeutic strategies. Exosome analysis could provide the next advance in attaining that goal. Exosomes are membrane encapsulated biologic nanometric-sized particles of endocytic origin which are released by all cell types. Unfortunately, exosomes are exceptionally challenging to characterize with current technologies. Exosomes are between 30 and 200nm in diameter, a size that makes them out of the sensitivity range to most cell-oriented sorting or analysis platforms, i.e., traditional flow cytometers. The most common methods for targeting exosomes to date typically involve purification followed by the characterization and the specific determination of their cargo. The whole procedure is time consuming, requiring thus skilled personnel as well as laboratory facilities and benchtop instrumentation. The most relevant methodology for exosome isolation, characterization and quantification is addressed in this chapter, including the most up-to-date approaches to explore the potential usefulness of exosomes as biomarkers in liquid biopsies and in advanced nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Pallares-Rusiñol
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mireia Bernuz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Silio Lima Moura
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carolina Fernández-Senac
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosanna Rossi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercè Martí
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Isabel Pividori
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Grup de Sensors i Biosensors, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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13
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Mishra S, Amatya SB, Salmi S, Koivukangas V, Karihtala P, Reunanen J. Microbiota and Extracellular Vesicles in Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205121. [PMID: 36291904 PMCID: PMC9600290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have emerged as contemporary treatments for a variety of cancers. However, the efficacy of antibody-based ICIs could be further enhanced. Microbiota have been demonstrated to be among the vital factors governing cancer progression and response to therapy in patients. Bacteria secrete extracellular vesicles carrying bioactive metabolites within their cargo that can cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and alter the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles, particularly those derived from bacteria, could thus be of promising assistance in refining the treatment outcomes for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The potentiality of microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in improving the currently used treatments and presenting new therapeutic avenues for cancer has been featured in this review. Abstract Cancer is a deadly disease worldwide. In light of the requisite of convincing therapeutic methods for cancer, immune checkpoint inhibition methods such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy appear promising. Human microbiota have been exhibited to regulate susceptibility to cancer as well as the response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. However, the probable contribution of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in cancer pathophysiology and treatment has not been investigated much. bEVs illustrate the ability to cross physiological barriers, assemble around the tumor cells, and likely modify the tumor microenvironment (EVs). This systematic review emphasizes the correlation between cancer-associated extracellular vesicles, particularly bEVs and the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The clinical and pharmacological prospective of bEVs in revamping the contemporary treatments for cancer has been further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Mishra
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonja Salmi
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Peeter Karihtala
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence:
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14
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McAlarnen LA, Gupta P, Singh R, Pradeep S, Chaluvally-Raghavan P. Extracellular vesicle contents as non-invasive biomarkers in ovarian malignancies. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:347-359. [PMID: 36090475 PMCID: PMC9420349 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer most commonly presents at an advanced stage where survival is approximately 30% compared with >80% if diagnosed and treated before disease spreads. Diagnostic capabilities have progressed from surgical staging via laparotomy to image-guided biopsies and immunohistochemistry staining, along with advances in technology and medicine. Despite improvements in diagnostic capabilities, population-level screening for ovarian cancer is not recommended. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 40–150 nm structures formed when the cellular lipid bilayer invaginates. These structures function in cell signaling, immune responses, cancer progression, and establishing the tumor microenvironment. EVs are found in nearly every bodily fluid, including serum, plasma, ascites, urine, and effusion fluid, and contain molecular cargo from their cell of origin. This cargo can be analyzed to yield information about a possible malignancy. In this review we describe how the cargo of EVs has been studied as biomarkers in ovarian cancer. We bring together studies analyzing evidence for various cargos as ovarian cancer biomarkers. Then, we describe the role of EVs in modulation of the tumor microenvironment. This review also summarizes the therapeutic and translational potential of EVs for their optimal utilization as non-invasive biomarkers for novel treatments against cancer.
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15
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Chen L, Wang K, Li L, Zheng B, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Chen J, Wang S. Plasma exosomal miR-1260a, miR-7977 and miR-192-5p as diagnostic biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2919-2931. [PMID: 35893704 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study aimed to clarify the diagnostic value of exosomal miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: Plasma exosomes were isolated from peripheral blood of EOC patients and healthy donors by ultracentrifugation and verified by transmission electron microscopy, qNano and western blot. The expression of exosomal miRNAs was detected by quantitative PCR, and the diagnostic efficiency of exosomal miRNAs was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: Exosomal miR-1260a, miR-7977 and miR-192-5p were significantly decreased in EOC as compared with healthy controls. The area under the curve of the combination of three exosomal miRNAs was 0.8337. Moreover, the level of exosomal miR-7977 was related to the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, which decreased in EOC patients with a high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Conclusion: Exosomal miR-1260a, miR-7977 and miR-192-5p act as potentially EOC diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Post-Doctoral Research Station, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Kangyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Baibing Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, PR China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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16
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The Exosome Journey: From Biogenesis to Regulation and Function in Cancers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9356807. [PMID: 35898929 PMCID: PMC9313905 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9356807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of small endosomal-derived vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm, which can serve as functional mediators in cell-to-cell communication and various physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as crucial mediators of intracellular communication among tumor cells, immune cells, and stromal cells, which can shuttle bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Exosomes exhibit the high bioavailability, biological stability, targeting specificity, low toxicity, and immune characteristics, suggesting their potentials in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. They can be applied as an effective tool in the diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery in cancers. This review summarizes the regulation and functions of exosomes in various cancers to augment our understanding of exosomes, which paves the way for parallel advancements in the therapeutic approach of cancers. In this review, we also discuss the challenges and prospects for clinical application of exosome-based diagnostics and therapeutics for cancers.
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Bahmani L, Ullah M. Different Sourced Extracellular Vesicles and Their Potential Applications in Clinical Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131989. [PMID: 35805074 PMCID: PMC9265969 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a heterogeneous group of natural cell-derived nanostructures that are increasingly regarded as promising biotherapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles in human medicine. Desirable intrinsic properties of EVs including the ability to bypass natural membranous barriers and to deliver their unique biomolecular cargo to specific cell populations position them as fiercely competitive alternatives for currently available cell therapies and artificial drug delivery platforms. EVs with distinct characteristics can be released from various cell types into the extracellular environment as a means of transmitting bioactive components and altering the status of the target cell. Despite the existence of a large number of preclinical studies confirming the therapeutic efficacy of different originated EVs for treating several pathological conditions, in this review, we first provide a brief overview of EV biophysical properties with an emphasis on their intrinsic therapeutic benefits over cell-based therapies and synthetic delivery systems. Next, we describe in detail different EVs derived from distinct cell sources, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and recapitulate their therapeutic effects on various human disorders to highlight the progress made in harnessing EVs for clinical applications. Finally, knowledge gaps and concrete hurdles that currently hinder the clinical translation of EV therapies are debated with a futuristic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bahmani
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Liu M, Zhou X, Tang J. Non-Coding RNAs Delivery by Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Applications in Ovarian Cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:876151. [PMID: 35662846 PMCID: PMC9161355 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.876151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most fatal gynecological malignancy because of its early asymptomatic nature and acquired resistance to chemotherapy. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are a heterogeneous group of biological vesicles with a diameter <200 nm released by cells under physiological or pathological conditions. sEVs-derived non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are the essential effectors in the biological environment. sEVs-ncRNAs have critical roles in tumor progression via regulating mRNA expression of target cells to affect cell signaling. In addition, the status of parental cells can be disclosed via analyzing the composition of sEVs-ncRNAs, and their “cargoes” with specific changes can be used as key biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of OC. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that sEVs-ncRNAs are involved in multiple key processes that mediate the development of metastasis and chemotherapeutic resistance in OC: epithelial–mesenchymal transition; tumorigenicity of mesenchymal stem cells; immune evasion; angiogenesis. The nanomedicine delivery system based on engineering sEVs is expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy for OC. Insights into the biological roles of sEVs-ncRNAs in the invasion, metastasis, immune regulation, and chemoresistance of OC will contribute to discovery of novel biomarkers and molecular targets for early detection and innovative therapy. In this review, we highlight recent advances and applications of sEVs-ncRNAs in OC diagnosis and treatment. We also outline current challenges and knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hunan Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Tang,
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19
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Qiu L, Weng G. The diagnostic value of serum miR-21 in patients with ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:51. [PMID: 35501921 PMCID: PMC9059364 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There have been a variety of published studies on the expression of serum miR-21 in patients with ovarian cancer associated with the diagnostic value of ovarian cancer, but the conclusions are not clearly elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the value of serum miR-21 expression in the diagnosis of patients with ovarian cancer by meta-analysis. Methods Databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China WanFang, were searched for relevant studies upon the correlation between the expression of serum miR-21 and the diagnostic value of ovarian cancer from inception to March 7, 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were calculated. The meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) system was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. Results A total of 6 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.81 (95%CI: 0.73–0.88), 0.82 (95%CI: 0.75–0.87), 4.51 (95%CI: 3.22–6.31), 0.23 (95%CI: 0.16–0.33), and 19.87 (95% CI: 11.27–35.03), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89 (95%CI: 0.85–0.91). No significant publication bias was found (P > 0.05). Conclusion Serum miR-21 has a good diagnostic value for ovarian cancer, which can be an ideal diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer. However, we should gingerly use miR-21 as a diagnostic reference standard, due to the limited number of included studies and heterogeneity.
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20
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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Mitochondrial Reprogramming in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081865. [PMID: 35454774 PMCID: PMC9032679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are important organelles involved in several key cellular processes including energy production and cell death regulation. For this reason, it is unsurprising that mitochondrial function and structure are altered in several pathological states including cancer. Cancer cells present variate strategies to generate sufficient energy to sustain their high proliferation rates. These adaptative strategies can be mediated by extracellular signals such as extracellular vesicles. These vesicles can alter recipient cellular behavior by delivering their molecular cargo. This review explores the different EV-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming mechanisms supporting cancer survival and progression. Abstract Altered metabolism is a defining hallmark of cancer. Metabolic adaptations are often linked to a reprogramming of the mitochondria due to the importance of these organelles in energy production and biosynthesis. Cancer cells present heterogeneous metabolic phenotypes that can be modulated by signals originating from the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as key players in intercellular communications and mediate many of the hallmarks of cancer via the delivery of their diverse biological cargo molecules. Firstly, this review introduces the most characteristic changes that the EV-biogenesis machinery and mitochondria undergo in the context of cancer. Then, it focuses on the EV-driven processes which alter mitochondrial structure, composition, and function to provide a survival advantage to cancer cells in the context of the hallmarks of cancers, such as altered metabolic strategies, migration and invasiveness, immune surveillance escape, and evasion of apoptosis. Finally, it explores the as yet untapped potential of targeting mitochondria using EVs as delivery vectors as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
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21
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Hussen BM, Mohaqiq M, Shoorei H, Baniahmad A, Taheri M, Jamali E. Interplay Between Non-Coding RNAs and Programmed Cell Death Proteins. Front Oncol 2022; 12:808475. [PMID: 35402235 PMCID: PMC8983884 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.808475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PDCD) family of proteins includes at least 12 members, function of seven of them being more investigated. These members are PDCD1, PDCD2, PDCD4, PDCD5, PDCD6, PDCD7 and PDCD10. Consistent with the important roles of these proteins in the regulation of apoptosis, dysregulation of PDCDs is associated with diverse disorders ranging from intervertebral disc degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, immune thrombocytopenia, type 1 diabetes, congenital hypothyroidism, Alzheimer’s disease to different types of cancers. More recently, the interaction between non-coding RNAs and different members of PDCD family is being discovered. In the current study, we described the functional interactions between PDCDs and two classes of non-coding RNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). miR-21 and miR-183 are two miRNAs whose interactions with PDCDs have been assessed in different contexts. The lncRNAs interaction with PDCDs is mainly assessed in the context of neoplasia indicating the role of MALAT1, MEG3, SNHG14 and LINC00473 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Universality of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mahdi Mohaqiq
- School of Advancement, Centennial College, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Universality of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Elena Jamali,
| | - Elena Jamali
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Universality of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Elena Jamali,
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22
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Ye M, Wang J, Pan S, Zheng L, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes of different origins as potential biomarkers for gynecologic cancers. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:101-113. [PMID: 35024437 PMCID: PMC8718571 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Corresponding author Zhi-Wei Wang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Corresponding author Xueqiong Zhu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Jahan S, Mukherjee S, Ali S, Bhardwaj U, Choudhary RK, Balakrishnan S, Naseem A, Mir SA, Banawas S, Alaidarous M, Alyenbaawi H, Iqbal D, Siddiqui AJ. Pioneer Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of Cancer Initiation in Progression, Drug Therapy, and Vaccine Prospects. Cells 2022; 11:490. [PMID: 35159299 PMCID: PMC8833976 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading diseases, causing deaths worldwide. Nearly 10 million deaths were reported in 2020 due to cancer alone. Several factors are involved in cancer progressions, such as lifestyle and genetic characteristics. According to a recent report, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy failure. EVs can play a major role in intracellular communication, the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and pathogenesis in several types of diseases. In a healthy person, EVs carry different cargoes, such as miRNA, lncRNA etc., to help other body functions. On the other hand, the same EV in a tumor microenvironment carries cargoes such as miRNA, lncRNA, etc., to initiate or help cancer progression at various stages. These stages may include the proliferation of cells and escape from apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis, reprogramming energy metabolism, evasion of the immune response, and transfer of mutations. Tumor-derived EVs manipulate by altering normal functions of the body and affect the epigenetics of normal cells by limiting the genetic makeup through transferring mutations, histone modifications, etc. Tumor-derived EVs also pose therapy resistance through transferring drug efflux pumps and posing multiple drug resistances. Such EVs can also help as biomarkers for different cancer types and stages, which ultimately help with cancer diagnosis at early stages. In this review, we will shed light on EVs' role in performing normal functions of the body and their position in different hallmarks of cancer, in altering the genetics of a normal cell in a tumor microenvironment, and their role in therapy resistance, as well as the importance of EVs as diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouvik Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shaheen Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Urvashi Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhanaraj Balakrishnan
- Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mohammed Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
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Pascual-Antón L, Cardeñes B, Sainz de la Cuesta R, González-Cortijo L, López-Cabrera M, Cabañas C, Sandoval P. Mesothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Exosomes in Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111496. [PMID: 34768926 PMCID: PMC8584135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with ovarian cancer (OvCA) present peritoneal disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis. During peritoneal metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor and disseminate through the intraperitoneal fluid. The peritoneal mesothelial cell (PMC) monolayer that lines the abdominal cavity is the first barrier encountered by OvCA cells. Subsequent progression of tumors through the peritoneum leads to the accumulation into the peritoneal stroma of a sizeable population of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which is mainly originated from a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) process. A common characteristic of OvCA patients is the intraperitoneal accumulation of ascitic fluid, which is composed of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, miRNAs, and proteins contained in exosomes, as well as tumor and mesothelial suspended cells, among other components that vary in proportion between patients. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that have been shown to mediate peritoneal metastasis by educating a pre-metastatic niche, promoting the accumulation of CAFs via MMT, and inducing tumor growth and chemoresistance. This review summarizes and discusses the pivotal role of exosomes and MMT as mediators of OvCA peritoneal colonization and as emerging diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
| | | | | | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Inflammatory and Immune Disorders Area, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (P.S.); Tel.: +34-91-196-4513 (C.C.); +34-91-196-4707 (P.S.)
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (P.S.); Tel.: +34-91-196-4513 (C.C.); +34-91-196-4707 (P.S.)
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25
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Cocks A, Martinez-Rodriguez V, Del Vecchio F, Schukking M, Broseghini E, Giannakopoulos S, Fabbri M. Diverse roles of EV-RNA in cancer progression. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 75:127-135. [PMID: 33440245 PMCID: PMC8271091 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players in all aspects of cancer biology. Their function is mediated by their cargo and surface molecules including proteins, lipids, sugars and nucleic acids. RNA in particular is a key mediator of EV function both in normal and cancer cells. This statement is supported by several lines of evidence. First, cells do not always randomly load RNA in EVs, there seems to be a specific manner in which cells populate their EVs with certain RNA molecules. Moreover, cellular uptake of EV-RNA and the secondary compartmentalization of EV-RNA in recipient cells is widely reported, and these RNAs have an impact on all aspects of cancer growth and the anti-tumoral immune response. Additionally, EV-RNA seems to work through various mechanisms of action, highlighting the intricacies of EVs and their RNA cargo as prominent means of inter-cellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Cocks
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Verena Martinez-Rodriguez
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Filippo Del Vecchio
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Monique Schukking
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Elisabetta Broseghini
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | | | - Muller Fabbri
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Záveský L, Jandáková E, Weinberger V, Hanzíková V, Slanař O, Kohoutová M. Ascites in ovarian cancer: MicroRNA deregulations and their potential roles in ovarian carcinogenesis. Cancer Biomark 2021; 33:1-16. [PMID: 34511487 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer comprises the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and is accompanied by the high potential for the incidence of metastasis, recurrence and chemotherapy resistance, often associated with a formation of ascitic fluid. The differentially expressed ascites-derived microRNAs may be linked to ovarian carcinogenesis. The article focuses on a number of miRNAs that share a common expression pattern as determined by independent studies using ascites samples and with regard to their functions and outcomes in experimental and clinical investigations.Let-7b and miR-143 have featured as tumor suppressors in ovarian cancer, which is in line with data on other types of cancer. Although two miRNAs, i.e. miR-26a-5p and miR-145-5p, act principally as tumor suppressor miRNAs, they occasionally exhibit oncogenic roles. The performance of miR-95-3p, upregulated in ascites, is open to debate given the current lack of supportive data on ovarian cancer; however, data on other cancers indicates its probable oncogenic role. Different findings have been reported for miR-182-5p and miR-200c-3p; in addition to their presumed oncogenic roles, contrasting findings have indicated their ambivalent functions. Further research is required for the identification and evaluation of the potential of specific miRNAs in the diagnosis, prediction, treatment and outcomes of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Záveský
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jandáková
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Weinberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hanzíková
- Faculty Transfusion Center, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Kohoutová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Burgos-Ravanal R, Campos A, Díaz-Vesga MC, González MF, León D, Lobos-González L, Leyton L, Kogan MJ, Quest AFG. Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Cancer Disease and as Nanosystems in Theranostic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3324. [PMID: 34283059 PMCID: PMC8268753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide despite decades of intense efforts to understand the molecular underpinnings of the disease. To date, much of the focus in research has been on the cancer cells themselves and how they acquire specific traits during disease development and progression. However, these cells are known to secrete large numbers of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are now becoming recognized as key players in cancer. EVs contain a large number of different molecules, including but not limited to proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs, and they are actively secreted by many different cell types. In the last two decades, a considerable body of evidence has become available indicating that EVs play a very active role in cell communication. Cancer cells are heterogeneous, and recent evidence reveals that cancer cell-derived EV cargos can change the behavior of target cells. For instance, more aggressive cancer cells can transfer their "traits" to less aggressive cancer cells and convert them into more malignant tumor cells or, alternatively, eliminate those cells in a process referred to as "cell competition". This review discusses how EVs participate in the multistep acquisition of specific traits developed by tumor cells, which are referred to as "the hallmarks of cancer" defined by Hanahan and Weinberg. Moreover, as will be discussed, EVs play an important role in drug resistance, and these more recent advances may explain, at least in part, why pharmacological therapies are often ineffective. Finally, we discuss literature proposing the use of EVs for therapeutic and prognostic purposes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Burgos-Ravanal
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - América Campos
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Magda C. Díaz-Vesga
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali 760008, Colombia
| | - María Fernanda González
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Daniela León
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7590943, Chile;
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Marcelo J. Kogan
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
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Al-Dossary AA, Tawfik EA, Isichei AC, Sun X, Li J, Alshehri AA, Alomari M, Almughem FA, Aldossary AM, Sabit H, Almalik AM. Engineered EV-Mimetic Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Delivery Vehicles for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123075. [PMID: 34203051 PMCID: PMC8234974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we begin with the role of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Then, we narrow our focus on the advantages of using EV-mimetic nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for RNAi therapy and other chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of the clinical translation of engineering EV mimetic drug delivery systems and the promising directions of further development. Abstract High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy among women. Several obstacles impede the early diagnosis and effective treatment options for ovarian cancer (OC) patients, which most importantly include the development of platinum-drug-resistant strains. Currently, extensive efforts are being put into the development of strategies capable of effectively circumventing the physical and biological barriers present in the peritoneal cavity of metastatic OC patients, representing a late stage of gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play a pivotal role in progression of OC and are now being harnessed as a delivery vehicle for cancer chemotherapeutics. However, there are limitations to their clinical application due to current challenges in their preparation techniques. Intriguingly, there is a recent drive towards the use of engineered synthetic EVs for the delivery of chemotherapeutics and RNA interference therapy (RNAi), as they show the promise of overcoming the obstacles in the treatment of OC patients. This review discusses the therapeutic application of EVs in OC and elucidates the potential use of engineered EV-mimetic nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for RNAi therapy and other chemotherapeutics, which would potentially improve clinical outcomes of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Al-Dossary
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-333-31137
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Adaugo C. Isichei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiahe Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hussein Sabit
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almalik
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
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29
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Emerging technologies and commercial products in exosome-based cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 183:113176. [PMID: 33845291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Academic and industrial groups worldwide have reported technological advances in exosome-based cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the potential translation of these emerging technologies for research and clinical settings remains unknown. This work overviews the role of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, followed by a survey on emerging exosome technologies, particularly microfluidic advances for the isolation and detection of exosomes in cancer research. The advantages and drawbacks of each of the technologies used for the isolation, detection and engineering of exosomes are evaluated to address their clinical challenges for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, commercial platforms for exosomal detection and analysis are introduced, and their performance and impact on cancer diagnosis and prognosis are assessed. Also, the risks associated with the further development of the next generation of exosome devices are discussed. The outcome of this work could facilitate recognizing deliverable Exo-devices and technologies with unprecedented functionality and predictable manufacturability for the next-generation of cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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30
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Wang YX, Wang YX, Li YK, Tu SY, Wang YQ. The Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Ovarian Cancer. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:139-149. [PMID: 33172376 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201110155721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecological malignancy. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is its most common form. OC has both, a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate due to the difficulties of early diagnosis, limitation of current treatment and resistance to chemotherapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a heterogeneous group of cell-derived submicron vesicles, which can be detected in body fluids, and it can be classified into three main types including exosomes, micro-vesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Cancer cells can produce more EVs than healthy cells. Moreover, the contents of these EVs have been found distinctive from each other. It has been considered that EVs shedding from tumor cells may be implicated in clinical applications, such as a tool for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and potential treatment of certain cancers. In this review, we provide a brief description of EVs. in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and drug-resistantance of OC. Cancer-related EVs show powerful influences on tumors by various biological mechanisms. However, the contents mentioned above remain in the laboratory stage and there is a lack of large-scale clinical trials, and the maturity of the purification and detection methods is a constraint. In addition, amplification of oncogenes on ecDNA is remarkably prevalent in cancer. It may be possible that ecDNA can be encapsulated in EVs and thus detected by us. In summary, much more research on EVs needs to be performed to reveal breakthroughs in OC and to accelerate the process of its application in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Xue Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ke Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yan Tu
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qing Wang
- First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
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31
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Esfandyari S, Elkafas H, Chugh RM, Park HS, Navarro A, Al-Hendy A. Exosomes as Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042165. [PMID: 33671587 PMCID: PMC7926632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an essential mechanism for the maintenance and development of various organs, including the female reproductive system. Today, it is well-known that the function of the female reproductive system and successful pregnancy are related to appropriate follicular growth, oogenesis, implantation, embryo development, and proper fertilization, dependent on the main regulators of cellular crosstalk, exosomes. During exosome synthesis, selective packaging of different factors into these vesicles happens within the originating cells. Therefore, exosomes contain both genetic and proteomic data that could be applied as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in pregnancy-associated disorders or placental functions. In this context, the present review aims to compile information about the potential exosomes with key molecular cargos that are dysregulated in female reproductive diseases which lead to infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), Asherman syndrome, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and preeclampsia, as well as signaling pathways related to the regulation of the reproductive system and pregnancy outcome during these pathological conditions. This review might help us realize the etiology of reproductive dysfunction and improve the early diagnosis and treatment of the related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hoda Elkafas
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) Formally, (NODCAR), Cairo 35521, Egypt
| | - Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hang-soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Antonia Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-773-832-0742
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32
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Zhang DX, Vu LT, Ismail NN, Le MTN, Grimson A. Landscape of extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment: Interactions with stromal cells and with non-cell components, and impacts on metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:24-44. [PMID: 33545339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive cargoes between cells, resulting in complex intercellular signalling mediated by EVs, which occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have demonstrated the versatile and crucial roles of EVs in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we revisit EV biology, and focus on EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and neurons. In addition, we focus on recent reports indicating interactions between EVs and non-cell constituents within the TME, including the extracellular matrix. We also review and summarise the intricate cancer-associated network modulated by EVs, which promotes metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and therapeutic resistance in the TME. We aim to provide a comprehensive and updated landscape of EVs in the TME, focusing on oncogenesis, cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, together with our future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Xin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Luyen Tien Vu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Nadiah Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Ji K, Wang X, Zhang A, Wen H. Prognostic value of microRNA-21 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23849. [PMID: 33350775 PMCID: PMC7769334 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD The expression of microRNA-21 has been shown to be associated with the prognosis in patients with malignant tumors. However, its prognostic value in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available data to clarify the association between microRNA-21 expression levels and clinical prognosis in EOC patients. METHODS Eligible literatures were searched from Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, China Scientific Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Database and Wanfang Database to identify eligible studies. Papers in English or Chinese published from their inception to November 2020 will be included. Methodological quality for each eligible trial will be assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Odds ratios or hazards ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were pooled to estimate the prognosis value of microRNA-21 by using Stata 14.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS This study will provide a high-quality evidence-based medical evidence of the correlations between microRNA-21 expression and overall survival and disease-free survival. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic review will show the effect of high expression of microRNA-21 on the prognosis of EOC patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY2020110064.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng people's Hospital
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng Fourth People's Hospital
| | | | - Hongwei Wen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine, Liaocheng people's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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Jurj A, Pop-Bica C, Slaby O, Ştefan CD, Cho WC, Korban SS, Berindan-Neagoe I. Tiny Actors in the Big Cellular World: Extracellular Vesicles Playing Critical Roles in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207688. [PMID: 33080788 PMCID: PMC7589964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Communications among cells can be achieved either via direct interactions or via secretion of soluble factors. The emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as entities that play key roles in cell-to-cell communication offer opportunities in exploring their features for use in therapeutics; i.e., management and treatment of various pathologies, such as those used for cancer. The potential use of EVs as therapeutic agents is attributed not only for their cell membrane-bound components, but also for their cargos, mostly bioactive molecules, wherein the former regulate interactions with a recipient cell while the latter trigger cellular functions/molecular mechanisms of a recipient cell. In this article, we highlight the involvement of EVs in hallmarks of a cancer cell, particularly focusing on those molecular processes that are influenced by EV cargos. Moreover, we explored the roles of RNA species and proteins carried by EVs in eliciting drug resistance phenotypes. Interestingly, engineered EVs have been investigated and proposed as therapeutic agents in various in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as in several clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Cecilia Pop-Bica
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina D. Ştefan
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Schuyler S. Korban
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (C.P.-B.)
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Oncology Institute, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Nazari-Shafti TZ, Neuber S, Garcia Duran A, Xu Z, Beltsios E, Seifert M, Falk V, Stamm C. Human mesenchymal stromal cells and derived extracellular vesicles: Translational strategies to increase their proangiogenic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1558-1569. [PMID: 32761804 PMCID: PMC7695640 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer great potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Studies have revealed that the efficacy of MSCs is mainly attributed to their capacity to secrete numerous trophic factors that promote angiogenesis, inhibit apoptosis, and modulate the immune response. There is growing evidence that MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a cargo of lipids, proteins, metabolites, and RNAs play a key role in this paracrine mechanism. In particular, encapsulated microRNAs have been identified as important positive regulators of angiogenesis in pathological settings of insufficient blood supply to the heart, thus opening a new path for the treatment of CVD. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge related to the proangiogenic potential of MSCs and MSC‐derived EVs as well as methods to enhance their biological activities for improved cardiac tissue repair. Increasing our understanding of mechanisms supporting angiogenesis will help optimize future approaches to CVD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Z Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Garcia Duran
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Beltsios
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Seifert
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christof Stamm
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ale Ebrahim S, Ashtari A, Zamani Pedram M, Ale Ebrahim N, Sanati-Nezhad A. Publication Trends in Exosomes Nanoparticles for Cancer Detection. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4453-4470. [PMID: 32617003 PMCID: PMC7326184 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s247210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are small vesicles produced by almost all cells in the body and found in all biofluids. Cancer cell-derived exosomes are known to have distinct, measurable signatures, applicable for early cancer diagnosis. Despite the present bibliometric studies on “Cancer detection” and “Nanoparticles”, no single study exists to deal with “Exosome” bibliometric study. Methods This bibliometric work investigated the publication trends of “Exosomes” nanoparticles and its application in cancer detection, for the literature from 2008 to July 2019. The data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. There were variant visual maps generated to show annual publication, most- relevant authors, sources, countries, topics and keywords. The network analysis of these studies was investigated to evaluate the research trends in the field of exosomes. In addition, the data were qualitatively analyzed according to 22 top-cited articles, illustrating the frequently used subjects and methods in exosomes research area. Results The results showed that the documents in this field have improved the citation rate. The top-relevant papers are mostly published in Scientific Reports journal which has lost its popularity after 2017, while today, Analytical Chemistry is leading in publishing the most articles related to exosomes. The documents containing keywords of plasma, cells, cancer, biomarkers, and vesicles as keywords plus, are more likely to be published in PLoS One journal. The clustering of the keywords network showed that the keyword theme of “extracellular vesicles” has the highest centrality rate. In global research, USA is the most corresponding country, followed by China, Korea and Australia. Based on the qualitative analysis, the published documents with at least 50 citations have used exosome release, cargo, detection, purification and secretion, as their targets and applied cell culture or isolation as their methods. Conclusion The bibliometric study on exosomes nanoparticles for cancer detection provides a clear vision of the future research direction and identifies the potential opportunities and challenges. This may lead new researchers to select the proper subfields in exosome-related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ale Ebrahim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maysam Zamani Pedram
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nader Ale Ebrahim
- Research and Technology Department, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Hallmarks of Cancer and Drug Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051141. [PMID: 32384712 PMCID: PMC7290603 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular signaling and communication, allowing the intercellular exchange of proteins, lipids, and genetic material. Their recognized role in the maintenance of the physiological balance and homeostasis seems to be severely disturbed throughout the carcinogenesis process. Indeed, the modus operandi of cancer implies the highjack of the EV signaling network to support tumor progression in many (if not all) human tumor malignancies. We have reviewed the current evidence for the role of EVs in affecting cancer hallmark traits by: (i) promoting cell proliferation and escape from apoptosis, (ii) sustaining angiogenesis, (iii) contributing to cancer cell invasion and metastasis, (iv) reprogramming energy metabolism, (v) transferring mutations, and (vi) modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) by evading immune response and promoting inflammation. Special emphasis was given to the role of EVs in the transfer of drug resistant traits and to the EV cargo responsible for this transfer, both between cancer cells or between the microenvironment and tumor cells. Finally, we reviewed evidence for the increased release of EVs by drug resistant cells. A timely and comprehensive understanding of how tumor EVs facilitate tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and drug resistance is instrumental for the development of innovative EV-based therapeutic approaches for cancer.
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38
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Pinto D, Schmitt F. Current applications of molecular testing on body cavity fluids. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 48:840-851. [PMID: 32227635 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effusion cytology has a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignancy and provides abundant material for molecular testing. Effusion draining is a minimally invasive procedure with few complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a review of publications regarding the use of molecular testing in serous effusions. RESULTS In diagnostics, BAP-1 IHC and CDKN2A FISH are powerful tools for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. FISH, PCR, and EBER-ISH work well in lymphomas. RT-PCR may enhance the diagnosis of secondary epithelial malignancies. In theranostics, molecular testing on serous effusions is widely reported for the detection of alterations in genes related to lung carcinomas, such as EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF. PD-L1 expression testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) also seems to be viable in this type of sample. HER2 FISH and IHC provide actionable results in the context of breast malignancies. Results in serous effusions seem to be equivalent to tissue biopsies for most applications and across different molecular techniques. The most interesting technology is next-generation sequencing (NGS), given its ability to sequence multiple genes on a single sample and the decreasing costs that have closely followed increasing throughputs. Cell-free DNA from effusion supernatants might be the most promising area for future research, showing superiority to serum and even to cell-block samples in limited studies. CONCLUSIONS Molecular tests are viable in serous effusion specimens when sufficient material is available. Given the rising importance of molecular testing we expect this to be an active field of research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pinto
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Pontecorvi G, Bellenghi M, Puglisi R, Carè A, Mattia G. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and microRNAs: Functional roles, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic options. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 51:75-83. [PMID: 31924512 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years cancer research more and more highlighted the importance of cell to cell communication in tumor progression. Among many other functional mechanisms, results evidenced the importance of miRNAs loaded into exosomes and their actions as mediators in intercellular communication, either in the tumor microenvironment or at distant sites. Deregulation of miRNA levels is a prerogative of cancer cells and is reflected in the miRNA cargo of tumor derived exosomes. Thus, learning of circulating miRNA activities add the missing piece we need to understand some unclear aspects of cancer biology. Here we summarized the current knowledge on exosome transfer capabilities between cancer cells and all the cells constituting tumor microenvironment with a particular focus on their miRNA cargos and regulatory functions. The clinical relevance of these molecular aspects is emphasized by numerous cell interactions that ultimately result in normal cell function defeat, relevant to increase tumor malignancy. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of circulating miRNAs offers new perspective for better diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients, eventually improving their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Pontecorvi
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bellenghi
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Mattia
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Zhou P, Xiong T, Yao L, Yuan J. MicroRNA-665 promotes the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by targeting SRCIN1. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1112-1120. [PMID: 32010277 PMCID: PMC6966142 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have discovered several microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) as biomarkers for the prediction of ovarian cancer by detecting miRNA profiles in serum samples from healthy volunteers and patients with ovarian cancer. However, whether and how these miRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis is not known. In the present study, the expression of miR-665, a recently discovered biomarker for ovarian cancer, was upregulated in tumor tissues from patients with ovarian cancer compared with normal tissues. Inhibition of miR-665 inhibited cell proliferation ability and inactivated MAPK/ERK signaling of ovarian cancer cells. Using bioinformatics analysis, Src kinase signaling inhibitor 1 (SRCIN1) was predicted as a potential target gene of miR-665. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting showed that SRCIN1 expression was repressed by miR-665 in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, a dual luciferase activity assay showed that SRCIN1 was a target gene of miR-665. Silencing of SRCIN1 could reverse the cell growth arrest, which was induced by the miR-665 inhibitor. Moreover, miR-665 levels were negatively correlated with SRCIN1 mRNA levels in tumor tissues from patients with ovarian cancer. In conclusion, the present data suggested that miR-665 functioned as an oncogene in ovarian cancer by directly repressing the expression of SRCIN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Tingchuan Xiong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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Záveský L, Jandáková E, Weinberger V, Minář L, Hanzíková V, Dušková D, Drábková LZ, Hořínek A. Ovarian Cancer: Differentially Expressed microRNAs in Tumor Tissue and Cell-Free Ascitic Fluid as Potential Novel Biomarkers. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:440-452. [PMID: 31530033 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1663208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer. The large-scale microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling and individual miRNA validation was performed to find potential novel biomarkers for ovarian cancer. The most consistent overexpression of miRs-200b-3p, 135 b-5p and 182-5p was found in both ascitic fluid and tumors and suggests their potential as oncogenes. miR-451a was consistently underexpressed so may be a tumor suppressor. Results were inconsistent for miR-204-5p, which was overexpressed in ascitic fluid but underexpressed in tumor tissue. miR-203a-3p was generally overexpressed but this failed to be proved in independent sample set in tissue validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Záveský
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jandáková
- Department of Pathology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vít Weinberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Minář
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hanzíková
- Faculty Transfusion Center, General University Hospital in Prague , Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Dušková
- Faculty Transfusion Center, General University Hospital in Prague , Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | | | - Aleš Hořínek
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague 2 , Czech Republic.,3rd Department of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague 2 , Czech Republic
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Ovarian cancer-derived exosomes promote tumour metastasis in vivo: an effect modulated by the invasiveness capacity of their originating cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1401-1419. [PMID: 31227603 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small nanovesicles that carry bioactive molecules which can be delivered to neighbouring cells to modify their biological functions. Studies have showed that exosomes from ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells can alter the cell migration and proliferation of cells within the tumour microenvironment, an effect modulated by the invasiveness capacity of their originating cells. Using an OVCA cell line xenograph mouse model, we showed that exosomes derived from a high invasiveness capacity cell line (exo-SKOV-3) promoted metastasis in vivo compared with exosomes from a low invasiveness capacity cell line (exo-OVCAR-3). Analysis from anin vivo imaging system (IVIS) revealed that exo-SKOV-3 formed metastatic niches, whereas exo-OVCAR-3 formed colonies of clustered cells close to the site of injection. Interestingly, kinetic parameters showed that the half-maximal stimulatory time (ST50) of tumour growth with exo-OVCAR-3 (4.0 ± 0.31 weeks) was significantly lower compared with the ST50 in mice injected with exo-SKOV-3 (4.5 ± 0.32 weeks). However, the number of metastic nodes in mice injected with exo-SKOV-3 was higher compared with exo-OVCAR-3. Using a quantitative mass spectrometry approach (SWATH MS/MS) followed by bioinformatics analysis using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), we identified a total of 771 proteins. Furthermore, 40 of these proteins were differentially expressed in tumour tissues from mice injected with exo-SKOV-3 compared with exo-OVCAR-3, and associated with Wnt canonical pathway (β-catenin). Finally, we identified a set of proteins which had elevated expression in the circulating exosomes in association with tumour metastasis. These observations suggest that exosomal signalling plays an important role in OVCA metastasis.
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Nicolè L, Cappello F, Cappellesso R, VandenBussche CJ, Fassina A. MicroRNA profiling in serous cavity specimens: Diagnostic challenges and new opportunities. Cancer Cytopathol 2019; 127:493-500. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nicolè
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine University of Padua Padua Italy
| | | | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine University of Padua Padua Italy
| | - Christopher J. VandenBussche
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Ambrogio Fassina
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine University of Padua Padua Italy
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Yang C, Kim HS, Song G, Lim W. The potential role of exosomes derived from ovarian cancer cells for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21493-21503. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition Kookmin University Seoul Republic of Korea
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Maffeis V, Cappellesso R, Zanon A, Cazzador D, Emanuelli E, Martini A, Fassina A. HER2 status in sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152432. [PMID: 31047725 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Given that the prognosis of patients with sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) has not significantly changed recently, there is a desire for new therapeutic approaches to improve clinical management. HER2-targeted therapy has remarkably improved the overall survival of patients with HER2 amplified tumors. To date, HER2 assessment has produced contradictory results in ITAC. The aim of this study was to assess HER2 status at both protein and DNA levels in a large series of ITAC. HER2 status was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in forty-three patients that underwent surgical resection for ITAC at the Otorhinolaryngology Section, Padua University Hospital, between 2007 and 2016. IHC was evaluated using the four-tier score developed for gastroesophageal cancer. As for IHC, 83.7% (36/43) of ITAC were scored 0, 14% (6/43) 1+, and 2.3% (1/43) 2+. No HER2 amplification was detected by CISH. The present is the largest study of sinonasal ITAC tested with both IHC and CISH confirmation for HER2 status. No HER2 overexpression/amplification was detected. Contrary to previous studies, our findings seem to rule out any oncogenetic role of HER2 in ITAC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Maffeis
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Zanon
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Otorhinolaryngology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Diego Cazzador
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Otorhinolaryngology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Section of Human Anatomy, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Emanuelli
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Otorhinolaryngology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martini
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Otorhinolaryngology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Fassina
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Schwarzenbach H, Gahan PB. MicroRNA Shuttle from Cell-To-Cell by Exosomes and Its Impact in Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:E28. [PMID: 30901915 PMCID: PMC6468647 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of exosomes, their link to multivesicular bodies and their potential role as a messenger vehicle between cancer and healthy cells opens up a new approach to the study of intercellular signaling. Furthermore, the fact that their main cargo is likely to be microRNAs (miRNAs) provides the possibility of the transfer of such molecules to control activities in the recipient cells. This review concerns a brief overview of the biogenesis of both exosomes and miRNAs together with the movement of such structures between cells. The possible roles of miRNAs in the development and progression of breast, ovarian and prostate cancers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peter B Gahan
- Fondazione "Enrico Puccinelli" Onlus, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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Weston WW, Ganey T, Temple HT. The Relationship between Exosomes and Cancer: Implications for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. BioDrugs 2019; 33:137-158. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-019-00338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Detecting ovarian cancer using extracellular vesicles: progress and possibilities. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:295-304. [PMID: 30700499 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed when they are already in the later stages of the disease. Earlier detection of OC dramatically improves the overall survival, but this is rarely achieved as there is a lack of clinically implemented biomarkers of early disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small cell-derived vesicles that have been extensively studied in recent years. They contribute to various aspects of cancer pathology, including tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. EVs are released from all cell types and the macromolecular cargo they carry reflects the content of the cells from which they were derived. Cancer cells release EVs with altered cargo into biofluids, and so, they represent an excellent potential source of novel biomarkers for the disease. In this review, we describe the latest developments in EVs as potential biomarkers for earlier detection of OC. The field is still relatively young, but many studies have shown that EVs and the cargo they carry, including miRNAs and proteins, can be used to detect OC. They could also give insights into the stage of the disease and predict the likely therapeutic outcome. There remain many challenges to the use of EVs as biomarkers, but, through ongoing research and innovation in this exciting field, there is great potential for the development of diagnostic assays in the clinic that could improve patient outcome.
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Huang T, Deng CX. Current Progresses of Exosomes as Cancer Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1-11. [PMID: 30662342 PMCID: PMC6329932 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer related exosomes are nano-size membrane vesicles that play important roles in tumor microenvironment. Emerging evidence indicates that exosomes can load unique cargoes, including proteins and nucleic acids that reflect the condition of tumor. Therefore, exosomes are being used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various cancers. In this review, we describe the current progresses of cancer related exosomes, including their biogenesis, molecular contents, biological functions, sources where they are derived from, and methods for their detection. We will also discuss the current exosomal biomarkers and the utilization of them for early diagnosis and prognostics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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Yan X, Liu Y, Kong X, Ji J, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Fu T, Yang J, Zhang Z, Liu F, Gu Z. MicroRNA-21-5p are involved in apoptosis and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:317-328. [PMID: 30599075 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA was still unclear. In our study, we used tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) (10 ng/ml) to mimic RA-FLSs and we found that normal FLS stimulated with TNFα caused the increasing expression of miR-21, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 and matrix metalloproteinase 3, which were in accord with RA-FLSs changes. Our data showed that miR-21 overexpression significantly increased cell invasion and decreased apoptosis in FLSs. Knockdown of miR-21 in FLSs causes the opposite result. However, miR-21 may not affect the proliferation of FLSs. Meanwhile, we showed that miR-21 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to participate in RA by inhibiting PTEN expression. Taken together, our results suggested that miR-21 may play a positive role in RA and may be a promising new therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yake Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xaoli Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zexu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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